Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

MAI-101(Mathematics-1), Autumn Semester: 2023-24

loge x−loge y
1. If f (x, y) = 1
x2
+ 1
xy + x2 +y 2
, prove that x ∂f ∂f
∂x + y ∂y + 2f = 0.

x2 +y 2

2. Let u = cos−1 √ √ .
x− y
Then by using Euler’s theorem, prove that
2 2 2
(i) 2x ∂u ∂u 2∂ u 2∂ u ∂ u
∂x + 2y ∂y + 3 cot u = 0. (ii) x ∂x2 + y ∂y 2 + 2xy ∂x∂y =
3
2 cot u(1 − 32 csc2 u).
2 2 2
3. Let z = x2 y 4 sin−1 ( xy ), where 0 < x < y. Determine m, if x2 ∂x
∂ z 2∂ z ∂ z
2 + y ∂y 2 + 2xy ∂x∂y = mz.

 
m y n y
2 ∂2z 2 ∂2z ∂2z ∂z ∂z
4. If z = x f x )+x g x , then show that x ∂x2 +y ∂y2 +2xy ∂x∂y +mnz = (m+n−1) x ∂x +y ∂y .

3 3 3 3
5. Let u(x, y) = ln( xx+y
+y
) + tan−1 ( xx−y
+y
). Then, using Euler’s theorem, evaluate x ∂u ∂u
∂x + y ∂y .

du
6. Use the chain rule to compute dt if
(i) u = sin(x2 + y 2 ), x = t2 + 3, y = t3 .
(ii) u = tan−1 ( xy ), x = et − e−t , y = et + e−t .
(iii) u = x2 + y 2 + z 2 and x = e2t , y = e2t cos 3t, z = e2t sin 3t.
∂z ∂z
7. Use the chain rule to compute ∂s and ∂t for z = cos(x3 + y 3 ), x = st, y = t2 + s2 .

8. Find the first order partial derivatives of z with respect to x and y if xy + yz + xz = 1.

9. If z = ex sin y+ey cos x, where x and y are implicit functions of t defined by x3 +x+et +t2 +t−1 = 0
and yt3 + y 3 t + t + y = 0, then find dz
dt at t = 0.

10. Find the values of n so that the function v = rn (3 cos2 θ − 1) satisfies the relation

∂ 2 ∂v 1 ∂v ∂v
(r )+ (sin θ ) = 0.
∂r ∂r sin θ ∂θ ∂θ

11. Find the positive value of n so that the function f (r, θ) = rn eθ cos 2θ satisfies the relation

∂ ∂f ∂2f ∂ 1 ∂f
(r ) − 2 +n ( ) = 0.
∂r ∂r ∂r∂θ ∂θ r ∂θ
Pn
12. If v = v(r), where r2 = 2
i=1 xi , show that
n
X ∂2v ∂ 2 v n − 1 ∂v
= + .
i=1
∂x2i ∂r2 r ∂r

x2 −y 2
13. Let w = f (u, v) satisfy the Laplace equation wuu + wvv = 0. If u = 2 and v = xy, then show
that w also satisfies the Laplace equation wxx + wyy = 0.

14. Let f (x, y) be a function having continuous second order partial derivatives. If x = cosh u cos v
and y = α sinh u sin v, where α is a constant, then show that

α2
fuu + fvv = (cosh 2u − cos 2v)(fxx + fyy ).
2

1
15. If x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ, prove that
∂2r ∂2r 1
 ∂r
2 ∂r 2

 ∂2r

∂2r

∂2r 2


(i) ∂x 2 + ∂y 2 = r ∂x + ∂y (ii) ∂x2
· ∂y 2
= ∂x∂y
∂r 2 ∂r 2



(iii) ∂x + ∂y =1
∂2V ∂2V ∂2V 1 ∂2V 1 ∂V
Further, if V is a function of x and y, then prove that ∂x2
+ ∂y 2
= ∂r2
+ r2 ∂θ2
+ r ∂r .

16. If x = r sin θ cos φ, y = r sin θ sin φ, z = r cos θ and U = U (x, y, z), then prove that
 2  2  2  2  2  2
∂U ∂U ∂U ∂U 1 ∂U 1 ∂U
+ + = + + .
∂x ∂y ∂z ∂r r ∂θ r sin θ ∂φ
 2
∂ ∂ ∂ −9
17. If u = loge x3 + y 3 + z 3 − 3xyz , show that ∂x


+ ∂y + ∂z u= (x+y+z)2
.

∂(x,y,z)
18. Compute the Jacobian ∂(ρ,θ,φ) , where x = ρ sin θ cos φ, y = ρ sin θ sin φ, z = ρ cos θ.

∂(x,y) √ q
2
√ q
2
19. Find the Jacobian ∂(u,v) where x = 2u − 3 v, y= 2u + 3 v.

20. Check whether the functions are functionally dependent or not? If yes, then find a relation
between them.
x2 +3y 2
(i) f (x, y) = log x − log y, g(x, y) = 2xy . (ii) f (x, y) = xy , g(x) = x−y
x+y .

21. Show that the following functions satisfy the necessary condition for functional dependence

u = x + y + z, v = x2 + y 2 + z 2 , w = x3 + y 3 + z 3 − 3xyz.

Also find a relation among u, v, w.

22. Let f (x, y) = ex cos y and g(x, y) = x + ln(cos y) for x ∈ R and 0 < y < π. Then, find the
∂(f,g)
Jacobian ∂(x,y) , and use it to check whether the functions are functionally dependent or not. If
yes, then find a relation between them.
∂(u,v)
23. Find the Jacobian ∂(s,t) where u = 3x + 2y, v = x − 2y, x = st and y = s2 + t2 .

24. If x1 = u1 (1 − u2 ), x2 = u1 u2 (1 − u3 ), x3 = u1 u2 u3 (1 − u4 ), x4 = u1 u2 u3 u4 , then prove that

∂(x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 )
= u31 u22 u3 .
∂(u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 )

25. If the roots of equation (t − x)3 + (t − y)3 + (t − z)3 = 0 in t are u, v, w, then show that

∂(u, v, w) (x − y)(y − z)(z − x)

Answers

3. 30 6. (i) 4xt cos(x2 + y 2 ) + 6yt2 cos(x2 + y 2 ), (ii) −2/(e2t + e−2t ), (iii) 8e4t .

∂z y+z ∂z x+z √4
8. ∂x = − x+y , ∂y = − x+y . 9. −2 10. n = 2, −3 11. n = 2 18. ρ2 sin θ 19. 3
p
20. (i) dependent. f (x, y) = log(g(x, y)) + (g(x, y))2 − 3)
(ii) dependent. f (x, y) = 1−g(x,y)
1+g(x,y)

u(3v−u2 )
21. w = 2 . 22. 0, dependent, ln(f (x, y)) − g(x, y) = 0 23. 16s2 − 16t2 .