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Java Module 1 Chapter 4

Operators perform specific operations on operands and return results. The document discusses different types of operators like arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators. It provides examples of using various operators like increment, decrement, assignment, ternary, and examples calculating results using operators with integers and floating-point values. The precedence of operators is also covered, emphasizing using parentheses to avoid ambiguity.

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2022becs190
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11 views

Java Module 1 Chapter 4

Operators perform specific operations on operands and return results. The document discusses different types of operators like arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators. It provides examples of using various operators like increment, decrement, assignment, ternary, and examples calculating results using operators with integers and floating-point values. The precedence of operators is also covered, emphasizing using parentheses to avoid ambiguity.

Uploaded by

2022becs190
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 1 – Chapter 4

OPERATORS
 Arithmetic Operators
 Bitwise Operators
 Relational Operators
 Boolean Logical Operators
 Assignment Operator
 Unary Operators
 ? Operator
Operators are special symbols that perform specific operations on one,
two, or sometimes three operands and return a result.
Table of Operators
What is the output?
class Operator {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 1 + 1;
int b = a * 3;
int c = b / 4;
int d = c - a;
int e = -d;
System.out.println("a = " + a);
System.out.println("b = " + b);
System.out.println("c = " + c);
System.out.println("d = " + d);
System.out.println("e = " + e);
Continued…
System.out.println("\nFloating Point Arithmetic");
double da = 1 + 1;
double db = da * 3;
double dc = db / 4;
double dd = dc - da;
double de = -dd;
System.out.println("da = " + da);
System.out.println("db = " + db);
System.out.println("dc = " + dc);
System.out.println("dd = " + dd);
System.out.println("de = " + de);
}
}
Modulus operator
● It returns the remainder of a division operation.
● Applied to integer and floating point.
Modulus operator example
class Modulus {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int x = 42;
double y = 42.25;
System.out.println("x mod 10 = " + x % 10);
System.out.println("y mod 10 = " + y % 10);
}
} What is the practical use of %?
Lab Activity/Exercise 8
Using the modulus operator write a program that prints the first 100
positive odd integers (each integer should be separated from the next one
by a comma, except the last – 1,3,5,…, 100th odd integer) and then print
on a separate line the first 100 positive even integers (each integer should
be separated from the next one by a comma, except the last – 0, 2, 4,…,
100th even integer).
Arithmetic compound assignment operators
int a = -1;

a = a + 4; this could also be written as a += 4;

+= considered as compound assignment operator.


In general, variable = variable operator expression; can be rewritten as
variable operator=expression;
// Demonstrating several assignment operators.
class OperatorEquals {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 1;
int b = 2;
int c = 3;
a += 5;
b *= 4;
c += a * b;
c %= 6;
System.out.println("a = " + a);
System.out.println("b = " + b);
System.out.println("c = " + c);
}
}
Increment and decrement
● ++ and the – – are Java’s increment and decrement operators.
● The increment operator increases its operand by one. The decrement operator decreases its operand by one.
● x = x + 1; can be written as x++;
● x = x-1; can be written as x--;
● The operand is incremented or decremented before the value is obtained for use in the expression.
● x = 42;
● y = ++x;
● y is set to 43
● The previous value is obtained for use in the expression.
● x = 42;
● y = x++;
● x is obtained before the increment operator is executed, so the value of y is 42, in both cases x is set to 43.
// Demonstrate ++.
class IncrementDecrement {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 1;
int b = 2;
int c;
int d;
c = ++b;
d = a++;
c++;
System.out.println("a = " + a);
System.out.println("b = " + b);
System.out.println("c = " + c);
System.out.println("d = " + d);
}
}
The Bitwise Operators
Binary representation
●Negative numbers are obtained by inverting all the bits and adding 1 to
the inverted number.
42 = 00101010 – write the positive value with the sign bit as 0
-42 = 11010101 – get its 1’s complement
1 – finally add one
11010110
● To decode it,
-42 = 11010110 (take its one’s complement)
= 00101001 (add 1)
1
00101010
The Bitwise Logical Operators
The bitwise logical operators are &, |, ^, and ~
●
Bitwise AND
00101010 42
&
00001111 15
00001010 10
Bitwise OR
00101010 42
00001111 15
00101111 47
Bitwise XOR
00101010 42
^
00001111 15
00100101 37
The Left Shift
●left shift operator, << shifts all of the bits in a value to the left a specified
number of times.
● value << num
● each left shift has the effect of doubling the original value
// Left shifting as a quick way to multiply by 2.
class MultByTwo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int num = 00001010

for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {


num = num << 1;
System.out.println(num);
}
}
} // what is the output?
The Right Shift

• The right shift operator (>>) shifts all of the bits in a value to
the right a specified number of Times.
• value >> num
• Each time you shift a value to the right, it divides that value
by two
Relational Operators
● The relational operators determine the relationship that one
operand has to the other.
● They determine equality and order.

● the outcome of these operations is a boolean value.

● int a = 4;

● int b = 1;

● boolean c = a < b;
Operator Result
== Equal to
!= Not equal to
> Greater Than
< Less than
>= Greater Than or equal to
<= Less than or Equal to
●if (done == 0) in C and done is an integer variable => if (!done) in Java
and done is a boolean variable
●if (done != 0) in C and done is an integer variable => if(done) in Java
and done is a Boolean variable
Boolean Logical Operators
●All of the binary logical operators combine two boolean values to form a
resultant boolean value.
Operator and result -table
Table of boolean logical values
class BoolLogic {
public static void main(String args[]) {
boolean a = true;
boolean b = false;
boolean c = a | b;
boolean d = a & b;
boolean e = a ^ b;
boolean f = (!a & b) | (a & !b);
boolean g = !a;
System.out.println(" a = " + a);
System.out.println(" b = " + b);
System.out.println(" a|b = " + c);
System.out.println(" a&b = " + d);
System.out.println(" a^b = " + e);
System.out.println("!a&b|a&!b = " + f);
System.out.println(" !a = " + g);
}
Short-Circuit Logical Operators
● &&, ||
The Assignment Operator
● var = expression;
● int x, y, z;
● x = y = z = 100; // set x, y, and z to 100
● “chain of assignment”
The ? Operator
● It is called a Ternary Operator.
● Can replace certain types of if-then-else statements.

● Syntax: expression1 ? expression2 : expression3


Operator Precedence
●Using Parentheses: Parentheses raise the precedence of the operations that are inside
them.
● Consider an expression a >> b + 3;
● How do we know if this is interpreted as either
● a >> (b + 3); or
● (a >> b) + 3

● It is hard to remember the operator precedence because there are too many operators

● Use parentheses instead. For example a >> (b+3);


● It solves the ambiguity.

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