MENSTRUAL CYCLEI-Investigatory-project-of-biology

JAWAHAR NAVODAYA
VIDYALAYA
BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

ROLE OF HORMONE IN MENSTRUAL CYCLE
SUBMITTED BY – ………………….
CLASS – XII
ROLL NO. – …………………………..
SESSION – 2022-23
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Biology Investigatory
Project report entitled “ROLE OF HORMONE IN
MENSTRUAL CYCLE” has been submitted by
…………………………Student of class XII -A is
original and has been completed under the
guidance of …………………………… (PGT Biology) in
partial fulfilment of the curriculum of CENTRAL
BOARD OF SEONDARY EDUCATION (CBSE)
leading to the award of annual examination of
the year 2022-23.
Teacher’s Signature Principal’s Signature
External Examiner’s Signature

2|Page
ACKNOWLEDGM
ENT
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it
would not have been possible without the kind
support and help of many individuals.
I would like to express my special thanks of

gratitude to my principal
……………………………………………. and my Biology
Teacher ………………………………… who gave me
the golden opportunity to do this wonderful
project on the topic ROLE OF HORMONE IN
MENSTRUAL CYCLE, which also helped me in
doing a lot of research and I came to know about
so many new things I am really thankful to her.
I would also like to thanks my parents for the

continues support and showing interest towards my
project and at last but not the least I would like to
thank my friends and to our school lab assistant who
all appreciated me for my hard work .
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CONTENT
1. Reproductive cycle
2. Menstrual cycle
3. Hormones
4. Phases of menstrual cycle
5. Duration of different phases
6. Menstrual Phase
7. Follicular phase
8. Ovulation phase
9. Luteal phase
10. Events of menstruation cycle
11. Hormonal levels during different
phases
12. Signs of menstruation
13. Menarche and menopause
14. Menstrual cycle disorder
15. Menstrual taboos
16. Bibliography
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REPRODUCTIVE
CYCLE
The female of placental mammals exhibits cyclical changes in the
activities of ovaries and accessory ducts as well as hormones during the
reproductive phase known as reproductive cycle.
There are two types which are as follows;

OESTRUS CYCLE
The estrous cycle or oestrus cycle is that recurring physiological changes
that are induced by reproductive hormones in most mammalian therein
females. Estrous cycle start after sexual maturity in females and are
interrupted by anestrous phases or by pregnancies.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
The menstrual is the regular natural change that occurs in the female
reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible.
Menstruation is the technical term for getting your periods. If pregnancy
does not occur, this thickened lining is shed, accompanied by bleeding
usually last for 3-8 day.
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MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
The menstrual cycle is complex and controlled by many

different glands and the hormones that these glands
produce. The four phases of the menstrual cycle are
menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation and the
luteal phase.
In human female, Menstruation is repeated at an

average interval of about 28-29 day.
The cycle of the event from one menstruation till the

next one is known as menstrual cycle.
GRAPH OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE
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HORMONES
Anterior Pituitary Hormone

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
It is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary

gland. In females, an acute rise of LH triggers ovulation and development
of corpus luteum.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

It is a ganadotropin, a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone. FSH is
synthesized and secreted by the gandotrophic cell of the anterior
pituitary gland and regulates the development, and reproductive
processes of body.
Ovarian Hormone
Estrogen
It is the primary female sex hormone. It is responsible for the

development and regulation of female reproductive and secondary
sex characteristics.
Progesterone
It is an endogenous steroid and progesterone sex hormone involved in
the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and
other species.
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PHASES OF
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
 A change in the level of anterior pituitary hormone and

Overlain hormone induces changes in ovary and
uterus in the different phases.
 Menstrual Cycle can be divided into 3 phases:
1. Menstrual Phases
2. Follicular (Estrogen) Phase
3. Ovulation
4. Luteal Phase
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DURATION OF
DIFFERENT PHASES
 The duration of menstrual cycle is 28 days

 Cycle can range anywhere from 21 to 35 days in adults.
 The range for the early teens range between 21 to
45 days.
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MENSTRUAL PHASE
 Menstrual cycle starts with menstrual phase.
Menstruation
i. Menstrual bleeding, menses, periods.
ii. Discharge of bloody fluid containing endometrial cells,

glandular secretions and blood cells.
iii. Due to breakdown of endometrial lining of uterus and its

blood vessels.
iv. Result of the previous menstrual cycle.
v. Due to strong vasoconstriction and photolytic activity,

functional stratum of endometrial tissue dies and is
discharged during menstrual bleeding.
vi. It last for 3-5 days
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FOLLICULAR PHASE
 Due to the rise of follicle stimulating hormones

during the first day of the cycle, several
ovarian follicles are stimulated.
 Follicle competes with each other
for development.
 Follicle matures into graffian follicle.
 As they mature, the follicles secret
increasing amount of estrogen which
thickness the new functional layer of
endometrial in the uterus.
 At the end of this phase, ovulation occurs
DIAGRAMATIC SECTION VIEW OF OVARY
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OVULATION PHASE
 During the follicular phase, estrogen suppresses

production of luteinizing hormones [LH] from the
pituitary gland.
 When the ovum has nearly matured, levels of estrogen
reach a threshold above which they stimulate producing
of LH surge.
 After being released from ovary it is kept into fallopian
tube.
TRANSPORT OF OVUME, FRTILISATION OF GROWING EMBRYO THROUGH PHALLOPIAN

TUBE
13 | P a g e
LUTEAL PHASE
 Graffian follicle transform as corpus luteum

 The luteal phase is the latter phase of the
menstrual cycle.
 It begins with the formation of the corpus
luteum and ends in either pregnancy or
luteolysis.
 Corpus luteam secrets significant amount of
progesterone, which plays a vital role.
 The two opposite of the luteal phase, the rest of
the two weeks is called the follicular phase
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EVENTS OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE
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HORMONE LEVEL DURING
MENSTRUATION CYCLE
CHANGING
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SIGNS OF
A Woman MENSTRUATION
May Experience:
 Fluid Retention
 Cramping
 Constipation
 Mood Swings
 Weight Gain
 Breast Tenderness
 Diarrhea
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MENARCHE AND
MENOPHASE
 Menarche
 A woman’s first menstruation.
 Typically occurs around age 12.
 Occurrence depends on the overall health and diet.
 Menopause:
 End of woman’s reproductive phase.
 Commonly occurs between ages 45 and 55,
 Age of menopause is largely the result of genetics.
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MENSTRUAL CYCLE
DISORDER
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MENSTRUATION TABOO
2. A menstrual taboo is any taboo concerned

with menstruation.
3. In some societies it involves menstruation

being perceived as unclean or
 In public
 In private
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
 www.ncert.com
 www.byjus.com
 www.yahoo.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.youtube.com/ALLINVESTIGATORYPROJECTS
21 | P a g e
THANK
YOU
22 | P a g e

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JAWAHAR NAVODAYA

BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

Teacher’s Signature Principal’s Signature

External Examiner’s Signature

I would like to express my special thanks of

I would also like to thanks my parents for the

There are two types which are as follows;

The menstrual cycle is complex and controlled by many

In human female, Menstruation is repeated at an

The cycle of the event from one menstruation till the

GRAPH OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Anterior Pituitary Hormone

It is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

It is the primary female sex hormone. It is responsible for the

 A change in the level of anterior pituitary hormone and

 Menstrual Cycle can be divided into 3 phases:

 The duration of menstrual cycle is 28 days

 Menstrual cycle starts with menstrual phase.

ii. Discharge of bloody fluid containing endometrial cells,

iii. Due to breakdown of endometrial lining of uterus and its

iv. Result of the previous menstrual cycle.

v. Due to strong vasoconstriction and photolytic activity,

vi. It last for 3-5 days

 Due to the rise of follicle stimulating hormones

DIAGRAMATIC SECTION VIEW OF OVARY

 During the follicular phase, estrogen suppresses

TRANSPORT OF OVUME, FRTILISATION OF GROWING EMBRYO THROUGH PHALLOPIAN

 Graffian follicle transform as corpus luteum

 A woman’s first menstruation.

 Typically occurs around age 12.

 Occurrence depends on the overall health and diet.

 End of woman’s reproductive phase.

 Commonly occurs between ages 45 and 55,

 Age of menopause is largely the result of genetics.

2. A menstrual taboo is any taboo concerned

3. In some societies it involves menstruation

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