Paintings

CHAPTER

“
5
”
– Henry Wards Beecher
Hooray to a new academic
year! The journey in this
pandemic has been tough yet MODULE CONTENTS
you made it. New normal has
come, but the learning must
continue. This would be pretty
INPUTS:
exciting! As we start digging
through this course pack, you • Elements of Painting
will start on a bird’s eye view of • The Color Wheel and its
this subject Art Appreciation. Categories
This module develops students • Symbolism and
ability to appreciate, and Meaning of Primary
critique works of art. Also, this Colors
course aims to develop • Mediums in Painting
students’ genuine • Classifications of
appreciation for Philippine arts Painting Styles
by providing them
opportunities to explore the
diversity and richness and their
rootedness in Filipino culture.
Intended Learning Outcomes
At the end of Chapter 5 you should be able to:

a. Identify the elements of painting;

b. Show the importance of the color wheel;
c. Convey an idea about symbolism and meaning of the colors;
and
d. Demonstrate knowledge about the mediums in painting and its
characteristics.
 color. Their mixture that produces the
A B S T R A C T I O N secondary colors are green, orange, and
purple.

Texture. It is a component of two-sided and

Elements of Painting three-sided designs and distinguished by its
perceived visual and physical properties. It is
Painting is a style of creating an used to describe the way a three-
expression by applying colors to a flat dimensional work feels when touched. In
surface or any mediums like canvas, clay, two dimensional models, such as painting, it
glass, paper, walls, leaf, paper, or woods. may refer to the visual "feel" of a piece
Abstraction or composition, drawing and (Isaac, 2017)
other aesthetics may serve to manifest the
expressive and conceptual intention of the Perspective. It is an art technique for
artists (Mayer, 1970). It is an unspoken and creating an illusion of three dimension with
mostly unrecognized dialogue, where paint depth and space. Its real goal is creating a
speaks silently in masses and colors, and the viewpoint for the audiences that will best
artist responds in moods. Paint records the communicate the subject and serve its
most delicate gesture. It tells whether the particular message
painter sat or stood or crouched in front of
the canvas (Elkins, 1998). It is loaded with Perspective is the same as "viewpoint"
narrative content, symbolism, or emotion. and "position." It is what makes a painting
seem to have form, distance, and look "real"
A beautiful painting is not made by (Evans, 2002). It is projected according to its
photographic likeness, but rather good levels namely: foreground, middle ground,
composition. For the artist, the harmony in and background.
his her artwork will be on the selection of
appropriate devices, peculiar to the The foreground is the visual plane that
medium and the use of certain principles to appears closer to the viewers. On the other
relate them. A unique style emerges when hand, the middle ground is the part
an artist recognizes his or her personal between the foreground and the part of
preference of dominant design elements which is which is called the background. The
and consciously or unconsciously foreground of a composition is the illustrative
emphasizes these dominant elements (O et plane that appears closest to the viewer,
al., 2008; Gatto, 2000). The significant while the background is the plane in a
aspects of the painting are the line, color, composition perceived farthest from the
texture, perspective, shapes, and symbols viewers. The middle ground is the illustrative
(Nohay, 2018). plane between the foreground and the
background. The scale of these elements
Line. It is the simplest element in the often associates to the dominance in a
painting. It has a continuous marking made picture. The foreground is frequently the
by a moving point to outlines shape and most dominant due to the larger perceived
can contour areas within those outlines. It size of the picture objects.
can suggest movement (vertical, horizontal,
diagonal, and curved). Each line has its Shapes. It is an element in painting that
meaning: vertical line stress action, strength, helps express ideas. It helps to interact, and
dynamism; horizontal lines means serenity, independently evoke agitation, purposeful
calmness, stability diagonal line express energy, direction, etc. They maybe circles,
tension, movement; curved lines appear rectangles, ovals, or square. It is an area
softness flexibility, gentleness. with defined boundary created by a variety
of color, value or texture of the areas
Color. The Artists used colors to convey adjacent to it.
feelings and moods within their painting. It is
the result of wavelengths of lights reflecting Symbols. The Artists often include symbolic
of object. It is composed of three distinct objects in their paintings that have a special
qualities such as the hue, saturation, and meaning or a special message. It is used to
value. Hue is merely the name of the color. express ides such as death, hope, life, etc.
Red, yellow, and the blue are the primary
 Symbolism and Meaning of
The Color Wheel and its Primary Colors
Categories
Colors play a fundamental role in our Colors can affect our actions and
lives and how we respond to our emotions and on how we respond to various
environment. It is the visual perceptual people, things, and ideas. Much has been
property corresponding in humans to the studied and written about color and its
categories called blue, green, red, and impact on our daily lives.
others. It has two main types, warm and
cool colors Red Color. This is noted as the warmest of all
types of colors. It is most chosen by
Significantly, a color wheel (also extroverts and one of the top choices
known as a color circle) is a visual among males. It is a color which is
representation of color arranged based to associated with fiery heat and warmth and
their chromatic relationship. It is a circle has strong symbolism about life and vitality.
shape that is divided evenly into 12 It is also essential to human life because:
segments which display different color
according to its pigment value. It also shows a. It increases enthusiasm and interest.
the relationship between the primary colors, b. It gives more energy.
secondary colors, and complementary c. It reinforces action and confidence.
colors. Other colors can also be categorized d. It protects us from fears and anxieties,
based on the following:
Blue Color. This is known as the calmest color
Complementary Colors. These colors sit like that of the sky and ocean. It is the color
contrary to each other on the color wheel. of inspiration, sincerity, and spirituality and
Because they are opposites, they tend to often the chosen color by conservative
look lively when used together. When you people. This color is important to human life
put complementary colors together, each because:
color seems more noticeable. Examples of
these colors are red and green. a It is a sign of calmness and relaxation.
b. It opens the flow of communication
Analogous Colors. These colors sit next to c. It broadens our perspective in learning
each other on the color wheel. They tend to new information.
look pleasant together because they are d. It implies solitude and peace.
closely related. Orange, yellow-orange, and
yellow are an example of analogous colors. Yellow Color. This is considered as the
easiest color to recognize. It is symbol
Neutral Colors. They are sometimes called creativity and intellectual vitality. It also
"earth tones." These colors don't usually show symbolizes wisdom, happiness and brings
up on the color wheel. Neutral colors awareness and clarity
include black, white, gray, and occasionally
brown and beige. The yellow color is vital to human life
because:
Warm Colors. These colors are made with
orange, red, yellow or some combination of a. It helps us in making decisions.
these. Colors of the sunset give a feeling of b. It relieves us from burnout, panic,
brightness a heat. nervousness, exhaustion.
c. It sharpens our memory and
Cool Colors. These colors are made with concentration skills.
blue, green, purple or some combination of d. It protects us from depression.
these. These colors make you think of cool
and peaceful things, like winter skies and still
ponds. Mediums in Painting

There are different mediums in

paintings used today. It helps to describe
the elements that bind the colors in the
paint (Martin, 2004). The following samples
of the methods used in painting:
Classifications of Painting
Styles
1. Oil. It is the type of slow-drying paint that
consists of particles of pigment suspended in Part of the desire in painting
drying oils such as linseed oil, poppy seed oil, particularly in the 21st century is the variety
safflower oil and walnut oil. of available art styles. The style in painting is
in two senses: it can refer to the distinctive
2. Pastel. It is an art medium in the shape of visual elements, techniques, and methods
a stick or crayons. It consists of pure that characterized one's artwork, and can
powdered color and a binder. Dry pastel refer to the movement or school that
can be classified as soft pastels, pan pastels, associated to the artists. Such classifications
hard pastels, and pastel pencils include the following styles:

3. Acrylic. It is fast drying paint containing a. Western Styles

pigment suspension in acrylic polymer
emulsion which becomes water-resistant Abstraction. It is an art in painting which
when dry, does not attempt to represent an accurate
depiction of a visual reality but instead use
4. Watercolor. It is the medium which the colors, shapes, forms and gestural marks to
paints are made of colors suspended in a achieve its effect. It may be formed by
water-soluble vehicle. It is usually reducing the observable phenomenon,
transparent and appears luminous because typically to retain only information which is
the pigments are laid down in a relatively relevant for a particular purpose.
pure form with few types of filler obscuring
the pigment colors. Expressionism. It is sometimes called
emotional realism. In this style, the artists
5. Ink. It is a liquid that contains colors and sought to express meaning or emotional
dyes and is applied to a surface to produce experience rather than physical truth.
an image, text, or design. It is for drawing
with a brush, or pen. Baroque. It is characterized by dynamism (a
sense of motion), which is augmented by
6. Encaustic. It is heated beeswax to which extravagant effects (e.g., sharp curves, rich
colored stains are added. The paste is then decoration) Among the most significant
applied to a wood-based canvas. Baroque painters are Caravaggio,
Rembrandt, Rubens, Velazquez, Poussin,
7. Fresco. It refers to any of several related and Vermeer.
mural painting types executed on walls,
ceilings or any other kind of flat surface. The Impressionism. It is a type of art presenting
term fresco comes from the Italian word the real-life subject with emphasis on the
"affresco" which means "fresh." impression left in the artist's perception,
particularly the effect of light on the object
8. Gouache. It is a water-based paint used as a subject.
consisting of pigment and other materials
designed to be used in an opaque painting Modernism. It is characterized by a cautious
technique rejection of the styles of the past and
emphasizing innovation and
9. Enamel. It is a paint that air dries to a experimentation of materials and
durable, usually glossy and solid finish. It is techniques instead to create better
used for outdoor coating surfaces or artworks.
otherwise subject to variations in
temperature. b. Modern Styles

10. Spray paint. It is the type of paint that Realism. It is a style of painting practiced
comes in a sealed pressurized battle and before the invention of the camera, where
released in a fine spray. artists depicted landscapes and humans
with as much attention to detail and
11. Tempera. it is a permanent, fast-drying precision as possible. The artist's primary goal
painting medium consisting of colored is to describe accurately and truthfully as
pigment mixed with a water-soluble binder possible what is observed.
method.
Symbolism. It is an art that represents the
subject symbolically. For instance, the
"Spolarium" painting of Juan Luna depicts
the suffering of the Filipino people from the A N A L Y S I S
hands of the Spaniards. Many works of art
included by some writers who cover the
Symbolist era were produced in the middle
of the century, or even before.

Fauvism. It refers to art that used brilliant 1. What are the differences between oil and
primary colors or color illumination on acrylic paints?
subjects like pictures to emphasize comfort, ___________________________________________
joy, and leisure. It comes from the French ___________________________________________
word fauves, meaning "wild beasts” (this ___________________________________________
name refers to a small group of painters in ___________________________________________
Paris who exhibited works notable for the ___________________________________________
bold and expressive use of pure color). ___________________________________________

Cubism. It is a form of abstraction wherein 2. What do you think are the benefits of
the object is first reduced to cubes and then paintings in our lives?
flattened into two-dimensional shapes. It has ___________________________________________
been considered the most influential and ___________________________________________
powerful art movement during the 20 ___________________________________________
century in Paris established by Georges ___________________________________________
Braque and Pablo Picasso. ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
Surrealism. It is a type of art wherein the
artist creates dreamlike paintings that filled 3. What is the significant of the secondary
with mysterious objects. It is the opposite of colors? How they are formed?
abstraction that attempts to portray the ___________________________________________
conscious mind through unconventional ___________________________________________
means. ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________

A C T I V I T I E S 4. What is the real goal of perspective in art?

Explain.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
A. Painting ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
You are going to paint any objects in ___________________________________________
a/an canvass/illustration board (1/8 size), ___________________________________________
using different mediums and colors.
5. Why is line considered the most important
element in painting? Support your answer.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________