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Activity Items Score

1 5
2 10
MATHEMATICS │ Fourth Quarter – Statistics │ Week 5 Total 15
(dito na po sa module magsasagot)
Objectives:
1. Illustrates the measures of variability (range, average deviation, variance, standard deviation)
of a statistical data.
2. Draws conclusions from graphic and tabular data and measures of central tendency and
variability.
MEASURES OF VARIABILITY
Example:
Set 1 Set 2
10, 16, 14, 17, 9 10, 18, 8, 15, 19

Set 1 has a mean of 13.2. Set 2 has a mean of 14.

➢Which set has scores farther away from the mean?
Measures of variability is used to illustrate ➢Which set has scores closest to the mean?
dispersion or how far away we are from
the center, on average. The most ➢Which set of numbers are more dispersed or
commonly used measures of variability are scattered?
the range, the average deviation the To answer the questions above, we will use
standard deviation, and the variance. the measures of variability.

A. RANGE
The Range is the simplest measure of variability. It is the difference between the largest value and
the smallest value. It is the easiest measure of variability. It is only based on two extreme values (the
highest and the lowest value).
Range (R) = H – L
where, H = Highest value and L = Lowest value
Set 1 Set 2
10, 16, 14, 17, 9 10, 18, 8, 15, 19
H = 17 L=9 H = 19 L = 10
R=H–L R=H–L
= 17 – 9 = 19 – 10
R=8 R=9
The range of the scores in set 1 is 8. The range of the scores in set 2 is 9.

B. AVERAGE DEVIATION
The Average Deviation is a measure of variation that makes use of all the scores in a distribution.
This is more reliable than a range. Average Deviation sometimes called Mean Absolution Deviation
∑|𝑥−x̅|
(MAD). To compute the average deviation, we use the formula: A.D. =
𝑁
where: A.D. is the average deviation 𝑥̅̅ is the mean N is the number of scores
x is the individual score |x-𝑥̅̅| is the absolute value of the deviation from the mean
Solution Set 1 Set 2
10, 16, 14, 17, 9 10, 18, 8, 15, 19
Step 1: Find the x̅ =
10 + 16 + 14 + 17 + 9 66
= = 13.2 x̅ =
10 + 18 + 8 + 15 + 19 70
= = 14
mean. 5 5 5 5
Step 2: Get the A A

Value Mean Distance of x from Value Mean Distance of x from

distance of each the 𝑥̅̅ the 𝑥̅̅
x x̅ x x̅
score from the (Deviation) (Deviation)
mean by |x-𝑥̅̅| |x-𝑥̅̅|
subtracting each 10 13.2 |10 – 13.2|= 3.2 10 14 |10 – 14|= 4
mean from the 16 13.2 |16 – 13.2|= 2.8 18 14 |18 – 14|= 4
value. 14 13.2 |14 – 13.2|= 0.8 8 14 |8 – 14|= 6
Note: 17 13.2 |17 – 13.2|= 3.8 15 14 |15 – 14|= 1
Use the absolute value by 9 13.2 |9 – 13.2|= 4.2 19 14 |19 – 14|= 5
disregarding the negative
sign.
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Step 3. Find the
A A
Value Mean Distance of x from Value Mean Distance of x from
mean of those x x̅ the 𝑥̅̅ x x̅ the 𝑥̅̅
distances (column 3 (Deviation) (Deviation)
in the table above. |x-𝑥̅̅| |x-𝑥̅̅|
10 13.2 3.2 10 14 4
The result is the
16 13.2 2.8 18 14 4
mean deviation or 14 13.2 0.8 8 14 6
average deviation. 17 13.2 3.8 15 14 1
9 13.2 4.2 19 14 5
∑|𝑥̅ − x̅ |= 14.8 ∑|𝑥̅ − x̅ |= 20
Step 3. Solve the A.D. =
∑|𝑥−x̅|
=
14.8
= 2.96 A.D. =
∑|𝑥−x̅|
=
20
=4
average deviation. 𝑁 5 𝑁 5

The average deviation is 2.96. The average deviation is 4.

It means that the distance of the scores It means that the distance of the
from the mean 13.2, on average, is 2.96. scores from the mean 14, on
average, is 4 points.
-2. 96 +2.96 -4 +4
10.24 13.2 16.16 10 14 18
Mean Mean
On average, the scores are On an average, the scores are
scattered from 10 to 16. scattered from 10 to 18.
C. VARIANCE
It measures the average degree to which each number is different from the mean.
➢ It is the average of the squared differences from the mean
➢ It is a measure of how spread out the numbers are.
Note: The larger the variance, the greater the variability of the data from the mean. The smaller
the variance, the lesser the variability. (variability or inconsistency)
The formula is:
∑(𝑥−x̅)2
Variance =
sum of the squared deviations
total number of values
in symbol, 𝜕2 =
𝑁−1
D. STANDARD DEVIATION
➢ Is the average of how far the scores are from the mean.
➢ It is the square root of the variance.
➢ The most reliable measure of variability.
➢Absolute Deviation is extremely similar with Standard Deviation, both are a measure of spread.
➢When the standard deviation is low, it implies that most of the values are near the mean. If the
values are far from the mean, the standard deviation is high.
The formula is:
2
2 ∑(𝑥̅−x
̅)
𝑆𝐷 = √𝜕 or 𝑆𝐷 = √
𝑁−1
Set 1 10, 16, 14, 17, 9 Set 2 10, 18, 8, 15, 19
Step 1: Find x̅ =
10 + 16 + 14 + 17 + 9 66
= = 13.2 x̅ =
10 + 18 + 8 + 15 + 19 70
= = 14
the mean. 5 5 5 5
Step 2: Get A
Distance of x from
A
Value Mean Value Mean Distance of x from
the distance x the 𝑥̅̅ the 𝑥̅̅
x̅ x x̅
of each (Deviation) (Deviation)
score from |x-𝑥̅̅| |x-𝑥̅̅|
the mean by 10 13.2 |10 – 13.2|= 3.2 10 14 |10 – 14|= 4
subtracting 16 13.2 |16 – 13.2|= 2.8 18 14 |18 – 14|= 4
each mean 14 13.2 |14 – 13.2|= 0.8 8 14 |8 – 14|= 6
from the 17 13.2 |17 – 13.2|= 3.8 15 14 |15 – 14|= 1
value. 9 13.2 |9 – 13.2|= 4.2 19 14 |19 – 14|= 5

Step 3. A A
Value Mean |x-𝑥̅̅| (x-𝑥̅̅)2 Value Mean |x-𝑥̅̅| (x-𝑥̅̅)2
Square the
x x̅ x x̅
deviation. 10 13.2 3.2 (3.2)2 = 10.24 10 14 4 16
16 13.2 2.8 (2.8)2 =7.84 18 14 4 16
14 13.2 0.8 (0.8)2 =0.64 8 14 6 36
17 13.2 3.8 (3.8)2 =14.44 15 14 1 1
9 13.2 4.2 (4.2)2 =17.64 19 14 5 25
∑(x − x̅ )2 =50.8 ∑(x − x̅ )2 =94
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Solve the ∑(𝑥̅ − x̅) 2 ∑(𝑥̅ − x̅) 2

variance. 𝜕2 = 𝜕2 =
𝑁−1 𝑁−1
50.8 94
= =
5−1 5−1
50.8 94
= =
4 4
2 2
𝜕 = 12.7 𝜕 = 23.5
Solve the 2 2
standard 𝑆𝐷 = √𝜕 𝑆𝐷 = √𝜕
deviation. = √12.7 = √23.5
𝑆𝐷 = 3.56 𝑆𝐷 = 4.85
The standard deviation is 3.56. It The standard deviation is 4.85. It means
means that, on average, the distance that, on average, the distance of the scores
of the scores from the mean (13.2) is from the mean (14) is 4.85
3.56.
The computed standard deviation of the 2 sets implies that the scores in Set 1 is more near in the mean
than the scores in Set 2.

Activity 1. Directions. Complete the following sentences. Choose the best answer from the choices in
the box below. (5 points)
variance average deviation mean
range variability more scattered
square root less scattered average data

1. A measure that describes how spread out the data is called ________________________.
2. In Mathematics, subtracting the lowest score from the highest score is called the ___________________.
3. Mean Absolute Deviation is sometimes called ________________________.
4. Standard Deviation is just the square root of __________________________.
5. The average of the squared deviation from the mean is known as________________________.

Activity 2. Directions. Study the table and answer the questions that follow. (10 points)
Savings of Students for Six Days
Student A Student B
₱60 ₱20
₱50 ₱10
₱55 ₱130
₱40 ₱30
₱54 ₱100
₱41 ₱20

Use the back of this paper for your computation. Write the FINAL ANSWER ONLY on the table.
Student A Student B
a. What is the range of each
set? R = _____________ R = ______________
b. What is the mean of each
set? Mean = _____________ Mean = _____________
c. What is the average
deviation of each set? AD = _____________ AD = _____________
d. Whose savings are more
consistent?
e. Whose savings has a
greater variation?