CPC 100

Reference Manual
CPC 100 Reference Manual

Manual Version: ENU 1036 04 12

© OMICRON electronics 2023. All rights reserved.
This manual is a publication of OMICRON electronics GmbH.
All rights including translation reserved. Reproduction of any kind, for example, photocopying,
microfilming, optical character recognition and/or storage in electronic data processing systems,
requires the explicit consent of OMICRON electronics. Reprinting, wholly or in part, is not permitted.
The product information, specifications, and technical data embodied in this manual represent the
technical status at the time of writing and are subject to change without prior notice.
We have done our best to ensure that the information given in this manual is useful, accurate and entirely
reliable. However, OMICRON electronics does not assume responsibility for any inaccuracies which
may be present.
The user is responsible for every application that makes use of an OMICRON product.
OMICRON electronics translates this manual from the source language English into a number of other
languages. Any translation of this manual is done for local requirements, and in the event of a dispute
between the English and a non-English version, the English version of this manual shall govern.

2 OMICRON
 Contents

Contents
Preface 9
About this reference manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Glossary of symbols and terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Used symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Functionality of the CPC 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
CPC 100 versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Related documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1 Safety instructions for the CPC 100 and its accessories 16
1.1 Principle use according to regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2 Operator qualifications and primary responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3 Safety standards and rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3.1 Safety standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3.2 Safety rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.3 Safety accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.4 Safe operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.4 Designated use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.5 Orderly measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.6 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.7 Grounding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.8 Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.9 Changing fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.10 DC output to test objects with a high inductance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.10.1 Discharging after tests on objects with a high inductance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.11 High-voltage and high-current outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.12 CPC 100 in combination with the CP TD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.13 Handling long cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.14 Disclaimer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.15 Compliance statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.16 Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2 Introduction 27
2.1 Functional components of the CPC 100. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.1.1 Front panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.1.2 High-voltage and high-current outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.1.3 ePC interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.1.4 Functional components in detail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.2 CPC 100 block diagram (simplified) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.3 Built-in ePC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.4 How to use the CPC 100 software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.4.1 The principles of test cards and test procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.4.2 Starting the software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.4.3 View selector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.4.4 Accelerator keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.4.5 Test card view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.4.6 Test procedure overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.4.7 The CPC 100 file system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.4.8 Navigating through the file system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.4.9 The menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.4.10 Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2.4.11 Creating defaults and templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.5 Installation of the CPC 100 Toolset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

OMICRON 3
CPC 100 Reference Manual

2.5.1 System requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

2.6 Putting the CPC 100 into operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.6.1 Safety aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.6.2 Preparations in the substation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.6.3 Basic steps to carry out a test with the CPC 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.7 Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3 Measurement setup 74
3.1 Preparations in the substation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.2 Basic steps to carry out a test with the CPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.2.1 Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.2.2 Performing measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.2.3 Disconnection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.3 Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4 Getting started with Quick 77
4.1 About Quick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
4.2 Measurement settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
4.2.1 The frequency-selective measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4.3 Power output settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
4.4 Trigger settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.5 Rapid Fault Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5 Current transformer 87
5.1 Scope of current transformer tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
5.2 CTRatio (and burden). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
5.2.1 Testing ratio, polarity (and burden) with injection into current input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
5.2.2 Testing ratio, polarity (and burden) with a current clamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
5.3 CTBurden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
5.3.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
5.3.2 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
5.3.3 Automatic test vs. manual test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
5.4 CTExcitation (knee point) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
5.4.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
5.4.2 Automatic test vs. manual test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
5.4.3 Demagnetization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
5.5 Winding Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
5.5.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
5.5.2 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
5.5.3 Temperature compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
5.6 Voltage Withstand test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
5.6.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
5.6.2 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
5.7 Polarity Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
5.7.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
5.7.2 Carrying out the polarity check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
5.7.3 Customizing test point names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
5.8 CTRatioV (with voltage) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
5.8.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
5.8.2 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
5.8.3 Automatic test vs. manual test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
5.9 CTRogowski (ratio). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
5.9.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
5.9.2 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
5.9.3 Automatic test vs. manual test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
5.10 CTLow Power (ratio) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

4 OMICRON
 Contents

5.10.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

5.10.2 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
5.10.3 Automatic test vs. manual test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
5.11 TanDelta - PF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
5.12 Ratio with sampled values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
5.12.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
5.12.2 General setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
5.12.3 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
5.12.4 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
5.12.5 Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
6 Voltage transformer 140
6.1 Scope of voltage transformer tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
6.2 VTRatio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
6.2.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
6.2.2 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
6.2.3 Automatic test vs. manual test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
6.3 VTBurden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
6.3.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
6.3.2 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
6.3.3 Automatic test vs. manual test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
6.4 Voltage Withstand test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
6.5 Polarity check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
6.5.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
6.5.2 Carrying out the polarity check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
6.5.3 Customizing test point names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
6.6 VTElectronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
6.6.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
6.6.2 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
6.6.3 Automatic test vs. manual test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
6.7 TanDelta - PF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
6.8 Ratio with sampled values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
7 Transformer 162
7.1 Scope of transformer tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
7.2 Transformer Ratio (per tap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
7.2.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
7.2.2 Automatic Tap Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
7.2.3 TRRatio according to IEC 61378-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
7.3 Vector Group Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
7.4 Winding Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
7.4.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
7.4.2 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
7.5 OLTC test (per tap) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
7.5.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
7.5.2 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
7.5.3 Examples using the TRTapCheck test card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
7.5.4 Tap Changer Cleaner Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
7.6 Dynamic OLTC-Scan (DRM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
7.6.1 General: On-load tap changer testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
7.7 Voltage Withstand test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
7.7.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
7.8 Demagnetization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
7.9 TanDelta - PF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
8 Resistance 208

OMICRON 5
CPC 100 Reference Manual

8.1 Scope of resistance tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

8.2 Resistance - µΩ measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
8.2.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
8.2.2 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
8.2.3 Automatic test vs. manual test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
8.3 Winding Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
8.3.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
8.3.2 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
8.4 RGround. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
8.4.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
8.4.2 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
8.5 Voltage Withstand test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
9 Others 225
9.1 Scope of Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
9.2 Sequencer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
9.2.1 Defining a sequence of states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
9.2.2 Testing an overcurrent relay with ARC function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
9.2.3 Measuring a CT ratio at different current magnitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
9.2.4 Generating an intermittent high-current output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
9.3 Ramping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
9.3.1 Defining a ramp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
9.3.2 Testing pick-up/drop-off value of an overcurrent relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
9.4 Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
9.4.1 Amplifier use case: GPS-synchronized 3-phase system for end-to-end testing . . . . . . 253
9.5 Comment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
9.5.1 Form editor - text editor: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
9.6 TanDelta - PF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
9.7 Ratio with sampled values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
9.8 CP TD high-voltage source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
9.8.1 Typical test procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
9.9 HV Resonance Test System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
9.9.1 Test settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
10 Common functions 268
10.1 Test assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
10.2 The String Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
10.2.1 Template phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
11 CPC 100 in a network 271
11.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
11.2 Setting the communication parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
11.2.1 CPC 100. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
11.2.2 PC or Notebook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
12 OMICRON Device Link 277
12.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
12.2 Installation of OMICRON Device Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
12.2.1 System requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
12.3 Using OMICRON Device Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
12.3.1 Starting OMICRON Device Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
12.3.2 OMICRON File Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
12.3.3 Functionality of the OMICRON File Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
12.4 Updating the CPC 100 embedded software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
12.4.1 Updating via PTM Home view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
12.4.2 Updating software via OMICRON Device Link. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
12.4.3 Upgrading licenses via Device Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

6 OMICRON
 Contents

13 CPC Editor 281

13.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
13.1.1 Installing the CPC Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
13.2 Working with the CPC Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
13.2.1 Appending a test card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
13.2.2 Inserting a Test Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
13.2.3 Inserting from file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
13.2.4 Copying a test card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
13.2.5 Renaming a test card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
13.2.6 Saving a test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
13.2.7 Saving a test as template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
13.2.8 Deleting a test card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
13.2.9 Preparing a test offline using a PC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
14 CPC Excel File Loader 289
14.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
14.1.1 System requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
14.1.2 Installing the CPC Excel File Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
14.2 Working with the CPC Excel File Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
14.3 Template usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
15 Technical data 291
15.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
15.2 Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
15.3 CPC 100 outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
15.3.1 High-current and high-voltage outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
15.3.2 Outputs on the CPC 100 front panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
15.3.3 Output "Ext. Booster" (option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
15.3.4 Output to input synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
15.4 CPC 100 inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
15.4.1 BIN IN binary input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
15.4.2 10A IAC/DC input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
15.4.3 300V V1 AC input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
15.4.4 3V V2 AC input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
15.4.5 10V V DC input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
15.5 CPC 100 combined specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
15.5.1 Resistance measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
15.6 ePC interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
15.6.1 PC and network interfaces (CPC 100 V0 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
15.6.2 Network interface (CPC 100 V1 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
15.6.3 USB interface (CPC 100 V1 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
15.6.4 Serial interface connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
15.7 Environmental conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
15.8 Standards conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
15.9 Mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
16 Accessories 318
16.1 Test cards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
16.1.1 CT test cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
16.1.2 VT test cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
16.1.3 Transformer test cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
16.1.4 Resistance test cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
16.1.5 Earth Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
16.1.6 Ramping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
16.1.7 Sequencer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
16.1.8 Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
16.2 Earth resistance accessory set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

OMICRON 7
CPC 100 Reference Manual

16.3 Current booster CP CB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

16.3.1 Technical data of the CP CB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
16.3.2 Operation modes of the CP CB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
16.4 Current clamp C-Probe 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
16.5 CP SA1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
16.5.1 Assembly instructions for Odu MINI-SNAP plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Copyright information 329
The OMICRON Bootloader software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
IXP400 SW Release version 2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Intrinsyc Bootloader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
lwIP TCP/IP stack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
puff (Mark Adler). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
zlib (Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Support 332

8 OMICRON
 Preface

Preface
About this reference manual
The purpose of this Reference Manual is to familiarize users with the CPC 100 and its various application
fields. It contains helpful instructions on how to use the CPC 100 safely, properly, and efficiently.
Following these instructions will help you to prevent danger, repair costs and possible down time due to
incorrect operation. Furthermore, it ensures the reliability and life-cycle of the CPC 100.
Note: The CPC 100 must be used in observance of all existing safety requirements from national
standards for accident prevention and environmental protection.
Reading the CPC 100 manual alone does not release the user from the duty of complying with all
national and international safety regulations relevant for working with the CPC 100, for example, the
regulation EN50191 "Erection and Operation of Electrical Test Equipment”.
The Reference Manual always has to be available at the site where the CPC 100 is used.
It should be read and used by all people working with the CPC 100.
In addition to the Reference Manual and the applicable regulations for accident prevention in the country
and at the site of operation, the accepted technical procedures for safe and competent work should be
heeded.

OMICRON 9
CPC 100 Reference Manual

Glossary of symbols and terms

This manual uses different symbols to highlight text passages of special safety and/or operational
relevance. These symbols are listed in the following section.
In addition, the glossary lists a number of terms that are frequently used throughout this manual.

Used symbols
DANGER
Death or severe injury will occur if the appropriate safety instructions are not observed.

WARNING
Death or severe injury can occur if the appropriate safety instructions are not observed.

CAUTION
Minor or moderate injury may occur if the appropriate safety instructions are not
observed.

NOTICE
Equipment damage or loss of data possible

10 OMICRON
 Preface

Used terms
Booster Amplifier; for example the CP CB2 current booster option for output currents of up to
2000 A.
Combo box Component of the software UI. Technical term for the dialog box option that is a text
box with an attached list box, for example, a measurement table.
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; used to connect the CPC 100 to a PC network
(refer to ”CPC 100 in a network” in chapter 11).
ePC embedded Personal Computer, that is, fully-functional PC with processor, RAM,
interfaces, operating system etc. that is embedded into the CPC 100. An ePC,
however, does not contain certain features that characterize a PC, such as floppy disk
or CD-ROM drive, a hard disk drive or a sound card.
Ethernet One of the most popular network connection standards (IEEE 802.3), based on the
CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) model. See also 
NIC...
fs fs = full scale; used for determining the error value of a measurement range (for an
example refer to 15.1 "General" on page 291).
Focus The term "focus" designates the currently selected (active) part of the software user
interface: "the focus is on...", that is, the selected UI part is highlighted or inverted.
IP address IP = Internet Protocol address; used to connect the CPC 100 to a PC network (refer to
”CPC 100 in a network” in chapter 11).
LCD LCD = Liquid Crystal Display. The CPC 100 built-in PC monitor is a LCD monitor.
NIC Network Interface Card; built-in board that serves as the interface between a device
(PC, notebook, CPC 100) and the "outside world" (PC, network hub, Internet).
The NICs used to interface with the
CPC 100 are  Ethernet boards with
RJ-45 connectors.

Typical Ethernet network interface card

with BNC and RJ-45 connectors

Typical PCMCIA Ethernet network

interface card for notebooks with BNC and
RJ-45 connectors

Offline Not connected to the CPC 100, for example, "offline test preparation" means:
preparing a test with a PC using CPC Editor.

OMICRON 11
CPC 100 Reference Manual

PC Card PCMCIA network interface card. See also  NIC...

Press The term "press" in the context of working with the CPC 100 software (for example,
press the Insert Card key) means:
a) pressing a menu or an accelerator key
b) or setting the focus onto a UI element by navigating to it with the handwheel, and
pressing the handwheel to execute the Enter function
Quantity The term "quantity" designates a physical unit, such as Volt (V) or Ampere (A).
rd rd = reading; used for determining the error value of a measurement range (For an
example, see 15.1 "General" on page 291.)
sel sel = frequency-selective measurement (see chapter 4.2.1 on page 81)
Test object The object to be tested by the CPC 100, for example, a current or voltage transformer.
Trigger A trigger is an "initiator". In this case it is an electrical signal, for example, at CPC 100
binary input, whose occurrence causes direct follow-up actions, such as switching off
the output signals.
User Operational surface of a software. A user interface contains all control elements
interface necessary to work with the software.
(UI)
V0 CPC 100 version V0 (see on page 14 of this chapter)
V1 CPC 100 version V1 (see on page 14 of this chapter)

12 OMICRON
 Preface

Functionality of the CPC 100

Current transformer (CT)
– testing ratio, polarity (and burden) with injection to current input
– testing ratio, polarity (and burden) with a current clamp
– testing secondary burden
– measuring the excitation curve
– measuring winding resistance
– dielectric withstand voltage test (2kV AC)
– polarity check
– testing ratio and polarity by measuring the voltage ratio
– testing ratio and polarity of a Rogowski coil
– testing ratio and polarity of low-power current transformer
– testing sampled value ratio according to IEC 61850-9-2
– measuring power/dissipation factor & capacitance with the CP TD test set

Voltage transformer (VT)

– testing ratio and polarity
– testing secondary burden
– dielectric withstand voltage test (2kV AC)
– polarity check
– testing ratio & polarity of non-conventional electronic voltage transformers
– testing sampled value ratio according to IEC 61850-9-2
– measuring power/dissipation factor & capacitance with the CP TD test set

Power transformer testing (TR)

– ratio and polarity / tap changer test
– measuring winding resistance
– testing tap changer contacts
– dielectric withstand voltage test (2kV AC)
– Vector group detection
– Demagnetization of a power transformer
– measuring dynamic resistance on tap changers
– measuring power/dissipation factor & capacitance with the CP TD test set

OMICRON 13
CPC 100 Reference Manual

Resistance testing
– measuring contact resistance (µΩ)
– measuring winding resistance (µΩ - kΩ)
– measuring earth resistance (µΩ - kΩ)
– dielectric withstand voltage test (2kV AC)
– measuring line impedance with the CP CU1

Other applications
• Ramping, a pogrammable ramping generator and determination of thresholds
• Sequencer for automatic testing with different states in real time
• Comment card to hold a user-defined comment and/or note regarding the actual test procedure.
• HV resonance test card for the generation of high voltage by means of a resonance circuit
• 12kV HV test card with the CP TD as high voltage source either independently or with a
compensating reactor
• When using the Amplifier test card, an input signal fed into a synchronization input drives the high-
current output’s magnitude, frequency and phase angle.

Insulation tests (TanDelta)

CP TD for on-site insulation tests of high-voltage systems like power and measuring transformers, circuit
breakers, capacitors and isolators.

CPC 100 versions

Two different CPC 100 versions exist, V0 and V1. An upgrade from the version V0 to V1 is possible. For
CPC 100 V1 units you will find the text "V1" in the "Options" field of the nameplate on the right-hand side
of your CPC 100. Depending on the version, the CPC 100 is delivered with different processor and ePC
interface options described below.

CPC 100 ePC Interfaces

Processor
Version PC Network USB Serial Safety
V0 66 MHz x86 compatible × × × ×
V1 400 MHz RISC CPU ×1 ×1 × × ×
1. CPC 100 V1 units are equipped with one socket for connecting the CPC 100 to both a PC and a network hub.

For detailed information on the ePC interfaces, see 2.1.3 "ePC interfaces" on page 29.

14 OMICRON
 Preface

Related documents
The following documents complete the information covered in the CPC 100 Reference Manual:

Title Description
CPC 100 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CPC 100 test system and
relevant safety instructions.
CPC 100 PTM User Manual Contains information on how to use the Primary Test Manager PTM
together with the CPC 100.
CP TD1 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CP TD1 insulation analyzing
system and relevant safety instructions.
CP TD12/15 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CP TD12/15 insulation
analyzing system and relevant safety instructions.
CP CR500 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CP CR500 compensating
reactor and relevant safety instructions
CP CR600 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CP CR600 compensating
reactor and relevant safety instructions
CP SB1 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CP SB1 switchbox and
relevant safety instructions.
CP CU1 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CP CU1 coupling unit and
relevant safety instructions.
CP CPOL2 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CPOL2 handheld polarity
checker and relevant safety instructions.
CP RC1 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CP RC1 resonance circuit
and relevant safety instructions.
CP RC2 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CP RC2 resonance circuit
and relevant safety instructions.

OMICRON 15
CPC 100 Reference Manual

1 Safety instructions for the CPC 100 and its

accessories
► Before operating the CPC 100, read the following safety instructions carefully.
► If some points of the safety instructions are unclear, please contact OMICRON
► Do not turn on and do not use the CPC 100 without understanding the information in this manual.

1.1 Principle use according to regulations

► Use the CPC, and its accessories only in a technically sound condition. Make sure its use is in
accordance with the regulations on site and the designated use described in this document.
► Comply with the workflows described in this document. Avoid interruptions or distractions that could
affect safety.
► If you have a cardiac pacemaker, do not use the CPC 100! Before operating the CPC 100, make sure
there is no person with a cardiac pacemaker in the immediate vicinity.
► The CPC 100 is exclusively intended for the application fields specified in detail in 1.4 "Designated
use" on page 17.
► Do not open the CPC 100 housing.

1.2 Operator qualifications and primary responsibilities

► Only authorized personnel who are qualified, skilled and regularly trained in electrical engineering are
allowed to operate the CPC 100 and its accessories.
► Personnel receiving training, instructions, directions, or education on CPC 100 must be under
constant supervision of an experienced operator while working with the equipment. The supervising
operator must be familiar with the equipment and the regulations on site.

1.3 Safety standards and rules

1.3.1 Safety standards
Testing with the CPC must comply with the internal safety instructions and additional safety-relevant
documents.
In addition, observe the following safety standards, if applicable:
• EN 50191 (VDE 0104) "Erection and Operation of Electrical Test Equipment"
• EN 50110-1 (VDE 0105 Part 100) "Operation of Electrical Installations"
• IEEE 510 "IEEE Recommended Practices for Safety in High-Voltage and High-Power Testing"
Moreover, observe all applicable regulations for accident prevention in the country and at the site of
operation.

16 OMICRON
 Safety instructions for the CPC 100 and its accessories

Before operating the CPC and its accessories, read the safety instructions in this Reference Manual
carefully. Do not turn on the CPC and do not operate the CPC without understanding the safety
information in this manual. If you do not understand some safety instructions, contact OMICRON before
proceeding.
► Observe all applicable regulations for accident prevention in the country and on the site of operation.
► If you do not understand the safety rules, contact OMICRON before proceeding.

1.3.2 Safety rules

Always observe the five safety rules:
► Disconnect completely.
► Secure against re-connection.
► Verify that the installation is dead.
► Carry out grounding and short-circuiting.
► Provide protection against adjacent live parts.

1.3.3 Safety accessories

► OMICRON offers a range of accessories for added safety during the operation of our test systems.
For further information and specifications, refer to the corresponding Supplementary Sheet or contact
OMICRON Support (see "Support" on page 332).

1.3.4 Safe operation

► When setting the CPC 100 into operation, follow the instructions in 2.6 "Putting the CPC 100 into
operation" on page 70.
► Never use the CPC 100 without a solid connection to ground with at least 6 mm². Use a ground point
as close as possible to the operator.

1.4 Designated use

The CPC 100, in conjunction with its accessories or as a stand-alone unit, is a multi-purpose primary test
set for commissioning and maintaining substation equipment. It performs current transformer (CT),
voltage transformer (VT) and power transformer (TR) tests. Furthermore, it is used for contact and
winding resistance testing, polarity checks as well as primary and secondary protection relay testing.
The various, partly automated tests are defined and parameterized via the front panel control of a built-
in ePC.

1.5 Orderly measures

► The Reference Manual, or alternatively the e-book in PDF format, should always be available on the
site where the CPC 100 is being used.
► Personnel assigned to use the CPC 100 should carefully read the Reference Manual - in particular
this section on safety instructions - before beginning to work with it. On principle, this also applies to
personnel who only occasionally work with the CPC 100.

OMICRON 17
CPC 100 Reference Manual

► The person responsible for the work activity (for example a measurement) must coordinate clear
communication with all persons and parties involved in work activities on and around the device
under test, especially before injecting voltages or currents.
Risks arising from overlapping work activities on the same installation need to be evaluated and
clarified beforehand.
► Unauthorized persons must be prevented from accessing and/or activating the CPC 100 or any of its
accessories.
Note: Equipping the CPC 100 with additional visual and acoustic signaling (SAA2) may raise
awareness of ongoing test activities.
► Do not repair, modify, extend, or adapt the CPC 100 or its accessories.
► Use the CPC 100 in conjunction with original accessories only.
► Only use the CPC 100 on dry, solid ground.
► Do not enter the high-voltage area if the red status light of the CPC 100 is on since all outputs can
carry dangerous voltage or current.
► Always obey the five safety rules and follow the detailed safety instructions in the respective user
manuals.

2 kV AC,
130 V AC outputs

CP SB1

Device under test

CPC 100
CP CU1

CP TD1 CP GB1

CP CR500

Work area High-voltage area

Figure 1-1: Example of the separation of work area and high-voltage area using different OMICRON
devices

18 OMICRON
 Safety instructions for the CPC 100 and its accessories

1.6 General
► Use dry and clean cables and connectors.
► Do not connect any cable to the test object without a visible grounding of the test object.
► Before rewiring, stop the test, press the emergency button, lock the control unit, and short-circuit and
ground the device under test.
► Never connect or disconnect a test object while the outputs are active.
► Do not remove any cables from the CPC 100 during a test.
► When connecting cables to a control cabinet, be aware of uninsulated live components. Adhere to
the safety instructions provided by the manufacturer.
► Make sure that a test object’s terminals that are to be connected to the CPC 100 do not carry any
voltage potential. During a test, the only power source for a test object may be the CPC 100.
► Do not insert objects (for example, screwdrivers, etc.) into any input/output socket.
At their output sockets and especially in the cables connected to them, in operation the high-current
400A DC and 800A AC outputs generate a significant amount of heat (approx. 300 W/m at 800 A).
► After operation, wait for cables and clamps to cool down before touching them. If in doubt, wear
gloves.
► Never use the test cards Quick and Resistance to measure the resistance of windings with a high
inductance because turning off the DC source results in life-threatening voltage levels.
For this kind of measurement only use the special winding resistance test card RWinding,
TRTapCheck or OLTC-Scan.
When measuring the ratio of voltage and power transformers make sure that the test voltage is
connected to the corresponding primary winding, and the voltage of the secondary winding is the one
that is measured. Accidentally mixing up the windings can generate life-threatening voltages within the
transformer.
– For example: feeding a voltage of 100 V to the secondary winding of a voltage transformer that
has a ratio of 400,000 V:100 V, induces a voltage of 400,000 V in the transformer’s primary
winding.
On open secondary windings, life-threatening voltages can be induced!
► Make sure that when testing a current transformer by feeding a test current into its primary winding,
all secondary windings are shorted.
► Do not operate the CPC 100 under ambient conditions that exceed the temperature and humidity
limits listed at 15 "Technical data" on page 291.
► Do not operate the CPC 100 in the presence of explosives, gas or vapors.
► Opening CPC 100 or its accessories without authorization invalidates all warranty claims. Any kind
of maintenance, calibration or repair on the device itself may only be carried out by persons
authorized by OMICRON.
► If the CPC 100 or any add-on device or accessory does not seem to function properly, do not use it
anymore. Please call the OMICRON hotline.
► Unwind extension cables from their reel. Otherwise they will overheat.

OMICRON 19
CPC 100 Reference Manual

1.7 Grounding
Operating the device without PE and ground connection is life-threatening and not permitted.
► Only operate the CPC 100 with a mains power supply connected to protective earth (PE).
► Make sure that both the PE connection of the power supply and the ground connector of the CPC 100
have a solid and low-impedance connection to the grounding system on site.
This also applies to all other test devices and accessories in the test setup.
► Make sure that the grounding clamp has a good electrical contact to the grounding system on site
and avoid connecting it to corroded or painted surfaces.
► Make sure that the grounding terminal connections of all grounded devices in use remain intact
during the whole measurement procedure, and are not accidentally disconnected.
► Only use ground and supply cables provided by OMICRON.

Connect the CPC grounding terminal to the grounding system on site.

1.8 Power supply

Operating the CPC 100 without PE and ground connection is life-threatening and not permitted.
► Only operate the CPC 100 with a mains power supply connected to protective earth (PE).

Power supply from grounded grids (TN/TT)

Before a measurement is started, the CPC 100 automatically verifies the PE connection in grounded
grids (TN/TT).
► If this check fails, check the power cord and power supply.
If the error message persists, there is no intact connection to protective earth (PE).
This is life-threatening. In this case measurements are not permitted and cannot be performed.

Power supply from isolated grids (IT)

An IT grid is a grid structure where none of the active conductors are galvanically connected to ground.
In an IT grid, only the PE is connected to ground.
In IT grids, the check fails – even if there is a PE connection. This can be the case when the CPC 100
is powered by a generator. Since every operation mandates a PE connection for the operation of the
CPC 100, you need to manually verify this.
If the CPC 100 is supplied by a generator, the equipotential ground or PE of the generator has to be
grounded properly.
► If this is not possible, measurements are not permitted and cannot be performed.

20 OMICRON
 Safety instructions for the CPC 100 and its accessories

Additional information
Instead of supplying the CPC 100 from phase-neutral (L1-N, A-N), it may also be supplied from phase-
phase (for example, L1-L2; A-B).
► Make sure that the voltage does not exceed 240V AC.
► Make sure that the power supply is fuse-protected (16 A automatic circuit breaker).
► Do not use an extension cable on a cable reel to prevent an overheating of the cord; run out the
extension cord.
► Keep extension cables as short as possible to prevent power loss.
If the power supply is ≤ 190V AC, the CPC 100 cannot provide the full output power at the 800A AC
output. The same applies when an external current booster is used.
► Therefore, in order to gain the full output power, provide a sufficient power supply
(190 V ... 240 V AC).
The Ext. Booster connector is always galvanically connected to mains and active.
This also applies when no external booster is selected, the green status light (0) is on, the outputs are
turned off, or the Emergency Stop button is pressed.
► Handle the Ext. Booster connector with extreme caution.
► Only use booster cables supplied by OMICRON.
► Do not use booster cables that are frayed or damaged in any way.

1.9 Changing fuses

1. Ground the test object, and disconnect it from the CPC 100. By disconnecting it you prevent a
possibly faulty test object feeding power back into the CPC 100.
2. Turn off the CPC 100 and unplug the power cord.
3. Press the Emergency Stop button.
Wait for about 30 seconds. This time is necessary for the internal electrolytic capacitors to fully
discharge.
4. Locate the blown fuse on the front panel of the CPC 100, and replace it:
– 6.3A T (6.3 Amps slow-acting wire fuse 5x20 mm) for AC OUTPUT in 6A operation mode1 or for
DC OUTPUT.
– 3.15A T (3.15 Amps slow-acting wire fuse 5x20 mm) for AC OUTPUT in 130V operation mode.
– 10A FF (10 Amps very-quick-acting wire fuse 5x20 mm) for measuring inputs.
► Replace with identical fuse type only.

1. For detailed information about the difference between the 6A and the 130V operation mode refer to 2.1 "Functional
components of the CPC 100" on page 27.

OMICRON 21
CPC 100 Reference Manual

1.10 DC output to test objects with a high inductance

► Only use the dedicated tests for DC measurements on assets with inductive characteristics:

CPC 100 test cards Primary test manager tests

RWinding DC Winding Resistance
D-OLTC-Scan Dynamic OLTC Scan
Demag Demagnetization
TRTapCheck CT Winding Resistance Sec
DC Winding Resistance Stator
DC Winding Resistance Rotor

► Never open the measuring circuit while current flows.

► After a measurement, wait until the test device has discharged completely.
► Ground all terminals of the test object before touching the test setup.
► Short-circuit the terminals before disconnecting the test leads.
► Disconnect cables not used for testing both from the test object and the test device.

1.10.1 Discharging after tests on objects with a high inductance

After a winding resistance measurement, the CPC 100 monitors the reduction of the current and voltage
levels to zero. During this discharge process, the red status light flashes.
In the Demag test card, the discharging process is displayed as a status message (see
7.8 "Demagnetization" on page 203).

22 OMICRON
 Safety instructions for the CPC 100 and its accessories

In the other listed tests, a discharge dialog is displayed:

Figure 1-2: Discharge in progress

LED steady-on red: voltage on 6A DC output > 2 V

Note: This indicator only applies to the 6A DC output and does not include
the 400A DC output.

Note: When you disconnect a cable during the discharge process, even low voltage (0.88 V in
Figure 1-2 above) presents considerable danger as it suddenly increases to a very high level when the
circuit is disconnected.
► Do not touch or disconnect any part of the test setup until the current and voltage levels have reduced
to zero.
► If the measurement is interrupted due to, for example, an unexpected loss of supply voltage or
erroneous behavior of the CPC 100 do not touch the test setup until the energy has dissipated over
time.
Note that the length of time depends heavily on the asset under test.

1.11 High-voltage and high-current outputs

► Connect only one CPC 100 output at a time.
► All AC and DC output sockets of the CPC 100 can carry dangerous voltage potential and provide
dangerous currents. Therefore:
►While connecting cables to the CPC 100 high-voltage or high-current outputs or other
conducting parts that are not protected against accidental contact, press the Emergency
Stop button, and keep it pressed as long as an output signal is not absolutely necessary for
the test.

OMICRON 23
CPC 100 Reference Manual

For the high-voltage and high-current output connectors on the left-hand side of the test set (2kV AC,
400A DC and 800A AC, ext. Booster), only use the specially manufactured cables supplied by
OMICRON (refer to 16.5.1 "Assembly instructions for Odu MINI-SNAP plug" on page 327).
One end of the high-voltage cable has a coaxial safety plug that is certified for a voltage level of
2kV AC. The other end is equipped with a safety banana plug that is insulated with a shrink tube. When
the CPC 100 is switched on consider this part of the cable a hazard of electric shock!
The 400A DC or 800A AC outputs are not switched off by internal relays. Therefore, if a test mode is
selected that does not use either one of these two outputs, they are still active.
► If you do not use the high-current 400A DC or 800A AC outputs or the high-voltage 2kV AC output,
disconnect any cable that may be plugged in to these sockets.
► Do not stand right next to or directly underneath a connection point because the clamps may fall
off and touch you.
► The red status light on the CPC 100 front panel indicates hazardous voltage and/or current levels
at the CPC 100 outputs (red light "I" on or flashing). The green status light indicates that the
CPC 100 outputs are not activated.
Note: If none or both status lights are on, the unit is defective and must not be used anymore.
► Both of the high-current output sockets on the left-hand side of the test set (400A DC and
800A AC) usually carry a relatively low-voltage potential.
In case of an internal insulation fault these outputs may carry up to 300 V.
► Consider these outputs dangerous!
► Always lock connectors properly.
The counterpart of the high-current sockets are locking connectors.
To lock these connectors safely, insert them carefully until you feel a "click" position.
Now they are locked. Confirm this by trying to pull them out. This should not be
possible now.
To remove the locking connectors again, unlock them by pushing them in first, and
then pull them out.

► The high-current cables for both the 800A AC and 400A DC outputs are equipped with
connection clamps at one end. If these connection clamps are attached to a test object’s terminal
that is situated above your head, make sure the clamp is securely attached. Due to the weight of
the cables the clamp may become loose and fall down.

1.12 CPC 100 in combination with the CP TD

The CP TD (CP TD1, CP TD12 or CP TD15) is an optionally available high-precision test system for on-
site insulation tests of high-voltage systems like power and measuring transformers, circuit breakers,
capacitors and isolators. The CP TD works as an add-on device to the CPC 100 and is described in the
CP TD1 and CP TD12/15 User Manuals on the Primary Test Manager DVD and the
CPC 100 Start Page.
On principle, the safety instructions that apply to the CPC 100 and its accessories also apply to the
CP TD. However, the CP TD requires some additional precautions and measures. They are listed in the
CP TD1 and CP TD12/15 User Manuals.

24 OMICRON
 Safety instructions for the CPC 100 and its accessories

1.13 Handling long cables

► The entire working environment, including the power supply of the test system, must not extend
beyond the perimeter of the substation, except where this is not feasible due to the situation on site.
► Make sure the CPC 100, its cables and the device under test are properly grounded as described in
this manual.
► Before unreeling any power extension cords to supply the CPC 100, make sure the respective cable
is connected to a mains supply with protective earth (PE).
► Before unreeling any measurement, communication or interface cables of the CPC 100, make sure
no cables are connected to an ungrounded device under test.
► Extra care should be taken that cables are placed as close as possible to ground level (this practice
minimizes both electric and magnetic coupling).
► Any measurement, communication or interface cables of the CPC 100 shall be placed within an
environment, where unauthorized or unintentional human entry are avoided during usage of the
CPC 100 with any means necessary.

1.14 Disclaimer
If the equipment is used in a manner not described in the user documentation, the protection provided
by the equipment may be impaired.

1.15 Compliance statement

Declaration of conformity (EU)
The equipment adheres to the guidelines of the council of the European Community for meeting the
requirements of the member states regarding the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) directive, the low
voltage directive (LVD) and the RoHS directive.

FCC compliance (USA)

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant
to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates,
uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this
equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be
required to correct the interference at his own expense.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the
user's authority to operate the equipment.

Declaration of compliance (Canada)

This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

OMICRON 25
CPC 100 Reference Manual

1.16 Recycling
This test set (including all accessories) is not intended for household use. At
the end of its service life, do not dispose of the test set with household waste!
For customers in EU countries (incl. European Economic Area)
OMICRON test sets are subject to the EU Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment Directive 2012/19/EU (WEEE directive). As part of our legal obligations
under this legislation, OMICRON offers to take back the test set and ensure that it is
disposed of by authorized recycling agents.
For customers outside the European Economic Area
Please contact the authorities in charge for the relevant environmental regulations in
your country and dispose the OMICRON test set only in accordance with your local
legal requirements.

26 OMICRON
 Introduction

2 Introduction
2.1 Functional components of the CPC 100
2.1.1 Front panel

BIN IN ePC
Key lock
Binary trigger input with front-panel control
INPUT
Measuring inputs

AC OUTPUT
Fuse-protected 6A or
130V output

Fuses for 6A AC and

6A DC outputs

DC OUTPUT
6A DC output

Emergency stop
button

I/O Soft-touch Navigation Test

Status lights keyboard elements Start/Stop

Figure 2-1: CPC 100 front view

Note: With the CPC 100 V0, the number of test cards in one test procedure should be limited to 15 to
avoid memory problems. The CPC 100 V1 allows using more test cards in one test procedure but we
recommend not to use more than 15 test cards or more than 50 test results to keep the tests clearly
structured.

OMICRON 27
CPC 100 Reference Manual

2.1.2 High-voltage and high-current outputs

When the CPC 100 outputs high current, observe the allowed duty cycles that may apply to the selected
AC output range. For more information please refer to 15.3 "CPC 100 outputs" on page 294.

400 A DC
(4 V ... 4.5 V DC)
High DC current output
Grounding terminal

800 A AC
2 kV AC (6.1 V ... 6.5 V AC)
High-voltage output High AC current output

External booster

Mains power switch

Mains power supply
1 phase
85 V ... 264 V AC Automatic circuit breaker
I > 16 A

Figure 2-2: High-voltage and high-current outputs on left-hand side of the CPC 100

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
The Ext. Booster connector is always galvanically connected to mains.
This also applies when no external booster is selected, the green status light (0) is on,
the outputs are turned off or the Emergency Stop button is pressed.
► Handle the Ext. Booster connector with extreme caution.
► Do not use any other booster cables than the ones supplied by OMICRON.
► Do not use booster cables that are frayed or damaged in any way.

28 OMICRON
 Introduction

2.1.3 ePC interfaces

The ePC interfaces are located on the right-hand side of the CPC 100 housing. The PC and network
interfaces differ depending on the CPC 100 version as described below.

RJ-45 socket for connecting the CPC 100 to either a PC’s Ethernet RJ-45 socket for connecting the CPC 100 to a PC
network card or a notebook’s PC NIC network hub

Connector for external safety functions (see item 3 below) Serial interface connector for connecting optional CP TD
test set

Figure 2-3: ePC interfaces of the CPC 100 V0

1. For more information on the PC and network interfaces, see 11 "CPC 100 in a network" on page 271.
2. For the pin assignment of the RS232 serial interface connector, see 15.6 "ePC interfaces" on
page 314.
3. The connector for external safety functions allows connecting safety accessories for the CPC 100.
The attached plug contains a jumper, and as long as it is placed on the connector, the circuit is
bridged. If the plug is removed, the emergency stop is active.

OMICRON 29
CPC 100 Reference Manual

Serial interface connector for connecting optional CP TD test

set (see item 2 above)

Green LED Yellow LED

USB connector for connecting

OMICRON USB memory sticks
(see below)

Red LED

Connector for external safety functions (see item RJ-45 socket for connecting the CPC 100 to a PC or a network hub
3 above)

Figure 2-4: ePC interfaces of the CPC 100 V1

The CPC 100 V1 supports the USB interface 1.1 and 2.0 for connecting the USB memory stick shipped
with the CPC 100.
Note: The full functionality is guaranteed only for the stick delivered with the CPC 100.
The serial and safety interfaces are identical with the CPC 100 V0 version (see above). The network
interface is an auto-crossover Ethernet connector that can be connected to a network hub or directly to
a PC or a notebook.
The CPC 100 V1 provides the following LEDs on the ePC interface:
• Green LED lights if the CPC 100 is properly connected to a PC or network.
• Yellow LED lights if data is transferred from or to the network.
• Red LED serves for diagnosis purposes.

30 OMICRON
 Introduction

2.1.4 Functional components in detail

AC OUTPUT
Programmable AC current and voltage outputs.

Lit LED indicates that output is selected.

Figure 2-5: Functional group AC OUTPUT

1. The front panel output 6A/130V operates as either a 0 … 6A AC or a 0 … 130V AC output. The
output range and the actual values are set by the software.
In current mode 0 … 6 A, the maximum output voltage is 55 V (330 VA).
In voltage mode 0 … 130 V, the maximum output current is 3 A (390 VA).
The 6.3A T (6.3 Amps slow-acting wire fuse 5x20 mm) protects both the AC OUTPUT in 6A current
mode and the DC OUTPUT.
The 3.15A T (3.15 Amps slow-acting wire fuse 5x20 mm) protects the AC OUTPUT in 130V voltage
mode and in the 3A AC current mode.
2. The 800A output sockets are situated at the left-hand side of the CPC 100 as shown in
chapter 2.1.2 on page 28.
They provide an AC current of 0 … 800 A at a voltage of 6.1 … 6.5 V. The actual output power
(4880 VA max.) is range-dependent. For details refer to 15.3.1 "High-current and high-voltage
outputs" on page 294.
The current that flows from this output is measured internally by the CPC 100, and displayed on the
respective test card.
3. The 2kV output sockets are situated at the left-hand side of the CPC 100 as shown in
chapter 2.1.2 on page 28.
They provide an output voltage of either
• 0 … 0.5 kV with a maximum current of 5 A, or
• 0 … 1 kV with a maximum current of 2.5 A, or
• 0 … 2 kV with a maximum current of 1.25 A.
For details refer to 15.3.1 "High-current and high-voltage outputs" on page 294.
Both the voltage of this output and the current that flows from this output are measured internally by
the CPC 100, and displayed on the respective test card.

OMICRON 31
CPC 100 Reference Manual

All outputs are overload and short-circuit-proof and protected against external high-voltage signals as
well as over-temperature.
Note: The length of time a high current or a voltage can be applied may be limited due to a high
temperature occurrence of the internal transformer windings and/or heat dissipaters. This high
temperature occurrence may even be increased if the CPC 100 is operated in a hot environment or is
exposed to direct sunlight.
It is highly recommended not to exceed the typical duration time tmax specified for each current and
voltage output (refer to 15.3 "CPC 100 outputs" on page 294). If you do, and the CPC 100 develops too
high an internal temperature, the outputs are shut off automatically.

DC OUTPUT
Programmable DC current output.

LED indicates that output is selected.

Figure 2-6: Functional group DC OUTPUT

1. The 6A output provides a DC current of 0 … 6 A with a maximum output voltage of 60V (360W). The
output value is set by the software.
The 6.3A T (6.3 Amps slow-acting wire fuse 5x20 mm, situated at the front panel’s AC OUTPUT
group) protects both the AC OUTPUT in 6A current mode and the DC OUTPUT.
2. The 400A output is situated at the left-hand side of the CPC 100 as shown at 2.1.2 "High-voltage and
high-current outputs" on page 28.
They provide an output current of 0 … 400 A at a voltage of 4 … 4.5 V. The actual output power
(2600 W max.) depends on the current magnitude. For details refer to 15.3.1 "High-current and high-
voltage outputs" on page 294.
The current that flows from this output is measured internally by the CPC 100, and displayed on the
respective test card.
All outputs are overload and short-circuit-proof and protected against external high-voltage signals as
well as over-temperature.
Note: The length of time a high current or a voltage can be applied may be limited due to a high
temperature occurrence of the internal transformer windings and/or heat dissipaters. This high
temperature occurrence may even be increased if the CPC 100 is operated in a hot environment or is
exposed to direct sunlight.
It is highly recommended not to exceed the max. duration time tmax specified for each current and
voltage output (refer to 15.3 "CPC 100 outputs" on page 294). If you do, and the CPC 100 develops too
high an internal temperature, the outputs are shut off automatically.

32 OMICRON
 Introduction

INPUT
Analog precision measuring inputs

1. IAC/DC current measuring input 10A AC and DC

Measuring input for AC and DC current of 0 … 10 A, depending on the
selected test card. AC current is measured in a frequency range of
15 … 400 Hz.
For both AC and DC current measurement, the software changes
automatically between the two measuring ranges 1 A and 10 A. In both ranges
the measuring error is < ± 0.2 %.
A 10A FF (10 Amps very quick-acting wire fuse 6.3x32 mm) protects the
0 … 10A AC/DC current measuring input.
2. V1 AC voltage measuring input 300V AC
Measuring input for AC voltage of 0 … 300V AC voltage is measured in a
frequency range of 15 … 400 Hz.
During measurement, the software changes automatically between the
measuring ranges 0.3 V, 3 V, 30 V and 300 V.
For details about the accuracy of the individual ranges, please refer to
15.4.3 "300V V1 AC input" on page 309.

Figure 2-7: Functional group INPUT

3. V2AC low-level AC voltage measuring input

Measuring input for low-level AC voltage of 0 … 3 V in a frequency range of 15 … 400 Hz (for
example, for low-power measuring transformers, or to connect a current clamp).
The software changes automatically between the measuring ranges 0.03 V, 0.3 V and 3 V. For
details about the accuracy of the individual ranges, please refer to 15.4.4 "3V V2 AC input" on
page 311.
Note: The V1 AC and V2 AC inputs are galvanically connected. All other inputs and outputs are
separated.
4. VDC voltage measuring input 10V DC
Measuring input for DC voltage of 0 … 10 V. The software changes automatically between the
measuring ranges 0.01 V / 0.1 V / 1 V / 10 V.
For details about the accuracy of the individual ranges, please refer to 15.4.5 "10V V DC input" on
page 312.
Note: This measuring input is also used for resistance measuring (Ω-meter) in a range of
0.2 Ω … 20 k Ω.
For more details about Ω-measuring refer to ”Resistance” in chapter 8.

OMICRON 33
CPC 100 Reference Manual

BIN IN
Binary input for trigger signal

Binary trigger signal input to be used with a toggling potential-free contact or with voltages up
to 300V DC.
The response time of this input is 1 ms, and it is galvanically separated from all other circuits.

Figure 2-8: Functional group BIN IN

Key lock
The key lock helps you to secure the CPC 100 against unauthorized operation:

► When no test is running, turn the key to "locked" position (vertical) and remove it from
key lock:
The software does not accept any more entries and/or commands via the soft-touch
keyboard and/or the handwheel. The test cannot be started by pushing the I/O
(test start/stop) push-button.
► To activate the CPC 100, put the key into the key lock and turn it to "unlocked" position
(horizontal).
Note: Turning the key from "unlocked" to "locked" position while a test is running, stops
the ongoing test.

Figure 2-9: Key lock, shown in "enable" position

34 OMICRON
 Introduction

Status lights
The status lights indicate the operational status of the CPC 100 as a current/voltage source.

Output is switched ON

Dangerous
operating condition!

Output is switched OFF

Figure 2-10: Status lights

Green status light (0) Current/voltage source is

1. Output is switched OFF
on inactive/off

2. Output is switched ON
Red status light (I) is Dangerous operating
and/or measurement
flashing condition
process is active

If the CPC 100 is supplied by mains and switched on, and no or

both status lights are on, the unit might be defective. Dangerous operating
condition
► Contact OMICRON support (see "Support" on page 332).

Emergency Stop button

Pressing the Emergency Stop button immediately shuts off all current and
voltage outputs except for the Ext. Booster output.
A running test is terminated, the software does not accept any more entries
and/or commands.
Once the reason for the Emergency Stop is cleared and the Emergency Stop
button released, the test can be re-started by pressing the I/O (test start/stop)
push-button while in Test Card View.

Figure 2-11: Emergency Stop button

OMICRON 35
CPC 100 Reference Manual

Ext. Booster
Socket to connect an external booster, for example, the CP CB2 current booster for output currents of
up to 2000 A.
Enable any external booster in the CPC 100 software on the tab Options | Device Setup (refer to
”Device Setup” on page 56 of this chapter).
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
The Ext. Booster connector is always galvanically connected to mains.
This also applies when no external booster is selected, the green status light (0) is on,
the outputs are turned off or the Emergency Stop button is pressed.
► Handle the Ext. Booster connector with extreme caution.
► Do not use any other booster cables than the ones supplied by OMICRON.
► Do not use booster cables that are frayed or damaged in any way.

36 OMICRON
 Introduction

2.2 CPC 100 block diagram (simplified)

Ext.
Booster

Rectifier
& power
factor +
500V
corrector R
500V
2kV
500V 500V 4A
1kV 2A
Switched 2kV 1A R
mode 500V
amplifier
L
Mains
100-240V Filter
50/60Hz I 65V 130V / 6A AC
N 2kV
U O
65V
PE I 800A u
3.15A t
ADC U
6.3A p
65V / 6A DC
U u
DSP I t
(Digital
Signal
U
s
Processor)

6V / 800A AC

+
Ethernet 5V / 400A DC
-
to 300V AC
RS 232 Built-in
ext.
ePC 3V AC I
PC optional 10A AC/DC
n
10V DC
BIN IN p.
optional analog or digital interfaces
(plug-in boards)

Figure 2-12: Simplified block diagram of the CPC 100

OMICRON 37
CPC 100 Reference Manual

2.3 Built-in ePC

The built-in ePC of the CPC 100 runs under Microsoft Windows CE operating system and provides front
panel control.
This section provides a brief overview of the front panel control components.
Section ”How to use the CPC 100 software” on page 40 of this chapter describes in detail how to work
with the front panel control components, how to set up a test, execute it and save it for later use.
Via the built-in ePC, the CPC 100 can be accessed from a stand-alone PC, for example, a notebook, via
a PC network and via the Internet (refer to ”CPC 100 in a network” in chapter 11).

View selector LCD monitor

Accelerator keys Context-dependent menu

keys

Tab selector

Soft-touch keyboard Test Start/Stop

Jog-dial handwheel Up/Down keys

Figure 2-13: The CPC 100’s built-in ePC, components overview

LCD monitor
The monitor is a high-contrast gray-scale graphical LCD display with a resolution of 320x240 pixels.
Accelerator keys
Add the test card of your choice, for example, Quick, CT, VT... etc. (refer to ”Accelerator keys” on page
44 of this chapter).
View selector
Lets you select the view of your choice, for example, Test Card View, Test Procedure Overview, File
Operations or Options (refer to ”View selector” on page 43 of this chapter).
Jog-dial handwheel
Advanced jog-dial handwheel with "click" (Enter) function.
In "navigation" mode, turning the handwheel navigates you through the UI elements within one test card.
Pressing the Up/Down keys has the same effect.

38 OMICRON
 Introduction

In "data entry" mode, that is, if the focus is set onto a data entry field or a combo box, and the handwheel
was pressed to "enter" the field and to enable data entry, turning the handwheel increases/decreases
the entry field’s value or browses through the preset values of the combo box, respectively.
Pressing the handwheel corresponds to the Enter function of the soft-touch keyboard.
Furthermore, the wheel comprises an adaptive acceleration function, that is, if the focus is, for example,
set onto a data entry field, fast turning increments/decrements a value in increasingly bigger steps, slow
turning in decreasingly smaller steps.
Up/Down keys
Soft-touch keys supplementing the handwheel. Depending on the current focus in the software user
interface, pressing these keys either navigates through the UI elements within one test card, or - if in a
data entry field, for example - increments/decrements a value.
Contrary to the handwheel, the Up/Down keys change a value in fixed coarse increments /decrements
in order to ease a quick approximation to the end value. The fine adjustment is then done with the
handwheel.
Context-dependent menu keys
Soft-touch keys that directly invoke specific commands associated with the currently selected control of
the test card and view.
Since their actual functions depend on the selected view, test mode, test card and selected UI element,
the menu keys do not hold any specific text. The individual key function is displayed on the monitor with
a labelled button symbol right next to the menu key.
I/O (test start/stop)
If the test parameters are set in the software’s Test Card View, the Emergency Stop button is released
and the key lock is set to the "unlocked" position, pressing this push-button enables the CPC 100 outputs
and starts a test.
Pressing this push-button a second time stops the test.
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
Stopping a test does not shut off theCPC 100 outputs instantaneously. First, the currently
running test sequence finishes, then the test execution is stopped.
Most test cards finish the running test sequence with a predefined ramp function.
► Therefore, in a hazardous situation never press "Stop Test".
► Instead, use Emergency Stop.

Tab selector
If a test procedure comprises more than one test card, use these keys to change between the single test
cards.

OMICRON 39
CPC 100 Reference Manual

2.4 How to use the CPC 100 software

Information about the software version of your CPC 100 can be found at the Options tab System Info
(refer to ”System Info” on page 66 of this chapter).
This section provides an overview of the front panel control components, explains in detail how to
navigate with them through the software, how to set up a test, execute it, save it for later use, etc.
Note: The subsequent chapters (Quick, CT, VT, Resistance, Transformer...), explaining the various test
procedures from a more practice-orientated point of view, are confined to test-relevant issues, and
assume that you have read and understood this section.

2.4.1 The principles of test cards and test procedures

Test cards
The CPC 100 software comprises a number of test cards. A test card carries out one specific test, for
example, measuring a CT excitation curve, or testing the ratio of a voltage transformer.
A test card holds a number of user-definable test settings and - after the test was run - test results.

Test card default

Rather than repeatedly filling out blank test cards with frequently used settings, any test card with its
actual settings can be made a test card default for that particular type of card, for example, filling out a
CTRatioV test card with certain values and pressing Save As Default makes this card the new
CTRatioV test card default.
Each card of this type that will later be inserted to a test procedure will already hold these new settings.
Note: A test card default contains user-defined settings, not test results.

Test procedure
A test procedure contains multiple test cards.
The composition of such a test procedure and the settings of all single test cards can be freely defined
by the user. Within a test procedure, each test card and its associated test is executed individually in a
user-defined order.
Note: With the CPC 100 V0, the number of test cards in one test procedure should be limited to 15 to
avoid memory problems. The CPC 100 V1 allows using more test cards in one test procedure but we
recommend not to use more than 15 test cards to keep the tests clearly structured.

Test procedure default

A test procedure with all of its test cards and specific settings - but without test results - can be made the
test procedure default.
Note: When the CPC 100 software starts, it automatically loads the test procedure default.
Initially, that is, as long as no user-defined test procedure default is created, the the CPC 100 software
loads one empty Quick test card.

40 OMICRON
 Introduction

Report
For archiving or reporting purposes, or later processing, a test procedure with all of its test cards, specific
settings and - after the test was run - test results and assessments can be saved. It is then considered
a report.
Such a report can later be opened any time in CPC 100 File Operations menu.

OMICRON 41
CPC 100 Reference Manual

Test procedure template

A report can be copied/pasted to be a test procedure template. In this process, the settings are
preserved, however, the test results are deleted.
Test Card in Test Card View: Test Card Default (1)

settings settings

+
Test Card Test Card

settings
+ Test +
results
+
Test Card

+
...

= Test Test Procedure

in Test Procedure Overview: Default
Procedure

settings settings

Test Procedure Test Procedure

name.xml in Test Procedure Overview: Template
(in file system) name.xmt

settings settings

(1) One Test Card Default for each type of test card

Figure 2-14: The principles of test cards, defaults and test procedures

42 OMICRON
 Introduction

The following sections emphasize on test cards, defaults and templates in more detail. Also refer to
”Creating defaults and templates” on page 67 of this chapter.

2.4.2 Starting the software

When the CPC 100 is switched on, the operating system boots up, and the CPC 100 software starts
automatically.
During the hardware and software initialization phase, the software displays a splash screen.
The CPC 100 software starts in the Test Card View loading the test procedure default (refer to ”The
principles of test cards and test procedures” on page 40 of this chapter).

Initially, the test procedure default contains one empty Quick test card1. However, this default can be
customized according to your specific requirements with as many test cards as needed and of all types
of your choice.
By creating a user-defined test procedure default, the CPC 100 starts up loading your most frequently
used test cards already containing specific values.
To learn more about defining such a default, refer to ”Creating defaults and templates” on page 67 of
this chapter.

2.4.3 View selector

Test Card View (default view upon start-up)

View to set up test cards, compose test procedures, enter test settings, define test
cards or the test procedure default, start tests etc.

Test Procedure Overview

Provides an enhanced overview of all test cards of the currently active test procedure.
Defines the test procedure default.

File Operations
Lets you save, load, delete, copy and rename test procedures. Some of these features
call up the Phrase Editor (described at ”The String Editor” in chapter 10).

Options
Specify general parameters, such as display and regional settings, date and time,
decimal symbol, network settings, system information and the device setup.
Note: If you are using a current clamp or an external current or voltage booster,
specify these devices at the Options tab Device Setup before you start using them.

1. More about Quick at ”Getting started with Quick” in chapter 4.

OMICRON 43
CPC 100 Reference Manual

2.4.4 Accelerator keys

With the exception of Quick, pressing an accelerator key opens the according Insert a new test card
dialog box and lets you select the test card of your choice. Pressing Quick opens the Quick test card
directly.

Quick test card

select from current transformer (CT) test cards
select from voltage transformer (VT) test cards
select from power transformer test cards
select from resistance test cards
select from other test applications...
– Ramping (primary / secondary protection relay testing)
– Sequencer (primary / secondary protection relay testing)
– Amplifier card (refer to 9.4 "Amplifier" on page 251).
– Comment card (refer to 9.5 "Comment" on page 254).
TanDelta (refer to the CP TD1 or CP TD12/15 User Manual available on the
CPC 100 Toolset DVD or the CPC 100 Start Page).

2.4.5 Test card view

The Test Card View displays the test procedures. The CPC 100 software starts in the Test Card View
loading the test procedure default.
A test card inserted to the Test Card View loads the values from the respective test card default. If no
test card default has been defined yet by the user, the test card opens with preset default values.
Any test card with its actual settings can be made a test card default for that particular type of
card, for example, filling out a CTRatioV test card with certain values and pressing Save As
Default makes this card the new CTRatioV test card default.
Each card of this type that will later be inserted to a test procedure will already hold these new settings.
Note: A test card default contains user-defined settings, not test results.

44 OMICRON
 Introduction

The Test Card View comprises a number of context-dependent menu keys. Some examples are given
below:
Inserts a test card of your choice and places it after the selected test card of the
current test procedure.

Deletes the current test card from the test procedure.

Opens the String Editor. You can rename the current test card to any new name of
your choice (max. 15 characters).
Clears the results of the current test card, and thus enables the start of a new test.

Makes the current test card with all of its settings the new default for that particular
type of card.
Context-dependent menu item
(shown here: "Demag.", CTExcitation).

Note: The actual function of the context-dependent menu keys depends on the selected view,
test mode, test card and selected UI element.
To make the above listed functions visible, the focus must be set onto the test card tab
designation, for example, CTRatioV.

Inserting test cards

The Insert a new test card dialog box displays the available tests and their associated test cards
in a tree-like structure.

Figure 2-15: Insert a test card

Use the context-dependent Up/Down menu keys to the right, or the handwheel, to browse through the
structure.
Due to usability reasons, some test cards, such as Winding Resistance, Voltage Withstand Test or
Polarity Check, appear in more than one test mode, e.g., Winding Resistance appears in Current
Transformer, Power Transformer and Resistance.
With regard to their functionality, these test cards are identical.

To expand a collapsed group of tests , for example, CT, set the focus onto this group, and press
Enter or the handwheel.

OMICRON 45
CPC 100 Reference Manual

The group of tests expands and displays all of its associated test cards.
Browse to the test file of your choice, and when it is highlighted press Enter.
This will switch from the Insert a new test card dialog to the Test Card View, inserting the
test card of your choice after the last selected test card in the Test Card View.
Note: Only test cards that are licensed can be inserted.
When you purchased the CPC 100, you purchased a license for a number of test cards of your choice.
Not licensed test cards are displayed in the Insert a new test card dialog, but the attempt to insert one
of them to the test procedure results in an according on-screen message.
If you wish further information about licensing, please contact OMICRON.
You can insert as many test cards as needed and of all types of your choice by repeating this
process.
Note: With the CPC 100 V0, the number of test cards in one test procedure should be limited to 15 to
avoid memory problems. The CPC 100 V1 allows using more test cards in one test procedure but we
recommend not to use more than 15 test cards to keep the tests clearly structured.
If you need more test cards in one test procedure, we recommend not to save all cards in one, for
example, the test procedure default, but to combine a smaller number of cards to logical groups, and to
save these logical groups as test procedure templates with individual names (refer to ”Test procedure
templates” on page 69 of this chapter).
Pressing Esc closes Insert a new test card, and brings you back to the previous view without inserting
a new test card.

46 OMICRON
 Introduction

Setting up a test card

Note: Each parameter whose numerical value can be changed in a data entry field has an associated
minimum and maximum value as well as a preset number of decimal characters. The parameter value
can be changed freely within this min. … max. range.
Furthermore, each numerical value has a
• fixed precision value that is used as a step size when increased/decreased by means of the
handwheel
• a coarse step value that is used as a step size when increased/decreased by pressing the Up/Down
keys.
Within one test card, to navigate to the UI element of your choice either turn
the handwheel or use the Up/Down keys at the right-hand side of the
handwheel.
A selected UI element is entirely highlighted; it has the focus.

If a data entry field, for example, "Imax:" has

the focus, press the handwheel to "enter" and
enable the field.

As shown above, the value itself is highlighted, the unit is not, and at the value’s end a blinking caret
(cursor) indicates "ready for data entry".

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Now either
► use the Up/Down keys to approximate the value of your choice quickly in coarse predefined steps
► rotate the handwheel to fine-adjust the value in precision steps
► type in the value of your choice using the numeric soft-touch keys to the left of the handwheel (refer
to Figure 2-16).

Backspace
Esc: cancels the current action
Soft-touch keys to enter without saving
numerical values.
Prefix for negative values, for
example, angles
Enter

Decimal point

Figure 2-16: Soft-touch keys to enter numerical values

Pressing Esc on the soft-touch keyboard while entering a value, discards the entry and restores the
previous value.
When ready, press either the handwheel again or the Enter key to confirm your entry, and move forward
to the next UI element of your choice by turning the handwheel or the Up/Down keys.
Note: If a number key is pressed with the focus set onto a data entry field, this number is automatically
written to the data entry field, and the field is enabled for data entry.
Pressing the context-dependent menu key Back to Top terminates the data entry mode,
accepts all current values and sets the focus onto the test card tab designation.
Combo box

The same principle applies at a combo box, for example, :

► press the handwheel (to "enter" the combo box for selection)
► and either navigate through the list of available parameters by rotating the handwheel, or by using
the Up/Down keys.
Pressing Esc while scrolling through the list of values closes the combo box and returns to the previous
value.
Check box
Set the focus onto the check box, for example, and press either the Enter key or the
handwheel to select /clear a check box.

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List box

Figure 2-17: Example of a list box

List boxes are differentiated between read-only and editable list boxes:
• In a read-only list box (Figure 2-17), turning the handwheel scrolls from line to line.
When using the Up/Down keys, a read-only list box is treated as one UI element, that is, pressing
one of the keys exits the list box, and sets the focus onto the next /previous UI element.
• In an editable list box, turning the handwheel scrolls from table cell to table cell. Press either the
handwheel or Enter to "enter" a cell and to edit the value.
When using the Up/Down keys, the focus proceeds to the same table cell one line above or below.

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Settings page
Some test cards include the Settings menu key. Pressing the Settings menu key opens the
Settings page.

Figure 2-18: Main page with Settings menu key

The Settings page with the exception of the TRRatio test card looks as shown below.

Figure 2-19: Settings page

The Settings page allows setting the test cards individually. At the Device Setup tab in the Options
view (see ”Options” on page 56 of this chapter), the same properties can be set for all test cards of a test
procedure. As a rule, do not use the Settings page described here but the Device Setup tab in the
Options view to set the test cards. Making different settings for the test cards is rarely a good idea. Set
the test cards individually using the Settings page only in well-founded cases.
If a test card contains results, the settings cannot be changed. When a file containing results is loaded,
the Settings page can be used to view the settings of the test procedure.

50 OMICRON
 Introduction

Starting a test
Note: Tests can only be started and stopped with the I/O (test start / stop) push-button while in the Test
Card View.
Each test card represents a separate test, and is started individually.
Preconditions to start a test
1. The required test card is defined, the test parameters are set.
2. The software is in the Test Card View.
3. The Emergency Stop button is released.
4. The key lock is set to the "unlocked" position.
Pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button starts the test. Pressing this push-button a
second time stops the test.

WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
Stopping a test does not shut off the CPC 100 outputs instantaneously. First, the currently
running test sequence finishes, then the test execution is stopped.
Most test cards finish the running test sequence with a predefined ramp function.
► Therefore, in an emergency situation never press "Stop Test". Instead, use Emergency
Stop.

While a test is running, several functions such as changing the test card, changing the view etc., are
disabled.
To repeat the test, the test results need to be cleared beforehand. Otherwise the start is blocked.

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Temperature monitoring

Each test card contains a progress bar-like temperature gauge that displays the CPC 100 actual
temperature condition. When the temperature limit is reached, that is before an overheating condition
occurs, the output is switched off automatically.
In addition, if an output is activated, both the CPC 100 current consumption from the power supply and
the current emitted at the high-current outputs is monitored and, together with the temperature,
displayed by this temperature gauge. The temperature gauge’s bar therewith represents an indicator for
the remaining time the CPC 100 can output power.
Just as with over-temperature, if these limit values are exceeded, the output is switched off
automatically.
With deactivated outputs, the temperature gauge’s bar represents an indicator how much the device has
already cooled off.
Note: To reach a maximum output time, we suggest to let the CPC 100 cool off completely before
switching it on again.
Note: For each line of measurement results there is a separate overload indication top right on the
CPC 100’s screen (or in the report) explained below.
No overload indication means no overload during that step of the measurement sequence. In the test
report, "No" appears in the overload field or column.
Dotted overload indication means that there was an overload during that step of the measurement
sequence but not all the time. In the test report, "Yes" appears in the overload field or column.
Solid overload indication means a permanent overload during that step of the measurement
sequence. In the test report, "Yes!" appears in the overload field or column.

52 OMICRON
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2.4.6 Test procedure overview

Figure 2-20: Test Procedure Overview

The Test Procedure Overview lists all test cards of the currently active test procedure in a list box
showing the card’s name, its creation date and time, whether test results are available and the test card’s
assessment status.

Pressing Insert Card switches to the Insert a new test card dialog. After inserting a new
test card, the software automatically switches to the Test Card View, inserting the test card of
your choice after the last selected test card in the Test Card View.
Pressing Esc at Insert a new test card brings you back to the previous view without
inserting a new test card.

Delete Card deletes the currently highlighted test card from the test procedure.

With Save As Default, Test Procedure Overview provides a function to save the current test
procedure as the test procedure default, that is the default the CPC 100 software will start with
in future.
► To learn more about defaults, refer to section ”Creating defaults and templates” on page
67 of this chapter.
Unlike in Test Card View, where all context-dependent menu keys apply for that particular
card only, the Test Procedure Overview has an additional menu item that applies for all test
cards: whereas Clear Results clears the test results of the currently highlighted test card only
("Comment" in Figure 2-20), Clear All Results applies to all test cards, that is, clears the
results of all cards listed in the Test Procedure Overview.
After both Clear Results and Clear All Results, re-start the test in the Test Card View by
pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button.
Automatically switches back to the Test Card View, and opens the test procedure default. If
the current test procedure contains unsaved data, you will be asked whether or not you want
to save them before you proceed.

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2.4.7 The CPC 100 file system

The CPC 100 File Operations resemble the functionality known from, for example, the Windows
Explorer. File Operations comprises a File and an Edit submenu with additional menu items as well as
an Open and various Save... functions.

The highest hierarchical level of the CPC 100 file system, the "root", is named CPC 100. Below this, you
can create additional folders in a tree-structure of your choice, save tests in these folders, and carry out
file operations, such as open, save, rename, copy, paste etc. For CPC 100 V1 units with a USB memory
stick plugged in, a second tree root USB Disk is displayed as shown above.
The CPC 100 file system differentiates two file types:

name.xml A test procedure with all of its test cards and specific settings. An .xml file may
also contain test results and assessments that were stored together with the
settings as report in the CPC 100 file system for archiving purposes.
name.xmt Test procedure template, that is, a user-defined template containing one or more
test cards with all of their specific test settings but without test results.

Note: The file containing the up-to-date measurements should be saved regularly. If the test unit is
switched off, or in case of a power outage, all unsaved measurements will be lost.

2.4.8 Navigating through the file system

Select, that is, highlight, a test or a folder using the handwheel or the Up/Down keys.

To expand a collapsed folder tree , highlight it, and press either the handwheel or Enter.
The folder expands and displays its subfolders (if any) and the tests it contains.
Browse to the test card of your choice, and when its highlighted press the handwheel or Enter.

54 OMICRON
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2.4.9 The menus

Main file operations menu

Opens the submenu File (refer to "Submenu File" on page 55)

Opens the submenu Edit (refer to "Submenu Edit" on page 56)

Saves the currently open test, that is, the test card(s) previously opened in the
Test Card View (refer to Note below).
Opens the String Editor. You can save the currently open test under a new name
of your choice (15 characters max.).
Use the handwheel or the Up/Down keys to select a test, and press Open to
open it. Changes to Test Card View.
Closes the current test card(s), changes to Test Card View and opens the test
procedure default.

Unlike the other menu items, the two Save... functions of the main File Operations menu directly effect
the currently open test, i.e., the test procedure that was composed in the Test Card View, or the test that
was loaded in the CPC 100 file system beforehand.
Therefore, pressing Save, for example, does not save the test that you may have highlighted in the folder
tree, but the one that is currently open.

Submenu File

Opens the String Editor. You can create a new folder with any name of your choice.

Appends the contents of a test file (.xml) or template (.xmt) of your choice to the
currently open test.
Deletes the currently selected test or folder from the CPC 100 disk space.

Opens the String Editor that enables you to rename the current test to any new name
of your choice.
(for future use)

Closes the submenu and returns to the main File Operations menu.

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Submenu Edit

Select the test of your choice. Press Cut to put the selected test or folder to the
Clipboard. Proceed with Paste...
Select the test of your choice. Press Copy to copy test or folder to the CPC 100
Clipboard. Proceed with Paste...
Move to the destination folder of your choice. Press Paste to insert the contents of
the CPC 100 Clipboard to this folder.
Press Paste As Templ. to make the contents of the CPC 100 Clipboard a test
procedure template.
(for future use)

Closes the Edit submenu and returns to the main File Operations menu.

Note: If a folder is cut or copied to the Clipboard, the selection is recursive, that is, all of its subfolders
will also be put to the Clipboard.
Cutting or copying a test or folder, and trying to paste it in the same location, opens the String Editor.
Since a test or folder cannot exist twice under the same name at the same location, determine a new
name for it using the String Editor.
For more information about the String Editor, please refer to ”The String Editor” in chapter 10.

2.4.10 Options
Note: Changes made in the Options view are automatically saved when the view is changed
(for example when Options is left to change to Test Card View).
Alternatively, changes can be saved instantly by pressing Save Options.
Upon a power supply loss or an accidental switching off of the CPC 100, unsaved changes are
lost, and the old values are restored.

Device Setup
The Device Setup tab in the Options view allows you to change the settings of all test cards of the test
procedure running on the CPC 100 and all test cards inserted afterwards. The test cards can be
instantiated in different ways and for different purposes. Table 2-1: ”Instantiation procedures” below
displays the instantiation procedures and the associated default values.

Table 2-1: Instantiation procedures

Procedure Default values

New test card Booster, clamp and default frequency set in the Options
view
New test card saved as default Booster and clamp set in the Options view
New test procedure from template (*.xmt) Booster, clamp and frequency remain as defined in the
template
New procedure from report (*.xml) Booster, clamp and frequency remain as defined in the
report

56 OMICRON
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Because the settings of a test card containing results cannot be changed, the settings made at the
Device Setup tab in the Options view apply only to new test cards if the currently loaded procedure
contains results. To change the settings of a test procedure containing results (for example, after
pressing the Keep Results menu key or after loading a file), clear the results by pressing the Clear
Results menu key in all test cards before setting the test procedure in the Options view.
It is strongly recommended to set the test cards using the Options view. In well-founded cases, you can
alternatively set a test card individually using the Settings menu key (see ”Settings page” on page 50 of
this chapter).

Figure 2-21: Options tab Device Setup

External booster
The "External booster" combo box allows to set the external booster:
• CB2 for the CP CB2 current booster
• CU20 for the CP CU20 coupling unit
• CU1 for the CP CU1 coupling unit
• CP TR8 for the CP TR8 inductor (also used for the MTR2 matching transformer)
• MTR1 for the MTR1 matching transformer
For the default value associated with different instantiation procedures, see Table 2-1: ”Instantiation
procedures” on page 56.
Clamp & input transformer settings
When an input is not connected to the device under test directly but using a current clamp, a CT or a VT,
the ratio of these devices can be set here.
The Clamp & input transformer settings group box displays and, if required, allows you to change
settings for external devices:
• IClamp for the current clamp parameters
• CT for the transformation ratio of the current transformer
• VT for the transformation ratio of the voltage transformer
By default, the transformation ratios of the current and voltage transformers for the selected external
device are preset. For the default value associated with different instantiation procedures, see
Table 2-1: ”Instantiation procedures” on page 56.

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Default freq.
The "Default freq." data entry field allows you to enter the default frequency. For the default value
associated with different instantiation procedures, see Table 2-1: "Instantiation procedures" on
page 56.
Auto Save
As the name implies, the Auto Save feature automatically saves the current test settings in fixed
intervals. These intervals can be set in the "Auto Save" box. There are three time intervals available (10,
30 or 60 minutes), and the option OFF which disables Auto Save.
Auto Save saves all actual data to a file named lastmeas.xml. So depending on the set time interval,
in case of a system crash, lastmeas.xml may contain more actual data than the last manually saved
test. The file is created during the next booting process.
When Auto Save saves test settings, it pops up a dialog notifying you about it.
Auto Save works in Test Procedure Overview, File Operations or Options without any restrictions. In
Test Card View, Auto Save does not work as long as a test is running, or as long as inputs are measured
(for example, in Quick).
In a case like this, Auto Save repeats the attempt to save the test settings in intervals until it succeeds,
that is, until the test is finished and it can save the data. After this, Auto Save returns to the set time
interval.
Fan always on full speed
If selected, the CPC 100 cools down faster. Thus, the duty cycle can be increased.
Restore Defaults
Note: Pressing the Restore defaults menu key resets all user-specific settings made in the CPC 100
software to factory-defined defaults including:
• the test card defaults
• the test procedure default
• all settings made at the Device Setup tab (sets external booster to CB2, sets CT and VT to "OFF",
and sets the value in the "Default freq." data entry field to 50 Hz)
• the String Editor’s template strings (refer to 10.2.1 "Template phrases" on page 270).

Network

Activate/deactivate the sampled values stream communication.

This is a licensed feature for the SV-Ratio measurement, filtering
IEC 61850 messages.

Figure 2-22: Options tab Network

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 Introduction

Via the built-in ePC, the CPC 100 can be accessed from a stand-alone PC, for example, a notebook and
via a PC network. At the Network tab the communication settings are specified.
In the combo box select between

DHCP/Auto IP Configures all communication parameters automatically; the DHCP server will do
it for you or it will be done via the Auto IP mechanism.
The data entry fields for IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway and DNS are
read-only, no data can be entered. This is the recommended setting.

Static IP Configure the communication parameters manually by entering the values into
the data entry fields using the soft-touch keys.

Section ”CPC 100 in a network” in chapter 11 explains in detail how to connect the CPC 100 to either a
stand-alone PC or a PC network, and how to configure such a connection.
Once the communication parameters are configured, press Save Options to save them to the
Windows Registry.
For a change to come into effect, the CPC 100 needs to be restarted.

Supervision
The Supervision tab comprises supervision settings around the CPC 100 test system. The settings you
choose in this view serve as a default for all corresponding test cards you set up afterwards.
Note: By default and after start-up, the check boxes are selected.

Figure 2-23: Options tab Supervision

Use beeper
If selected, the beeper sounds during the entire test. If cleared, the beeper sounds at the beginning and
the end of the test only.

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Perform shield check

The shield check verifies whether both the high-voltage connector and the grounding terminal are
connected to the CP TD. In certain cases, for example when strong interferences are present during
testing or when compensating reactors (e. g. the CP CR500 or CP CR600) are used, the shield check
will prompt a false error message.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Make sure that both the high-voltage connector and the grounding terminal are
connected and that the cables and connectors are intact before deactivating the shield
check.

Perform loop check

The loop check verifies the connection to the device under test. When measuring very low capacities,
the resulting weak signal might cause the loop check to falsely state that no device under test is
connected.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Make sure that the device under test is connected and that all cables and connectors
are intact before deactivating the loop check.

HV timeout
The HV timeout limits by default the total injection cycle by using the 2 kV output with Quick in the
1000 V and 2000 V modes to restrict long unintended injection cycles. The status bar of the Quick test
card displays the time progress and the timeout threshold for the intended output modes in seconds.

Figure 2-24: Quick test card showing the HV timeout information in the status bar

Note: Changing the target value or pressing Enter on the keyboard resets the HV timeout.

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Display

Figure 2-25: Options tab Display

The "sliding" regulator brightens or darkens the monitor display and the contrast within it. Adding contrast
increases the difference in shading between areas.

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Synchronization
Synchronize up to two slave units (CPC 100 or CPC 80) with a CPC 100 configured as master unit for
testing with the Quick, Sequencer, Ramping, Amplifier and HV Resonance Test System test cards.
Note: Synchronization requires the CPC Sync plug-in card and license, and the TRC1.
CPC 100 V0 devices cannot be used for synchronization.
Sync mode:
► Set one Master and up to two Slaves

► Set phase displacement and amplitude factor of

Slaves.

Synchronization status between the connected

devices

Sync status abbreviation displayed in the test cards

Figure 2-26: Options tab Synchronization

Displayed on Status
M1 Master Slave 1 synchronized
M2 Master Slave 2 synchronized
M Master Both slaves synchronized with master
S Slave Status OK
EV Slave CPC version mismatch
EO Slave Different outputs set on master and slave(s)
Set the same outputs on all devices.
ES All No TRC1 connected
EC All Sync cable(s) error/not connected

Available output ranges in the Quick, Sequencer, Amplifier and Ramping test cards with synchronized
CPC devices:
• AC 800 A
• CB2 1000 A
• CB2 2000 A
• TR8 200 V
• Output for customized matching transformer

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Note: The output value depends on the number of synchronized CPC devices
(for example: 3 CPC devices – max. output value: 800 A x 3 = 2400 A).

NOTICE
Equipment damage possible
► When connecting devices in series, make sure that the insulation of the equipment housing can
withstand the maximum applied voltage.

3000 V

2000 V

2000 V

3000 V Device under test

1000 V

1000 V

Figure 2-27: Series connection of devices causing increasing voltage stress on the housing insulation

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Date / Time

Figure 2-28: Options tab Date/Time

Specify the system’s date and time here.

To set the time
► put the focus onto the “Time:” field using the handwheel
► use the Up / Down keys to select between hours, minutes and seconds
► turn the handwheel to increase or decrease the value
► press the handwheel to acknowledge your entry
Changing the current date and time does not require pressing Save Options.

Regional Settings

Figure 2-29: Options tab Regional Settings

Choose a regional setting for language, temperature unit, distance unit, date and time style. These
settings affect the way the CPC 100 software displays and sort dates, times, numbers and decimal
points.

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Service

Figure 2-30: Options tab Service

During operation, the CPC 100 creates a logfile with a user-definable logging level (see below).
Every time the CPC 100 is switched on, it generates a new logfile, and saves the existing one as the
"previous" logfile. This way, the occurrences of the previous and the current session can be viewed.
The logging level specifies the occurrences to be recorded in the logfile:

Logging level Records

None nothing
Error internal errors, hardware errors, operational errors, overload conditions etc.
Warning uncritical errors such as over-temperature, malfunction etc.
Info additional operational information about the CPC 100.
This setting is suggested if the operator suspects, for example, an incorrect
functioning or an operational malfunction of the CPC 100. This setting records
every relevant operational activity of the CPC 100.
The logfile can then be sent to OMICRON for diagnosis.

The default setting is Warning.

Note: The logging levels are hierarchical, that is, if logging level Warning is set, Errors are also
recorded, or if Info is set, the logging levels Warning and Error also apply.
If the logfile gets quite long, use either the scroll bar or the buttons Page Up/Page Down to navigate up
and down in the list of logged occurrences.
Clear Log deletes all logfile entries and starts recording occurrences anew.

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System Info

Figure 2-31: Options tab System Info

Displays the following system information:

Serial Number: CPC 100 serial number

OS Version: operating system with version
Software Version: CPC 100 software version
Hardware: CPC 100 hardware
The last two positions indicate the CPC 100 hardware version.
Free memory: currently available free memory (RAM)
Free disk space: free disk space

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2.4.11 Creating defaults and templates

The CPC 100 software differentiates three types of templates:
1. test card default
2. test procedure default (default upon start-up)
3. test procedure templates.
Note: Pressing the Restore Defaults menu key at the Options tab Device Setup resets all
user-specific settings made in the CPC 100 software to factory-defined defaults.
This includes the test card defaults and the test procedure default.

Test card default

Rather than repeatedly filling out blank test cards with frequently used settings, any test card
with its actual settings can be made a test card default for that particular type of card, for
example, filling out a Quick test card with values and pressing Save As Default makes this
card the new Quick test card default.
Note: The actual function of the context-dependent menu keys depends on the selected
view, test mode, test card and selected UI element.
To make the function Save As Default visible, the focus must be set onto the test card tab
designation, for example, Quick.
Each card of this type, here Quick, that will later be inserted to a test procedure will already
hold these new settings.
Note: A test card default contains user-defined settings, not test results.
In the CPC 100 file system, a test card default is not visible as a "file" (refer to 2.4.7 "The CPC 100 file
system" on page 54).

Test procedure default

The CPC 100 software always starts with the test procedure default. Initially, that is, as long as no user-
defined test procedure default is created, this default contains one empty Quick test card. However, this
default can be customized according to your specific requirements with as many test cards as needed
and of all types of your choice.
Note: With the CPC 100 V0, the number of test cards in one test procedure should be limited to 15 to
avoid memory problems. The CPC 100 V1 allows using more test cards in one test procedure but we
recommend not to use more than 15 test cards to keep the tests clearly structured.
If you need more test cards in one test procedure, we recommend not to save all cards in one, for
example, the test procedure default, but to combine a smaller number of cards to logical groups, and to
save these logical groups as test procedure templates with individual names (refer to ”Test Procedure
Templates” on page 45 of this chapter).

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In the CPC 100 file system, the test procedure default is not visible as a "file" (refer to 2.4.7 "The
CPC 100 file system" on page 54).
Step 3

Switch to the Test … and press

Procedure Overview…
to make
this test
procedur
e the new test procedure
default.

Step 2

A number of test cards

are inserted to the
currently open test
procedure.

Step 1

test card 1 test card 2 test card 3

Figure 2-32: Creating a user-defined default by customizing the test procedure default

68 OMICRON
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In the test card view, insert as many test cards as needed to the currently open
Step 1:
test procedure default.

Step 2: At the CPC 100 front panel view selector, switch to the Test Procedure Overview.

Press Save As Default to make this test procedure the new test procedure
Step 3:
default.

Test procedure templates

A test procedure template is a user-defined test procedure, and can be created from any test procedure
that was saved to the CPC 100 file system beforehand (a name.xml file; refer to 2.4.7 "The CPC 100
file system" on page 54).
To create a test procedure template from an .xml file
►go to "File Operations"
►highlight the name.xml file of your choice
►select Edit | Copy to copy the test procedure
►select Paste As Templ.
►a file name.xmt is generated.
If this file name.xmt already exists, you will be asked whether or not to overwrite the existing file. If you
answer this question with No, the String Editor opens (refer to ”The String Editor” in chapter 10).
Give the test procedure template a name of your choice (max. 15 characters), and select OK. The file
name extension .xmt is appended automatically.
In this process, the settings of the original name.xml file are taken over to the newly created test
procedure template name.xmt. The test results, however, are not taken over.
The original file name.xml remains unchanged.

2.5 Installation of the CPC 100 Toolset

The CPC 100 Toolset and its installation program Setup Wizard are stored on the CPC 100 Toolset
DVD. The installation comprises the CPC 100 Start Page, Primary Test Manager, CPC Excel File
Loader, Excel Templates (for specific applications), CPC Editor (to create and edit CPC 100 test
templates), OMICRON Device Browser, CPC 100 Upgrade Packages, Manuals and Application Notes,
Foxit PDF Reader (redistributable), OMICRON News, and Product Application Videos.
To start the installation:
1. Quit all other major programs running on your computer.
2. Insert the CPC 100 Toolset DVD into your computer’s DVD drive. The Setup Wizard starts
automatically displaying the CPC 100 Toolset start screen.
Note: Should the Setup Wizard not start automatically a few seconds after the DVD has been inserted
into the DVD drive, launch the Windows Explorer and double-click setup.exe on the CPC 100 Toolset
DVD.
3. On the start screen, click the language of your choice and follow the on-screen instructions.
Note: The selected language affects all subsequent dialog boxes and all installed files.

OMICRON 69
CPC 100 Reference Manual

2.5.1 System requirements

Table 2-2: CPC 100 Toolset system requirements

Characteristic Requirement (*recommended)

Operating system Windows 10 64-bit
CPU Multicore system with 2 GHz or faster*,
single-core system with 2 GHz or faster
RAM min. 4 GB (8 GB*)
Hard disk min. 5 GB of available space
Storage device DVD-ROM drive
Graphics adapter Super VGA (1280×768) or higher-resolution video adapter and monitor1
Interface Ethernet NIC2
Installed software Microsoft Office 365*, Office 2019*, Office 2016, Office 2013
required for the optional
Microsoft Office
interface functions
1. We recommend graphics adapter supporting Microsoft DirectX 9.0 or later.
2. The CPC 100 can be connected with RJ-45 connectors either directly to the computer or to the local network, for example, by
using an Ethernet hub.

2.6 Putting the CPC 100 into operation

Note: Before setting the CPC 100 into operation and carrying out a test, it is essential that you have read
and understood the section 1 "Safety instructions for the CPC 100 and its accessories" on page 16.
Always be aware that all AC and DC output sockets of the CPC 100 can carry dangerous voltage
potential and provide dangerous currents.

2.6.1 Safety aspects

We strongly advise you to obey the following legal safety aspects:
► Tests with high voltages and currents must only be carried out by authorized and qualified personnel.
► Personnel receiving training, instructions, directions, or education on high- voltage/current tests must
remain under the constant supervision of an experienced operator while working with the equipment.
The instructions have to be renewed at least once per year.
► The instructions must be available in written form and signed by each person assigned to do high-
voltage/current tests.

70 OMICRON
 Introduction

2.6.2 Preparations in the substation

Prior to connecting a test object to the CPC 100, the following steps need to be carried out by an
authorized employee of the utility:
► Turn off all voltage sources connected to the test object and disconnect all external connections.
► Protect yourself and your working environment against an accidental re-connection of high voltage
by other persons and circumstances.
► Verify a safe isolation of the test object.
► Earth-connect and shorten out the test object’s terminals using a grounding set.
► Protect yourself and your working environment with a suitable protection against other (possibly live)
circuits.
► Protect others from accessing the dangerous area and accidentally touching live parts by setting up
a suitable barrier and, if applicable, warning lights.
► If there is a longer distance between the location of the CPC 100 and the area of danger (the test
object), a second person with an additional Emergency Stop button is required.

2.6.3 Basic steps to carry out a test with the CPC 100
1. Verify that the substation is prepared accordingly and you comply with all safety regulations.
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
► Connect the CPC 100 grounding terminal to the substation ground.
► Use a wire with a cross-section of ≥ 6 mm².

Connect the CPC 100 grounding terminal to substation ground.

2. Make sure that the power switch on the CPC 100 side panel is turned off.
Press the Emergency Stop button.
3. Connect the CPC 100 to the mains power supply using the provided cable.
4. With the test object grounded and shorted out, connect the CPC 100 to the test object according to
your requirements.

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CPC 100 Reference Manual

5. Set up a barrier to separate the high voltage area from the safe area (see Figure 1-1: "Example of
the separation of work area and high-voltage area using different OMICRON devices" on page 18).
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
► Do not enter the high voltage area during measurement.
► Remain in the safe area.
► Before entering the high voltage area, follow step 12 to 15 later in this section.
6. Remove the grounding set from the test object.
7. Turn on the CPC 100 at its POWER switch at the left-hand side.
The green status light "0" lights up, showing that the current/voltage source is not active.

8.Set up your test in the CPC 100 software, and, where applicable, determine whether you
want to perform an automatic or a manual test.
The following chapters of this manual comprise an example for each available test.
For a detailed description of how to use the software refer to section ”How to use the CPC 100
software” on page 40 of this chapter.
9. Once all test cards are prepared and the parameters set, make sure the key lock is in position
"unlocked" (horizontal). Release the Emergency Stop button.
10.Start the test by pressing the green I/O (test start/stop) push-button on the CPC 100 front
panel.

Note:
• A test can only be started in the Test Card View and with all preconditions met (refer to ”Starting a
test” on page 51 of this chapter).
• If voltages ≥ 500 V are to be applied, after pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button for the first
time a warning message appears on the screen.
Only after the I/O push-button is pressed a second time, the voltage is applied to the CPC 100 output.
• An error message (313) appears if no PE connection can be detected on the power supply.
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
This is a safety-relevant message. If the reason for this message is that the PE is not
connected, this can cause injury or possibly death of the operating staff.
► Make sure that both PE and grounding terminal are connected.
11.If a potentially hazardous voltage and/or current level is fed by the CPC 100 outputs, the
red signal red light "I" starts flashing.
12.After testing, switch off the high voltage or current immediately with the I/O (test start/stop)
push-button.
13.If you do not use the CPC 100 anymore, turn the key to "lock" (vertical) and remove the key to avoid
anybody accidentally turning on the high voltage or current.
Note: After turning off the high voltage or current observe the status lights: only when the CPC 100
green status light is on and the red one off, switch off the key lock and take off its key.

72 OMICRON
 Introduction

14.After turning off the CPC 100 outputs, connect all terminals of the test object to ground and short-
circuit them again using a grounding set.
15.Remove the connection between the CPC 100 and the test object.
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
► Never touch any metallic terminals and housing components without a visible ground
connection!

2.7 Cleaning
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
► Prior to cleaning disconnect the device.

► To clean one of the devices described in this document, use a cloth dampened with isopropanol
alcohol or water.

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CPC Getting Started

3 Measurement setup
3.1 Preparations in the substation
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Prior to connecting a test object to the CPC, the following steps need to be carried out by
an authorized employee of the utility.
► Turn off all external voltage sources connected to the test object.
► Protect yourself and your working environment against an accidental re-connection of
high voltage by other persons and circumstances.
► Verify a safe isolation of the test object.
► Ground and short-circuit all terminals of the test object using a grounding set.
► Protect yourself and your working environment with a suitable protection against other
(possibly live) circuits.
► Disconnect all external connections to the test object.

3.2 Basic steps to carry out a test with the CPC

3.2.1 Connection
1. Define a work area and a high-voltage area around the test object and secure this area sufficiently
against unauthorized access, for example using a barrier chain and signs. See Figure 1-1: "Example
of the separation of work area and high-voltage area using different OMICRON devices" on page 18.
2. Connect the grounding terminal of the CPC to substation ground using the grounding cable delivered
with the CPC.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Operating the CPC without PE and ground connection is life-threatening and not
permitted.
► Always comply with the instructions given in 1.7 "Grounding" on page 20.
3. Make sure that the power switch of the CPC is turned off.
4. Press the Emergency Stop button.
5. Connect the CPC to the mains power supply using the provided cable.
6. Turn on the CPC using the power switch.
7. Lock the CPC using the key lock and if applicable lock the connected PC.
8. With the test object grounded and short-circuited, connect the CPC to the test object according to the
applicable wiring diagram.

74 OMICRON
 Measurement setup

3.2.2 Performing measurements

1. Remove the grounding set from the test object.
2. Unlock the CPC and verify the test setup and the settings in the software.
3. Release the Emergency Stop button.
4. Start the test by pressing the green I/O (test start/stop) push-button on the CPC’s front panel.
Note:
• A test can only be started in the Test Card View and with all preconditions met.
• If voltages ≥ 500 V are to be applied, after pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button for the first
time a warning message appears on the screen.
• Only after the I/O push-button is pressed a second time, the voltage is applied to the CPC’s output.
• An error message (313) appears if no PE connection can be detected on the power supply.
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
This is a safety-relevant message. If the reason for this message is that the PE is not
connected, this can cause injury or possibly death of the operating staff.
► Make sure that both PE and grounding terminal are connected.
5. While the test is running, the red status light is flashing.
6. To manually end a test, press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button.
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
Depending on the test, a predefined switch-off cycle is initiated after the test. Therefore,
stopping a test manually might not shut off the CPC outputs instantaneously. Most tests
finish the running test sequence with a predefined ramp function.
► Therefore, in a hazardous situation never press "Stop Test".
► Instead, use the Emergency Stop button.

The outputs of the CPC are switched off when the red status light is off and the green status light is on
.
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
This is not an indicator for a safe state as externally generated voltages and/or currents
are not within the control of the CPC.
► Never touch any metallic terminals and housing components without a visible ground
connection!
7. If you do not use the CPC anymore, turn the key to "lock" (vertical) and remove the key – lock the
CPC) to avoid unauthorized operation of the CPC.
8. Press the Emergency Stop button.

OMICRON 75
CPC Getting Started

3.2.3 Disconnection
1. Connect all terminals of the test object to ground and short-circuit them using a grounding set.
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
► Never touch any metallic terminals and housing components without a visible ground
connection!
2. Remove the connection between the CPC and the test object.

3.3 Cleaning
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
► Do not clean CPC when connected to the test object.
► Disconnect the test object, accessories and connection cables before cleaning.

► Use a cloth dampened with isopropanol alcohol to clean CPC and its accessories.

76 OMICRON
 Getting started with Quick

4 Getting started with Quick

4.1 About Quick
Quick is the most basic mode to operate all of the CPC 100 outputs in a manual-like mode with front
panel control.

Figure 4-1: Quick test card

The CPC 100 starts in the Test Card View (refer to 2.4.5 "Test card view" on page 44) with the test
procedure default. Initially, the test procedure default contains one empty Quick test card. However, this
template can be customized according to your specific requirements with as many test cards as needed
and of all types of your choice.
By creating a user-defined test procedure default, the CPC 100 starts up loading your most frequently
used test cards already containing specific values.
To learn more about defining such a template, refer to 2.4.11 "Creating defaults and templates" on
page 67.
Quick starts in "measuring" state with de-activated outputs, displaying the measured values in the
measurement table of the Quick test card.
The measurements as well as the indication of the binary input’s signal status (refer to ”Bin.In:” on page
85 of this chapter) are updated with an interval of approx. 0.5 s.
After having set all necessary parameters (more about this in the following sections), press the I/O
(test start/stop) push-button. The Quick test card enters the "on" state, the set power output value is
switched to the CPC 100 outputs, the measuring continues.
Pressing the Quick test card menu key Keep Results saves the currently measured values
and "freezes" their display in the measurement table. Both the "measuring" and the "on" state
remain active, the measurement continues in a new line of the measurement table.

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CPC 100 Reference Manual

While in "on" state, pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button terminates the test. The CPC 100
outputs are turned off, and Quick returns to the "measuring" mode.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Together with the test object’s capacitance, the leakage inductance of the CPC 100’s
internal output transformer forms a series resonant circuit. Especially at
frequencies > 50 / 60 Hz this may result in voltage superelevation.
► When testing capacitive test objects using voltages ≥ 500 V, make sure that the test
object’s capacitance does not exceed 25 nF.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never use Quick in combination with a DC output on test objects with highly capacitive
characteristics.
► Mind the danger of test object’s charged capacitance. Before connecting or
disconnecting any leads, use a grounding/discharging rod
► to discharge all terminals of the test object.
► to connect all terminals of the test object to ground and short-circuit all
capacitances.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never use Quick to measure the resistance of windings with highly inductive
characteristics. Turning off the DC source results in life-threatening voltage levels.
► For this kind of measurement only use the special winding resistance test cards
RWinding, TRTapCheck or OLTC-Scan.

Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 56) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 50.

78 OMICRON
 Getting started with Quick

4.2 Measurement settings

Measured quantities
Combo boxes to select the first and second quantity to measure. Possible
choices at each combo box:
• V1 AC • I Out
1
• V1 AC sel • I Out sel
• V2 AC • I Clamp3
• V2 AC sel • I Clamp sel
• V Out • CT4
• V Out sel • CT sel
2
• VT • V DC
• VT sel • I DC
• I AC • f V1 AC5
• I AC sel • f Out
• I Out/√2* • V Out/√2*
• V Out, I Out, V Out/√2 and I Out/√2, as well as f Out represent the measured
values of the actual output range.
Each combo box has two corresponding cells in the measurement table below
that display the measured values, where possible; otherwise"n/a" is displayed.

1. sel = frequency-selective. To learn more about frequency-selective measurements, refer to ”The frequency-selective
measurement” on page 81 of this chapter.
*) Only available with a respective license for more accurate trigger times.

Note: Not all measured quantities are available in all output ranges.
2. VT (VT sel): Measures the voltage considering the set VT ratio setting.
3. I Clamp (I Clamp sel): Measures the current considering the set I Clamp ratio setting.
4. CT (CT sel): Measures the current considering the set CT ratio setting.
5. f V1 AC: Measures the frequency of the V1 AC input.

After having pressed Keep Results, the combo boxes of the measured quantities are disabled,
that is, the quantities cannot be changed.

Calculated value
Both the items to select from in this combo box and the corresponding display at the
measurement table below depend on the selected measured quantities.
In this combo box you determine what the measurement table displays (see Table
”After having pressed Keep Results, the combo boxes of the measured quantities are
disabled, that is, the quantities cannot be changed.” on page 79 of this chapter).

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CPC 100 Reference Manual

Figure 4-2: Display of calculated value in measurement table

Measured quantities Display of calculated value in measurement table
(m1) (m2)
Ratio:1, Ratio:5, Diff:
V V Ratio m1/m2 and phase angle ϕ m1 - ϕ m2 (if phase angles are available;
else "n/a"), and differences ΔU and ΔϕU.
Ratio:1, Ratio:5, Diff:
I I Ratio m1/m2 and phase angle ϕ m1 - ϕ m2 (if phase angles are available;
else "n/a"), and differences ΔI and ΔϕI.
For AC: Z or R, X
Impedance Z (magnitude in Ω and phase angle ϕ in °) or R and X in Ω.
V I For DC: R
Resistance R (in Ω)
else "n/a"
For AC: P, Q, S
Real power P (in W) and cos ϕ, apparent power S (in VA) and cos ϕ ,
reactive power Q (in var) and cos ϕ.
V I
For DC: P
Real power P (in W)
else "n/a"
Rs, Ls or Rp, Cp:
Resistance R and either inductance Ls in H (series equivalent circuit) or
capacity Cp in F (parallel equivalent circuit) are just another representation
of the impedance Z measurement; Z is displayed in its components.

V I Using Rs, Ls, the impedance is given by:

Z = Rs + j ω Ls, where ω = 2 π f and the set frequency is used for the
calculation.
Using Rp, Cp, the admittance is given by:
1/Z = 1 / Rp + j ω Cp, where ω = 2 π f and the set frequency is used for
the calculation.

After having pressed Keep Results, the combo box for the calculated quantity is disabled, that
is, the calculated quantities cannot be changed.

80 OMICRON
 Getting started with Quick

4.2.1 The frequency-selective measurement

The frequency-selective measurement is used to filter out interferences as they usually occur
in substations. To do so, the frequency of the CPC 100 output quantity is set to a value
different from the substation’s frequency, for example, the substation operates with a
frequency of 50 Hz, the CPC 100 output frequency is set to 55 Hz.
The quantity measured back at the CPC 100 input is measured selectively, that is, only a quantity with
the specified frequency is fully taken into consideration for the measurement. Quantities with different
frequencies are filtered out according to the characteristics shown in Figure 4-3 below.
Amplitude in dB

Offset from output frequency f in Hz

Figure 4-3: Characteristics of the frequency-selective measurement

Apart from Quick, the frequency-selective measurement is also available for other test cards:

CT VT Transformer Others
• CTRatio • VTRatio • TRRatio • Sequencer
• CTBurden • VTBurden • Ramping
• CTRatioV • VTElectronics • SV-Ratio
• CTLowPower • SV-Ratio
• SV-Ratio

In Quick, Sequencer and Ramping the frequency-selective measurement is selectable, whereas at the
other test cards, it is preset and cannot be cleared.

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4.3 Power output settings

The main settings are the range definition and the value for the power output (the data entry field in
Figure 4-4 that has the focus).
The power output value can be changed instantaneously with the handwheel, even in the "on" state and
while connected to a test object.

Note: The designation of the menu keys changes

depending on the focus.

Figure 4-4: Quick test card

Range
Output ranges are available if the respective external booster was selected at the
Options tab Device Setup (see 2.4.10 "Options" on page 56) or on the Settings
page of the Quick test card.
Each range has an associated minimum and maximum value, a fixed precision value
as well as a preset number of decimal characters (refer also to "Setting up a test
card" on page 47).
If Quick operates in the "on" state, the output range setting is locked and cannot be
changed.
While in the "measuring" state with de-activated outputs, when a range is changed,
the output changes accordingly to a new value within the allowed range between
minimum and maximum.
After having pressed Keep Results, the output range setting and the measurements
settings are locked and cannot be changed.
Power output value
Current (I) or voltage (V) value, depending on the specified range (see above).
Any value between minimum and maximum as well as the explicit value 0.0 is
possible, even while in the "on" state.
The respective minimum and maximum values depend on the range and, for voltage
ranges, also on the frequency. For frequencies smaller than 50 Hz, and down to the
minimum frequency of 15 Hz, the possible maximum voltage value decreases linear
proportional to the frequency value.
Current ranges do not have such a dependency.

82 OMICRON
 Getting started with Quick

Frequency / Phase angle

Frequency value in Hz or - if "Sync w/ V1AC" is selected (see below) - phase angle
in degrees. For DC ranges this data entry field is disabled.
The frequency can be set within a range of 15.00 … 400.00 Hz, even while in the
"on" state.
The phase angle is displayed in a range of -180.0 … +180.0°, and can also be
changed at any time. If this range is exceeded, the phase angle will adapt itself
automatically, that is, change from -180.0 to +180.0°.
Sync w/ V1AC
Set Sync w/ V1AC by pressing the menu key that appears when the focus is on the
frequency/phase angle data entry field.
This synchronizes the CPC 100 output frequency with the V1 AC input frequency. In
this case the phase angle of the output is displayed rather than the frequency. Set
the phase angle value relative to the phase angle of the V1 AC input signal (we
recommend a minimum input voltage of 10 V on V1 AC, possible range 48 - 62 Hz).
The icon next to the frequency/phase angle data entry field reflects the actual
setting.
If "Sync w/ V1AC" is disabled, the frequency returns to the previously set frequency
value and the icon changes.
If Quick operates in the "on" state, the status of "Sync w/ V1AC" cannot be changed.
Note: Due to the PLL (phase-locked loop) technology, the synchronization with
V1 AC needs about 100 ms.
If for the particular test object the synchronism within the first 100 ms is relevant,
start with a reduced magnitude of the output signal. Then enter the full magnitude of
your choice, and press Enter.
This procedure assures that the high-level output signal is synchronized with V1 AC
right from the beginning.

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4.4 Trigger settings

A trigger is the occurrence of a selected event, for example, a binary trigger is the first change of the
state at the binary input.

1 2

3 4
5

1 Trigger on:
Selection of trigger event
• no trigger (default)
• binary trigger = CPC 100 input BIN IN is monitored for a trigger event
• trigger = first measurement value (m1) > set threshold value
• trigger = first measurement value (m1) < set threshold value
• trigger = second measurement value (m2) > set threshold value
• trigger = second measurement value (m2) < set threshold value
• overload = the trigger event is an overload condition that occurs at the selected output.
What is an "Overload" trigger?
At the 800A AC output, an overload trigger is a condition in which the set current cannot
be reached any longer, for example, because of an opening contact or circuit breaker.
Note: Current values < 50 A do not initiate an "Overload" when the current circuit opens.
Therefore, if you use the trigger condition "Overload", choose a nominal current value of
≥ 50 A.
Quick differentiates two "Overload" trigger conditions:
1.the occurrence of an overload (as described above)
2.the clearing of an overload condition (clearing is delayed by 100 ms to debounce).
Note: Trigger conditions with "<" are meaningful in combination with external signals only,
that is, with signals that are not coming from the CPC 100.
Reason: if the trigger signal comes from the CPC 100, the trigger condition will always be
"true" at the moment the I/O (test start/stop) push-button is pressed.
After having pressed Keep Results, the trigger event is locked and cannot be changed.

84 OMICRON
 Getting started with Quick

2 Data entry field for the threshold value.

Setting a threshold value is not possible ("n/a", as shown above), if either
• a binary trigger condition
• no trigger
• overload
was selected.
After having pressed Keep Results, data entry for the threshold value is disabled, that is, the
value cannot be changed.

3 Bin.In:
Indicates the signal condition at the binary input Bin In. 4 different characteristics are
possible:
Closed: potential-free contact between BinIn+ and BinIn– closed.

Open: potential-free contact between BinIn+ and BinIn– open.

Come:
trigger signal with rising edge occurred at BinIn.

Go:
trigger signal with falling edge occurred at BinIn

4 Delay time display

The delay time is the time between the last change of the CPC 100 output value and the
occurrence of the trigger event.

5 Switch off on trigger

This option is available if the trigger condition is either binary or overload. Else, "switch off on
trigger" is preset and cannot be disabled.
"Switch off on trigger" is also locked and cannot be changed after having pressed Keep
Results.
1. Enabled
When the trigger event occurs, the CPC 100 outputs are switched off
immediately (that is, in real-time).
The measurements are updated to show the values at the time the trigger
event occurred, and are then "frozen", that is, not updated anymore from
that moment on. Quick turns to the "off" state.
At the field for the power output value setting, the data entry mode is
automatically disabled to prevent this value from being changed. The focus,
however, remains on that field, enabling instant navigation with the
handwheel.
Pressing the menu key Keep Results saves the measured values in the
measurement table. Quick returns to the "measuring" state, the
measurement continues in a new line of the measurement table.

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2. Disabled
The CPC 100 outputs remain active, that is, in "on" state, after the trigger
event occurred. If the trigger is binary, the "BinIn" indicator reflects the
occurrence of the trigger event accordingly.
The focus remains in data entry mode on the field for the power output value
setting, allowing an immediate change of the output value.
The measurements continue after the trigger event.
As soon as the output value is changed, the display of the most recent delay
time is removed.

4.5 Rapid Fault Sense

The Rapid Fault Sense supervises continuously the 2 kV output modes in the Quick, VTRatio
Voltage Withstand and Sequencer test cards as well as for any CP TD application. An unexpected
change in the signal form will result in a direct termination of the output injection. After the Rapid Fault
Sense was triggered, you can continue with the current threshold settings, or decrease the sensitivity
limit of the Rapid Fault Sense detection.

Figure 4-5: Quick test card after the Rapid Fault Sense was activated

86 OMICRON
 Current transformer

5 Current transformer
Note: With regard to software handling, this section confines to test-relevant issues, and does not go
into detailed procedural descriptions.
It is assumed that you have read and understood the section 2.4 "How to use the CPC 100 software" on
page 40.

5.1 Scope of current transformer tests

Go to the Test Card View and press Insert Card.
Use the context-dependent Up/Down menu keys to the right, or the handwheel, to browse
through the structure. On CT, press Enter.
Alternatively, press the accelerator key to open Insert a new test card.

CT comprises the following test cards:

Figure 5-1: Inserting CT test cards

Highlight the test card of your choice either by navigating with the handwheel or by using the context-
dependent Up/Down menu keys, and press Enter.
Note: The test cards
• CTRatio (and Burden)
• CTBurden
• CTRatioV (with Voltage)
• CTLowPower (Ratio)
employ the method of frequency-selective measurement, which is used to filter out interferences as they
usually occur in substations.
To learn more about frequency-selective measurement, please refer to 4.2.1 "The frequency-selective
measurement" on page 81.

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5.2 CTRatio (and burden)

5.2.1 Testing ratio, polarity (and burden) with injection into
current input
Use the CTRatio test card to measure a current transformer’s ratio and burden with injection on the CT’s
primary side with up to 800 A from the 800A ACoutput or up to 2000 A using the CP CB2 current booster
connected to the "EXT. BOOSTER" output.
It measures amplitude and phase angle of the current (at I AC) and voltage (at V1 AC) on the
transformer’s secondary side, and calculates the actual ratio and the deviation from the nominal ratio.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Make sure that no secondary CT windings are open.

P1/H1

S1/X1

Burden
CT

P2/H2 S2/X2

Figure 5-2: Setup of testing ratio, polarity (and burden) with injection to current input

88 OMICRON
 Current transformer

Test settings

Figure 5-3: CTRatio test card with test results

Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:

Range: output range

Iprim: nominal primary current
Isec: nominal secondary current
Itest: primary injection current.
f: output frequency
Auto select check box for automatic test (default), clear for manual test (refer to page 92).

Note: If the test involves either an external booster to gain a higher output current or a current clamp to
measure I sec, set these devices at the Options tab Device Setup before starting the test.

Measure The option Measure Burden lets you measure the burden, the
Burden secondary voltage and the cos ϕ (cosinus of angle between secondary
current and secondary voltage).

Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 56) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 50.

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Three methods to determine I sec

The secondary current Isec can be determined either
1. by leading it directly via the 10A current input I AC (refer to Figure 5-2 on page 88), and let the
CPC 100 measure it.
2. by means of a current clamp that is connected, for example, to the V2 AC low-level AC voltage
measuring input (refer to ”Testing ratio, polarity (and burden) with a current clamp” on page 94 of this
chapter).
3. by selecting the check box Manual input. This option lets you enter the value for I sec manually, for
example, when I sec was measured with an external current clamp that is not connected to the
CPC 100.
Note: Select Manual input prior to starting the test. If the test card still contains results, clear them by
pressing Clear Results.
When Manual input is selected, there is no phase available. Consequently, the polarity and cos ϕ
cannot be calculated.

Measurements

Iprim: actual current output at the 800A AC output that is injected into the CT’s primary side
Isec: measured secondary current and phase angle ϕ relative to Iprim
Ratio: ratio Iprim /Isec., here 200:5.01331
and deviation of current ratio in %.
((Kn x Isec - Iprim) / Iprim) x 100%2
((200A / 5A * 5.013A - 199.99A) / 199.99A) x 100% = +0.265%
Polarity: displays the status of the polarity
OK = phaseIsec - phaseIprim = -45°< 0° < +45°
NOT OK = all other cases
1. The value 5.0133 is calculated as follows:
Isec act x (Iprim nom / Iprim act); here: 5.013 A x (200A / 199.99A) = 5.0133
2. Kn = rated transformation value, here: 200A / 5A

90 OMICRON
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The "Measure burden" option

Select the check box Measure Burden to measure the burden in VA.
Note: This option is only useful as long as the injected current I test is about of the magnitude of the
nominal current I prim.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Do not touch other taps or windings of the CT during the test. They carry life-
threatening voltage.
► Do not exceed the current specification of the CT.
► When testing multi-core CTs, make sure that no other windings of the CT are open.
Leave the secondary windings of the other (non-measured) cores connected, or
shortcircuit them if the windings are open.

P1/H1

S1/X1

Burden
CT

P2/H2 S2/X2

Figure 5-4: Setup for testing ratio, polarity and burden with injection to current input

Note: Disconnect the burden from the CT to avoid measurement errors.

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Note: For CTs that have a hole rather than a primary busbar just loop the high-current cable through the
hole and connect the high-current clamps together.

Figure 5-5: CTRatio test card with selected "Measure burden" option and test results

Additional measurements when "Measure burden" is selected

Vsec: measured secondary voltage and phase angle relative to Iprim

Burden: burden in VA: Isec nom × (Vsec act × Isec nom/Isec act)
cos ϕ cosine of angle between Isec and Vsec

Automatic test vs. manual test

1. Option "Manual input" clear1

Automatic test
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
► The test current increases from 0A to Itest in a ramp characteristic within 1 second. Then Itest is kept
for a period of 2.4 seconds, and the measurements are taken. Next, the ramp decreases again within
0.3 seconds.
► The automatic test stops by itself, it can now be assessed.
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test current Itest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "I test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
Note: A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing
either Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted
using the handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.

1. Refer to ”Three methods to determine I sec” on page 90 of this chapter.

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► Now the measurements are taken and displayed.

► To save the measurement press Keep Results (pressing the I/O push-button has the same effect).
The last measured values are "frozen", the test can now be assessed.
► Stop the manual test by pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button.
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.

2. Option "Manual input" selected

Note: Select Manual input prior to starting the test. If the test card still contains results, clear them by
pressing Clear Results.
When Manual input is selected, there is no phase available. Consequently, neither the polarity nor the
phase angle nor cos ϕ can be calculated.
Since an automatic test only lasts a very short period of time, and a manual measurement is rather
difficult, an automatic test with a manual measurement is not useful. Therefore, this Reference Manual
will not cover this subject.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test current Itest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "I test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► Iprim is measured and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results.
► Navigate to the Isec entry field.
► Enter the measured Isec value either by turning the handwheel or by entering this value with the
numerical keys, and press Enter or the handwheel to acknowledge your setting.
► The ratio is calculated and displayed.
► To stop the manual test, press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button. The test can now be assessed.
► Alternatively, it is possible to enter the manually measured value into the test card after the test was
stopped (for example, if the measurement was carried out at a remote location).
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
► To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.

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5.2.2 Testing ratio, polarity (and burden) with a current clamp

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Do not touch other taps or windings of the CT during the test. They carry life-
threatening voltage.
► Do not exceed the current specification of the CT.
► When testing multi-core CTs, make sure that no other windings of the CT are open.
Leave the secondary windings of the other (non-measured) cores connected, or
shortcircuit them if the windings are open.

To measure Isec, a current clamp can be connected to, for example, the I AC/DC current measuring
input (as shown in Figure 5-6 below).
Note: If a current clamp is used to measure I sec, select the corresponding check box on the test card,
and specify the current clamp at the Options tab Device Setup (recommended) or on the Settings
page.

P1/H1
S1/X1

Burden
CT
C-Probe 1

P2/H2 S2/X2

Figure 5-6: Setup for testing ratio, polarity (and burden) with a current clamp

The test itself is carried out in the same way as the test described at ”Testing ratio, polarity (and burden)
with injection into current input” on page 88 of this chapter. Please refer to this section.

94 OMICRON
 Current transformer

Note: We recommend to use a current clamp with voltage output to be connected to the V2 AC input.
Note: Due to cross-talk between the measuring inputs V1 AC and V2 AC on earlier CPC 100 devices,
we suggest not to connect a current clamp to the input V2 AC. This issue was solved for devices with
serial number starting from KFxxxx (serial numbers are alphabetical in ascending order!). However, a
hardware upgrade is available for older devices before this series. For further information, please contact
your local sales partner.

5.3 CTBurden
Use the CTBurden test card to measure a current transformer’s secondary burden with AC current
injection into the load (up to 6A).
To do so, open the circuit as shown in Figure 5-7, and inject the AC current from the CPC 100
6A ACoutput into the burden.
The I AC input measures the current that flows into the burden, and the V1 AC input measures the
voltage at the burden.
From these measurements, the burden (in VA) and the power factor cos ϕ are calculated.
This is the preferred method in cases when the current of max. 800A that the CPC 100 can feed into the
CT’s primary side is not sufficient.
Note: Disconnect burden from the CT to avoid measurement errors

P1/H1

S1/X1

Burden
CT

P2/H2 S2/X2

Figure 5-7: Setup for a CT burden measurement

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5.3.1 Test settings

Figure 5-8: CTBurden test card with test results

Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:

Isec: nominal secondary current

Itest: secondary injection current from 6A AC output
f: output frequency
Auto select check box for automatic test (default), clear for manual test (refer to page 97).

Selecting the check box Manual input lets you enter the value for Vsec manually, for
example, when Vsec was measured with an external volt meter rather than at input V1 AC.

5.3.2 Measurements
Isec: actual secondary current, measured via input I AC
Vsec: secondary voltage at the burden, measured at input V1 AC, and phase angle ϕ relative
to Isec
Burden: burden in VA: Isec nom × (Vsec act × Isec nom/Isec act)
cos ϕ cosine of phase angle ϕ

96 OMICRON
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5.3.3 Automatic test vs. manual test

1. Option "Manual input" clear
Automatic test
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
► The test current increases in a ramp characteristic from 0A to Itest within 1 second. Then Itest is kept
and injected for a period of 2.4 seconds, the measurements are taken. Next, the ramp decreases
again within 0.3 seconds.
► The automatic test stops by itself, it can now be assessed.
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test current Itest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "I test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► Now the measurements are taken and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results (pressing the I/O push-button has the same effect).
The last measured values are "frozen", and can now be assessed.
► Stop the manual test by pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button. The test can now be
assessed.
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.

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2. Option "Manual input" selected

Note: Select Manual input prior to starting the test. If the test card still contains results, clear them by
pressing Clear Results. When Manual input is selected, there is no phase available. Consequently,
neither the phase angle ϕ nor cos ϕ can be calculated. Since an automatic test only lasts a very short
period of time, and a manual measurement is rather difficult, an automatic test with a manual
measurement is not useful. Therefore, this Reference Manual will not cover this subject.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test current Itest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "I test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► Isec is measured and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results.
► Navigate to the "Vsec:" entry field
► Enter the measured Vsec value either by turning the handwheel or by entering this value with the
numerical keys, and press Enter or the handwheel to acknowledge your setting.
► Now the burden is calculated and displayed.
► To stop the manual test, press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button. The test can now be assessed.
► Alternatively, it is possible to enter the manually measured value into the test card after the test was
stopped (for example, if the measurement was carried out at a remote location).
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
► To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.

98 OMICRON
 Current transformer

5.4 CTExcitation (knee point)

Use the CTExcitation test card to record the excitation curve of a current transformer. This test performs
an automatic injection of a test voltage of up to 2kV to the current transformer’s secondary side.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Feeding test voltage to a tap of a CT can cause life-threatening voltages on other taps
and windings.
► Make sure that no secondary CT windings are open.

P1/H1

S1/X1

Burden
CT

P2/H2 S2/X2

Figure 5-9: Setup for recording a CT excitation curve

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5.4.1 Test settings

Figure 5-10: Blank CTExcitation test card

► Navigate to the parameter fields for "Imax:", "Vmax:" and "f:", and enter the values according to your
test requirements.
► Select check box "Auto" for automatic test (default), clear it for manual test (refer to page 101).
► Set the focus onto the combo box underneath "I:".
► The options of this combo box let you determine the method for the knee point calculation:

IEC/BS According to IEC 60044-1, the knee point is defined as the point on the curve where a
voltage increment of 10% increases the current by 50%.
ANSI 45° According to IEEE C57.13, the knee point is the point where, with a double logarithmic
representation, the tangent line to the curve forms a 45° angle.
Applies to current transformer cores without an air gap.
ANSI 30° Like ANSI 45° but forming a 30° angle.
Applies to current transformer cores with an air gap.

Once the test is finished and the knee point calculated according to the selected method, it is possible
to switch between IEC/BS, ANSI 45° and ANSI 30°. The knee point is recalculated accordingly.
Noise suppression: Select if you see unsteadiness and jumps in the CT excitation curve. The
unsteadiness or jumps can occur due to noise or disturbance during the measurement.
If noise suppression is selected, the measurement is done with a different frequency.
If fnom ≥ 60 Hz -> ftest = fnom - 10 Hz.
If fnom < 60 Hz -> ftest = fnom + 10 Hz.
The voltage will then be calculated back to fnom (V = Vmeas * fnom/ftest). With fnom < 60 Hz, the maximum
test voltage is reduced up to 20% and with fnom ≥ 60 Hz, the maximum test voltage is increased up to
16%. The exciting current will not be corrected as the influence is very small.
Note: According to the standards, the CTExcitation test card measures the rectified mean value (rmv)
of the voltage, however, during the measurement the rms voltages are set. The rmv and rms values can
differ considerably when the CT is in saturation.

100 OMICRON
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5.4.2 Automatic test vs. manual test

Automatic test
Selecting Auto increases and decreases the test voltage in a ramp characteristic, and places test points
in an adaptive way to determine the knee point.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
► The range from Vmin to Vmax is swept through, which is indicated by the crosshair cursor in the
graphics.
► The software places test points between Vmax and Vmin in a heuristic manner to calculate the knee
point with an adequate accuracy.
► The graph1 displays these test points as markers. A test point is a voltage-current value pair.
► The automatic test stops by itself, it can now be assessed.

Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test voltage Vtest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "V:" entry field.
► Set the first value of your choice (rms value) either by turning the handwheel or by entering this value
with the numerical keys.
Note: When using the handwheel, make sure not to increase the amplitude too fast since this may
shortly exceed the set value I max. Turn the handwheel slowly.
► "I:" shows the corresponding current value and indicates it with the crosshair cursor in the graphics.
► Press Add Point to add the test point to the graph.
► Repeat this procedure for all additional test points.
► The points you set are automatically connected (interpolated) with linear line segments.
► Press Remove Last P. to undo the adding of the last test point. Press the key repeatedly to remove
more than one point.
► Press Remove All to clear all points at once. This does not terminate the test but lets you set new
test points.
► Once all test points are set, press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to stop the manual test. The
knee point is calculated, and its values are displayed at "Iknee:" and "Vknee:".
► The test can now be assessed.

1. V over I graph, X and Y axes with a double logarithmic scale

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Both cases, an automatic stop after the test and stopping the test manually during the sweep, reduce
the test voltage to the minimum (Vmin) within approx. 1s of time, and demagnetize the transformer core.

Figure 5-11: CTExcitation test card - test points set in automatic test mode

The graph displays the test results in form of an interpolated curve with test point markers.
Turn the handwheel to set the focus onto the graph, and press it. This will bring up a crosshair cursor
that lets you navigate through the list of test points by using the keys Previous Point and Next Point.
Turning the handwheel has the same effect. The fields "V:" and "I:" display the value pair of each test
point.

Figure 5-12: CTExcitation test card - using the crosshair cursor

The final step of the test is the test assessment.

To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.

102 OMICRON
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5.4.3 Demagnetization
Both direct currents (DC) or unsymmetrical AC currents (for example, asymmetries when the CT is
switched off) can cause a residual induction in CT cores. Residual induction can result in an high
increase of the ratio error.
To reduce the residual induction to zero, the CT cores should be demagnetized after all CT tests with
DC, for example, after a measurement of the CT winding resistance, or the measurement of the contact
resistances of the primary circuit.
Also demagnetize the core before carrying out ratio measurements.
If the limit values for current and voltage (Imax and Vmax) at the CTExcitation test card are high
enough to bring the core into saturation during the recording of an excitation curve, slowly decreasing
the testing voltage demagnetizes the CT automatically.
Demagnetization can also be done without recording an excitation curve by pressing the Demag. button.

5.5 Winding Resistance

Note: Some test cards are available in more than one test mode. For example, the test card RWinding
can be selected in CT, Resistance and Transformer.
This is solely related to usability. With regard to functionality, the test card RWinding is identical in all
test modes.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Injecting direct current into test objects with inductive characteristics will charge the
winding of the test object.
► Follow instructions below.
► Refer to chapter 1.10 "DC output to test objects with a high inductance" on page 22.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Do not exceed the current specification of the CT
► Never open the measuring circuit while current flows.
► Make sure that no other secondary windings are open.
► After a measurement, wait until the CPC 100 has discharged completely.
► Before disconnecting from the CPC 100, connect the device under test on both ends
to protective earth.
► Short-circuit the winding under test before disconnecting the test leads.

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Use the test card RWinding to measure the resistance of a current transformer’s secondary winding. To
do so, open the circuit as shown in Figure 5-14, and inject DC current from the CPC 100 6A DC output
into the transformer’s secondary winding. Currents higher than 6 A are not needed for measuring CTs.

WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
It is recommended to perform all winding resistance measurements with the CP SA1
connected to the CPC 100 V DC input sockets to protect yourself and the CPC 100 from
high-voltage hazards.
► The CP SA1 must be used for measurements using the 400A DC output.
► Before disconnecting the test leads, short-circuit the transformer’s terminals first and
then remove the wirings to the CPC 100.

Before using the CP SA1, you can check its functionality by following the test procedure in 16.5 "CP
SA1" on page 325. If the CP SA1 is defective, contact OMICRON.
V DC input measures the voltage generated at the transformer’s secondary winding. From that value the
winding resistance is calculated.
Due to the significant time span needed for the transformer’s inductance to reach its saturation, this test
evaluates the deviation of measured values within a time interval of 10 seconds. The winding resistance
is continually measured and stored in the CPC 100 internal memory. The calculated difference between
the maximum and minimum measured values in % within the last 10 seconds is displayed.
Furthermore this test comprises the option to take a temperature compensation for copper (Cu) and
aluminum (Al) into consideration (refer to page 107).

104 OMICRON
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5.5.1 Test settings

Figure 5-13: RWinding test card with test results

► Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:

Range: output range (Use the 6A DC output for measuring CTs.)

Auto: select check box for automatic test (default), clear for manual test
Itest: nominal test current
R min: calculated minimum winding resistance value (display only). Depends on the value of
the nominal test current and the measuring range:
– 400A DC: Rmin = 0.2mV / Itest
– 6A DC: Rmin = 0.2mV / Itest
– V DC (2-wire): Rmin = 0.2 Ω
R max: calculated maximum winding resistance value (display only). Depends on the value of
the nominal test current and the measuring range:
– 400A DC: Rmax = 5V / Itest.
– 6A DC: Rmax = 10V / Itest.
– V DC (2-wire): Rmax = 20kΩ

Note: The transformer’s core is magnetized after the measurement. Demagnetization can be done using
the CTExcitation test card (see ”CTExcitation (knee point)” on page 99 of this chapter).

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P1/H1
S1/X1

Burden
CT

S2/X2

P2/H2

CP SA1

Figure 5-14: Setup for a winding resistance test

5.5.2 Measurements
IDC: actual test current from 6A DC output or 400A DC output
VDC: voltage that IDC generates at the transformer’s secondary winding, measured at V DC
input
R meas: transformer’s winding resistance, calculated from VDC / IDC
Time: total elapsed test time
Dev: deviation in % between the maximum and the minimum measured values evaluated
within the last 10 seconds of the measurement. The results are considered stable if
Dev < 0.1%.

Note: The VDC voltage is limited to 10 V. If n/a appears in the VDC box, decrease the test current to
lower the voltage generated at the transformer’s secondary winding below 10 V.

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5.5.3 Temperature compensation

Option selected:
Provides two more parameters to enter:

T meas: ambient temperature

T ref: operating temperature of test object, that is, the current transformer’s secondary winding

Depending on these two parameters, the reference resistance (R ref, temperature-compensated winding
resistance) is calculated:

Material in Centigrade in Fahrenheit

V DC 235 + T ref V DC 391 + T ref

R ref = ----------- × ----------------------------- R ref = ----------- × -----------------------------
Copper I DC 235 + T meas I DC 391 + T meas
Tmeas, Tref: [°C] Tmeas, Tref: [°F]

V DC 225 + T ref V DC 373 + T ref

R ref = ----------- × ----------------------------- R ref = ----------- × -----------------------------
Aluminum I DC 225 + T meas I DC 373 + T meas
Tmeas, Tref: [°C] Tmeas, Tref: [°F]

Note: Formulas according to IEC 60076-1.

Option cleared:
For the winding resistance measurement there is no temperature compensation taken into
consideration.
► Once all settings are defined, press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
► When the measurements are taken, finish the test by assessing it.
► To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.

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5.6 Voltage Withstand test

Note: Some test cards are available in more than one test mode. For example, the test card VWithstand
can be selected in CT, VT, Resistance and Transformer.
This is solely related to usability. With regard to functionality, the test card VWithstand is identical in all
test modes.
Use the test card VWithstand to measure the voltage withstand capability of the secondary winding and
secondary wiring.
To do so, disconnect the burden. As shown in Figure 5-15, connect one cable of the 2kV output to the
transformer’s secondary (1S1) winding connection and the other cable to earth and the transformer’s
primary connection (P1). Open the secondary ground connection and ground the burden for safety
reasons.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Do not touch any terminals of the CT during the test. They carry life-threatening
voltage.
► Disconnect all burdens from the CT.

P1/H1
S1/X1

Burden
CT

P2/H2 S2/X2

Figure 5-15: Setup for a voltage withstand test

108 OMICRON
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5.6.1 Test settings

Figure 5-16: VWithstand test card with test results

Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:

Vtest: nominal test voltage (2kV max.)

f: output frequency
Time: time span Vtest is applied to the output

Option "Switch off on IAC>"

Select this combo box and specify a current threshold to turn off the voltage withstand test automatically
if this value is exceeded.
If the combo box is clear (default), I AC is measured, however, there is no current threshold to turn off
the voltage withstand test automatically if this value is exceeded. The data entry field cannot be
accessed.

Option "Auto"
Select this combo box and specify a duration time for the voltage withstand test to run (default = 60
seconds). After this time, the test is turned off automatically.
Clear this combo box if you prefer to either turn off the test manually, or have it turned off by the option
"Switch off on I AC>" without a duration time involved.
Note: If both options "Switch off on I AC>" and "Auto" are selected, they act as an OR operation, that is,
whatever occurs first will turn off the voltage withstand test.

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5.6.2 Measurements
VAC: injected voltage from 2kV AC output at the time the test turned off
IAC: measured current between the transformer’s primary and secondary windings at the
time the test turned off
Imax: maximum measured current between primary and secondary winding during the entire
test cycle

Once all settings are defined, press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
The test voltage increases in a ramp characteristic from 0V to Vtest. Vtest is then applied to the output
for the specified time span. The measurements are continuously taken. Afterwards Vtest decreases in
a ramp characteristic.
When the measurements are taken, finish the test by assessing it.
To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.

110 OMICRON
 Current transformer

5.7 Polarity Check

Note: Some test cards are available in more than one test mode. For example, the PolCheck test card
can be selected in CT and VT.
This is solely related to usability. With regard to functionality, the Polarity Check test card is identical in
all test modes.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Do not exceed the current specification of the CT.
► Make sure that no secondary CT windings are open.

Use the PolCheck test card to check a series of test points for correct polarity.
To do so, the CPC 100 injects a special polarity test signal at a certain location. This signal can either
be a voltage or a current signal from the CPC 100, and has a signal characteristic similar to a saw-tooth
signal with a different steepness for the rising and the falling slope.
The polarity check itself is then done with the accessory CPOL2, a portable easy-to-use polarity checker.

P1/H1
S1/X1 S1 S1
2

2
OL

OL
CP

CP

The CPC 100

injects a special S2 S2
polarity check
signal S2/X2
P2/H2

green LED red LED

 
polarity checker polarity checker
CPOL2 CPOL2

Figure 5-17: Illustrated setup for a polarity check

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 If CPOL2 detects the same signal characteristic at a test point, it considers the polarity as
OK, and lights up the green LED.

 If the signal characteristic is inverted or distorted, CPOL2 considers the polarity not OK, and
lights up the red LED.

 +  If CPOL2 detects a signal that is too low, both LEDs light up at the same time. Remedy:
increase the signal magnitude.
► If you are not quite certain whether your measurement is correct, you can confirm it by reversing the
probes of the CPOL2. In that case, the other LED should light up.

CPOL2 battery
 +  If the capacity of the CPOL2’s battery decreases to a certain level, the LED start flashing. As
flashing long as the LED are flashing, the CPOL2’s battery provides sufficient power to continue
working. However, the battery should be changed as soon as possible.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Handle with extreme caution: The measurement circuit may carry life-threatening
voltages. Only touch the measurement setup with the CPOL2 measurement tips and
comply with the instruction stated in the CPOL2 User Manual.
► If you detect a wrong polarity in the current path, turn off the CPC 100 first, and only
then disconnect the terminals.
► Never operate the CPOL2 with an open battery compartment. A dangerous voltage
level may occur in the battery compartment if the CPOL2’s probe touches a test point
with high-voltage potential.

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5.7.1 Test settings

Figure 5-18: PolCheck test card with test points

Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:

Range: output range

Ampl.: amplitude of polarity check output signal. Any value between the minimum and maximum of
the selected range is possible.

Select the option "Intermittent" to define a pulse duty cycle for the output signal:

T on: time span the signal is applied to the output

T off: time span the signal output is paused
A Ton/Toff ratio of 2.000s/9.000 s means the signal is applied for 2 seconds, then paused
for 9 seconds. After that the cycle repeats.

Clear the option Intermittent to apply the polarity check output signal continuously.
Note: Please observe the allowed duty cycles that may apply to the selected AC output
range. The allowed pulse duty cycle, that is, the typical time tmax, depends on the selected
range, the ambient temperature, the operating conditions of the CPC 100 etc.
For more information please refer to 15.3 "CPC 100 outputs" on page 294.
Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 56) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 50.

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5.7.2 Carrying out the polarity check

1. Define the first set of parameters, and press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test
2. The CPC 100 now applies the polarity check signal with the specified parameters to the output.
3. Now carry out the polarity check at the test point of your choice using the CPOL2.
4. Add the first test point to the test point table by pressing "New Result".
The column "Location" displays a default name "Point 1", and a "n/a" in the column "Assessment"
shows that no assessment was done yet.
5. If you need multiple test points, repeat items 3 - 4 as often as needed.
6. For the assessment there are two alternatives:
a) assess each test point right away as it is entered
b) or add all test points needed, stop the test, and then do the assessment test point for test point.
To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.
7. Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to stop the test.
Note: Alternatively it is possible to enter test points after the test was stopped (for example, if the
measurement was carried out at a remote location).

5.7.3 Customizing test point names

Figure 5-19: Highlighting a test point changes the context-dependent menu keys

► Highlight the test point of your choice by turning the handwheel.

► Press Edit Location to open the String Editor
► Use the String Editor functionality (refer to ”The String Editor” in chapter 10) to specify a name of your
choice for the selected test point.

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5.8 CTRatioV (with voltage)

Use the CTRatioV test card to measure a current transformer’s ratio. To do so, from the 2kV AC output
feed a voltage of up to 500V to the transformer’s secondary side.
The preferred method for CT ratio measurement is current injection using the CTRatio test card.
However, on CTs such as some GIS CTs or bushing CTs on power transformers where the primary
current path is not accessible, the method described in this section is the only solution.
Both the amplitude of the injected test voltage as well as amplitude and phase angle of the voltage on
the transformer’s primary side are measured. The measurements taken are the basis for the calculation
of the actual ratio and the deviation from the nominal ratio.
To measure the CT ratio using the CTRatioV test card, connect the 2kV AC output to the CT’s
secondary winding and the V2 AC input to the main conductors, for example, on a power transformer to
the transformer’s bushings of different phases.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Feeding test voltage to a tap of a CT can cause life-threatening voltages on other taps
and windings.
► Do not touch tapped windings.
► Make sure that no secondary windings are open.

P1/H1

S1/X1
Burden

CT

P2/H2 S2/X2

Figure 5-20: Setup for testing the ratio and polarity by measuring the voltage ratio

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5.8.1 Test settings

Figure 5-21: CTRatioV test card with test results

Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:

Iprim: nominal primary current

Isec: nominal secondary current
Vtest: secondary inception voltage
f: output frequency
Auto: select check box for automatic test (default), clear for manual test (refer to page 117).

Note: If the transformer’s knee point voltage is approximated or exceeded due to the transformer’s
saturation, the measurement results are not correct anymore. If the knee point is extensively exceeded,
the transformer can even be damaged.
Therefore, the knee point voltage should be known or measured beforehand.
Generally, to set the test voltage to 75% of the knee-point voltage is a good choice.
The frequency should be set 15 to 20 Hz off the mains frequency to avoid interferences by life systems
in the neighborhood.

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5.8.2 Measurements
Vsec: actual output at the 2kV AC output that is injected to the CT’s secondary side
Vprim: measured voltage on CT’s primary side and phase angle ϕ relative to Vsec
Iout measured current from Vsec output
Ratio: ratio Iprim /Isec, here 200:5.01341
and deviation of current ratio in %. Formula:

((Kn x Vprim - Vsec) / Vsec) x 100%2

((200A / 5A * 1.2536V - 50.010V) / 50.010V) x 100% = +0.268%
Polarity: displays the status of the polarity
OK= phaseVprim - phaseVsec = -45° < 0° < 45°
NOT OK = all other cases
1. The ratio value 5.0134A is calculated as follows:
Vprim act x (Iprim nom / Vsec act); here: 1.2536V x (200A / 50.010V) = 5.0134A
2. Kn = rated transformation value, here: 200A / 5A

Selecting the check box Manual input lets you enter the value for Vprim manually, for
example, when Vprim was measured with an external volt meter.

5.8.3 Automatic test vs. manual test

1. Option "Manual input" clear
Automatic test
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
► Within 1 second the test voltage increases in a ramp characteristic from 0V to Vtest. Then Vtest is
kept for a period of 2.4 seconds, and the measurements are taken. Next, the ramp decreases again
within 0.3 seconds.
► The automatic test stops by itself, it can now be assessed.
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test voltage Vtest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "V test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► Now the measurements are taken and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results (pressing the I/O push-button has the same effect).
The last measured values are "frozen", and can now be assessed.

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► Stop the manual test by pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button. The test can now be
assessed.
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.

2. Option "Manual input" selected

Note: Select Manual input prior to starting the test. If the test card still contains results, clear them by
pressing Clear Results.
When Manual input is selected, there is no phase available. Consequently, neither the polarity nor the
phase angle nor cos ϕ can be calculated.
Since an automatic test only lasts a very short period of time, and a manual measurement is rather
difficult, an automatic test with a manual measurement is not useful. Therefore, this Reference Manual
will not cover this subject.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test voltage Vtest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "V test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► Vsec is measured and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results.
► Navigate to the "Vprim:" entry field
► Enter the measured Vprim value either by turning the handwheel or by entering this value with the
numerical keys, and press Enter or the handwheel to acknowledge your setting.
► The ratio is calculated and displayed.
► To stop the manual test, press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button. The test can now be assessed.
► Alternatively it is possible to enter the manually measured value into the test card after the test was
stopped (for example, if the measurement was carried out at a remote location).
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.

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5.9 CTRogowski (ratio)

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Make sure that no secondary CT windings are open

Use the CTRogowski test card to measure a Rogowski coil’s ratio by injecting current up to 800 A from
the CPC 100 800A AC output or up to 2000 A using the CP CB2 current booster connected to the "EXT.
BOOSTER" output into the current-carrying conductor, and by measuring the induced voltage at the end
of the Rogowski coil windings.
A Rogowski coil’s induced voltage is proportional to the conductor current differentiated with respect to
time. Therefore, in order to acquire a direct equivalent of the conductor’s current, the induced voltage
needs to be integrated. In general, a Rogowski coil’s output signal is either lead via an integrating
amplifier or fed into an electronic protection relay with integrator. The CTRogowski test card integrates
the Rogowski coil’s output signal at the CPC 100 input V2 AC.
Disconnect the Rogowski coil’s output signal from the electronic protection relay, and plug it into the
CPC 100 V2 AC input.
The CTRogowski test card measures the amplitude of the injected current Iprim and the Rogowski coil’s
output voltage Vsec, integrates this signal, and calculates the secondary current Isec, its phase angle
as well as the actual ratio and the deviation.

P2/H2
P1/H1
Electronic
protection relay
with integrator (for
example 150mV
Shielded cable with at Inominal)
twisted wires.
Shield connected to
Rogowski coil.

Figure 5-22: Setup for a CT ratio test of a Rogowski coil

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5.9.1 Test settings

Figure 5-23: CTRogowski test card with test results

Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:

Range: output range

Iprim: nominal primary current of Rogowski coil
(upper field)
Vsec: nominal secondary voltage of Rogowski coil
fnom: nominal frequency of the Rogowski coil’s secondary voltage
Itest: primary injection current
f: frequency of injected current Itest
Auto: select check box for automatic test (default), clear for manual test (refer to page 122).

Note: When using the CTRogowski test card, the 3V V2 AC input uses an additional software-based
integration method.
In the range of 50 Hz < f < 60 Hz, this results in a phase shift of 90° as well as an additional phase error
of ±0.1° and an additional amplitude error of ±0.01%. For frequencies in the range of
15 Hz < f < 400 Hz, the phase error is not specified, and the amplitude error can be up to ±0.50% higher.
Therefore, for phase measurements, use a frequency range of 50 Hz < f < 60 Hz only.
Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 56) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 50.
Within the Settings menu, you can set correction factors in accordance with IEC 61869-10. The
measured transformation ratio of the instrument transformer under test can be adjusted with the
provided ratio- and phase-correction values. The correction factors are often available on the
asset nameplate.

Amplitude correction: Amplitude correction for corrected transformation ratio calculation

Phase correction: Phase error offset for corrected phase error calculation

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5.9.2 Measurements
Iprim: actual output current at the output that is injected into the Rogowski coil’s
(lower field) current-carrying conductor
Vsec: secondary voltage measured at V2 AC

I’sec: calculated secondary current. I’sec = k  V sec dt

with k = Iprim nom / (Vsec nom × 1 s).

Note: The current I’sec does not really exist in the system. It is a calculated current only.
° phase angle of calculated secondary current with reference to the primary current
Ratio: Iprim / I’sec × CFI1, here: 10.0:9.982
Ratio error: I' sec × CF I – I prim
ε = ------------------------------------------- × 100%
I prim

Note: Results are marked with an exclamation point (!) if a correction factor was used.
Phase error: φ = φIsec – φIprim – φPhase correction3
Polarity: Displays the status of the polarity
OK = phaseI’sec – phaseIprim = –45° < 0° < 45°
NOT OK = all other cases
1. CFI stands for the amplitude correction. By default, it is set to 1.00 and subsequently no additional ratio error is considered.
2. The value 9.98 is calculated as follows:
(I’sec / Iprim) × Iprim nom × CFI, here: (9.86 A / 10 A) × 10 A × 1.012 = 9.98 A
3. By default, the phase correction is set to 0.0000° and subsequently no additional phase error is considered. Here: 0.00°,
including 90° integration phase shift.

Selecting the check box Manual input lets you enter the value for Vsec manually, for example, when
Vsec was measured with an external volt meter rather than at input V2 AC.

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5.9.3 Automatic test vs. manual test

1. Option "Manual input" clear
Automatic test
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
► The test current increases from 0A to Itest in a ramp characteristic within 1 second. Then Itest is kept
for a period of 2.4 seconds, and the measurements are taken. Next, the ramp decreases again within
0.3 seconds.
► The automatic test stops by itself, it can now be assessed.
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test current Itest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "I test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► Now the measurements are taken and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results (pressing the I/O push-button has the same effect).
The last measured values are "frozen", the test can now be assessed.
► Stop the manual test by pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button.
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.

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2. Option "Manual input" selected

Note: Select "Manual input" prior to starting the test. If the test card still contains results, clear them by
pressing Clear Results. When "Manual input" is selected, there is no phase available. Consequently,
neither the polarity nor the phase angle can be calculated.
Since an automatic test only lasts a very short period of time, and a manual measurement is rather
difficult, an automatic test with a manual measurement is not useful. Therefore, this Reference Manual
will not cover this subject.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test current Itest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "I test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► Iprim is measured and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results.
► Navigate to the Vsec entry field.
► Enter the measured Vsec value either by turning the handwheel or by entering this value with the
numerical keys, and press Enter or the handwheel to acknowledge your setting.
► The ratio is calculated and displayed.
► To stop the manual test, press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button. The test can now be assessed.
► Alternatively it is possible to enter the manually measured value into the test card after the test was
stopped (for example, if the measurement was carried out at a remote location).
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.

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5.10 CTLow Power (ratio)

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Make sure that no secondary CT windings are open

Use the CTLowPower test card to measure the ratio of a low-power current transformer.
A low-power current transformer contains a built-in burden, and provides an output voltage that is directly
proportional to the primary current. For both protection and measurement only one transformer is
required. A low-power current transformer provides a wide nominal current range, and operates linear
and without saturation through the entire range up to the short-circuit current.
To carry out this test, disconnect the ODU plug of the current transformer’s secondary side from the
protection relay, plug it into the CPC 100 V2 AC input, and inject current up to 800 A from the CPC 100
800A AC output or up to 2000 A using the CP CB2 current booster connected to the "EXT. BOOSTER"
output to the current transformer’s primary side.

P1/H1
Built-in burden

S1/X1
R Electronic
CT protection relay with
Shielded cable with low-voltage input
S2/X2 twisted wires (e.g. 22.5 mV at
I nom)
P2/H2

Figure 5-24: Setup for a CT ratio low-power test

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5.10.1 Test settings

Figure 5-25: CTLowPower test card with test results

Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:

Range: output range

Iprim: nominal primary current
Vsec: nominal secondary voltage
Itest: primary injection current
f: output frequency
Auto: select check box for automatic test (default), clear for manual test (refer to page 127).

Note: If the test involves an external booster to gain a higher output current, set this booster at the
Options tab Device Setup before starting the test.
Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 56) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 50.
Within the Settings menu, you can set correction factors in accordance with IEC 61869-10. The
measured transformation ratio of the instrument transformer under test can be adjusted with the
provided ratio- and phase-correction values. The correction factors are often available on the
asset nameplate.

Amplitude correction: Amplitude correction for corrected transformation ratio calculation

Phase correction: Phase error offset for corrected phase error calculation

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5.10.2 Measurements
Iprim: actual output current at the output that is injected into the low power current
transformer’s primary side
Vsec: secondary voltage measured at V2 AC, and its phase angle relative to Iprim
Ratio: Iprim / Vsec × CFI1, here: 10.0:0.2990 A/V2
Note: Results are marked with an exclamation point (!) if a correction factor was used.
Ratio error: K n × V sec × CF I – I prim
ε = -------------------------------------------------------- × 100%
I prim

where Kn is rated transformation value, here: 10 A / 300 mV

Note: Results are marked with an exclamation point (!) if a correction factor was used.
Phase error: φ = φIsec – φIprim – φPhase correction3
Polarity: displays the status of the polarity
OK = phaseVsec - phaseIprim = -45° < 0° < 45°
NOT OK = all other cases
1. CFI stands for the amplitude correction. By default, it is set to 1.00 and subsequently no additional ratio error is considered.
2. The value 0.2990 is calculated as follows:
Vsec act × (Iprim nom / Iprim act) × CFI, here: 295.16 mV × (10 A / 10 A) × 1.012 = 0.2990 V
3. By default, the phase correction is set to 0.0000° and subsequently no additional phase error is considered. Here: -0.12°.

Selecting the check box Manual input lets you enter the value for Vsec manually, for example, when
Vsec was measured with an external volt meter rather than at input V2 AC.

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5.10.3 Automatic test vs. manual test

1. Option "Manual input" clear
Automatic test
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
► The test current increases from 0A to Itest in a ramp characteristic within 1 second. Then Itest is kept
for a period of 2.4 seconds, and the measurements are taken. Next, the ramp decreases again within
0.3 seconds.
► The automatic test stops by itself, it can now be assessed.
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test current Itest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "I test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► Now the measurements are taken and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results (pressing the I/O push-button has the same effect).
The last measured values are "frozen", the test can now be assessed.
► Stop the manual test by pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button.
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.

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2. Option "Manual input" selected

Note: Select Manual input prior to starting the test. If the test card still contains results, clear them by
pressing Clear Results. When "Manual input" is selected, there is no phase available. Consequently,
neither the polarity nor the phase angle can be calculated.
Since an automatic test only lasts a very short period of time, and a manual measurement is rather
difficult, an automatic test with a manual measurement is not useful. Therefore, this Reference Manual
will not cover this subject.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test current Itest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O push-button (test start/stop) to start the test. The focus is set to the "I test:" entry field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► Iprim is measured and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results.
► Navigate to the Vsec entry field.
► Enter the measured Vsec value either by turning the handwheel or by entering this value with the
numerical keys, and press Enter or the handwheel to acknowledge your setting.
► The ratio is calculated and displayed.
► To stop the manual test, press the I/O push-button (test start/stop). The test can now be assessed.
► Alternatively it is possible to enter the manually measured value into the test card after the test was
stopped (for example, if the measurement was carried out at a remote location).
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.

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5.11 TanDelta - PF
The test card TanDelta - PF was especially developed for the CP TD.
The CP TD (CP TD1, CP TD12 or CP TD15) is an optionally available high-precision test system for on-
site insulation tests of high-voltage systems like power and measuring transformers, circuit breakers,
capacitors and isolators. The CP TD works as an add-on device to the CPC 100 and is described in the
CP TD1 and CP TD12/15 User Manuals on the Primary Test Manager DVD and the
CPC 100 Start Page.
The TanDelta - PF test card can be accessed from CT, VT, Transformer and Others.

5.12 Ratio with sampled values

The SV-Ratio test card is mainly used to check the ratio between the output current or voltage and the
input current or voltage of the selected merging unit channel according to the IEC 61850 standard. In
addition, the SV-Ratio card is also used to determine the polarity of the signal, whereas the CPC 100
serves as the signal source. The merging units generate the input voltages or currents.
IEC 61850 is a standard for the design of electrical substation automation. It is part of the International
Electrotechnical Commission’s (IEC) Technical Committee 57 (TC57) reference architecture for electric
power systems. The protocols can run over TCP/IP networks and/or substation LANs using high-speed
switched Ethernet to obtain the necessary response times of < 3.3 ms for protective relaying.
Background information about IEC 61850 would go beyond the scope of this documentation. Please
refer to the numerous IEC 61850 publications on the Internet for detailed descriptions.
The SV (Sampled Values) are generated according to the "Implementation Guideline for Digital Interface
to Instrument Transformers using IEC 61850-9-2" published by the UCA International Users Group. As
this implementation guideline defines a subset of IEC 61850-9-2, it is commonly referred to as "9-2 Light
Edition" or short "9-2 LE".
The CPC 100 test system performs closed-loop testing whereby a test signal is injected on the primary
side of the current/voltage sensors. The Merging Unit (MU) converts the sensor output into an SV stream
which is published to the substation network. The CPC 100 then reads the data back from the network
in order to perform a variety of different tests.
The CPC 100 transforms the sampled points to the spectral function of the signal. This Fourier-
transformed sampled values signal is filtered with a special Hann window to only retrieve the "signal" at
the selected frequency. This allows frequency-selective measurements to be performed on SV streams
and thereby the noise is suppressed.

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With this calculated noise-reduced signal, a re-transformation to the discrete signal is performed. At last,
the RMS value of this signal is calculated.
Signal with sample points Hann window function performs a
Spectral function after FFT frequency selection
with noise

FFT

RMS value

Inverse FFT

Figure 5-26: Characteristics of the frequency-selective measurement

Automatic MU and channel detection is achieved by injecting a unique test signal. An optimized and
time-effective algorithm searches for the unique test pattern within all available MUs on the network to
identify the correct channel for testing.
The frequency-selective measurement is used to filter out interferences as they usually occur
in substations. To do so, the frequency of the CPC 100 output quantity is set to a value
different from the substation’s frequency, for example, the substation operates with a
frequency of 50 Hz, the CPC 100 output frequency is set to 55 Hz.
The quantity measured back at the CPC 100 input is measured selectively, that is, only a quantity with
the specified frequency is fully taken into consideration for the measurement. Quantities with different
frequencies are filtered out according to the characteristics shown in Figure 5-27.
Amplitude in dB

Offset from output frequency f in Hz

Figure 5-27: Typical characteristics of the frequency-selective Hann window

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5.12.1 Glossary
Merging Unit (MU) A merging unit collects the analog inputs of four voltage and
four current transformers and sends them as a digital sampled
values (SV) stream in Ethernet packets to a destination MAC
address together with the name (SVID) (a clear text string)
and the APPID (a number) of the merging unit. The eight
values (four voltages and four currents) are called channels,
named Va, Vb, Vc, Vn and Ia, Ib, Ic, In. The merging unit
delivers primary values.
Sampled Value ID (SVID) The sampled value ID is for identifying the SV stream. It is
unique within a system and is correlated to a merging unit
(MU).
MAC Address A Media Access Control address (MAC address) is a unique
identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications
on the physical network segment. MAC addresses are used
for numerous network technologies and most IEEE 802
network technologies including Ethernet.
An Ethernet host is addressed by its Ethernet MAC address.
Destination MAC Address This is the multicast MAC address according to IEEE 802.3 of
the receiving host.
The range is 01-0C-CD-04-00-00 (default) to 01-0C-CD-04-
01-FF.
The MAC address is displayed in a hyphen notation (as
shown above). It is also allowed to enter the MAC address
using colons as delimiters: 01:0C:CD:04:00:00.
Source MAC Address MAC address of the sending host.
Application ID (APPID) This is the application identifier according to IEC 61850-9-2.
The range is 0x4000 (default) to 0x7FFF.
The value is displayed in decimal notation. The ToolTip shows
the value in hexadecimal notation. However, entering in
hexadecimal notation is also allowed.
The implementation guideline specifies the single value
0x4000, while IEC 61850-9-2 allows the range as stated
above and recommends having unique, source orientated
APPIDs within a system.
Nominal frequency (f nom) of MU Either 50 Hz or 60 Hz as parameterized by the MU.

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5.12.2 General setup

Primary
side

Ethernet
output input IRT**
CPC 100
Switch
0111000001
digital
analog

Optical fiber

digital
0111000001

MU* Substation
CT / VT
Network

* If the MU has an Ethernet output, no IRT switch is required

** IRT Switch: Industrial Real-Time Switch

Figure 5-28: Closed-loop setup

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DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Make sure that no secondary CT windings are open.

P1/H1

S1/X1
Optical fiber
CT MU

S2/X2
P2/H2
IRT

Ethernet

Figure 5-29: Measurement setup for SV-Ratio using CTs

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DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Do not connect the CPC 100 output to the secondary side of the VT. This will cause
hazardous voltages on the primary side.

A/H1
a/X1

Optical fiber
MU
VT

n/X2
IRT
N/H2

Ethernet

Figure 5-30: Measurement setup for SV-Ratio using VTs

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5.12.3 Test settings

Channel selection

Refer to the selected Range (I or V)

Figure 5-31: SV-Ratio test card

Range: output range

Note: Settings AC 6A and AC 130V require different wiring (input via I AC and V1 AC
input of CPC 100).
I test or primary injection current or voltage
V test:
I prim or nominal primary current or voltage
V prim:
f test: output frequency
Stream: This is the SVID and refers to the selected stream, which consists of packages.
Stream interruptions are indicated in the result line with "?" after the channel name.
Lost packets: Identifies the quality of the connection. If more than 0.1% of packets are lost, the value
is shown in ppm, for example, "xx ppm". The number of lost packets should be ideally
0.
An indicator "!" is shown in the result line after the channel name (for example, "Ia")
where the packet loss occurred.
Auto channel Select to choose the channels automatically. Auto channel detection runs without
detection: considering channel N. If the CPC 100 is not performing an active test, the channel
with the highest value is selected.
If the CPC 100 is activated, the channel where the polarity signal is detected has
priority over the channel with the closest frequency-selective RMS value to the test
voltage or current.

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Refresh stream

Stream information

Activates scan cycle on network

Figure 5-32: Stream search feature

If the MU stream is unknown, the stream search feature (<auto>) conducts an automatic scan of all
found streams until the signal injected by the CPC 100 is found. The search starts upon activating the
CPC 100. The currently searched stream is updated in the user interface until a match is found. If none
matches, the last MU in the list is selected and the polarity in the result table shows "n/a".

Figure 5-33: Stream information dialog

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5.12.4 Measurements
The SV-Ratio test card displays the measurement results in a table:

Chn. channel name; refers to the selected Range (either I or V)

I out or output current or voltage
V out
I sv or V sv primary values regarding frequency-selective measurements (with a bandwidth of
± 10 Hz; also when the CPC 100 is not performing an active test)
:1 calculated ratio value from the measured values Vprim/Vsec or Iprim/Isec
% The % shows the deviation of the actual ratio from the nominal ratio in %.
Pol. displays the status of the polarity
Upon activation, a polarity check signal is issued for a short time to detect polarity faults
in the measurement loop. The detection is stable against injected correlated and
uncorrelated noise signals and has a good transmission characteristic on known CTs
and VTs.
Note: The polarity of channels Vn and In is not calculated.
OK = If the input signal correlates with the output signal.
NOT OK = Inverse polarity
n/a = If the input signal does not correlate with the output signal.

It is possible to start a test several times, and to save results any time, except when the test card is
loaded from a file and has results. For the first SV-Ratio test card, the first MU (alphabetical order) is
selected. For further SV-Ratio test cards, the selection of the preceding SV-Ratio test card is taken over
as default.
The selected MU can only be changed when the CPC 100 is deactivated, and no results are available.
After refreshing the streams, the previously selected MU is retained. If a new SV-Ratio test card is
inserted, the MU of the preceding test card is retained as default.

5.12.5 Tests
1. Ratio and Polarity:
a) The MU is set to a fixed ratio (for example, 1000:1). If the CT also features a ratio of 1000:1 (usual
case), the CPC 100 shows about 1:1 for the ratio. If not, several mistakes or defects are possible:
– wrong wiring (wrong channel of the MU assigned)
– wrong settings in the MU or wrong MU for this CT
– defect in the CT which influences the ratio
b) A unique signal is used to check if the CT is correctly connected to the MU or the CPC 100 output
is connected correctly to the primary side of the CT. For a short time, the CPC 100 sends the
signal and does a cross-correlation with the signal measured back from the SV stream.
Afterwards, the CPC 100 gets a correlation value and with internal limits the software decides if
the polarity is OK, not OK, or if the signal correlation failed.

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2. Automatic MU detection: For commissioning purposes, the MU and channel detection can be
performed as a test to check that the MU and CT cores are correctly wired and named. The CPC 100
searches automatically on which channel the polarity check signal is present and does the polarity
check afterwards.
a) The Automatic stream search feature does a search on all channels of all streams. If on any of
these channels the polarity check signal could be detected, the MU and its channel is selected
and a polarity check is performed.
3. Frequency-selective current/voltage measurement:
a) Apart from the ratio test, the CPC 100 can also read the primary side values without injecting any
signal. Thus, the CPC 100 acts as a selective voltage/current meter. This is especially suitable to
see the primary side voltage and currrents of the bay before de-energizing or after energizing. The
voltage and currents of neighboring systems can also be viewed, for example, for some additional
information during special investigations. For this case, another stream needs to be selected.
To see all the channels, press Chn. A, Chn. B, Chn. C or Chn. N. Example:

Figure 5-34: Measuring the current on Channel B without injecting

Figure 5-35: Measuring the voltage on Channel A without injecting

b) You have also the possibility to check if the system you want to measure at is really free of voltage
and no current is actually flowing, and if other neighboring live systems are coupling any
dangerous values.

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4. Noise level measurement: This test is used to measure all the frequencies of the CPC 100 to see
if there is "noise" or other signals on a channel without injecting. Thus, you can check on all channels
of the MU at which frequencies the noise is high to determine the best test frequency for your system.
– Quick check: Scan through the channel and look for the maximum value. Save this maximum
value and rename the test card.
– Detailed measurement with Excel for special investigations.
– Cross-coupling noise of the system: Inject a signal with the CPC 100 into one channel and read
back the amplitude of your signal on any other channel. For this test, Auto channel detection
needs to be cleared. With a previously done noise level measurement you can measure at the
frequencies with the lowest noise influence from outside to see how good your test cycle
(CPC 100 -> CT/VT -> MU -> CPC 100) is shielded against cross-talks from other channels. In
addition, you can directly inject into the MU to see how much cross-talk the MU itself causes.
5. Magnitude response of the signal processing chain (15 to 400 Hz):
– Primary injection (of the whole system): By taking the amplitude response of the signal processing
chain (CPC 100 -> CT/VT -> MU -> CPC 100) you can check the frequency behavior of the whole
cycle. Instead, you can also directly inject into the MU channels to check the amplitude response.

Automatic channel detection vs. manual channel selection

Automatic channel detection or <auto> stream search
► Set the Range, I test/V test, as well as I prim/V prim and f test.
► Select Auto channel detection or <auto> from the Stream combo box.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
► A polarity check signal is issued while all MU streams/channels are scanned. The matching
stream/channel is selected.
► To save the measurement press Keep Result.
Manual channel selection
Clearing Auto channel detection lets you select the channels manually.
► Set the Range, I test/V test, as well as I prim/V prim and f test.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
► Select the channels manually by using the context-dependent menu keys on the right side of the test
card.
► To save the measurement press Keep Result.

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6 Voltage transformer
Note: With regard to software handling, this section confines to test-relevant issues, and does not go
into detailed procedural descriptions.
It is assumed that you have read and understood the section 2.4 "How to use the CPC 100 software" on
page 40.

6.1 Scope of voltage transformer tests

Go to the Test Card View and press Insert Card.
Use the context-dependent Up/Down menu keys to the right, or the handwheel, to browse
through the structure. On VT, press Enter.
Alternatively, press the accelerator key to open Insert a new test card.

VT comprises the following test cards:

Figure 6-1: Inserting VT test cards

Highlight the test card of your choice either by navigating with the handwheel or by using the context-
dependent Up/Down menu keys, and press Enter.
Note: The test cards
• VTRatio
• VTBurden
• VTElectronics
• SV-Ratio
employ the method of frequency-selective measurement, which is used to filter out interferences as
they usually occur in substations.
To learn more about frequency-selective measurement, please refer to 4.2.1 "The frequency-selective
measurement" on page 81.

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6.2 VTRatio
Use the VTRatio test card to measure a voltage transformer’s ratio with injection on the VT’s primary
side with up to 2 kV from AC OUTPUT.
It measures amplitude and phase angle of the voltage (at V1AC) and the current on the transformer’s
secondary side, and calculates the actual ratio and the deviation from the nominal ratio.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Do not connect the CPC 100 output to the secondary side of the VT. This will cause
hazardous voltages on the primary side.

A/H1
a/X1

Burden
VT

n/X2

N/H2

Figure 6-2: Setup for testing ratio

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6.2.1 Test settings

Figure 6-3: VTRatio test card with test results

► Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
Vprim: nominal primary voltage with the option "value x 1/√ 3"
Vsec: nominal secondary voltage with the options
value x 1/√ 3
value x 1/3
Vtest: primary injection voltage.
By default, Vtest = Vprim (with option x 1/√ 3) if Vprim ≤ 2kV.
If Vprim > 2kV, Vtest = 2kV.
f: output frequency
Auto: select check box for automatic test (default), clear for manual test (refer to
6.2.3 "Automatic test vs. manual test" on page 144).

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6.2.2 Measurements
Vprim: actual output voltage at 2kV AC output that is injected into the voltage transformer’s
primary side
Vsec: secondary voltage measured at V1 AC, and its phase angle relative to Vprim nominal
Ratio: ratio Vprim /Vsec., here 10000.0/ √ 3:100.43/√ 31
and deviation of voltage ratio in %. Formula:

((Kn x Vsec - Vprim) / Vprim) x 100%2

((10000V / 100V * 20.087V - 2000V) / 2000V) x 100% = 0.431%
Polarity: displays the status of the polarity
OK = phaseVsec - phaseVprim = -45° < 0° < 45°
NOT OK = all other cases
1. The value 100.43/√3 is calculated as follows:
Vsec act * (Vprim nom / Vprim act) * (1/√3 / 1/√3) = 20.087V * (10000V / 2kV) = 100.43/√3
2. Kn = rated transformation value, here: 10000V / 100V

Selecting the check box Manual input lets you enter the value for Vsec manually, for example when
Vsec was measured with an external volt meter rather than at input V1 AC.

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6.2.3 Automatic test vs. manual test

1. Option "Manual input" clear
Automatic test
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
► The test voltage increases from 0V to Vtest in a ramp characteristic within 1 second. Then Vtest is
kept for a period of 2.4 seconds, and the measurements are taken. Next, the ramp decreases again
within 0.3 seconds.
► The automatic test stops by itself, it can now be assessed.
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test voltage Vtest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "V test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
Note: A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► Now the measurements are taken and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results (pressing the I/O push-button has the same effect).
The last measured values are "frozen", the test can now be assessed.
► Stop the manual test by pressing the I/O (test start/stop).
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.

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2. Option "Manual input" selected

Note: Select Manual input prior to starting the test. If the test card still contains results, clear them by
pressing Clear Results.
When Manual input is selected, there is no phase available. Consequently, neither the polarity nor the
phase angle can be calculated.
Since an automatic test only lasts a very short period of time, and a manual measurement is rather
difficult, an automatic test with a manual measurement is not useful. Therefore, this Reference Manual
will not cover this subject.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test voltage Vtest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "V test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► Vprim is measured and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results.
► Navigate to the "V sec" entry field.
► Enter the measured Vsec value either by turning the handwheel or by entering this value with the
numerical keys, and press Enter or the handwheel to acknowledge your setting.
► The ratio is calculated and displayed.
► To stop the manual test, press the I/O (test start/stop). The test can now be assessed.
► Alternatively, it is possible to enter the manually measured value into the test card after the test was
stopped (for example, if the measurement was carried out at a remote location).
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.

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6.3 VTBurden
Use the VTBurden test card to measure a voltage transformer’s secondary burden with voltage injection
on the VT’s secondary side with up to 130V from AC OUTPUT.
► To do so, open the circuit as shown in Figure 6-4 and inject the AC voltage from the CPC 100’s
130V ACoutput into the burden.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Make sure that all primary VT terminals are connected to ground.
► Disconnect all burdens from the VT.

Input I AC measures the current that flows into the burden, and input V1 AC the voltage at the burden.
From these measurements, the burden (in VA) and the power factor cos ϕ are calculated.

A/H1
a/X1

Burden
VT

n/X2

N/H2

Figure 6-4: Setup for a VT burden measurement

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6.3.1 Test settings

Figure 6-5: VTBurden test card with test results

Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:

Vsec: nominal secondary voltage with the option "value x 1/√ 3"
f: output frequency
Auto: select check box for automatic test (default), clear for manual test (refer to
6.3.3 "Automatic test vs. manual test" on page 148).
Vtest: secondary injection voltage from 130V AC output

Note: If a current clamp is used to measure Isec, select the corresponding check box on the test card,
and specify the current clamp device at the Options tab Device Setup.
Note: Due to cross-talk between the measuring inputs V1 AC and V2 AC, we suggest not to connect a
current clamp to the input V2 AC.
Therefore, use a current clamp with current output.
Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting the test
cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in the Options view
(see "Device Setup" on page 56) to set the test cards. For more information, see "Settings page" on
page 50.

6.3.2 Measurements
Vsec: actual voltage at the burden, measured at input V1 AC
Isec: actual current through burden, measured via input I AC
Burden: burden in VA: Vsec nom × (Isec act × Vsec nom/Vsec act)
cos ϕ cosinus of phase angle ϕ

Selecting the check box Manual input lets you enter the value for Isec manually, for
example, when Isec was measured with a current clamp rather than at input I AC.

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6.3.3 Automatic test vs. manual test

1. Option "Manual input" clear
Automatic test
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
► The test voltage increases in a ramp characteristic from 0V to Vtest within 1 second. Then Vtest is
kept and injected for a period of 2.4 seconds, the measurements are taken. Next, the ramp decreases
again within 0.3 seconds.
► The automatic test stops by itself, it can now be assessed.
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test voltage Vtest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "V test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► Now the measurements are taken and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results (pressing the I/O push-button has the same effect).
The last measured values are "frozen", and can now be assessed.
► Stop the manual test by pressing the I/O (test start/stop). The test can now be assessed.
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.

2. Option "Manual input" selected

Note: Select Manual input prior to starting the test. If the test card still contains results, clear them by
pressing Clear Results.
When "Manual input" is selected, there is no phase available. Consequently, neither the phase angle ϕ
nor cos ϕ can be calculated.
Since an automatic test only lasts a very short period of time, and a manual measurement is rather
difficult, an automatic test with a manual measurement is not useful. Therefore, this Reference Manual
will not cover this subject.

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Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test voltage Vtest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "V test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► Vsec is measured and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results.
► Navigate to the "I sec:" entry field
► Enter the measured Isec value either by turning the handwheel or by entering this value with the
numerical keys, and press Enter or the handwheel to acknowledge your setting.
► Now the burden is calculated and displayed.
► To stop the manual test, press the I/O (test start/stop). The test can now be assessed.
► Alternatively, it is possible to enter the manually measured value into the test card after the test was
stopped (for example, if the measurement was carried out at a remote location).
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.

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6.4 Voltage Withstand test

Note: Some test cards are available in more than one test mode. For example, the test card VWithstand
can be selected in CT, VT, Resistance and Transformer.
This is solely related to usability. With regard to functionality, the test card VWithstand is identical in all
test modes.
Use the test card VWithstand to measure the voltage withstand capability of the secondary winding and
secondary wiring.
To do so, disconnect the burden. As shown in Figure 6-6, connect the 2kV output socket without point
to the transformer’s secondary (a) winding connection, and the output socket marked with a point to
earth and the transformer’s primary connection (N).
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Do not touch any taps or windings of the CT during the test. They carry life-threatening
voltage.
► Disconnect all burdens from the VT.

A/H1
a/X1

Burden
VT

n/X2

N/H2

Figure 6-6: Setup for a voltage withstand test

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Note: For test settings and measurement see also chapter Current Transformer 5.6.1 "Test settings" on
page 109 and 5.6.2 "Measurements" on page 110.
To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.

6.5 Polarity check

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Do not connect the CPC 100 output to the secondary side of the VT. This will cause
hazardous voltages on the primary side.
► Do not short-circuit the secondary VT windings.
► Make sure that no secondary VT windings are open.

Note: Some test cards are available in more than one test mode. For example, the test card PolCheck
can be selected in CT and VT.
This is solely related to usability. With regard to functionality, the test card PolCheck is identical in all
test modes.
Use the PolCheck test card to check a series of test points for correct polarity.
To do so, the CPC 100 injects a special polarity test signal at a certain location. This signal can either
be a voltage or a current signal from the CPC 100, and has a signal characteristic similar to a saw-tooth
signal with a different steepness for the rising and the falling slope.

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The polarity check itself is then done with the CPOL2 accessory, a portable easy-to-use polarity checker.

A/H1 a/X1

S1 S1

2
OL

OL
CP

CP
S2 S2

N/H2 n/X2

green LED red LED

 
CPC 100 injects a polarity checker polarity checker
special polarity check CPOL2 CPOL2
signal

Figure 6-7: Illustrated setup for a polarity check

 If CPOL2 detects the same signal characteristic at a test point, it considers the polarity as
OK, and lights up the green LED.

 If the signal characteristic is inverted or distorted, CPOL2 considers the polarity not OK, and
lights up the red LED.

 +  If CPOL2 detects a signal that is too low, both LEDs light up at the same time. Remedy:
increase the signal magnitude.
► If you are not quite certain whether your measurement is correct, you can confirm it by reversing the
probes of the CPOL2. In that case, the other LED should light up.

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CPOL2 battery
+ If the capacity of the CPOL2’s battery level decreases to a certain level, both LED start
on/off flashing simultaneously. As long as the LED are flashing, the CPOL2’s battery provides
sufficient power to continue working. However, the battery should be changed as soon as
possible.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Handle with extreme caution: The measurement circuit may carry life-threatening
voltages. Only touch the measurement setup with the CPOL2 measurement tips and
comply with the instruction stated in the CPOL2 User Manual.
► If you detect a wrong polarity in the current path, turn off the CPC 100 first, and only
then disconnect the terminals.
► Never operate the CPOL2 with an open battery compartment. A dangerous voltage
level may occur in the battery compartment if the CPOL2’s probe touches a test point
with high-voltage potential.

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6.5.1 Test settings

Figure 6-8: PolCheck test card with test points

Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
Range: output range
Ampl.: maximum amplitude of polarity check output signal. Any value between the minimum
and maximum of the selected range is possible.

Clear the option Intermittent when working with voltage outputs.

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6.5.2 Carrying out the polarity check

1. Define the first set of parameters, and press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test
2. The CPC 100 now applies the polarity check signal with the specified parameters to the output.
3. Now carry out the polarity check at the test point of your choice using the CPOL2.
4. Add the first test point to the test point table by pressing New Result.
The column "Location" displays a default name "Point 0", and a "n/a" in the column "Assessment"
shows that no assessment was done yet.
5. If you need multiple test points, repeat items 3 - 4 as often as needed.
6. For the assessment there are two alternatives:
– assess each test point right away as it is entered
– or add all test points needed, stop the test, and then do the assessment test point for test point.
To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.
7. Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to stop the test.
Note: Alternatively, it is possible to enter test points after the test was stopped (for example, if the
measurement was carried out at a remote location).

6.5.3 Customizing test point names

Figure 6-9: Highlighting a test point changes the context-dependent menu keys

► Highlight the test point of your choice by turning the handwheel.

► Press Edit Location to open the String Editor
► Use the String Editor functionality (refer to ”The String Editor” in chapter 10) to specify a name of your
choice for the selected test point.

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6.6 VTElectronics
Use the VTElectronics test card to test the ratio of non-conventional electronic voltage transformers
with a very low-level secondary voltage.
To carry out this test, disconnect the plug of the electronic transformer’s secondary side from the
protection relay, plug it into the CPC 100 V2 AC input, and inject voltage from the 2kV AC output to the
electronic transformer’s primary side.
electronic voltage transformer

A/H1 a/X1
Shielded cable with
twisted wires Electronic
protection relay
with low-voltage
input
N/H2
n/X2

Figure 6-10: Setup for an electronic voltage transformer ratio test

156 OMICRON
 Voltage transformer

6.6.1 Test settings

Figure 6-11: VTElectronics test card with test results

Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
Vprim: nominal primary voltage with the option "value x 1/√ 3"
Vsec: nominal secondary voltage with the options
value x 1/√ 3
value x 1/3
Vtest: primary injection voltage.
By default, Vtest = Vprim (with option x 1/√ 3) if Vprim ≤ 2kV.
If Vprim > 2kV, Vtest = 2kV.
f: output frequency
Auto: select check box for automatic test (default), clear for manual test (refer to
6.6.3 "Automatic test vs. manual test" on page 159).

Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 56) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 50.
Within the Settings menu, you can set correction factors in accordance with IEC 61869-10. The
measured transformation ratio of the instrument transformer under test can be adjusted with the
provided ratio- and phase-correction values. The correction factors are often available on the
asset nameplate.

Amplitude correction: Amplitude correction for corrected transformation ratio calculation

Phase correction: Phase error offset for corrected phase error calculation

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6.6.2 Measurements
Vprim: actual output voltage at 2kV AC output that is injected into the electronic voltage
transformer’s primary side
Vsec: secondary voltage measured at V2AC, and its phase angle relative to Vprim nominal
Ratio: Vprim /Vsec × CFU1, here: 90.0/√3:10.0071/√32
Note: Results are marked with an exclamation point (!) if a correction factor was used.
Ratio error: K n × V sec × CF U – V prim
ε = ------------------------------------------------------------ × 100%
V prim

where Kn is rated transformation value, here: 90.0 V / 10.0 V

Note: Results are marked with an exclamation point (!) if a correction factor was used.
Phase error: φ = φ 3
Vsec – φVprim – φPhase correction

Polarity: displays the status of the polarity

OK= phaseVsec - phaseVprim = -45° < 0° < 45°
NOT OK = all other cases
1. CFI stands for the amplitude correction. By default, it is set to 1.00 and subsequently no additional ratio error is considered.
2. The value 10.0071/√3 is calculated as follows:
Vsec act × CFU × (V prim nom / V prim act), here: 2.77531 V × 1.001 × (90 V/√3/25.010 V) = 10.0071 V/√3
3. By default, the phase correction is set to 0.0000° and subsequently no additional phase error is considered. Here: -0.03°.

Selecting the check box Manual input lets you enter the value for Vsec manually, for
example, when Vsec was measured with an external volt meter rather than at input V1 AC.

158 OMICRON
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6.6.3 Automatic test vs. manual test

1. Option "Manual input" clear
Automatic test
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
► The test voltage increases from 0V to Vtest in a ramp characteristic within 1 second. Then Vtest is
kept for a period of 2.4 seconds, and the measurements are taken. Next, the ramp decreases again
within 0.3 seconds.
► The automatic test stops by itself, it can now be assessed.
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test voltage Vtest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "V test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► Now the measurements are taken and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results (pressing the I/O push-button has the same effect).
The last measured values are "frozen", the test can now be assessed.
► Stop the manual test by pressing the I/O (test start/stop).
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.

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2. Option "Manual input" selected

Note: Select Manual input prior to starting the test. If the test card still contains results, clear them by
pressing Clear Results.
When Manual input is selected, there is no phase available. Consequently, neither the polarity nor the
phase angle can be calculated.
Since an automatic test only lasts a very short period of time, and a manual measurement is rather
difficult, an automatic test with a manual measurement is not useful. Therefore, this Reference Manual
will not cover this subject.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test voltage Vsec manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "V test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously
► Vprim is measured and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results.
► Navigate to the "V sec" entry field.
► Enter the measured Vsec value either by turning the handwheel or by entering this value with the
numerical keys, and press Enter or the handwheel to acknowledge your setting.
► The ratio is calculated and displayed.
► To stop the manual test, press the I/O (test start/stop). The test can now be assessed.
► Alternatively, it is possible to enter the manually measured value into the test card after the test was
stopped (for example, if the measurement was carried out at a remote location).
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.

160 OMICRON
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6.7 TanDelta - PF
The test card TanDelta - PFwas especially developed for the CP TD.
The CP TD (CP TD1, CP TD12 or CP TD15) is an optionally available high-precision test system for on-
site insulation tests of high-voltage systems like power and measuring transformers, circuit breakers,
capacitors and isolators. The CP TD works as an add-on device to the CPC 100 and is described in the
CP TD1 and CP TD12/15 User Manuals on the Primary Test Manager DVD and the
CPC 100 Start Page.
The TanDelta - PF test card can be accessed from CT, VT, Transformer and Others.

6.8 Ratio with sampled values

Use the SV-Ratio test card to check the ratio of the output current or voltage and the input current or
voltage of the selected merging unit channel according to the IEC 61850 standard. In addition, the SV-
Ratio card is used to determine the polarity of the signal, whereas the CPC 100 serves as the signal
source. The merging units generate the input voltages or currents.
The SV-Ratio test card can be accessed from CT, VT and Others. For further information, refer to
5.12 "Ratio with sampled values" on page 129.

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7 Transformer
Note: With regard to software handling, this section confines to test-relevant issues, and does not go
into detailed procedural descriptions.
It is assumed that you have read and understood the section 2.4 "How to use the CPC 100 software" on
page 40.
Note: We strongly advise you to carefully read the transformer-specific safety instructions at
1.6 "General" on page 19 before carrying out transformer tests.

7.1 Scope of transformer tests

To select a test card, press Insert Card in the Test Card View.
Use the context-dependent Up/Down menu keys to the right, or the handwheel, to browse
through the structure. On Transformer, press Enter.
Alternatively, press the accelerator key to open Insert a new test card dialog box.

For power transformers, the following test cards are available:

• TRRatio (per Tap)
• RWinding
• TRTapCheck (for OLTC)
• VWithstand
• TanDelta
• Dynamic OLTC-Scan (DRM)
• Demagnetization
• Vector group check
Highlight the test card of your choice either by navigating with the handwheel or by using the context-
dependent Up/Down menu keys, and then press Enter.

162 OMICRON
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7.2 Transformer Ratio (per tap)

Use the TRRatio test card to measure the ratio of power transformers by injecting AC voltage with up to
2kV from AC OUTPUT into the transformer’s high-voltage side (refer to Figures 7-1 and 7-2).
The CPC 100 measures both the voltage it applies to AC OUTPUT and the transformer’s low-voltage
side at V1 AC. From these values, it calculates the ratio and its deviation from the nominal ratio in
percent.
In addition, the exciting current and its phase angle, and the phase angle between the high-voltage and
the low-voltage side are measured.
Furthermore, the TRRatio test card is used to measure a power transformer’s ratio for each single tap
changer position.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Do not connect the CPC 100 putput to the low-voltage side of the transformer. This will
cause hazardous votlages on the high-voltage side.

Prim/H Sec/X
N/H0 n1/X0

A/H1 a1/X1

B/H2 b1/X2

C/H3 c1/X3

Figure 7-1: Setup for testing a power transformer ratio: YNyn0 transformer, high-voltage and low-voltage
side star connection

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Prim/H Sec/X
N/H0

A/H1 a1/X1

B/H2 b1/X2

C/H3 c1/X3

Figure 7-2: Setup for testing a power transformer ratio: YNd5 transformer, high-voltage side star
connection, low-voltage side delta connection with a 5x30°=150° phase shift.

Table shows the Vprim and Vsec settings on the TRRatio test card for different connections of the
transformer under test.
Note: The test card TRRatio (per Tap) employs the method of frequency-selective measurement, which
is used to filter out interferences as they usually occur in substations.
To learn more about frequency-selective measurement, please refer to 4.2.1 "The frequency-selective
measurement" on page 81.

164 OMICRON
 Transformer

Table 7-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections

IEC Winding connection Measurement Trans-former Trans-former Measured

60076 high-voltage low-voltage turn ratio
vector side side
group
HV / H LV /X

V/H2 v/X2 A U-V / H1-H2 u-v / X1-X2 1

B V-W / H2-H3 v-w / X2-X3
Dd0

U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 w/X3

C W-U / H3-H1 w-u / X3-X1

V/H2 u/X1
A U-V / H1-H2 w-v / X3-X2 1
v/X2
B V-W / H2-H3 u-w / X1-X3
Dd2

U/H1 W/H3 w/X3 C W-U / H3-H1 v-u / X2-X1

V/H2 u/X1 A U-V / H1-H2 w-u / X3-X1 1

B V-W / H2-H3 u-v / X1-X2
Dd4

U/H1 W/H3
w/X3 v/X2 C W-U / H3-H1 v-w / X2-X3

V/H2 w/X3 u/X1 A U-V / H1-H2 v-u / X2-X1 1

B V-W / H2-H3 w-v / X3-X2
Dd6

U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 C W-U / H3-H1 u-w / X1-X3

V/H2 w/X3 A U-V / H1-H2 v-w / X2-X3 1

B V-W / H2-H3 w-u / X3-X1
Dd8

U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 u/X1 C W-U / H3-H1 u-v / X1-X2

V/H2 v/X2 w/X3 A U-V / H1-H2 u-w / X1-X3 1

B V-W / H2-H3 v-u / X2-X1
Dd10

U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 C W-U / H3-H1 w-v / X3-X2

V/H2 v/X2 A U-V / H1-H2 n-v / X0-X2 1*√3

u/X1 B V-W / H2-H3 n-w / X0-X3
Dyn1

U/H1 W/H3 w/X3 C W-U / H3-H1 n-u / X0-X1

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Table 7-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections

IEC Winding connection Measurement Trans-former Trans-former Measured

60076 high-voltage low-voltage turn ratio
vector side side
group
HV / H LV /X
U-(V+W) /
A u-v / X1-X2 √3/2
V/H2 v/X2 H1-(H2+H3)
u/X1 V-(U+W) /
Dy1 B v+w / X2-X3
H2-(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 w/X3 W-(U+V) /
C w-u / X3-X1
H3-(H1+H2)

V/H2 u/X1 A U-V / H1-H2 w-n / X3-X0 1*√3

B V-W / H2-H3 u-n / X1-X0
Dyn3
v/X2
U/H1 W/H3 w/X3
C W-U / H3-H1 v-n / X2-X0

U-(V+W) / H1-
A w-v / X3-X2 √3/2
V/H2 u/X1 (H2+H3)
V-(U+W) / H2-
Dy3 B u-w / X1-X3
v/X2 (H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 w/X3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C v-u / X2-X1
(H1+H2)

V/H2 u/X1 A U-V / H1-H2 n-u / X0-X1 1*√3

w/X3 B V-W / H2-H3 n-v / X0-X2
Dyn5

U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 C W-U / H3-H1 n-w / X0-X3

U-(V+W) / H1-
A w-u / X3-X1 √3/2
V/H2 u/X1 (H2+H3)
w/X3 V-(U+W) / H2-
Dy5 B u-v / X1-X2
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 W-(U+V) / H3-
C v-w / X2-X3
(H1+H2)

V/H2 w/X3 A U-V / H1-H2 v-n/ X2-X0 √3

B V-W / H2-H3 w-n / X3-X0
Dyn7 u/X1

U/H1 W/H3
v/X2 C W-U / H3-H1 u-n / X1-X0

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Table 7-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections

IEC Winding connection Measurement Trans-former Trans-former Measured

60076 high-voltage low-voltage turn ratio
vector side side
group
HV / H LV /X
U-(V+W) / H1-
A v-u / X2-X1 1*√3/2
V/H2 w/X3 (H2+H3)
V-(U+W) / H2-
Dy7 u/X1 B w-v / X3-X2
(H1+H3)
v/X2
U/H1 W/H3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C u-w / X1-X3
(H1+H2)

V/H2 w/X3 A U-V / H1-H2 n-w / X0-X3 √3

v/X2 B V-W / H2-H3 n-u / X0-X1
Dyn9

U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 C W-U / H3-H1 n-v / X0-X2

U-(V+W) /
A v-w / X2-X3 1*√3/2
V/H2 w/X3 H1-(H2+H3)
v/X2 V-(U+W) /
Dy9 B w-u / X3-X1
H2-(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 W-(U+V) /
C u-v / X1-X2
H3-(H1+H2)

V/H2 v/X2 A U-V / H1-H2 u-n / X1-X0 √3

B V-W / H2-H3 v-n / X2-X0
Dyn11 w/X3

U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 C W-U / H3-H1 w-n / X3-X0

U-(V+W) / H1-
A u-w / X1-X3 1*√3/2
V/H2 v/X2 (H2+H3)
V-(U+W) / H2-
Dy11 w/X3 B v-u / X2-X1
(H1+H3)
U/H1 u/X1
W/H3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C w-v / X3-X2
(H1+H2)
U-(V+W) / H1-
A u-n / X1-X0 1.5
V/H2 v/X2 (H2+H3)
V-(U+W) / H2-
Dzn0 B v-n / X2-X0
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 w/X3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C w-n / X3-X0
(H1+H2)

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Table 7-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections

IEC Winding connection Measurement Trans-former Trans-former Measured

60076 high-voltage low-voltage turn ratio
vector side side
group
HV / H LV /X

V/H2 v/X2 A U-V / H1-H2 u-v / X1-X2 1

B V-W / H2-H3 v-w / X2-X3
Dz0

U/H1 W/H3 u/X1

C W-U / H3-H1 w-u / X3-X1
w/X3

U-(V+W) / H1-
A n-v / X0-X2 1.5
V/H2 u/X1 v/X2 (H2+H3)
V-(U+W) / H2-
Dzn2 B n-w / X0-X3
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 w/X3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C n-u / X0-X1
(H1+H2)

V/H2 u/X1 v/X2 A U-V / H1-H2 w-v / X3-X2 1

B V-W / H2-H3 u-w / X1-X3
Dz2

U/H1 W/H3 w/X3 C W-U / H3-H1 v-u / X2-X1

U-(V+W) / H1-
A w-n / X3-X0 1.5
V/H2 u/X1 (H2+H3)
V-(U+W) / H2-
Dzn4 B u-n / X1-X0
(H1+H3)
w/X3 v/X2
U/H1 W/H3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C v-n / X2-X0
(H1+H2)

V/H2 u/X1 A U-V / H1-H2 w-u / X3-X1 1

B V-W / H2-H3 u-v / X1-X2
Dz4

U/H1 W/H3
w/X3 v/X2 C W-U / H3-H1 v-w / X2-X3

U-(V+W) / H1-
A n-u / X0-X1 1.5
V/H2 w/X3 u/X1 (H2+H3)
V-(U+W) / H2-
Dzn6 B n-v / X0-X2
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 W-(U+V) / H3-
C n-w/ X0-X3
(H1+H3)

V/H2 w/X3 u/X1 A U-V / H1-H2 v-u / X2-X1 1

B V-W / H2-H3 w-v / X3-X2
Dz6

U/H1 W/H3 v/X2

C W-U / H3-H1 u-w / X1-X3

168 OMICRON
 Transformer

Table 7-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections

IEC Winding connection Measurement Trans-former Trans-former Measured

60076 high-voltage low-voltage turn ratio
vector side side
group
HV / H LV /X
U-(V+W) / H1-
A v-n / X2-X0 1.5
V/H2 w/X3 (H2+H3)
V-(U+W) / H2-
Dzn8 u/X1 B w-n / X3-X0
(H1+H3)
v/X2
U/H1 W/H3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C u-n / X1-X0
(H1+H2)

V/H2 w/X3 A U-V / H1-H2 v-w / X2-X3 1

B V-W / H2-H3 w-u / X3-X1
Dz8 u/X1
v/X2 C W-U / H3-H1 u-v / X1-X2
U/H1 W/H3

U-(V+W) / H1-
A n-w / X0-X3 1.5
V/H2 (H2+H3)
v/X2 w/X3
V-(U+W) / H2-
Dzn10 B n-u / X0-X1
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 W-(U+V) / H3-
C n-v / X0-X2
(H1+H2)

V/H2 A U-V / H1-H2 u-w / X1-X3 1

v/X2 w/X3
B V-W / H2-H3 v-u / X2-X1
Dz10

U/H1 W/H3
C W-U / H3-H1 w-v / X3-X2
u/X1

V/H2 v/X2 A U-N / H1-H0 u-n / X1-X0 1

B V-N / H2-H0 v-n / X2-X0
YNyn0

U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 w/X3 C W-N / H3-H0 w-n / X3-X0

V/H2 v/X2 A U-V / H1-H2 u-v / X1-X2 1

B V-W / H2-H3 v-w / X2-X3
YNy0

U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 w/X3 C W-U / H3-H1 w-u / X3-X1

V/H2 v/X2 A U-V / H1-H2 u-v / X1-X2 1

B V-W / H2-H3 v-w / X2-X3
Yyn0

U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 w/X3 C W-U / H3-H1 w-u / X3-X1

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Table 7-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections

IEC Winding connection Measurement Trans-former Trans-former Measured

60076 high-voltage low-voltage turn ratio
vector side side
group
HV / H LV /X

V/H2 v/X2 A U-V / H1-H2 u-v / X1-X2 1

B V-W / H2-H3 v-w / X2-X3
Yy0

U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 w/X3 C W-U / H3-H1 w-u / X3-X1

V/H2 w/X3 u/X1

A U-N / H1-H0 n-u / X0-X1 1
B V-N / H2-H0 n-v / X0-X2
YNyn6

U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 C W-N / H3-H0 n-w / X0-X3

V/H2 w/X3 u/X1

A U-V / H1-H2 v-u / X2-X1 1
B V-W / H2-H3 w-v / X3-X2
YNy6

U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 C W-U / H3-H1 u-w / X1-X3

V/H2 w/X3 u/X1

A U-V / H1-H2 v-u / X2-X1 1
B V-W / H2-H3 w-v / X3-X2
Yyn6

U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 C W-U / H3-H1 u-w / X1-X3

V/H2 w/X3 u/X1

A U-V / H1-H2 v-u / X2-X1 1
B V-W / H2-H3 w-v / X3-X2
Yy6

U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 C W-U / H3-H1 u-w / X1-X3

V/H2 v/X2 A U-V / H1-H2 n-v / X0-X2 1*√3

B V-W / H2-H3 n-w / X0-X3
Yzn1 u/X1

U/H1 W/H3
w/X3 C W-U / H3-H1 n-u / X0-X1

U-(V+W) / H1-
A u-v / X1-X2 √3/2
V/H2 v/X2 (H2+H3)
V-(U+W) / H2-
Yz1 B v-w / X2-X3
u/X1 (H1+H3)
w/X3
U/H1 W/H3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C w-u / X3-X1
(H1+H2)

V/H2 u/X1 A U-V / H1-H2 n-u / X0-X1 1*√3

w/X3
B V-W / H2-H3 n-v / X0-X2
Yzn5

U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 C W-U / H3-H1 n-w / X0-X3

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Table 7-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections

IEC Winding connection Measurement Trans-former Trans-former Measured

60076 high-voltage low-voltage turn ratio
vector side side
group
HV / H LV /X
U-(V+W) / H1-
A w-u / X3-X1 √3/2
V/H2 u/X1 (H2+H3)
w/X3
V-(U+W) / H2-
Yz5 B u-v / X1-X2
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 W-(U+V) / H3-
C v-w / X2-X3
(H1+H2)

V/H2 w/X3 A U-V / H1-H2 v-n / X2-X0 √3

u/X1
B V-W / H2-H3 w-n / X3-X0
Yzn7

U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 C W-U / H3-H1 u-n / X1-X0

U-(V+W) / H1-
A v-u / X2-X1 1*√3/2
V/H2 w/X3 (H2+H3)
u/X1
V-(U+W) / H2-
Yz7 B w-v / X3-X2
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 W-(U+V) / H3-
C u-w / X1-X3
(H1+H2)

V/H2
v/X2 A U-V / H1-H2 u-n / X1-X0 √3

w/X3 B V-W / H2-H3 v-n / X2-X0

Yzn11

U/H1 W/H3 u/X1

C W-U / H3-H1 w-n / X3-X0

U-(V+W) / H1-
A u-w / X1-X3 1*√3/2
V/H2 v/X2 (H2+H3)
w/X3 V-(U+W) / H2-
Yz11 B v-u / X2-X1
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 W-(U+V) / H3-
C w-v / X3-X2
(H1+H2)

V/H2 A U-N / H1-H0 u-v / X1-X2 1/√3

v/X2
u/X1 B V-N / H2-H0 v-w / X2-X3
YNd1

U/H1 W/H3 w/X3

C W-N / H3-H0 w-u / X3-X1

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Table 7-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections

IEC Winding connection Measurement Trans-former Trans-former Measured

60076 high-voltage low-voltage turn ratio
vector side side
group
HV / H LV /X
U-(V+W) / H1-
A u-v / X1-X2 √3/2
V/H2 (H2+H3)
v/X2
u/X1 V-(U+W) / H2-
Yd1 B v-w / X2-X3
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 w/X3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C w-u / X3-X1
(H1+H2)

V/H2 u/X1 A U-N / H1-H0 w-v / X3-X2 1/√3

v/X2
B V-N / H2-H0 u-w / X1-X3
YNd3

U/H1 W/H3 w/X3 C W-N / H3-H0 v-u / X2-X1

U-(V+W) / H1-
A w-v / X3-X2 √3/2
V/H2 u/X1 (H2+H3)
v/X2
V-(U+W) / H2-
Yd3 B u-w / X1-X3
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 w/X3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C v-u / X2-X1
(H1+H2)

V/H2 u/X1 A U-N / H1-H0 w-u / X3-X1 1/√3

w/X3 B V-N / H2-H0 u-v / X1-X2
YNd5

U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 C W-N / H3-H0 v-w / X2-X3

U-(V+W) / H1-
A w-u / X3-X1 √3/2
V/H2 u/X1 (H2+H3)
w/X3
V-(U+W) / H2-
Yd5 B u-v / X1-X2
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 W-(U+V) / H3-
C v-w / X2-X3
(H1+H2)

V/H2 w/X3 A U-N / H1-H0 v-u / X2-X1 1/√3

u/X1
B V-N / H2-H0 w-v / X3-X2
YNd7

U/H1 W/H3
v/X2 C W-N / H3-H0 u-w / X1-X3

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Table 7-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections

IEC Winding connection Measurement Trans-former Trans-former Measured

60076 high-voltage low-voltage turn ratio
vector side side
group
HV / H LV /X
U-(V+W) / H1-
A v-u / X2-X1 1*√3/2
V/H2 w/X3 (H2+H3)
u/X1
V-(U+W) / H2-
Yd7 B w-v / X3-X2
(H1+H3)
v/X2
U/H1 W/H3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C u-w / X1-X3
(H1+H2)

V/H2 w/X3 A U-N / H1-H0 v-w / X2-X3 1/√3

v/X2 B V-N / H2-H0 w-u / X3-X1
YNd9

U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 C W-N / H3-H0 u-v / X1-X2

U-(V+W) /
A v-w / X2-X3 1*√3/2
V/H2 w/X3 H1-(H2+H3)
v/X2
V-(U+W) /
Yd9 B w-u / X3-X1
H2-(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 W-(U+V) /
C u-v / X1-X2
H3-(H1+H2)

V/H2 v/X2 A U-N / H1-H0 u-w / X1-X3 1/√3

w/X3
B V-N / H2-H0 v-u / X2-X1
YNd11
u/X1 C W-N / H3-H0 w-v / X3-X2
U/H1 W/H3

U-(V+W) / H1-
A u-w / X1-X3 1*√3/2
V/H2 v/X2 (H2+H3)
w/X3
V-(U+W) / H2-
Yd11 B v-u / X2-X1
(H1+H3)
u/X1
U/H1 W/H3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C w-v / X3-X2
(H1+H2)

In the Transformer high-voltage side column, "+" means that the terminals need to be short circuited.

In the graphics, the symbol means N / H0.

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7.2.1 Test settings

Figure 7-3: TR Ratio test card with test results

Note: The Auto-tap mode is for use with the CP SB1 switch box. For detailed description on how to use
the test card in connection with the CP SB1, refer to the CP SB1 User Manual. If you use the CP SB1,
automatic testing of the measurements (A, B, C) over all tap changer positions is possible.
Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:

Ratio table: Nominal ratios of all taps, calculated from Vprim nom / Vsec nom
Vtest: Nominal primary injection voltage
f: Output frequency
Operation Manual wiring. The Auto-tap mode is reserved for the CP SB1 only. The Wiring
mode: settings are only relevant if the CP SB1 is connected. Otherwise, they are for
information purposes. The wiring information can be displayed via the Wiring Info key.
Vector Selection depending on the settings
group:

Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page of the TRRatio
test card has another functionality as on other test cards.

Figure 7-4: Settings page of the TRRatio test card

Note: Auto-tap is only available with the CP SB1 connected.

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The Settings page allows adding the transformer’s ratio per tap as follows. After pressing the Add Tap
menu key first, enter the Tap Number, Vprim and Vsec. Add the next tap by pressing the Add Tap menu
key and enter the corresponding Vprim and Vsec values. After then, pressing the Add Tap menu key
repeatedly adds more taps with a step calculated from the values of the preceeding taps. The tap entries
apply equally to all phases. After adding all taps, press the Main Page menu key to transfer the data to
the main page.
Use the Automatic Tap Fill function (see7.2.2 "Automatic Tap Fill" on page 176) to automatically fill in
the nominal ratio table of the TRRatio test card for symmetric tap changers.
Note: After the transformer’s ratio was specified on the Settings page, you can save the data by
pressing the Save As Default menu key . Then, for each new test card these tap values will be retained.
To set up the different measurements, use the A, B, and C keys to the right:

Measurement setup keys

Figure 7-5: Setting up the different measurements

Note: The context-dependent keys to the right will only appear if the cursor is positioned in the result line.

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7.2.2 Automatic Tap Fill

The Settings page of the TRRatio test card offers an offline Auto-tap fill function. It automatically fills
in the nominal ratio table of the TRRatio test card for symmetric tap changers.

Number of taps with the

specified nominal ratio in the
middle of the symmetrical tap
scheme

Voltage difference between

positions
Activate if tap changer is on
high-voltage side

Figure 7-6: Auto fill settings window

The total number of taps minus the middle positions defines the number of taps above and below the
middle position(s). To determine the voltage for each tap position, the nominal ratio of the middle
position(s) and the deviation percentage are needed and the HV tap changer check box needs to be
activated if applicable.

Measurements
The TRRatio test card displays the measurement results in two display fields and a table:

Iprim: Primary current from the 2kV AC output, measured by the CPC 100 internally.
If the focus is on the table, scrolling through the lines will change this display
accordingly, depending on the selected line.
The ° shows the phase angle of the primary current relative to Vprim nominal.
Tap (in table): Displays the transformer tap identifier and tap number for the measurements in the
respective line of the table.
Vprim: Actual voltage injected from the AC OUTPUT into the transformer’s high-voltage side
Vsec: Actual voltage measured at the V1 AC from the transformer’s low-voltage side.
The ° shows the phase angle of the secondary voltage relative to Vprim nominal.
Note: Even on transformers such as Yd5, only phase angles like 0° or 180° can be found
using a single-phase test set because a transformer can change the phase angle only
by "mixing" different phases.
Ratio: 1 Calculated ratio value from the measured values Vprim / Vsec
%: The % shows the deviation of the actual ratio from the nominal ratio in %.

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Carrying out a TRRatio test (per tap)

1. Define the ratio table first on the Settings page, then the parameters on the main page and press the
I/O (test start/stop) push button to start the test.
2. The test voltage increases in a ramp characteristic from 0V to Vtest within 1 second.
3. Save the test results of the first tap by pressing Keep Result. This adds the measured values to the
first line of the table. Place the tap changer onto the next position.
4. While passing through the power transformer’s tap changer positions, press Keep Result for each
single position. This adds new lines to the table holding the measured values.
5. When all test points are measured, press the I/O (test start/stop) push button to stop the test. Vtest
decreases in a ramp characteristic within 1 second, and the last unsaved line, that is, the line that
was not saved by pressing Keep Result, will be discarded.

Entering the tap number during or after a test

During the test, only the current tap number can be changed. Even after the test, the tap number can
still be entered. To do so, select the line of your choice in the measurement table and enter the desired
tap number.
The test can now be assessed.
To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.

7.2.3 TRRatio according to IEC 61378-1

The IEC 61378-1 is a standard for testing transformers with unconventional vector groups. Activate the
IEC 61378-1 check box to perform a measurement according to this standard. The test is vector-group
independent.
Note: The IEC 61378-1 check box is only available if the CP SB1 switchbox is connected. If the IEC
61378-1 check box is activated, the manual wiring mode is deactivated and not available.

Nominal primary injection

voltage
Output frequency

Figure 7-7: TRRatio test card with IEC 61378-1 check box

With the IEC 61378-1 check box activated, the CPC 100 carries out two standard-compliant
measurements for each winding and calculates the transformer’s turns ratio and phase shift. The
measurement table displays the same values as for the standard TRRatio measurement. The
magnetization current and phase angle will not be available in this mode.
Note: The IEC 61378-1 test takes longer than a standard ratio measurement.

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Refer to the following diagram for correct wiring:

Prim/H Sec/X Connect to tap changer

A/H1 a1/X1

B/H2 b1/X2

C/H3 c1/X3

Figure 7-8: Detailed measurement setup and wiring for TRRatio test according to IEC 61378-1

The IEC 61378-1 standard1 states that the turn ratio measurements shall be performed in the single
phase configuration, feeding, by a cyclic permutation, the HV phase (U, V, W) with the other two in short
circuit, against the respective LV phase (u, v, w). The following table applies:

Kb Kc Kb Kb Kb Kc
U - VW U - VW V - WU V - WU W - UV W - UV
u-v u-w v-w v-u w-u w-v

1. IEC 61378-1 ed.2.0 Copyright © 2011 IEC Geneva, Switzerland. www.iec.ch

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The values Kb and Kc (the average of the three measurements) are used in the following formulas:
• For the voltage ratio:
Kb
ρ = -----------------------------------------
Kb 2 Kb
1 +  ------ – ------
 K c Kc

• For the phase displacement:

Kb
3 ×  1 – ------
Kc
tan α = -----------------------------------
1 + K ------b
 K c

Note: The formulas above are independet of the transformer connections. Refer to the following
examples for details.

1U – 1V 1 3
K b = --------------------- = --- = ---
2u – 2v 2--- 2
3
1U – 1V
K c = --------------------- = --1- = 3
2u – 2w 1---
3
1
1.73  1 – ---
 2
tan α = ---------------------------- = 0.577
1
1 + ---
2

α = 30°

Figure 7-9: Example of star-delta connection – vector group 1 (30° lag phase displacement)

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1U – 1V 1
K b = --------------------- = --- = 3
2u – 2v 1---
3

1U – 1V
K c = --------------------- = --1- = 3---
2u – 2w 2--- 2
3

1.73 ( 1 – 2 )
tan α = --------------------------- = – 0.577
1+2

α = – 30°

Figure 7-10: Example of star-delta connection – vector group 11 (30° lead phase displacement)

180 OMICRON
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1U – 1V 1
K b = --------------------- = --- = 1
2u – 2v 1

1U – 1V
K c = --------------------- = --1- = 7---
2u – 2w 6--- 6
7

1.73 ( 1 – 2 )
tan α = --------------------------- = 0.133
6
1 + ---
7

α = 7.5°

Table 7-2: Example of polygon-delta connection – vector group Pd0+7.5 (7.5° lag phase displacement)

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In order to obtain the phase displacement of 7.5°, the relation between the modules of the voltage vector
A and B is:

sin ( 60 – 7.5 )
A = -------------------------------- = 0.916
sin 120

sin 7.5
B = ---------------- = 0.151
sin 120

This leads to the following turn ratio between the windings A and B:

A
---- = 0.916
------------- = 6.5
B 0.151

A-
In Table we consider the turn ratio to be --- = 6 and, as a consequence, B = 1--- if A = 1 .
B 6

OMICRON electronics thanks the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for permission to
reproduce information from its International Standard IEC 61378-1 ed. 2.0 (2011). All such extracts are
copyright of IEC, Geneva, Switzerland. All rights reserved. Further information on the IEC is available
from www.iec.ch. IEC has no responsibility for the placement and context in which the extracts and
contents are reproduced by the author, nor is IEC in any way responsible for the other content or
accuracy therein.

182 OMICRON
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7.3 Vector Group Check

Use the Vector Group Check test card to automatically determine the transformer’s vector group.
► Before starting the Vector Group Check, use the Demag test card with the Wiring set to Yd5 or Dy5
(see "Demagnetization" on page 203 of this chapter) to ensure reliable results.
► To start the Vector Group Check enter the test voltage and frequency in the VG-Check test card.
Note: The Vector Group Check test requires a CP SB1 transformer switch box.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
During the Vector Group Check, the CPC 100 continuously puts out the set test voltage.
► Do not touch the CPC 100’s outputs and do not touch or unplug any cables.

Test voltage

Test frequency
► Enter rated frequency
for correct results

OFF: No alternative vector group

has been determined

Figure 7-11: Vector Group Check test card

The CPC 100 energizes the transformer’s primary windings and measures the voltages on the
secondary terminal. The optimized algorithm reduces the number of measurements. The vector group
is determined according to the voltage distributions. In cases where the measurement results apply
equally to two vector groups, an alternative group is provided.

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Prim/H Sec/X
A/H1 a1/X1

B/H2 b1/X2

C/H3 c1/X3

Figure 7-12: Detailed measurement setup and wiring for Vector Group Check

184 OMICRON
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7.4 Winding Resistance

Note: Some test cards are available in more than one test mode. For example, the test card RWinding
can be selected in CT, Resistance and Transformer.
This is solely related to usability. With regard to functionality, the test card RWinding is identical in all
test modes.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Injecting direct current into test objects with inductive characteristics will charge the
winding of the test object.
► Follow instructions below.
► Refer to chapter 1.10 "DC output to test objects with a high inductance" on page 22.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never open the measuring circuit while current flows.
► After a measurement, wait until the test device has discharged completely.
► Ground all terminals of the test object before touching the test setup.
► Short-circuit the terminals before disconnecting the test leads.
► Disconnect cables not used for testing both from the test object and the test device.

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Prim/H Sec/X
N/H0 n1/X0

A/H1 a1/X1

B/H2 b1/X2

C/H3 c1/X3

CP SA1

Figure 7-13: Setup of a winding resistance test

Use the RWinding test card to measure the resistance of a power transformer’s winding. To do so, loop
the I DC current signal from the CPC 100 6A DC output via IAC/DC as shown in Figure 7-14 and inject
it into the transformer’s winding.
IAC/DC measures the injected current, and V DC input measures the voltage generated at the
transformer’s winding. From these values the winding resistance is calculated.
Alternatively, inject the current directly from the 400A DC output (see Figure 7-14).

WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
It is recommended to perform all winding resistance measurements with the CP SA1
connected to the CPC 100 V DC input sockets to protect yourself and the CPC 100 from
high-voltage hazards.
► The CP SA1 must be used for measurements using the 400A DC output.
I

186 OMICRON
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Before using the CP SA1, you can check its functionality by following the test procedure in 16.5 "CP
SA1" on page 325. If the CP SA1 is defective, contact OMICRON.

N/H0 Prim/H Sec/X n1/X0

A/H1 a1/X1

B/H2 b1/X2

C/H3 c1/X3

CP SA1

Figure 7-14: Winding resistance test using the 400A DC output

Due to the significant time span needed for the transformer’s inductance to finish its loading process,
this test evaluates the deviation of measured values within a time interval of 10 seconds. The winding
resistance is continually measured and stored in the CPC 100 internal memory. The calculated
difference between the maximum and minimum measured values in % within the last 10 seconds is
displayed.
Furthermore, this test comprises the option to take a temperature compensation for copper (Cu) and
Aluminum (Al) into consideration (refer to 5.5.3 "Temperature compensation" on page 107).

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7.4.1 Test settings

Figure 7-15: RWinding test card with test results

Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:

Range: Output range

Note: The 400A DC output range provides maximum current 100 A.
Itest: Nominal test current
R min: Calculated minimum winding resistance value (display only). Depends on the value of
the nominal test current and the measuring range:
400A DC: Rmin = 0.2mV / Itest
6A DC: Rmin = 0.2mV / Itest
V DC (2 wire): Rmin = 0.2 Ω
R max: Calculated maximum winding resistance value (display only). Depends on the value of
the nominal test current and the measuring range:
400A DC: Rmax = 5V / Itest.
6A DC: Rmax = 10V / Itest.
V DC (2 wire): Rmax = 20kΩ

188 OMICRON
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7.4.2 Measurements
IDC: Actual test current from the 6A DC output or 400A DC output
VDC: Voltage that IDC generates at the transformer’s secondary winding, measured at the
V DC input
R meas: Transformer’s winding resistance, calculated from VDC / IDC
Time: Total elapsed test time
Dev: Deviation in % between the maximum and the minimum measured values evaluated
within the last 10 seconds of the measurement. The results are considered stable if
Dev < 0.1%.
Press the context-dependent Keep Result menu key to save the actual result in the
measurement table. This adds a new line to the measurement table and the next
measurement can be started.

► For information about Temperature compensation, refer to 5.5.3 "Temperature compensation" on

page 107.

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7.5 OLTC test (per tap)

Use the TRTapCheck test card to measure the winding resistance of the individual taps of a power
transformer’s tap changer, and to check whether the on-load tap changer (OLTC) switches without
interruption.
The CPC 100 injects a constant current from the 6A DC output into the power transformer and the
current is led via the IAC/DC input for measurement. Alternatively, the current injected from the
400A DC output is measured internally (Itest is limited to 100 A). From this current value and the voltage
measured by the V DC input (see Figure 7-17), the winding resistance is calculated.
The moment the tap is changed, the IAC/DC measuring input detects the sudden, very short drop of the
current flow. A properly working tap change differs from a malfunctioning one, for example, an
interruption during the change, by the magnitude of the ripple and slope values. An interruption will result
in much higher ripple and slope values than a properly functioning tap change.
The ripple and slope values are indicated at the TRTapCheck test card’s measurement table (refer to
Figure 7-18).

taps

OLTC

Figure 7-16: Simplified schematic of a tap changer

190 OMICRON
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WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
It is recommended to perform all winding resistance measurements with the CP SA1
connected to the CPC 100 V DC input sockets to protect yourself and the CPC 100 from
high-voltage hazards.
► The CP SA1 must be used for measurements using the 400A DC output.
► Before disconnecting the test leads, short-circuit the transformer’s terminals first and
then remove the wirings to the CPC 100.

Before using the CP SA1, you can check its functionality by following the test procedure in 16.5 "CP
SA1" on page 325. If the CP SA1 is defective, contact OMICRON sales office (for ordering information,
see 16.5.1 "Assembly instructions for Odu MINI-SNAP plug" on page 327).

N/H0 Prim/H Sec/X n1/X0

A/H1 a1/X1

B/H2 b1/X2

C/H3 c1/X3

CP SA1

Figure 7-17: Setup for a tap changer test - winding resistance and interruption

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Before disconnecting the test leads, short-circuit and ground the transformer’s
terminals and then remove the wirings to the CPC 100.

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7.5.1 Test settings

Figure 7-18: TRTapCheck test card with test results

Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:

Range: Output range

Note: The 400A DC output range provides maximum current 100 A.
Itest: Nominal test current
Wiring: • D, Y, YN: for measurements on the high-voltage side
• d, y, yn, z, zn: for measurements on the low-voltage side
The measurement is performed where the tap changer is mounted.
• manual: manual wiring to the CP SB1 for special measurements
The Wiring settings are only relevant if the CP SB1 is connected. Otherwise, they are
for information purposes. The wiring information can be displayed via the Wiring Info
key.
If the winding connections YN, yn, zn are selected, the measured resistance is always
from phase to neutral. Otherwise, the measurement is between the phases.
Tolerance: Tolerance of the deviation in percent. This setting refers to the Auto Keep Result
function.
Δ t: Settling time. This setting refers to the Auto Keep Result function.

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Pressing the Settings menu key or activating the Auto-tap operation mode (with connected
CP SB1 unit) will open the second page of the TRTapCheck test card.

Figure 7-19: Settings page of the TRTapCheck test card

Tmeas: Actual specimen temperature

Tref: This is the reference temperature at which the manufacturer measured the taps’
winding resistance values. Generally, this value should be specified in the
transformer’s data sheet.
The winding resistance value at this temperature always represents the nominal
resistance value.
Tap time, These settings are only available with the CP SB1 connected. For further information
Start at, No. refer to the CP SB1 User Manual.
of taps:

7.5.2 Measurements
The TRTapCheck test card displays the measurement results in two display fields and a table:

IDC: Actual test current from the 6A DC output measured at the IAC/DC input or from the
400A DC output measured internally
VDC: Voltage measured at the 10V DC input
Tap (in Displays the transformer tap identifier and tap number for the measurements in the
table): respective line of the table.
Rmeas : Actual resistance, calculated from VDC / IDC
Dev. in %: Deviation in % between the maximum and the minimum measured values evaluated
within the settling time ( Δ t).
Rref : Temperature-corrected resistance value, that is, the resistance value at an actual
specimen temperature of Tref.
Ripple: Samples and holds the biggest measured current ripple that occurred in the measuring
cycle. It is indicated in % with reference to IDC.
Slope: Samples and holds the biggest measured steepness of the falling edge of the actual
test current that occurred in the measuring cycle.

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7.5.3 Examples using the TRTapCheck test card

Press the context-dependent Keep Result or Auto Keep Result menu keys to save the actual result
in the measurement table. This adds a new line to the measurement table and the next measurement
can be started.
After pressing the Auto Keep Result menu key, the CPC 100 waits until stable results with a
deviation less than the defined tolerance (in %) within the defined settling time ( Δ t) are
achieved. After then, a new result line is added and the next measurement starts.
Note: If the CPC 100 is in Auto Keep Result status, the user can end the process by either pressing
Keep Result or by changing to the Tolerance setting and changing the value. The context-dependent
menu key Set Current Deviation resumes the value of the current deviation in the Tolerance field.

Measuring the winding resistance of the taps

We recommend to inject the same current value for each phase.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Injecting direct current into test objects with inductive characteristics will charge the
winding of the test object.
► Follow instructions below.
► Refer to chapter 1.10 "DC output to test objects with a high inductance" on page 22.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never open the measuring circuit while current flows.
► After a measurement, wait until the test device has discharged completely.
► Ground all terminals of the test object before touching the test setup.
► Short-circuit the terminals before disconnecting the test leads.
► Disconnect cables not used for testing both from the test object and the test device.

To perform a test:
1. Press the I/O (test start/stop) push button to start the test.
2. Press Keep Result to save the resistance value of this tap or press Auto Keep Result. In this case,
the CPC 100 waits until stable results within the set Tolerance and Δ t are achieved. After then, a
new result line is added showing the number of the next measured tap.
3. Move to the next position on the tap changer.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for all taps you want to measure.

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5. Press the I/O (test start/stop) push button to stop the test and wait until the transformer windings are
discharged.

For the winding resistance, the first 4 columns (Tap, Rmeas in Ω, Dev. in % and Rref in Ω ) of the
measurement table are relevant.

Figure 7-20: Measurement table - relevant columns for winding resistance measurement

Editing the tap number during or after a test

It is possible to edit the tap number during or after a test.
After the test has been finished, you can delete a result line by selecting the result line you want
to delete and pressing the Clear Results menu key.

Tap changer test and measuring the winding resistance

When testing a tap changer, we recommend:
• To inject the same current value for each phase.
• To perform tests of each phase, start with the lowest tap through to the highest and continue
backwards down to the lowest tap again. Taps may show quite different results depending on the
direction of the tap movement and defects can behave differently. An interruption caused by a
defective tap changer results in comparatively high measured values for ripple and slope.

For the tap changer test, the last 2 columns of the table are relevant.

Figure 7-21: Measurement table with results of tap changer and winding resistance test

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7.5.4 Tap Changer Cleaner Sequence

The Tap Changer Cleaner Sequence is used to sweep all taps before performing a Winding
Resistance measurement to ensure that the taps are clean.
Note: The Tap Changer Cleaner Sequence can only be activated if the CP SB1 transformer switchbox
is connected and Auto-tap is selected.

Time required for switching

between two taps

Click to start Cleaner 1 sweep = every tap position

Sequence is actuated once in each
direction

Winding material
Measurement temperature
Reference temperature

Figure 7-22: TRTapCheck test card with Tap Changer Cleaner Sequence

The currently sweeped tap and the remaining time are displayed during the sequence:

Figure 7-23: Tap Changer Cleaner Sequence progress dialog

Note: You can only interrupt the Tap Changer Cleaner Sequence by pressing the Emergency Stop
button.

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7.6 Dynamic OLTC-Scan (DRM)

Use the Dynamic OLTC-Scan test card to illustrate the on-load tap changer’s transient switching cycle
and assess its condition.
Note: The CPC 100 Dynamic OLTC-Scan requires a CP SB1 transformer switch box.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Injecting direct current into test objects with inductive characteristics will charge the
winding of the test object.
► Follow instructions below.
► Refer to chapter 1.10 "DC output to test objects with a high inductance" on page 22.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never open the measuring circuit while current flows.
► After a measurement, wait until the test device has discharged completely.
► Ground all terminals of the test object before touching the test setup.
► Short-circuit the terminals before disconnecting the test leads.
► Disconnect cables not used for testing both from the test object and the test device.

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Refer to the following diagram for correct wiring:

Prim/H Sec/X Connect to tap changer

N/H0 n1/X0

A/H1 a1/X1

B/H2 b1/X2

C/H3 c1/X3

CP SA1

Figure 7-24: Detailed measurement setup and wiring for the Dynamic OLTC-Scan

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► In the test card, set the transformer’s wiring configuration, the number of taps, and the test current.
The tolerance can also be adjusted during the test.

Test current
Wiring configuration*
Tolerance of the R dev. during
saturation
Currently tested tap
Number of taps Measurement block:
Switching direction Dev. Current R dev. (Saturation)
I DC Test current
Cursor R ref. Reference resistance

* <1> for single-phase transformers

Figure 7-25: Dynamic OLTC-Scan test card

Status icons
During the test, the following symbols may be displayed:

Marks the detection phase during which the tap changer has to be actuated. This is either done
automatically or manually.
Time-out: No switching operation has been detected during the Tap time. Only applicable when
auto-tap is activated.
Data corruption: A disturbance has been detected. This result is invalid.
Delete the corrupted data row and the subsequent rows and restart the test from the last valid
result.

Available menu keys

By default, the test results are displayed in the Graph view. In the Chart view, the results are displayed
as bar charts, and in the Table view, Ripple/Slope and the resistance are arranged in a table.
► Press View and use the corresponding context-dependent menu keys to switch from the Graph view
to the Chart view or the Table view.
► Press Meas. block to hide/unhide the measurement block.
► Press Mark to place a for later reference
► Press Set Current Deviation to enter the value of the current R dev. in the Tolerance field.
► Press Filter and use the corresponding context-dependent menu keys to apply one of the following
filters:

Phase: Only results from the currently selected phase are displayed.
Tap number: Only results with the same tap number are displayed.
Parity: Only results from taps with even/odd numbers are displayed.
Direction: Only results from one direction of OLTC movement (up or down) are displayed.

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► Adjust the test settings on the Settings page:

Activate for fully automatic mode Select to activate an interference filter

Test modes*:
current over time
Time required for switching
between two taps Used for the Tap Changer Cleaner
Sequence

Winding material Recording time

Measurement temperature

Reference temperature

* Basic: standard test without dynamic LV shorting

OMICRON: Basic mode expanded by dynamic shorting of the transformer’s LV side for
increased sensitivity

Figure 7-26: Dynamic OLTC-Scan Settings page

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7.6.1 General: On-load tap changer testing

Winding resistances are tested in the field to check for loose connections, broken strands and high
contact resistance in tap changers. Additionally, the dynamic resistance measurement enables an
analysis of the transient switching operation of the diverter switch.
For a better understanding of the resistance measurements, it is necessary to understand the method
of operation of the tap changer.
In most cases, the tap changer consists of two units. The first unit is the tap selector, which is directly
located inside the transformer tank and switches to the next higher or lower tap without carrying current.
The second unit is the diverter switch, which switches without any interruption from one tap to the next
while carrying load current. The commutation resistances R limit the short circuit current between the
taps which could otherwise become very high due to the interruption-free switching of the contacts. The
switching process between two taps takes approximately 40 - 80 ms.

Slope
Current

Ripple

Time

Figure 7-27: Tap changer switching cycle with curve illustrating the movement

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7.7 Voltage Withstand test

Note: Some test cards are available in more than one test mode. For example, the test card VWithstand
can be selected in CT, VT, Resistance and Transformer.
This is solely related to usability. With regard to functionality, the test card VWithstand is identical in all
test modes.
Use the test card VWithstand to measure the voltage withstand capability of the secondary winding and
secondary wiring.
As shown in Figure 7-28, connect the 2kV output socket without point to the transformer’s secondary (a)
winding connection, and the output socket marked with a point to earth and the transformer’s primary
connection (A).
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Be aware that all terminals of the transformer may carry dangerous voltages on the
high-voltage side.

Prim/H Sec/X
N/H0 n1/X0

A/H1 a1/X1

B/H2 b1/X2

C/H3 c1/X3

Figure 7-28: Setup for a power transformer voltage withstand test

7.7.1 Test settings

For Test settings and Measurements see also 5.6 "Voltage Withstand test" on page 108.

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7.8 Demagnetization
Use the Demag test card to demagnetize the transformer core. Magnetized transformers may easily
saturate and draw an excessive inrush current upon energization. Since the forces on the windings due
to high inrush current may cause damage or even breakdown, it is desirable to avoid them.
The CPC 100 Demag process requires a CP SB1 transformer switch box. The wiring is the same as for
a standard resistance test plus a connection of the V1 input to the switch box.

Figure 7-29: Simplified Demag setup: CPC 100 and transformer

Via the switch box, the CPC 100 injects a constant current from the 6A DC output into the power
transformer. The current is led through the I AC / DC input for measurement.
Before the actual Demag cycle, the CPC 100 will perform a wiring check. Incorrect wiring will prompt an
error message.

Figure 7-30: Example of a wiring error message

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The following figure shows the correct wiring for the Demag test.

Prim/H Sec/X
n1/X0
N/H0

A/H1 a1/X1

B/H2 b1/X2

C/H3 c1/X3

CP SA1

Figure 7-31: Detailed Demag measurement setup and wiring

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Injecting direct current into test objects with inductive characteristics will charge the
winding of the test object.
► Follow instructions below.
► Refer to chapter 1.10 "DC output to test objects with a high inductance" on page 22.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never open the measuring circuit while current flows.
► After a measurement, wait until the test device has discharged completely.
► Ground all terminals of the test object before touching the test setup.
► Short-circuit the terminals before disconnecting the test leads.
► Disconnect cables not used for testing both from the test object and the test device.

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In the Demag test card you need to:

► enter the vector group of the transformer,
► specify whether the test object is a single-phase transformer, and
► enter the test current.

Check box for single-phase Vector group of the transformer

transformers
Test current

Demag status message

Figure 7-32: Demag test card before the test is started

The test current should not exceed a value of between 10 and 15 percent of the transformer’s nominal
current.

Current saturation level Measured current

Saturation threshold

Real-time scale indicating

current process Set present saturation as the
new saturation threshold level

Figure 7-33: Demag test card during the test

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In the first step during the demagnetization process, the transformer core is saturated. This is visualized
in real time by the indicator in the center of the test card. The saturation process stops at predefined
thresholds. If a threshold is not reached over a long period of time, the saturation level can be adapted
manually. By pressing the Set current saturat. key, the present saturation level can be determined as
the new threshold.

Status message confirming

demagnetization
Remaining remanence

Initial remanence

Figure 7-34: Demag test card after the test

During the Demag cycle, the initial remanence is detected and the currently remaining remanence is
constantly displayed. After the test, the core is demagnetized.
The table below contains the various status messages:

Wiring check... Checking for correct wiring

Idle. Displayed before the process is started
Test was canceled. Displayed after pushing the Emergency Stop button, confirming an
error message or pressing the I/O button again
Saturating core... Core is being saturated
Discharging... Core is being discharged
Demagnetizing... Actual demagnetization cycle in progress
Test stopped. CPC 100 could not complete the demagnetization
Core is demagnetized. Demag cycle has been successful

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The relationship between the applied magnetic field strength (H), which is a function of the injected
current, and the induced magnetic flux density (B) is visualized by the hysteresis loop. It is generated by
measuring the magnetic flux of a ferromagnetic material while the magnetic field strength is changed.
Flux density (B)

a
b

Magnetic field strength in opposite f Magnetic field strength (H)

direction (-H)

Z
e

Flux density in opposite direction (-B)

d

Figure 7-35: Example of a hysteresis loop visualizing the demagnetization process

B and H are applied to saturate the core in the positive and negative direction. During the
demagnetization process, the remanence follows the line of the hysteresis loop. In the first two steps
(towards points a and b), the transformer core is saturated to reach a threshold close to 100 % (see "The
test current should not exceed a value of between 10 and 15 percent of the transformer’s nominal
current." on page 205). While b and e mark the remanent flux density, c and f designate the coercive
field strength.
The effect of the CPC 100 Demag test card is to reduce the remanence and achieve a value close to
zero (Z).

7.9 TanDelta - PF
The test card TanDelta - PF was especially developed for the CP TD.
The CP TD (CP TD1, CP TD12 or CP TD15) is an optionally available high-precision test system for on-
site insulation tests of high-voltage systems like power and measuring transformers, circuit breakers,
capacitors and isolators. The CP TD works as an add-on device to the CPC 100 and is described in the
CP TD1 and CP TD12/15 User Manuals on the Primary Test Manager DVD and the
CPC 100 Start Page.
The TanDelta - PF test card can be accessed from CT, VT, Transformer and Others.

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8 Resistance
Note: With regard to software handling, this section confines to test-relevant issues, and does not go
into detailed procedural descriptions.
It is assumed that you have read and understood the section 2.4 "How to use the CPC 100 software" on
page 40

8.1 Scope of resistance tests

Go to the Test Card View and press Insert Card.
Use the context-dependent Up/Down menu keys to the right, or the handwheel, to browse
through the structure. On Resistance, press Enter.
Alternatively, press the accelerator key to open Insert a new test card.

Resistance comprises the following test cards:

Figure 8-1: Inserting Resistance test cards

Highlight the test card of your choice either by navigating with the handwheel or by using the context-
dependent Up/Down menu keys, and press Enter.

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8.2 Resistance - µΩ measurement

Use the Resistance test card to measure test objects with very low resistance, such as contacts.
To do so, the CPC 100 injects DC current into the test object, measures the current that flows through
the test object, and calculates the test object’s resistance.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Do not use the Resistance test card to measure the resistance of inductive test objects
such as windings. Turning off the DC source results in life-threatening voltage levels.
There is no discharge functionality when using the Resistance test card.
► For this kind of measurement only use the special winding resistance test cards
RWinding, TRTapCheck or OLTC-Scan.

The Resistance test card provides a total of three output ranges:

400A DC

6A DC

V DC (2 wire)

The test setup depends on the selected range:

Figure 8-2: Setup for a µΩ measurement in the 400A DC range

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Inject current from the 400A DCoutput to both sides of the test object. Input V DC measures the voltage
drop at the test object, the current is measured internally by the CPC 100, and from these values the
software calculates the test object’s resistance.

Figure 8-3: Setup for a mΩ measurement in the 6A DC range

Inject current from the 6A DC output to both sides of the test object. To measure this current, route it via
the IAC/DC input as shown in Figure 8-3. Input V DC measures the voltage drop at the test object, and
from these values the software calculates the test object’s resistance.

Figure 8-4: Setup for a Ω ...kΩ measurement in the VDC (2 wire) range

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At this range, the DC input V DC works as a combination of DC output and DC measuring input, that is,
it injects current to both sides of the test object, measures this current internally, and also measures the
voltage drop at the test object at the same time. The software calculates the test object’s resistance.

8.2.1 Test settings

Figure 8-5: Resistance test card in 400A DC range with test results.

Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:

Range: output range

Itest: nominal test current ("n/a" if VDC 2-wire)
Rmin: calculated minimum winding resistance value (display only). Depends on the value of
the nominal test current and the measuring range:
400A DC: Rmin = 0.2mV / Itest
6A DC: Rmin = 0.2mV / Itest
V DC (2 wire): Rmin = 0.2 Ω
Rmax: calculated maximum winding resistance value (display only). Depends on the value of
the nominal test current and the measuring range:
400A DC: Rmax = 5V / Itest.
6A DC: Rmax = 10V / Itest.
V DC (2 wire): Rmax = 20kΩ
Auto: select check box for automatic test (default), clear for manual test (refer to
section 8.2.3 on page 212).

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8.2.2 Measurements
IDC: actual test current that is injected into the test object
VDC: measured voltage drop at the test object
R: calculated resistance of test object, R = VDC / IDC

Selecting the check box Manual input lets you enter the value for VDC manually, for example, when
VDC was measured with an external volt meter rather than at input V DC.
Note: "Manual Input" cannot be selected at the range VDC (2 wire).

8.2.3 Automatic test vs. manual test

1. Option "Manual input" clear
Automatic test
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
► The test current increases from 0A to Itest in a ramp characteristic within 1 second. Then Itest is kept
for a period of 1 second, and the measurements are taken. Next, the ramp decreases again within 1
second.
► The automatic test stops by itself, it can now be assessed.
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test current Itest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "I test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► Now the measurements are taken and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results (pressing the I/O push-button has the same effect).
The last measured values are "frozen", the test can now be assessed.
► Stop the manual test by pressing the I/O (test start/stop).
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.

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2. Option "Manual input" selected

Note: Select Manual input prior to starting the test. If the test card still contains results, clear them by
pressing Clear Results.
When Manual input is selected, there is no phase available. Consequently, neither the polarity nor the
phase angle nor cos ϕ can be calculated.
Since an automatic test only lasts a very short period of time, and a manual measurement is rather
difficult, an automatic test with a manual measurement is not useful. Therefore, this Reference Manual
will not cover this subject.
Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test current Itest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "I test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► IDC is measured and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results.
► Navigate to the "V DC" entry field.
► Enter the measured VDC value either by turning the handwheel or by entering this value with the
numerical keys, and press Enter or the handwheel to acknowledge your setting.
► The ratio is calculated and displayed.
► To stop the manual test, press the I/O (test start/stop). The test can now be assessed.
Note: Alternatively, it is possible to enter the manually measured value into the test card after the test
was stopped (for example, if the measurement was carried out at a remote location).
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.

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8.3 Winding Resistance

Note: Some test cards are available in more than one test mode. For example, the test card RWinding
can be selected in CT, Resistance and Transformer.
This is solely related to usability. With regard to functionality, the test card RWinding is identical in all
test modes.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Injecting direct current into test objects with inductive characteristics will charge the
winding of the test object.
► Follow instructions below.
► Refer to chapter 1.10 "DC output to test objects with a high inductance" on page 22.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never open the measuring circuit while current flows.
► After a measurement, wait until the test device has discharged completely.
► Ground all terminals of the test object before touching the test setup.
► Short-circuit the terminals before disconnecting the test leads.
► Disconnect cables not used for testing both from the test object and the test device.

Use the RWinding test card to measure the resistance of a test object’s secondary winding.
To do so, open the circuit, loop the I DC current signal from the CPC 100 6A DC output via IAC/DC or
directly from the 400A DC output, and inject it into the winding of a test object.
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
It is recommended to perform all winding resistance measurements with the CP SA1
connected to the CPC 100 V DC input sockets to protect yourself and the CPC 100 from
high-voltage hazards.
► The CP SA1 must be used for measurements using the 400A DC output.
► Before disconnecting the test leads, short-circuit the test object’s terminals first and
then remove the wirings to the CPC 100.

Before using the CP SA1, you can check its functionality by following the test procedure in 16.5 "CP
SA1" on page 325. If the CP SA1 is defective, contact OMICRON sales office (for ordering information,
see 16.5.1 "Assembly instructions for Odu MINI-SNAP plug" on page 327).
IAC/DC measures the injected current if the 6A DC output is used. The 400A DC output is measured
internally. The V DC input measures the voltage that IDC generates at the test object’s secondary
winding; from these values the winding resistance is calculated.

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Due to the significant time span needed for the transformer’s inductance to finish its loading process,
this test evaluates the deviation of measured values within a time interval of 10 seconds. The winding
resistance is continually measured and stored in the CPC 100 internal memory. The calculated
difference between the maximum and minimum measured values in % within the last 10 seconds is
displayed.
Furthermore this test comprises the option to take a temperature compensation for copper (Cu) and
Aluminum (Al) into consideration (refer to chapter 5.5.3 on page 107).

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8.3.1 Test settings

Figure 8-6: RWinding test card with test results

Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:

Range: output range

Auto: Select check box for automatic test (default), clear for manual test.
Note: The 400A DC output range provides maximum current 100 A.
Itest: nominal test current
R min: calculated minimum winding resistance value (display only). Depends on the value of
the nominal test current and the measuring range:
400A DC: Rmin = 0.2mV / Itest
6A DC: Rmin = 0.2mV / Itest
V DC (2 wire): Rmin = 0.2 Ω
R max: calculated maximum winding resistance value (display only). Depends on the value of
the nominal test current and the measuring range:
400A DC: Rmax = 5V / Itest.
6A DC: Rmax = 10V / Itest.
V DC (2 wire): Rmax = 20kΩ

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8.3.2 Measurements
IDC: actual test current from the 6A DC output
VDC: voltage that IDC generates at the transformer’s secondary winding, measured at V DC
input
R meas: transformer’s winding resistance, calculated from VDC / IDC
Time: total elapsed test time
Dev: deviation in % between the maximum and the minimum measured values evaluated
within the last 10 seconds of the measurement. The results are considered stable if
Dev < 0.1%.
Press the context-dependent Keep Result menu key to save the actual result in the
measurement table. This adds a new line to the measurement table and the next
measurement can be started.

► For information about Temperature compensation, refer to 5.5.3 "Temperature compensation" on

page 107.

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8.4 RGround
A good substation grounding system is crucial to protect people from injury and damage of equipment.
International standards such as DIN VDE 0101/CENELEC HD637S1, IEEE Std 80-2000 or IEEE Std
81-1983 give guidelines how to measure such impedances.
Smaller grounding systems with a diameter of 100 m (300 ft) or smaller can be tested with the RGround
test card and the CPC 100 alone, for large systems the CP CU1 coupling unit and the Sequencer test
card is a better choice. Note that no other grounding system must be close by.
The current-voltage method as called in CENELEC HD637S1 or fall of potential method as called in
IEEE standards is a good solution to measure the ground impedance of a substation. The current is fed
via a long cable into a remote ground. This ground can be any ground from a simple test probe to another
large grounding system. The distance between this probe and the grounding system under test shall be
at least 10 times the diameter of the grounding system, 15 to 20 times is better.
Important: To ensure correct measurement results, the arising voltage cone from the current injection
must not overlap.
Then measure the voltages with a second test probe at various distances around the substation. If
possible, choose the measurement points in a 90º angle (bird’s-eye view) relative to the current path. In
any case, avoid measuring close (< 60º) to the current path.

Figure 8-7: Schematic illustration of the current probe injection and the resulting ground potential rise

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Measurement data at a large distance (typically three times the length of the substation) from the
substation allow the calculation of the overall substation ground impedance Zground as defined in
VDE 0101. Measurements at different distances are recommended. The measurement points should all
show similar results. If the points are set too close to the substation or close to other grounding systems
or over buried pipes, the results obtained are not stable.
Earth resistance mΩ

600

500

400 linear range of earth resistance

300

200

100

Distance

Figure 8-8: Theoretical resistance characteristic of an earth electrode

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
In case of a high-current ground fault within the substation during the test, considerably
high voltages could arise in any wire connected to the substation and leading away from
it.
► Do not touch the test probe without insulating gloves outside of the substation area.

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Auxiliary
ΔU electrode U Auxiliary
3 ... 5 x a electrode
90º I
(Bird’s-eye view)
10 m
≈ 10 x a

Substation ground
a = size of the earthing system
90°
a

Figure 8-9: Measuring the ground resistance of small ground systems

WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
The "Auxiliary electrode I" carries life threatening voltages during the test. Also the step
voltage around the electrode can be quite high.
► Mark an area of 10 m (30 ft) around the electrode as dangerous zone and position a
guard outside this area to keep people from entering the dangerous zone.
► If the desired current cannot be reached or an overload occurs, the contact resistance
of the "Auxiliary electrode I" to the soil might be too high. Place several electrodes in a
distance of a few meters and connect them all together to keep the resistance to the
soil low. This also reduces the hazard due to high voltages around the electrode.

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Auxiliary Auxiliary Auxiliary Auxiliary

electrode
electrode electrode ΔU electrode
I
I U U

d d d
d/20
d = distance

ρ=2πdR

Figure 8-10: Measuring the soil resistivity

Legend:
ρ = soil resistivity
d = distance between auxiliary electrodes (identical between all electrodes)
R = calculated resistance as indicated at the RGround test card (R(f))
With the spacing of "d", the test measures the average soil resistivity between the U auxiliary electrodes
down to a depth of "d". Therefore, varying "d" also varies the depth of the volume for which the soil
resistivity is to be measured.

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The following table lists typical resistivity of some common soil types.

Soil Type Soil Resistivity

Moor, marsh, very moist soil 1…50 Ωm
Loess, clay 20…100 Ωm
Humus, acre 10…200 Ωm
Sandy clay 50…500 Ωm
Glass sand 200…3000 Ωm
Rock 300…5000 Ωm
Stony, grassy soil 100…300 Ωm
Granite, freestone 1500…10000 Ωm

Substation ground

ground ground rod ground rod ground rod

rod 1 2 3 n

Figure 8-11: Measuring the resistance of a single ground rod

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In an earthing system with several grounding rods it may be of interest to measure the resistance of a
single rod. To do so, disconnect the rod to be measured from the earthing system, and feed current
through the rod into the grounding system (as shown in Figure 8-11 above for rod 2). The voltage is
measured directly at the current supply points.
Note: The resistance measured is only an approximation of the actual grounding resistance because the
parallel resistance of all other ground rods is measured, too. If one electrode is too close by the
measured electrode, values by far too small could be measured.

8.4.1 Test settings

Figure 8-12: RGround test card with test results

Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:

Itest: nominal test current

f: frequency of test current.
Select a frequency other than the 50 or 60 Hz mains frequency to prevent
interferences by stray earth currents (caused by the mains frequency and their
harmonics). The value can be varied between 15 ... 400 Hz. Default is 128 Hz.

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8.4.2 Measurements
IRMS: actual test current (rms value)
VRMS: measured voltage between substation ground and the auxiliary electrode U (rms
value).
This measurement represents a broad band measurement, that is, it detects all
frequencies, for example, the 50 or 60 Hz mains frequency. That way, possible
dangerous voltage levels between the U auxiliary electrode and the substation ground
are indicated.
Phase shift between VRMS and IRMS.
R(f): calculated ohmic part of earth impedance (narrow-band measurement)
X(f): calculated inductive part of earth impedance (narrow-band measurement)

8.5 Voltage Withstand test

For the voltage withstand test, also refer to chapters 5.6 on page 108, 6.4 on page 150, and 7.7 on
page 202.

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9 Others
Note: With regard to software handling, this section confines to test-relevant issues, and does not go
into detailed procedural descriptions.
It is assumed that you have read and understood the section 2.4 "How to use the CPC 100 software" on
page 40.

9.1 Scope of Others

Go to the Test Card View and press Insert Card.
Use the context-dependent Up/Down menu keys to the right, or the handwheel, to browse
through the structure. On Others, press Enter.
Alternatively, press the accelerator key to open Insert a new test card.

Others comprises the following test cards:

Figure 9-1: Inserting test cards from Others

Highlight the test card of your choice either by navigating with the handwheel or by using the context-
dependent Up/Down menu keys, and press Enter.
Note: The test cards
• Sequencer
• Ramping
• SV-Ratio
employ the method of frequency-selective measurement, which is used to filter out interferences as they
usually occur in substations.
To learn more about frequency-selective measurement, please refer to 4.2.1 "The frequency-selective
measurement" on page 81

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9.2 Sequencer
Use the Sequencer test card to define a sequence of states to be applied to a connected test object.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Together with the test object’s capacitance, the leakage inductance of the CPC 100’s
internal output transformer forms a series resonant circuit. Especially at
frequencies > 50 / 60 Hz this may result in voltage superelevation.
► When testing capacitive test objects using voltages ≥ 500 V, make sure that the test
object’s capacitance does not exceed 25 nF.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never use Sequencer in combination with a DC output on test objects with highly
capacitive characteristics.
► Mind the danger of test object’s charged capacitance. Before connecting or
disconnecting any leads, use a grounding/discharging rod
► to discharge all terminals of the test object.
► to connect all terminals of the test object to ground and short-circuit all
capacitances.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never use Sequencer to measure the resistance of windings with highly inductive
characteristics. Turning off the DC source results in life-threatening voltage levels.
► For this kind of measurement only use the special winding resistance test cards
RWinding, TRTapCheck or OLTC-Scan.

A state represents an output quantity with defined settings, for example, a certain magnitude and
frequency, for a preset period of time.
A sequence of up to 7 states can be defined. The states within that sequence execute sequentially. For
each state, a trigger signal can be specified to prematurely terminate this state and execute the next one.
A sequence of states can either be executed once from state 1 to state x, or repeated continuously.
Furthermore, the complete sequence can prematurely be terminated if during the execution of one of its
states this state’s specified trigger condition occurs.
The test object’s characteristic is measured, and the values are displayed in the measurement table.

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The Sequencer test card can be subdivided into three sections:

Sequence settings (apply to all states)

• Range selection
• Synchronize with V1 AC
• SOOT (switch off on trigger)
• Repeat sequence

States table (state-specific settings)

• output quantity settings
• trigger specification
• duration of state

Measurement table
• definition of displayed quantities
• display of the measured values

To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on

page 268
Figure 9-2: Sequencer test card

Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 56) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 50.

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9.2.1 Defining a sequence of states

First set the sequence parameters, that is, the parameters that apply to all states.

1 4
2 3

Figure 9-3: Step 1 - Set the sequence parameters

1 From the range combo box select the CPC 100 output range of your choice.
2 Click the "Sync w/ V1AC" icon to enable or disable this feature.
Enabling "Sync w/ V1AC" synchronizes the CPC 100 output frequency with the V1 AC input
frequency (we recommend a minimum input voltage of 10 V on V1 AC, possible range
48 - 62 Hz). In that case, the phase angle of the output is displayed in the states table rather
than the frequency. Set the phase angle value relative to the phase angle of the V1 AC input
signal (also refer to "Sync w/ V1AC" on page 83).
After the start of a sequence the output needs up to 200 ms to synchronize with V1 AC.
Therefore, define a first state with an amplitude other than zero.
If disabled, the states table displays the actual frequency value in Hz to be edited.
3 "SOOT" (switch off on trigger) check box selected:
• The complete sequence is prematurely terminated if during the execution of one of its states
this state’s specified trigger condition (to be set at "Trigger") occurs.
"SOOT" check box cleared:
The sequence is not terminated by an occurring state trigger. Such a trigger signal will only
terminate this particular state, and continue executing the next state.
4 "Repeat" check box selected:
• A sequence of states is executed from state 1 to state x, and then restarts with executing state
1 again. If "SOOT" is additionally selected, the complete sequence is prematurely terminated
if during the execution of one of its states this state’s specified trigger condition occurs.
"Repeat" check box cleared:
A sequence of states is executed from state 1 to state x, and then stops. If "SOOT" is additionally
selected, the complete sequence is prematurely terminated if during the execution of one of its
states this state’s specified trigger condition occurs.

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► Next set the state(s) parameters,that is, the parameters that apply to this particular state only. Each
line of the states table represents one state.
continued

5 6 7 8 9

Figure 9-4: Step 2 - Set the state parameters

5 Turn the handwheel to set the focus onto the states table’s first cell; in Figure 9-4 above it
is the output current. Then press the handwheel. The cell turns into an entry field. Now set
the output current value of your choice by turning the handwheel, or use the number keys
of the CPC 100 soft-touch keyboard. Press Enter or the handwheel to acknowledge your
setting and move to the next table cell by turning the handwheel.
Note that the units of the states table (the table’s columns) depend on the selected output
range.
On applications with overload it is recommended not to use currents above 600 A without
a current booster.
6 Frequency of the output signal.
If "Sync w/ V1AC" was selected (also refer to 2 ), the table column displays the phase
angle of the output rather than the frequency. Set the phase angle value relative to the
phase angle of the V1 AC input signal.
7 For each state, a trigger signal can be specified to prematurely terminate this state and
execute the next one. If you move to the "Trigger" cell and press the handwheel, the cell
turns into a combo box.
The following trigger conditions are available for each state:
• No Trigger: the state runs for the pre-defined period of time, no trigger signal will
terminate this state.
• Binary: a trigger signal is fed into the Binary trigger input Bin In. The state is terminated
as soon as this signal occurs.
• IOut>: as soon as the output current exceeds a certain threshold value (to define in
column "Thresh"), the state is terminated.
• IOut<: as soon as the output current falls below a certain threshold value (to define in
column "Thresh"), the state is terminated.
• V2 AC >: as soon as the signal connected to the low level voltage measuring input
V2 AC (0...3V AC) exceeds a certain threshold value (to define in column "Thresh"), the
state is terminated.
• V2 AC <: as soon as the signal connected to the low level voltage measuring input
V2 AC (0...3V AC) falls below a certain threshold value (to define in column "Thresh"),
the state is terminated.

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7 • The availability of the trigger signals depends on the selected values set at 10 and 11
of the measurement table (refer to Figure 9-5).
Note: Since the determination of the r.m.s. value requires some hundred milliseconds
(τ ≈ 150 ms), do not use this trigger condition for measurements in millisecond ranges.
• Overload: the state terminates as soon as an Overload condition occurs at the selected
output.
What is an "Overload" trigger?
– At the 800A AC output, an overload trigger is a condition in which the set current
cannot be reached any longer, for example, because of an opening contact or circuit
breaker.
Note: Current values < 50 A do not initiate an "Overload" when the current circuit
opens. Therefore, if you use the trigger condition "Overload", chose a nominal current
value of ≥ 50 A.

Sequencer differentiates two "Overload" trigger conditions:

– the occurrence of an overload (as described above)
– the clearing of an overload condition.
Note: Clearing of an overload condition means: the CB closes again. For debouncing
purposes, at CB closing time measurements, the CPC 100 adds a fixed time of 100 ms
to the measured value. In order to determine the true CB closing time value, these
100 ms need to be deducted from the value displayed in the measurement table (refer
to the following examples).
Note: The feature Manual Trigger provides a possibility to manually initiate a trigger
signal (that is, a premature termination) of the current state at any time. This manual
trigger has the same function as an automatic trigger signal.

8 Trigger threshold.

Only available if a trigger ">" or "<" was selected (refer to 7 ).

9 State duration. After this period of time the state terminates and the sequence continues
with the next state (if any). If a trigger signal occurs before this time has elapsed, the
currently running state terminates and the sequence continues with the next state. If
"SOOT" is selected, the trigger signal terminates the complete sequence.
The default state duration time is 2 s.
A current state has a minimal time of 250 ms if the "Repeat" check box is cleared.
Note: Do not set the state duration shorter than 500 ms if the "Repeat" check box is
selected.
A voltage state has a minimal time of 2 s.
Setting a time of 0.000 s makes the state infinite. Only a trigger signal will terminate it.

Press the Add State button, and repeat steps 5 to 9 to define additional states. Note that
the maximum possible number of states is 7.

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► Specify values m1 and m2 that the measurement table will show.

10 11 12

Figure 9-5: Step 3 - Specify the values that the measurement table will show

10 m1: Turn the handwheel to set the focus onto the measurement table’s first combo box. Press
the handwheel to display the available quantities to measure, and select the one of your choice.
11 m2: Repeat this step at the combo box for the second quantity to measure.
Possible choices of each combo box:
• V1 AC • I Clamp
1
• V1 AC sel • I Clamp sel
• V2 AC • CT
• V2 AC sel • CT sel
• VT • V DC
• VT sel • I DC
• I AC • f V1 AC
• I AC sel • f Out
1. sel = frequency-selective. To learn more about frequency-selective measurements, refer to 4.2.1 "The frequency-selective
measurement" on page 81.

Each combo box has two corresponding cells in the measurement table
below that display the measured quantities, where possible; otherwise
"n/a" is displayed.

12 Calculated value
In this combo box you determine whether the measurement table displays trigger signal
characteristic / elapsed state time until trigger signal occurrence, ratio and phase angle
difference, impedance Z or resistance R, real power P, apparent power S or the power factor
cos ϕ.
Depending on the selected measured quantities, both the items to select from in this combo
box and the corresponding display at the measurement table below will differ accordingly.

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Table 9-1: Display of calculated value in measurement table

Measured Display of calculated value in measurement table
quantities
(m1) (m2)
Bin/Time If selected, the column "BinIn" displays the characteristic of the trigger signal at the
binary input BinIn, and the column "s" the elapsed state time until the occurrence of the
trigger signal in seconds.
4 different characteristics are possible at BinIn:
Closed: potential-free contact between BinIn+ and BinIn– closed.

Open: potential-free contact between BinIn+ and BinIn– open.

Come:
trigger signal with rising edge occurred at Bin In.

Go:
trigger signal with falling edge occurred at Bin In
V V Ratio:1, Ratio:5, Diff:
Ratio m1/m2 and phase angle ϕ m1 - ϕ m2 (if phase angles are available; otherwise
"n/a"), and differences ΔU and ΔϕU.
I I Ratio:1, Ratio:5, Diff:
Ratio m1/m2 and phase angle ϕ m1 - ϕ m2 (if phase angles are available; otherwise
"n/a"), and differences ΔI and ΔϕI.
V I For AC: Z or R, X
Impedance Z (magnitude in Ω and phase angle ϕ in °) or R and X in Ω.
For DC: R
Resistance R (in Ω)
else "n/a"

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Table 9-1: Display of calculated value in measurement table

Measured Display of calculated value in measurement table
quantities
(m1) (m2)
V I For AC: P, Q, S
Real power P (in W) and cos ϕ, apparent power S (in VA) and cos ϕ , reactive power Q (in
var) and cos ϕ.
For DC: P
Real power P (in W)
else "n/a"
V I Rs, Ls or Rp, Cp:
Resistance R and either inductance Ls in H (series equivalent circuit) or capacity Cp in F
(parallel equivalent circuit).
This is just another representation of the impedance Z measurement; Z is displayed in its
components.
Using Rs, Ls, the impedance is given by:
Z = Rs + j ω Ls, where ω = 2 π f and the set frequency is used for the calculation.
Using Rp, Cp, the admittance is given by:
1/Z = 1 / Rp + j ω Cp, where ω = 2 π f and the set frequency is used for the calculation.

► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the output of the sequence of states (or the single
state, if only one was defined).
In the states table, the first state is highlighted and its values are output. The measurement table displays
the measured values, and updates them as well as the indication of the binary input’s signal status with
an interval of approx. 0.5 s.
At the end of each state - either after the state time has elapsed at the transition to the next state, or at
the occurrence of the state’s trigger signal - the values in the measurement table are once more updated.

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9.2.2 Testing an overcurrent relay with ARC function

This sequence of four states tests a complete autoreclosure cycle with both a short dead time (rapid
autoreclosure) and a long dead time (slow autoreclosure).

P1/H1
S1/X1 I>

OFF ON
S2/X2

P2/H2

ON

OFF

Figure 9-6: Setup for testing an overcurrent relay with autoreclosure function

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State 1: "wait for the CB to open"

Set to output 400 A until the trigger condition "Overload" occurs.
Here, trigger condition "Overload" means: The CPC 100 cannot
provide the 400 A any longer because of the opening CB
contact. Therefore, the opening CB contact terminates state 1.
The measurement table shows for state 1 that the relay time +
the CB opening time lasted 290 ms.

State 2: "wait for the CB to close"

Short dead time. Set to output 50 A until the "Overload"
trigger condition that started state 2 clears.
The measurement table shows for state 2 that the short dead
time + the CB closing time lasted 477 ms. This time also
includes the additional time to compensate for the debounce
(see note below).
The actual value for CB close equals Not relevant for this test.
477 ms - 100 ms = 377 ms.
Note that the r.m.s. measurement of IOut reacts slow and
therefore the measurement table does not show the full State 4: "wait for the CB to close"
current. Long dead time. Set to output 50 A1 until the
"Overload" trigger condition that started state 4 clears.
State 3: "wait for the CB to open" The measurement table shows for state 4 that the long
Like state 1. dead time + the CB closing time lasted 3.1910 s. This
time also includes the additional time to compensate
for the debounce (see note below).
The actual value for CB close equals
3.1910 s - 100 ms = 3.0910 s.

Figure 9-7: Sequencer test card with parameters and measurements of the four states

1 Current values < 50A do not initiate an "Overload" when the current circuit opens. For this reason, a nominal current value of
50A was chosen here, even though the CB is open.

Note: For debouncing purposes, at CB closing time measurements, the CPC 100 adds a fixed time of
100 ms to the measured value. In order to determine the true CB closing time value, these 100 ms need
to be deducted from the value displayed in the measurement table.

Time sequence of the four states

fault inception: overcurrent condition occurs
I
CB opens CB autoreclosure

CB opens again

100 ms 100 ms

t
state 1 state 2 *) state 3 state 4 *)
short dead time long dead time

*)State 2 and 4 incl. the additional 100 ms the CPC 100 adds to compensate for the debounce (see note above).

Figure 9-8: Time sequence of the four states to test the autoreclosure cycle

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9.2.3 Measuring a CT ratio at different current magnitudes

Example of a sequence of five states to measure the ratio of a current transformer. To do so, different
current amplitudes (5%, 20%, 50%, 100% and 120% of nominal value) are injected into the CT, and the
CT’s secondary current is measured at the CPC 100 current input I AC/DC.

P1/H1

S1/X1

Burden
CT

P2/H2 S2/X2

Figure 9-9: Setup to measure the ratio of a current transformer at different current magnitudes

Parameters of the states 1 ... 5

A Hz Trigger Thresh s
20 (= 5%) 50.00 No Trigger n/a 2.000
80 (= 20%) 50.00 No Trigger n/a 2.000
200 (= 50%) 50.00 No Trigger n/a 2.000
400 (= 100%) 50.00 No Trigger n/a 2.000
480 (= 120%) 50.00 No Trigger n/a 2.000

Each of the five states injects a current with a different magnitude into the CT’s primary winding. There
is no trigger specified, so each state runs exactly 2 s.

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Since the "Repeat" check box is cleared, the sequence of five states executes exactly one time and then
terminates.

Figure 9-10: Sequencer test card with parameters and measurements of the five states (states 2...5
shown)

Measured values of the states 1 ... 5

I Out IAC Ratio:1
A ° A ° :1 °
20 0 0.051 0.11 392.2 -0.11
80 0 0.201 0.12 398.0 -0.12
200 0 0.502 0.11 398.4 -0.11
400 0 1.004 0.13 398.4 -0.13
480 0 1.205 0.15 398.3 -0.15

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9.2.4 Generating an intermittent high-current output

In a substation, certain control measurements and/or performance checks require the injection of high
current at one location, and the respective measurement at another, sometimes remote location.
When the CPC 100 outputs high current, duty cycles may apply to the selected AC output range. The
allowed pulse duty cycle ("on/off" operation) depends on the selected range, the ambient temperature,
the operating conditions of the CPC 100 etc. For more information about duty cycles refer to
15.3 "CPC 100 outputs" on page 294.
If you want to output high current for a longer period of time, perform such a test by creating two states
in Sequencer:
• one state that outputs high current
• and another state with a sufficient pause.
The duration of both states need to comply with the permitted duty cycle. This will prevent an automatic
shutdown of the CPC 100 due to an overload.
Set the states in such a way that they constantly repeat: select "Repeat".

Measurement table not relevant for this test.

Figure 9-11: Sequencer test card with two states for an intermittent high-current output

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Time sequence of the repeating two states:

I/O (test start/stop) push-button is pressed
I
sequence of state 1 and state 2 repeats

state 1 state 2 state 1 state 2

t
"on" cycle "off" cycle "on" cycle "off" cycle

Figure 9-12: Time sequence of the repeating two states to output an intermittent high current

The lower the averaged value of the output current I rms over the time the longer the CPC 100 can be
operated in that mode. This value is calculated with the following formula:

t on 3s
I rms = I test x = 600A x = 268.3A
(t on + t off) (3s + 12s)

t on
I test

t off

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9.3 Ramping
Use the Ramping test card to define a series of ramps to be applied to a connected test object.

A ramp represents a linear change of

either amplitude or frequency of one
specified output signal whereas the q (output quantity)
other quantity remains fixed.

Figure 9-13: A typical ramp characteristic: Δ q / Δt, a linear change of either amplitude or frequency of
one specified output signal within a defined period of time.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Together with the test object’s capacitance, the leakage inductance of the CPC 100’s
internal output transformer forms a series resonant circuit. Especially at
frequencies > 50 / 60 Hz this may result in voltage superelevation.
► When testing capacitive test objects using voltages ≥ 500 V, make sure that the test
object’s capacitance does not exceed 25 nF.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never use Ramping in combination with a DC output on test objects with highly
capacitive characteristics.
► Mind the danger of test object’s charged capacitance. Before connecting or
disconnecting any leads, use a grounding/discharging rod
► to discharge all terminals of the test object.
► to connect all terminals of the test object to ground and short-circuit all
capacitances.

DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never use Ramping to measure the resistance of windings with highly inductive
characteristics. Turning off the DC source results in life-threatening voltage levels.
► For this kind of measurement only use the special winding resistance test cards
RWinding, TRTapCheck or OLTC-Scan.

A series of up to 5 ramps can be defined. The ramps within that series execute sequentially, and run
from a start to an end value within a set period of time.

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It is possible to specify a trigger signal that prematurely terminates either

• the entire series of ramps
• or the actual ramp only, and then continues with the next one (if any).
The test object’s characteristic is measured, and the values are displayed in the measurement table.
The Ramping test card can be subdivided into three sections:

Series settings (apply to all ramps)

• Range selection & display
• Ramp & fixed quantity
• SOOT (switch off on trigger)
• Start value (of first ramp)

Ramps table (ramp-specific settings)

• output quantity settings
• duration of ramp
• trigger specification

Measurement table
• definition of displayed quantities
• display of the measured values To learn more about test assessment, refer to 10.1 "Test assessment" on page 268.

Figure 9-14: Ramping test card

Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 56) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 50.

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9.3.1 Defining a ramp

First set the series parameters, that is, the parameters that apply to the entire series of ramps.

1 2 5
3 4 6
Figure 9-15: Step 1 - Set the series parameters

1 From the range combo box select the CPC 100 output range of your choice.
2 During the output of a ramp, this field displays the currently output value of the signal’s quantity
selected at 3 .

3 From the combo box, select the output signal’s quantity to be ramped: "Amplitude" or
"Frequency".
4 Enter the value of the output signal’s fixed quantity.

If at 3 "Amplitude" was selected as quantity to be ramped, enter the output signal’s fixed
frequency value here. Otherwise, if "Frequency" was selected, enter the output signal’s fixed
amplitude value.
5 "SOOT" (switch off on trigger) check box selected:
• The entire series of ramps is prematurely terminated if during the execution of one of its ramps
this ramp’s specified trigger condition (to be set at "Trigger") occurs.
"SOOT" check box cleared:
• The series of ramps is not terminated by an occurring ramp trigger. Such a trigger signal will
only terminate this particular ramp, and continue executing the next ramp.
6 Enter the ramp’s start value here. If a series contains more than one ramp, this is the start value
of the first ramp of that series. The second ramp starts with the end value of the first one, and so
on (refer to ”Example of a series of ramps” on page 245 of this chapter).

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Next, set the ramp(s) parameters, that is, the parameters that apply to this particular ramp only. Each
line of the ramps table represents one ramp.

7
8 9 10

Figure 9-16: Step 2 - Set the ramp parameters

7 Turn the handwheel to set the focus onto the ramps table’s first cell; in Figure 9-16 above
it is the output current. Then press the handwheel. The cell turns into an entry field. Now
set the output current value of your choice by turning the handwheel, or use the number
keys of the CPC 100 soft-touch keyboard. Press Enter or the handwheel to acknowledge
your setting and move to the next table cell by turning the handwheel.
Note that the units of the ramps table (the table’s columns) depend on the selected output
range.
8 Duration of ramp, that is, the time this particular ramp sweeps the selected signal from the
start to the end value.
After this period of time the ramp terminates and the series continues with the next ramp
(if any).
If a trigger signal occurs before this time has elapsed, the currently running ramp
terminates and the series continues with the next ramp. If "SOOT" is selected, the trigger
signal terminates the complete series of ramps.

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9 For each ramp, a trigger signal can be specified to prematurely terminate this ramp and
execute the next one. If you move to the "Trigger" cell and press the handwheel, the cell
turns into a combo box.
The following trigger conditions are available for each ramp:
• No Trigger: the ramp sweeps the selected signal from the start to the end value within
the pre-defined period of time, no trigger signal will terminate this ramp.
• Binary: a trigger signal is fed into the Binary trigger input Bin In. The ramp is terminated
as soon as this signal occurs.
• IOut>: as soon as the output current exceeds a certain threshold value (to define in
column "Thresh"), the ramp is terminated.
• IOut<: as soon as the output current falls below a certain threshold value (to define in
column "Thresh"), the ramp is terminated.
• V2 AC >: as soon as the signal connected to the low level voltage measuring input
V2 AC (0...3V AC) exceeds a certain threshold value (to define in column "Thresh"),
the ramp is terminated.
• V2 AC <: as soon as the signal connected to the low level voltage measuring input
V2 AC (0...3V AC) falls below a certain threshold value (to define in column "Thresh"),
the ramp is terminated.
The availability of the trigger signals depends on the selected values set at 11 and
12 of the measurement table (refer to Figure 9-18).
Note: Since the determination of the r.m.s. value requires some hundred milliseconds
(τ ≈ 150 ms), do not use this trigger condition for measurements in millisecond ranges.
• Overload: the ramp terminates as soon as an Overload condition occurs at the selected
output.
What is an "Overload" trigger?
– At the 800A AC output, an overload trigger is a condition in which the set current
cannot be reached any longer, for example, because of an opening contact or circuit
breaker.
– Current values < 50 A do not initiate an "Overload" when the current circuit opens.
Therefore, if you use the trigger condition "Overload", chose a nominal current value
of ≥ 50 A.
Ramping differentiates two "Overload" trigger conditions:
– the occurrence of an overload (as described above)
– the clearing of an overload condition.
Note: Clearing of an overload condition means: the CB closes again. For debouncing
purposes, at CB closing time measurements, the CPC 100 adds a fixed time of 100 ms
to the measured value. In order to determine the true CB closing time value, these
100 ms need to be deducted from the value displayed in the measurement table (refer
to the following example).
– The feature Manual Trigger provides a possibility to manually initiate a trigger
signal (that is, a premature termination) of the current ramp at any time. This manual
trigger has the same function as an automatic trigger signal.

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10 Trigger threshold.

Only available if a trigger ">" or "<" was selected (refer to 9 ).

Press the Add Ramp button, and repeat steps 7 to 10 to define additional ramps. Note that
the maximum possible number of ramps is 5.

Example of a series of ramps

Ramp 1
Ramp 2
Ramp 3

Figure 9-17: A series of three ramps defined in the ramps table

The three ramps defined in the ramps table shown above result in an output signal like this:
I
Ramp 2
200A
1

Ra
mp

mp
Ra

1A t

0s 5s 15s 20s

Ramp 1 Ramp 2 Ramp 3

• from 1 A • from 200 A • from 200 A
(set at "Start val:") (end value of ramp 1) (end value of ramp 2)
• to end value 200 A • to end value 200 A • to end value 0 A
(set in line 1 at column "A") (set in line 2 at column "A") (set in line 3 at column "A")
• in 5 s • for 10 seconds • in 5 seconds
(set in line 1 at column "s") (set in line 2 at column "s") (set in line 3 at column "s")

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Specify values m1 and m2 that the measurement table will show.

11 12 13

Figure 9-18: Step 3 - Specify the values that the measurement table will eventually show

11 m1: Turn the handwheel to set the focus onto the measurement table’s first combo box. Press
the handwheel to display the available quantities to measure, and select the one of your choice.
12 m2: Repeat this step at the combo box for the second quantity to measure.
Possible choices of each combo box:
• V1 AC • I Clamp
1
• V1 AC sel • I Clamp sel
• V2 AC • CT
• V2 AC sel • CT sel
• VT • V DC
• VT sel • I DC
• I AC • f V1 AC
• I AC sel • f Out
1. sel = frequency-selective. To learn more about frequency-selective measurements, refer to 4.2.1 "The frequency-selective
measurement" on page 81.

Each combo box has two corresponding cells in the measurement table below
that display the measured quantities, where possible; otherwise "n/a" is
displayed.

13 Calculated value
In this combo box you determine whether the measurement table displays trigger signal
characteristic / elapsed ramp time until trigger signal occurrence, ratio and phase angle
difference, impedance Z or resistance R, real power P, apparent power S or the power factor cos
ϕ.
Depending on the selected measured quantities, both the items to select from in this combo box
and the corresponding display at the measurement table below will differ accordingly.

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Table 9-2: Display of calculated value in measurement table

Measured Display of calculated value in measurement table
quantities
(m1) (m2)
Bin/Time If selected, the column "BinIn" displays the characteristic of the trigger signal at the
binary input BinIn, and the column "t(s)" the elapsed ramp time until the occurrence of
the trigger signal in seconds.
4 different characteristics are possible at BinIn:
Closed: potential-free contact between BinIn+ and BinIn– closed.

Open: potential-free contact between BinIn+ and BinIn– open.

Come:
trigger signal with rising edge occurred at BinIn.

Go:
trigger signal with falling edge occurred at BinIn
V V Ratio:1, Ratio:5, Diff:
Ratio m1/m2 and phase angle ϕ m1 - ϕ m2 (if phase angles are available; otherwise
"n/a"), and differences ΔU and ΔϕU.
I I Ratio:1, Ratio:5, Diff:
Ratio m1/m2 and phase angle ϕ m1 - ϕ m2 (if phase angles are available; otherwise
"n/a"), and differences ΔI and ΔϕI.
V I For AC: Z or R, X
Impedance Z (magnitude in Ω and phase angle ϕ in °) or R and X in Ω.
For DC: R
Resistance R (in Ω)
otherwise "n/a"
V I For AC: P, Q, S
Real power P (in W) and cos ϕ, apparent power S (in VA) and cos ϕ , reactive power Q (in
var) and cos ϕ.
For DC: P
Real power P (in W)
otherwise "n/a"

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Table 9-2: Display of calculated value in measurement table

Measured Display of calculated value in measurement table
quantities
(m1) (m2)
V I Rs, Ls or Rp, Cp:
Resistance R and either inductance Ls in H (series equivalent circuit) or capacity Cp in F
(parallel equivalent circuit).
This is just another representation of the impedance Z measurement; Z is displayed in its
components.
Using Rs, Ls, the impedance is given by:
Z = Rs + j ω Ls, where ω = 2 π f and the set frequency is used for the calculation.
Using Rp, Cp, the admittance is given by:
1/Z = 1 / Rp + j ω Cp, where ω = 2 π f and the set frequency is used for the calculation.
Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the output of the series of ramps (or the single ramp,
if only one was defined).
In the ramps table, the first ramp is highlighted and its values are output. The measurement table
displays the measured values, and updates them as well as the indication of the binary input’s signal
status with an interval of approx. 0.5s.
At the end of each ramp - either after the ramp time has elapsed at the transition to the next ramp state,
or at the occurrence of the trigger signal - the values in the measurement table are once more updated.

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9.3.2 Testing pick-up/drop-off value of an overcurrent relay

To determine the pick up and the drop off value of a relay, a series of three ramps is defined. The first
ramp determines the pick up value, the second one represents a 1 s pause time, and the third ramp
determines the drop off value.

P1/H1

I>
S1/X1

S2/X2
P2/H2

Figure 9-19: Setup for testing the pick up and drop off values of an Overcurrent relay

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The CPC 100 AC OUTPUT feeds the ramped current signal into a CT, which is connected to an
overcurrent relay. The overcurrent relay’s trip contact is fed into the CPC 100 binary input Bin In, and
acts there as a trigger signal (as described on page 244 of this chapter).

Ramp 1:
Set to output a ramped current signal
from 100.0 A to either 200.0 A in
10 s, or until the trigger condition
"Binary" occurs.
Here, trigger condition "Binary"
means: the relay contact picks up. In
this moment, ramp 1 terminates and
the series continues with ramp 2.
The measurement table shows for
ramp 1 that the relay contact picked
up after 7.175 s at a current value of
170.29 A.

Ramp 3:
Ramp 2: Because ramp 1 did not reach the 200 A due to the trigger signal, ramp 3 starts with
Pause time. Test current is output 170.29 A, and then ramps down to zero with the set steepness (200.0 A to 0.0 A in
for 1 s. 10 s) until the trigger condition "Binary" occurs.
Here, trigger condition "Binary" means: the relay contact drops off. Since there are
no further ramps defined, in this moment the sequence terminates.
The measurement table shows for ramp 3 that the relay contact dropped off 1.1 s
after ramp 3 started at a current value of 152.35 A.

Figure 9-20: Ramping test card with parameters and measurement values of the three ramps

Time sequence of the three ramps:

I ramp 2

200A ramp 3
pick up
170.29A initially defined ramp

152.35A

drop off
p1
ram
100A

t
0A 1s

0s 7.175s 1.1s 10s 21s

Figure 9-21: Time sequence of the three ramps to determine the pick up and drop off values of an
Overcurrent relay

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9.4 Amplifier
Use the Amplifier test card to set the CPC 100 to an "amplifier-like" mode. In this mode, an input signal
fed into a synchronization input drives the high-current output’s magnitude, frequency and phase angle.
Select between I AC, V1 AC and V2 AC as synchronization inputs.
To prevent saturation, the output signal follows sudden magnitude changes at the synchronization input
slowly. This smoothening effect delays the follow-up of the output current up to 250 ms.
Both the "amplification" factor and the phase angle between input and output are set by the user in the
Amplifier test card.
Note: Changes in frequency and phase angle may result in unwanted effects. Both frequency and phase
must be held stable.
Note: The input frequency is limited to a range of 48 ... 62 Hz.

Set range Display of the measured high-

current output signal

Measured phase angle between

input and output signal

Set phase
angle between input and output
signal

Value measured at synchroniza-

tion input
Select
synchronization input

Measured input frequency (48 ... 62 Hz)

Set the amplification factor to determine the ratio between the input and the output signal.

Note: The synchronization input is not automatically range-switching, it is fixed to its maximum value.

Figure 9-22: The Amplifier test card

Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 56) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 50.

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Starting a high-current output

WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
Depending on the measured input signal, setting the amplification factor can result in
unintentionally high currents.
► Set the amplification factor to “0” before starting the test.

► Set an amplification factor of “0”.

► Press I/O (test start/stop) to output the signal.
► With the measured input value in mind, enter the amplification factor now or increase the factor slowly
using the handwheel.
► Acknowledge this entry by pressing the handwheel or the Enter key to start the output.

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9.4.1 Amplifier use case: GPS-synchronized 3-phase system for

end-to-end testing
This example shows how the three current outputs of a CMC 256plus are led to the I AC/DC
synchronization inputs of three CPC 100 test sets to drive their high-current outputs. In this scenario, the
CPC 100’s high-current outputs (800 A AC) represent the "amplified" CMC 256plus outputs and are
connected to three CTs.

CMC 256plus CMGPS 588

Ethernet
800 A AC

800 A AC

800 A AC

CPC 100 for phase 1 CPC 100 for phase 2 CPC 100 for phase 3

CT 1 CT 2 CT 3 Protection
relay

Figure 9-23: Setup of a GPS-synchronized 3-phase system for end-to-end testing using a CMGPS 588
synchronization unit, a CMC 256-3 and three CPC 100

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Figure 9-24: Settings of Amplifier test card for this example use case

9.5 Comment
The Comment card is inserted to a test procedure in the same manner like a test card. Its purpose is to
hold a user-defined comment and/or note regarding the actual test procedure or other important
information such as operational data of a transformer, for example.

This is a user-defined comment and/or note

regarding the actual test procedure.

Figure 9-25: The Comment card

►Insert a Comment card to the actual test procedure by pressing Insert Card. If required, you
can insert more than one Comment cards.
►Press the context-dependent menu key Edit to start the String Editor.

When used for the Comment card, the String Editor differentiates between the input modes "Form
Editor" and "Text Editor".
After pressing Edit, "Text Editor" is active. With the exception of the context-sensitive key to switch
between these two modes, the user interface is identical.
To create "flowing" text with no tabs in it, either input mode can be used. Compose a text of your choice
by selecting the individual characters and symbols needed one by one and confirm them by pressing the
handwheel. When finished, acknowledge with OK.

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9.5.1 Form editor - text editor:

To o create such a "2 columns" layout, press Edit Form.
Sub.: Buers
Trans.: TR24
Manuf.: Siemens
Type: KFRM 1863A / 22E
Year: 1955
Se. No.: T-54953
Power: 100 MVA
VecGr.: YN/yn0
Uprim: 220.000V
Iprim: 262.5A
Usec: 110.000V
Isec: 525.0A
Uk: 10.2%

Enter the first word "Substation" and then a tab. Proceed with "Buers" and a carriage return. Proceed
accordingly:
Sub. Buers ↵
Trans. TR24 ↵
Manuf. Siemens ↵
Type a.s.o.

The tab quasi denotes a column-break.

The difference between Form Editor and Text Editor is that text left of the tab (the "first column", so to
speak) cannot be accessed anymore in Text Editor, that is, it is protected. To add, edit or delete first
column entries use the Form Editor.
More about function and handling of the String Editor at 10.2 "The String Editor" on page 269.

How to change a comment

►IIf you need to change an existing comment, press Edit. This starts the String Editor.
►Start the appropriate input mode, "Form Editor" or "Text Editor", change the entries of your
choice and press OK.

How to clear a comment

►Press Clear Comment.
►The context-dependent menu keys change and provide two more keys: Clear All and Clear
Text.
Clear All: Deletes the entire comment at once, that is, all text in all columns.
Clear Text: Deletes all to the right of the tab, that is, everything but the left-hand side column.

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9.6 TanDelta - PF
The test card TanDelta - PFwas especially developed for the CP TD.
The CP TD (CP TD1, CP TD12 or CP TD15) is an optionally available high-precision test system for on-
site insulation tests of high-voltage systems like power and measuring transformers, circuit breakers,
capacitors and isolators. The CP TD works as an add-on device to the CPC 100 and is described in the
CP TD1 and CP TD12/15 User Manuals on the Primary Test Manager DVD and the
CPC 100 Start Page.
The TanDelta - PF test card can be accessed from CT, VT, Transformer and Others.

9.7 Ratio with sampled values

Use the SV-Ratio test card to check the ratio of the output current or voltage and the input current or
voltage of the selected merging unit channel according to the IEC 61850 standard. In addition, the SV-
Ratio card is used to determine the polarity of the signal, whereas the CPC 100 serves as the signal
source. The merging units generate the input voltages or currents.
The SV-Ratio test card can be accessed from CT, VT or Others. For further information, refer to
5.12 "Ratio with sampled values" on page 129.

9.8 CP TD high-voltage source

In addition to the Dissipation Factor (TanDelta)/Power Factor test, the CP TD can also be used as a high-
voltage source for measuring, for example, partial discharge or conducting high-voltage tests on rotating
machines.
To compensate capacitive currents, a parallel resonance circuit can be set up.
The compensation using the CP CR (CP CR500 or CP CR600) compensation reactor is realized in two
different ways: First, by parallel circuiting the compensation reactors to measure as close as possible to
the resonance frequency when measuring with nominal frequency is required. Second, by setting the
frequency to measure at exactly the resonance frequency. The longest output duration is achieved with
testing at resonance frequency, in most cases accomplished by a combination of both procedures.
Note: The CP CR500 can only be used with the CP TD1, while the CP CR600 can only be used with the
CP TD12 or CP TD15.
The CP TD High-Voltage Source test card can be used both for manual or fully automatic testing by
toggling defined ramps and sequences. The test card is also helpful in setting up the optimum test
configuration to achieve the best possible test duration.

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9.8.1 Typical test procedure

For more information on typical test procedure refer to the following user manuals:
• CP TD1 User Manual and CP CR500 User Manual
• CP TD12/15 User Manual and CP CR600 User Manual

Main page
Define automatic test cycle Set maximum voltage
Set test voltage
Show wiring configuration (test
setup)*
Activate search of resonance
frequency
Set test frequency Activate the test to determine
the test capacitance

Activate
configuration of test setup with the
CP CR

Time of the test. The time

Set or show test capacitance
starts again from zero if Keep
Result is pressed.

Select or show compensation

inductance

Show the sequence number (only in Measured Watt losses of the test setup (test object and inductors)
automatic mode) output
voltage
Phase angle between output voltage and output current

Output current of the CP TD

*Wiring Information:

Figure 9-26: CP TD High-Voltage Source test card

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Test settings

Show minimum inductance Show maximum inductance possible with available

possible with available CP CR CP CR

Set available CP CR

Set test frequency

Show calculated inductance

for resonance frequency with
f test and capacitance set in
main page
Test information*

Shows resonance frequency with

selected L comp. and
Select or show compensation capacitance set in main page
inductance combinations
possible with available
CP CR Show configuration for selected L comp.

*Test Information:

► Set your CP CR you have available. Press the Save as Default key. The settings will be saved for
future use of the test card.

Figure 9-27: CP TD High-Voltage Source test settings

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Activate C test
1. Set your test voltage for the capacity test (V test).
2. Press the Check C… button.
3. The dialog shows the internal connection of the CP TD and the test mode (GSTg-A+B), as well as
the test setup:

Figure 9-28: Activate C Test

4. User beeper: activate or deactivate beeper.

5. Perform shield check: activate or deactivate the shield check of the high-voltage cable.
6. Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
7. The test progress is shown in the status bar. During the measurement, the test voltage can be set or
changed.
8.C and Tanδ are shown during and after the test and the best L comp. is set for the frequency
chosen and the measured capacity.
If the capacity cannot be compensated with the available CP CR set in the main page and the chosen
frequency, an information symbol will appear next to the L comp. field. If you click this symbol, the
warning message shows the L calculated for the resonance frequency with the given C and f test, and
the L comp. which comes the closest to the L calc. and f test.

Figure 9-29: Warning message

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Search f0…
1. Set the test voltage (V test).
2. Press the Search f0… button.
3. The dialog shows the internal connection of the CP TD and the test mode (GST), as well as the test
setup:

Figure 9-30: Activate Auto f0 Search

4. User beeper: activate or deactivate beeper.

5. Perform shield check: activate or deactivate the shield check of the high-voltage cable.
6. Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the search.
7. The search progress is shown in the status bar. During the measurement, the test voltage can be set
or changed.
8. The resonance frequency f0 for the test setup is set in f test:

Figure 9-31: Set resonance frequency

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9. If the resonance frequency cannot be found with the frequency range of 15 Hz to 400 Hz, a warning
message appears:

Figure 9-32: Warning message

t on time
If the CP CR setting is selected, the calculated output time is shown for the given configuration (C,
L comp. and f test). The output time is limited by the needed current of the CP TD or the duty cycle of
the CP CR. The needed output current is defined by the losses of the test object, the losses of the
inductors (CP CR) and the needed capacitive or inductive current if not testing at resonance frequency
f0.
Note: The t on time is a rough calculation and is also dependent on the internal temperature of the
CP TD high-voltage transformer. Therefore, the real output time can be longer or shorter.

Appears only if use CR500/CR600 is enabled

Note: Depending on the connected CP TD device, the CPC 100 either
switches to the CP CR500 (CP TD1) or CP CR600 (CP TD12 or CP TD15)
mode.

Figure 9-33: t on time

Figure 9-34: Test information

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Test Information dialog: The test information dialog shows the known values and details of the test
setup. The rel. temperature is the relative temperature of the CP TD high-voltage transformer (0 to
100%). The t on time is always calculated for a rel. temperature < 25%. The I out estimated is the
calculated current needed from the CP TD. The actual I out can be higher or lower.

Test cycle
If the Test cycle check box is selected, the CP TD performs an automated test defined by the test cycle.

Set the sequence for the test. Up to 16 sequences can be defined

Set the slope from one

sequence to the other

Appears only if use CR500/CR600

Total time for the defined cycle is enabled
is shown (slope time and
sequence time)
Appears if the
t cycle time exceeds the estimated
max. t on time

Figure 9-35: Test cycle

If the warning symbol is selected and the handwheel or return button is pressed, the warning message
will appear:

Figure 9-36: Warning message

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Pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button of the CPC 100 will display the following dialog.
1. The dialog shows the internal connection of the CP TD and the test mode (GST), as well as the test
setup:

Figure 9-37: Activate HV Test

2. User beeper: activate or deactivate beeper.

3. Perform shield check: activate or deactivate the shield check of the high-voltage cable.
4. Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test cycle.
5. After completing the test, a result line for each sequence is generated:

Time of the test. The time starts again from zero

if Keep Result is pressed.

Show the sequence Measured Watt losses of the test setup

number output
voltage
Phase angle between output voltage and output current

Output current of the CP TD

Figure 9-38: Results of the HV test

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9.9 HV Resonance Test System

The HV Resonance Test System test card is used for generic high-voltage tests on GIS with a
resonance circuit in combination with the CP RC1 or CP RC2 test system.
For more information on typical test procedure refer to the following user manuals:
• CP RC1 User Manual
• CP RC2 User Manual

9.9.1 Test settings

The output voltage is displayed very clearly on the main page of the test card. The frequency has to be
set manually or by pressing Search f0…. The location indicator shows the controlled input channel. The
location indicator is placed either above V out (External Booster) or above VT (V1 AC).

Set output voltage Test settings

Set frequency value

Controlled input channel

Figure 9-39: HV Resonance Test Sytem test card

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Navigate to the parameter fields and enter the values according to your test requirements:

Ratio estim.: Estimated VT ratio

Search f0...: Automatic search of resonance frequency. Pressing this key will open the
following dialog:

Test cycle: Define/set automatic test cycle

VT: Voltage as defined in the settings page.
CT: Current as defined in the settings page.
V out: Output voltage at CPC 100 Ext. Booster output
I out: Output current at CPC 100 Ext. Booster output
°: The ° shows the phase angle of I out relative to V out.
Time: Time elapsed for this measurement

To set the test cycle:

Press to add state

Indicates the voltage slope between

the states

State definition

Total time of test cycle

Figure 9-40: Test cycle settings

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Pressing the Settings menu key opens the settings page.

Figure 9-41: Settings page of the HV Resonance Test System test card

CT ratio: Nominal CT ratio according to CT nameplate

VT ratio nom.: Nominal VT ratio according to VT nameplate
Estimate HV@f0=n/a: Select if no measurement VT is available. Selecting this check box will show
a different circuit diagram on the test card:

X sc@100Hz: Short-circuit impedance of the power VT at 100 Hz

VT ratio w/ loss=: Estimated power VT ratio with losses

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After determining the resonance frequency, the settings page will show additional information (marked
in red):

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10 Common functions
This chapter describes functions and procedures that repeat in all or various test cards. Since these
functions are operated in the same fashion on all test cards, they are explained only once in a central
place.

10.1 Test assessment

The test assessment is a manual procedure carried out by the user.
The example below shows an assessment made at a VTRatio test card. However, the assessment
procedure is carried out in the same fashion on all test cards.

Figure 10-1: VTRatio test card - test assessment

After the test, set the focus on the assessment symbol by turning the handwheel.
If this symbol is selected, the test card’s bottom line shortly shows "Change test assessment [OK/
Failed]", and then returns to "Assessed: n/a".
The scale symbol designates that no manual assessment was done yet.
The context-dependent menu keys now provide the option to manually assess the test as either OK or
Failed.
Assessing the test appends the actual date and time to the bottom line string "Assessed:" and displays
a corresponding icon on the screen:
Test OK
Test failed

Pressing Clear Assess. clears both the assessment and the assessment’s date/time stamp in the
bottom line, and lets you renew your assessment.

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10.2 The String Editor

The String Editor is used to name or rename test cards, tests and templates as well as to fill out the
Comment card.
Every time such an operation becomes necessary, the String Editor starts automatically.
The number of available characters to choose from depends on the String Editor’s use. If, for example,
a user-defined comment is to be entered in the Comment card, the number of available characters is
bigger as if a test is to be renamed. This difference are special characters such as !, ?, _, [ ], etc.

Important special characters:

↵ carriage return (line feed)

tab (special function in Form Editor mode; refer to 9.5.1 "Form editor - text editor:" on
page 255).

When started from Test Card View, Test Procedure Overview or File Operations, the String Editor’s
respective entry field shows a default name.
To accept the default name, press the menu key OK or Save.
To change the default name, and to enter a name of your choice
► delete the default name by repeatedly pressing the backspace key
► enter the new test or folder name by consecutively selecting the characters of your choice from the
"on-screen keyboard" with the Up / Down keys or by navigating to it with the handwheel
► acknowledge every selected character by pressing the handwheel or Enter
Use the String Editor’s arrow buttons to move the cursor to the position of your choice. These buttons
are only available if the focus is on the character selection.
On the Comment card, pressing Carriage Return starts a new line. Otherwise, Carriage Return is
disabled.
Once the new name is entered, press the context-dependent menu key OK or Save - depending on the
mode - to exit the String Editor.
Pressing Cancel closes the String Editor discarding all changes.

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10.2.1 Template phrases

The String Editor provides a feature that allows you to save phrases, that is, names of test cards, tests,
templates, folders and files. Once these phrases are saved, they can then be selected as template
phrases from the combo box "Select a phrase".

Figure 10-2: CPC 100 String Editor with focus on "Select a phrase"

How to save a phrase:

► enter a name of your choice in the way described above
► put the focus on the combo box "Select a phrase"
►press Add to Phrases to add this name to the list of template phrases.

How to select a template phrase:

► put the focus onto the combo box
► press the handwheel and turn it to browse through the list of available, that is, previously saved,
template phrases
► highlight the template phrase of your choice, and press the handwheel or the context-dependent
menu key OK. The template phrase is then automatically added to the upper entry field.

How to insert a template phrase:

► select a template phrase as described above
►once the template phrase of your choice is highlighted, press Insert into Edit. The phrase is
then automatically inserted into the upper entry field at the cursor position (refer to Figure 10-2).

How to delete a template phrase:

► highlight a template phrase as described above
►press Del from Phrases to delete the selected phrase template from the list.
Note: The Restore defaults menu key at the Options tab Device Setup (refer to "Device
Setup" on page 56) resets all user-specific settings made in the CPC 100 software to factory-
defined defaults. This also includes the String Editor’s template phrases.

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11 CPC 100 in a network

11.1 General
The interface to access the CPC 100 built-in ePC is an Ethernet board. The CPC 100 can be connected
with a 10BaseT ("twisted pair") connection cable to either a stand-alone PC, or an existing PC network.
For this, the Ethernet board provides one RJ-45 connector (for CPC 100 V1):

RJ-45 connector

Figure 11-1: RJ-45 connector of the CPC 100

The communication protocol is the TCP/IP protocol.

11.2 Setting the communication parameters

11.2.1 CPC 100
For two devices to communicate using TCP/IP (the most-commonly used protocol for Ethernet), both
devices need a unique network address, that is, an address that is different from all other addresses
within this network.
In addition, these devices need an identical subnet mask.
The CPC 100 communication parameters are set on the Network tab of the Options view (refer
to "Network" on page 58).

DHCP/Auto-IP
Most PC networks have a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server that provides an address
for every device connected to the network and defines the subnet mask. When connected to such a
network, setting the CPC 100 to DHCP/Auto-IP mode enables it to obtain an address from the DHCP
server. If there is no DHCP server (for example, because the CPC 100 is directly connected to a PC),
the CPC 100 generates its address automatically (Auto-IP).
Older versions of Microsoft Windows, such as Windows 95 or NT 4.0, support DHCP but not Auto-IP.
For details about how to establish a communication via a direct connection, refer to the section ”Because
there is no DHCP server present when a CPC is connected directly to a PC (point to point), the CPC 100
is capable of providing the PC with a valid address as long as there is no server detected and the

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CPC 100 Start Page is running on the PC. The address is chosen from the Auto-IP address range, so it
does not interfere with other addresses within the network. It is also assured that only those PCs are
provided with an IP address that run the CPC 100 Start Page.” on page 276 of this chapter.

Static IP
In smaller PC networks, all computers have individual static IP addresses. The system administrator has
to assure that no IP address is used twice. He provides you with a unique address and all other settings
for the CPC 100.
If, by mistake, an IP address is used twice in the network, communication of one or both of the devices
will fail to work.
If you are in doubt, set the PC and CPC 100 to DHCP/Auto-IP.

IP address
This is the unique network address of CPC 100. You need this setting only if static IP addresses are
used. Your system administrator will provide you with a valid static IP address.

Subnet mask
This is the filter for the IP address. It has to be identical for all devices within one network. You need this
setting only if static IP addresses are used. Your system administrator will provide you with a valid subnet
mask.

Default gateway
This is the address of a local IP router on the same network the CPC 100 is in. It is used to enable data
traffic to destinations beyond the local network.
Commonly, the default gateway is not needed and can therefore be set to 0.0.0.0 for DCHP/Auto IP. This
setting is only accessible if static IP addresses are used. Your system administrator will provide you with
details.

DNS
This is the address of the Domain Name System server. Commonly, this address is not needed and can
therefore be set to 0.0.0.0. This setting is only accessible if static IP addresses are used. Your system
administrator will provide you with details.

11.2.2 PC or Notebook
If your PC or notebook is capable of communicating in a PC network, communication with your CPC 100
either within a network or via a direct connection to the CPC 100, should work without changing any of
your PC settings.
Note: To avoid possible communication problems, we recommend to first fully boot the CPC 100, then
connect the CPC 100 to the PC and eventually start the CPC 100 Start Page.
Computers with a Windows 95 or a NT 4.0 operating system need a special setup. These details are
explained in chapter "Because there is no DHCP server present when a CPC is connected directly to a
PC (point to point), the CPC 100 is capable of providing the PC with a valid address as long as there is
no server detected and the CPC 100 Start Page is running on the PC. The address is chosen from the
Auto-IP address range, so it does not interfere with other addresses within the network. It is also assured
that only those PCs are provided with an IP address that run the CPC 100 Start Page." on page 276.

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In a network with static IP addresses, your system administrator will provide you with valid settings for
the CPC 100.
In a network with dynamic address configuration (DHCP or Auto-IP), set your CPC 100 to "DHCP/Auto-
IP". This way, both the addresses of your PC and CPC 100 will be generated automatically.

Troubleshooting in case of communication problems

Should communication problems occur, the CPC 100 Start Page will assist you in accessing the
CPC 100 through the network, and, if possible, make useful suggestions about the settings to enter.
Generally, all you need to do is to press OK a few times to acknowledge suggested settings.
Since the CPC 100 may re-boot, make sure to save your data beforehand.
If your CPC 100 is not listed on the CPC 100 Start Page although correctly connected, you need to
check the Ethernet connection cable:

Connection from the CPC 100 network port (RJ-45) to the PC

Connect and disconnect the 10BaseT connection cable several times and check whether the "link
indicator" LED1 near the PC’s port turns on and off.
Note: In general, a communication is established quicker, however, under certain circumstances it may
take up to 2 minutes until a proper communication is set up. During this phase, we recommend to click
the Refresh button on the CPC 100 Start Page from time to time.
If you still don’t get a connection, try another 10BaseT connection cable on a different port of the hub.
If the link indicator LED works but you still cannot establish communication, try to deactivate firewall
and/or antivirus software on your computer since applications like these may interfere and prevent
proper communication.
If it still does not work, call the OMICRON hotline (see "Support" on page 332).

Firewall configuration
A correct firewall configuration is essential to successfully establish a communication between the
CPC 100 and your computer.
Note: Any change to the firewall settings mentioned below requires administrator rights on your
computer.

Windows Firewall
The configuration of the Windows Firewall is carried out automatically during the installation of the
Primary Test Manager. However, in certain cases this may have no immediate effect.
► To prevent the Windows Firewall from blocking communication, (temporarily) disable it via the
Windows Control Panel.
If you are now able to successfully establish communication, the Windows Firewall was the reason for
the blocked communication between your test set and your computer.
► Reconfigure the Windows Firewall in order to enable a permanent use of the test set without having
to disable the Windows Firewall.
For more information see "Manual firewall configuration" below.

1. LED close to your PC’s Ethernet connector that displays data traffic by going on and off.

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Third-party firewall
► If you are using a firewall other than the Windows Firewall, temporarily disable it to see if this firewall
may be the cause for the blocked communication.
For more information on configuring a third-party firewall to allow a permanent communication between
the CPC 100 and your computer, refer to "Manual firewall configuration" below.
Note: Numerous computer security programs or anti-virus packages also contain an integrated firewall
function.

Manual firewall configuration

If you would like to manually configure your firewall settings, the following ports/services have to be open
in order to get a functional communication.

Table 11-1: Inbound rules

Program/service Rule name Protocol Local Port Remote Port Local IP Remote IP
name type

OMFind.exe1 OMICRON OMFind 4987 UDP 4987 Any Any Any

(UDP-In)
OMICRON OMFind 4988 UDP 4988 Any 234.5.6.7 Any
(UDP-In)
OMICRON OMFind 4987 UDP 4987 Any Any Any
(UDP-In)
OMICRON OMFind 4988 UDP 4988 Any 234.5.6.7 Any
(UPD-In)

1. Default installation path:

64-bit: C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\OMICRON
32-bit: C:\Program Files\Common Files\OMICRON

Table 11-2: Outbound rules

Program/service Rule name Protocol Local Port Remote Port Local IP Remote IP
name type
Excel.exe OMICRON Excel File Loader TCP Any 21 Any Any
FTP CMD (TCP-Out)
OMICRON Excel File Loader TCP Any 3000 - 3020 Any Any
FTP DATA (TCP-Out)
OMICRON Excel File Loader UDP Any 69 Any Any
TFTP (UDP-Out)

Any OMICRON OMFind ICMPv4 Any Any Any Any

(ICMPv4-Out)
OMICRON Primary Test ICMPv4 Any Any Any Any
Manager (ICMPv4-Out)
ODBFileMoni- OMICRON Device Browser TCP Any 21 Any Any
1 File Monitor FTP CMD (TCP-
tor.exe
Out)
OMICRON Device Browser TCP Any 3000 - 3020 Any Any
File Monitor FTP DATA
(TCP-Out)

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Table 11-2: Outbound rules (continued)

Program/service Rule name Protocol Local Port Remote Port Local IP Remote IP
name type

OMFind.exe1 OMICRON OMFind 4988 UDP Any 4988 Any 234.5.6.7

(UDP-Out)
2 OMICRON CPCEditor FTP TCP Any 21 Any Any
CPCEditor.exe
CMD (TCP-Out)
OMICRON CPCEditor FTP TCP Any 3000 - 3020 Any Any
DATA (TCP-Out)
OMICRON CPCEditor TFTP UDP Any 69 Any Any
(UDP-Out)
CPCStart- CPCStartPage FTP CMD TCP Any 21 Any Any
Page.exe2 (TCP-Out)
CPCStartPage FTP DATA TCP Any 3000 - 3020 Any Any
(TCP-Out)
CPCStartPage TFTP (UDP- UDP Any 69 Any Any
Out)
CPCUp- CPCUpgrade FTP CMD TCP Any 21 Any Any
grade.exe2 (TCP-Out)
CPCUpgrade FTP DATA TCP Any 3000 - 3020 Any Any
(TCP-Out)
CPCUpgrade TFTP (UDP- UDP Any 69 Any Any
Out)

PTM.exe2 OMICRON Primary Test TCP Any 6642 Any Any

Manager 6642 (TCP-Out)

explorer.exe OMICRON Device Browser TCP Any 21 Any Any

FTP CMD (TCP-Out)
OMICRON Device Browser TCP Any 3000 - 3020 Any Any
FTP DATA (TCP-Out)
OMICRON Device Browser UDP Any 69 Any Any
TFTP (UDP-Out)

1. Default installation path:

64-bit: C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\OMICRON
32-bit: C:\Program Files\Common Files\OMICRON
2. Default installation path: C:\Program Files\OMICRON\PTM

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DHCP allocator service

In most PC networks there is a DHCP server that provides the connected network nodes with valid
addresses. That way, every PC in the network is assigned a unique address.
Because there is no DHCP server present when a CPC is connected directly to a PC (point to point), the
CPC 100 is capable of providing the PC with a valid address as long as there is no server detected and
the CPC 100 Start Page is running on the PC. The address is chosen from the Auto-IP address range,
so it does not interfere with other addresses within the network. It is also assured that only those PCs
are provided with an IP address that run the CPC 100 Start Page.

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12 OMICRON Device Link

12.1 General
OMICRON Device Link manages the communication between a PC and OMICRON devices. It offers
the required infrastructure to access and configure all devices connected to your computer via USB,
Ethernet, or Wi-Fi.
For devices with internal storage like the CPC 100, in addition the OMICRON File Browser can be used
for file exchange and preparation.

Figure 12-1: OMICRON Device Link

12.2 Installation of OMICRON Device Link

The OMICRON Device Link software is included on the Primary Test Manager (PTM) DVD and will be
automatically installed together with Primary Test Manager.
Note: When installing PTM, beside OMICRON Device Link, OMICRON Device Link extensions for
enabling the OMICRON File Browser are installed as wffffell.

12.2.1 System requirements

For the installation requirements, see 2.5.1 "System requirements" on page 70.

12.3 Using OMICRON Device Link

12.3.1 Starting OMICRON Device Link
OMICRON Device Link can be accessed via:
• the OMICRON Device Link icon on the Desktop
• the CPC Start Page > Tools > OMICRON Device Link
• the PTM Home View > Device > Start OMICRON Device Link

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12.3.2 OMICRON File Browser

The OMICRON File Browser enables access to the internal storage of the CPC 100. Within the
CPC 100 storage, test data as well logfiles are organized.
The OMICRON File Browser is designed in a side by side view, whereas the left part displays the PC
storage and the right the CPC 100 storage.

Figure 12-2: OMICRON File Browser

12.3.3 Functionality of the OMICRON File Browser

File Copy
Copy a file to the device from the PC and vice versa.
• UI Element: Copy to device, Copy to Computer
• Shortcut key: CTRL + S
Note: Operation is enabled, once a file has been selected.

Context menu
The context menu can be accessed, by performing a right-mouse button click on a file.

Figure 12-3: OMICRON File Browser context menu

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Create New folder

Create a new folder on the PC or device.
• UI Element: Context menu > New Folder
• Shortcut key: CTRL + N

Rename
Rename a file or folder on the PC or device.
• UI Element: Context menu > Rename
• Shortcut key: F2

Delete
Delete a file or folder on the PC or device.
• UI Element: Context menu > Delete
• Shortcut key: Del

Navigation to previous location

Navigate to a folder on a higher hierarchy
• UI Element: symbol
Note: You can also select a folder directly by left-clicking on an entry in the Adress bar,
• Shortcut key: ALT + Up Arrow
Note: User drives usually are organized within C: Users > [UserName]

12.4 Updating the CPC 100 embedded software

The CPC 100 embedded software must be compatible with the Primary Test Manager software. You can
update the CPC 100 embedded software by using one of the following procedures.

12.4.1 Updating via PTM Home view

To update the CPC 100 embedded software in the Primary Test Manager home view:
1. In the home view, select the device you want to update from the list.
2. Click More beneath the Connect button, and then click Update device software.
3. In the Select CPC Upgrade Image dialog box, double-click the UpgradeV1.upg file.
► Alternatively, select the device you want to update from the list, and then click Connect. Primary Test
Manager will prompt you to update the CPC 100 embedded software, if necessary.

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12.4.2 Updating software via OMICRON Device Link

To update the CPC 100 embedded software by using Device Link:
1. Exit Primary Test Manager if it is running.
2. Double-click the OMICRON Device Link icon on the desktop.
3. In the Device Link window, left-click the CPC 100 device you want to update, and then click
Update firmware to progress to the file selection screen.
4. Left-click the Choose image button to open the file selection dialogue.
5. You can find the update file:
• On the Primary Test Manager DVD at
.\_EmbeddedSoftware\CPC100\V1 device\UpgradeV1.upg
• On the hard disk of your computer at
C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\OMICRON\UpgradeImages\CPC100\UpgradeV1.upg
► Alternatively, for embedded Chinese language support, choose UpgradeV1_CHS (Chinese
Simplified) or UpgradeV1_CHT (Chinese Traditional)
6. After the update has finished, CPC 100 reboots automatically.
7. Restart Primary Test Manager after the update procedure has finished.

12.4.3 Upgrading licenses via Device Link

To update a CPC 100 license by using OMICRON Device Link:
1. Exit Primary Test Manager if it is running.
2. Double-click the OMICRON Device Link icon on the desktop.
3. In the Device Link window, left-click the CPC 100 device you want to update, and then click
Manage licenses to progress to the file selection screen.
4. Select the license upgrade package (.upg) and click Open.
5. Click Yes to proceed with the license upgrade when prompted.
6. After the update has finished, reboot the CPC 100 device.
For detailed information, contact your local OMICRON sales representative or distributor.

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13 CPC Editor
13.1 General
The CPC Editor is used for offline test preparation, that is to set up single test cards and/or entire tests
with all of their test-specific settings on a PC, independent from the availability of a CPC 100.

The prepared test file (.xml file1) is then uploaded to the CPC 100 using the
OMICRON <product_name>Device Browser.
The CPC Editor also opens executed and assessed test files that were downloaded from the CPC 100
to your computer to view them, edit them, and, if required, save them on your computer’s hard disk.
Additionally, a test file can be saved as test procedure template, that is a user-defined template
containing one or more test cards with all of their specific test settings. To learn more about templates
in general, please refer to 2.4.11 "Creating defaults and templates" on page 67.

13.1.1 Installing the CPC Editor

For the installation procedure, see 2.5 "Installation of the CPC 100 Toolset" on page 69.

1. An .xml file is a test with all of its test cards and specific settings. It may also contain test results and assessments that were
stored together with the settings as report in the CPC 100 file system for archiving purposes.

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13.2 Working with the CPC Editor

Note: This section describes the CPC Editor-specific functionality only.
Since the user interfaces and the functionality of the CPC Editor test cards largely resemble the actual
test cards in the CPC 100, all information about the definition and meaning of the single test card
parameters can be found in the chapters of the respective test cards.
To start the CPC Editor, click the CPC Editor icon on the CPC 100 Start Page.

1
2

Figure 13-1: CPC Editor user interface holding one blank Quick test card

Apart from the pull-down menus and the toolbar, the CPC Editor interface consists of two panes:

1 •The left-hand side list view pane resembles the Test Procedure Overview of the CPC 100 software
(refer to 2.4.6 "Test procedure overview" on page 53), and lists test cards showing the card’s name,
its creation date and time, whether test results are available and the test card’s assessment status.

2 •The right-hand side test card pane resembles the user interface of the selected test card as it is
laid out in the CPC 100 software. Here, the test card-specific parameters are specified.

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13.2.1 Appending a test card

Appending a test card means:
• appending it to an empty list, that is, make it the first test card
• appending it to the last position of an already existing list of test cards.
When the CPC Editor starts, the list view pane is empty. To insert a test card, either
► right-click the list view pane to open the shortcut menu and click Insert Test Card...

Figure 13-2: Shortcut menu of the list view pane

► or select the pull-down menu item Insert | Test Card...

In the Insert Test Card dialog box, select the test card of your choice and click Append.

Insert only
becomes available
if there are already
test cards in the list
(refer to ”Inserting a
Test Card” on page
284 of this chapter).

Figure 13-3: Insert Test Card dialog

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13.2.2 Inserting a Test Card

Inserting a test card means: inserting it into an already defined list of test cards.
The procedure of inserting resembles the one of appending a test card (described in ”Appending a test
card” on page 283 of this chapter). The difference is that the inserted test card is positioned in the list
right before the currently selected test card rather than appended to the end.

Already defined list of test cards, TRRatio selected.

Select
• Insert|TestCard
• VTRatio
• Insert

VTRatio is inserted before the selected TRRatio test card.

Figure 13-4: Example: inserting a VTRatio test card to an existing list of test cards

13.2.3 Inserting from file

Select Insert | From File... to browse for a previously saved .xml file. This .xml file is a test file that
was either
• previously created with the CPC Editor, and saved to the computer’s hard disk
• or previously created (and even executed and assessed) with the CPC 100, and then uploaded to
the computer’s hard disk by means of the OMICRON <product_name>Device Browser.
Just like inserting a single test card, inserting an .xml file means, positioning its entire contents (one or
more test cards) in the list right before the currently selected test card.

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13.2.4 Copying a test card

In most cases, it is easier to copy/paste an existing and already parametrized test card, and to rename
it accordingly, than to start a new one from the beginning.
To copy a test card either
► right-click the list view pane to open the shortcut menu and click Copy
► or select Edit | Copy.
This copies the selected test card to the Clipboard.
You now have three choices.
1. Insert the test card from the Clipboard into your list view:
► either right-click the list view pane to open the shortcut menu and click Insert Copied Test Card
► or select Insert | Test card copied
Note: Note that the inserted test card is positioned in the list right before the currently selected test
card.
2. Paste the test card from the Clipboard into the list view overwriting a test card of your choice:
► either right-click the list view pane to open the shortcut menu and click Paste
► or select Edit | Paste
Note: Note that the selected test card is overwritten by the one pasted from the Clipboard.
3. Paste the test card from the Clipboard into the list view of another running instance of the CPC Editor:
Change to the other running instance of the CPC Editor, or start the CPC Editor once more and
► insert the test card either via the shortcut menu item Insert Copied Test Card or the pull-down
menu item Insert Copied Test Card
► or overwrite the selected test card with the test card from the Clipboard either via the shortcut
menu item Paste or the pull-down menu item Edit | Paste.

13.2.5 Renaming a test card

To rename the currently selected test card to any new name of your choice
► either right-click the list view pane to open the shortcut menu and click Rename
► or select Test card | Rename
Enter the name of our choice (256 characters max.) and press Enter.

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13.2.6 Saving a test

Click the Save icon or select File | Save with the "Save as type:" option "CPC files (*.xml)" to save
the currently open test, that is, the test card(s) listed in the list view with all of their settings, under
its actual name.
If this test does not have a name yet, the Save As dialog box opens. Browse to the destination folder of
your choice, and name your test accordingly.
Note: The file name extension .xml is appended automatically. Do not enter any other file name
extension as the File Open command will then not show this file anymore.

13.2.7 Saving a test as template

Using the File | Save As... command with the "Save as type:" option "CPC templates (*.xmt)", any test
file can be saved as a test procedure template, that is, a user-defined template containing one or more
test cards with all of their specific test settings but without test results.
Note: To learn more about templates in general, please refer to 2.4.11 "Creating defaults and templates"
on page 67.
In this process, the settings of the original name.xml file are taken over to the newly created test
procedure template name.xmt. Possible test results in the name.xml file, however, are not taken over.
The original file name.xml remains unchanged.
The template is then uploaded to the CPC 100 using the OMICRON <product_name>Device Browser.
Note: The file name extension .xmt is appended automatically. Do not enter any other file name
extension as the CPC 100 will not recognize it as a valid template.

13.2.8 Deleting a test card

To delete a test card from a test or a test procedure template
► either right-click the list view pane to open the shortcut menu and click Delete
► or select Edit | Delete
Note: To delete an entire test or template, that is, an .xml or .xmt file, from your computer, use
Windows Explorer.

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13.2.9 Preparing a test offline using a PC

Outline of a typical proceeding for an offline test preparation with a PC using the CPC Editor and
OMICRON <product_name>Device Browser.
It is recommended to create subfolders in a tree structure that corresponds with the substation, for
example:

Figure 13-5: Representation of the substation "Sulz" with its two 3-phase feeders "Klaus" and "Roethis"
in a folder tree structure

► Start the CPC Editor

► Set up the required test card(s) for this substation, compose your entire test, and eventually save the
test in the appropriate folder that you created before.
Note: If single test cards or entire tests are similar or even identical, use the CPC Editor’s copy/paste
functionality, rather than creating new tests from the beginning.
For example:

► Right-clicking a test file and selecting Open With and OMICRON CPC Editor from the context menu
starts the CPC Editor, loads the file and lets you edit it.

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► Once all tests are composed, use the OMICRON <product_name>Device Browser’s upload function
to transfer the entire tree structure from your PC to the CPC 100 at once. Single files can be
transferred directly from the CPC Editor using Save as… from the File menu.

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14 CPC Excel File Loader

14.1 General
The CPC Excel File Loader allows loading XML files into Microsoft Excel templates for post processing.
The CPC Excel File Loader is installed with the CPC 100 Start Page. After the installation, you can start
the CPC Excel File Loader directly from the CPC 100 Start Page by clicking on the respective icon.

14.1.1 System requirements

For the installation requirements, see 2.5.1 "System requirements" on page 70.

14.1.2 Installing the CPC Excel File Loader

For the installation procedure, see 2.5 "Installation of the CPC 100 Toolset" on page 69.

14.2 Working with the CPC Excel File Loader

The CPC Excel File Loader allows loading XML files generated with the CPC 100 into Microsoft Excel
templates for post-processing. Every test card within an XML file is represented by a sheet of a Microsoft
Excel workbook. You can load new XML files into the Microsoft Excel template by generating all sheets
or by loading data into existing sheets of the workbook. The mapping between the data in the file and in
the sheets is done by using the same name for the CPC 100 test card and the corresponding sheet.
Note: Due to the mapping of the data, use unique names for the test cards in the XML files.
Because the results are converted into Microsoft Excel compatible numbers, post-processing of the data
is straightforward. In a blank customer sheet, you can reference to the data in the sheets designed by
OMICRON using Microsoft Excel formulas. Then, if the data in the OMICRON sheets is updated, the
customer sheet is updated, too. By this means, special forms for post-processing of the data, the so-
called templates, can be created easily.

14.3 Template usage

Templates are pairs of XML documents and Microsoft Excel templates designed by OMICRON or end
users for designated applications. The XML templates are predefined test procedures, often with
comments, that run on the CPC 100 and guide the user through the test. Once completed, the XML file
is saved, downloaded to the PC and then loaded into the corresponding Microsoft Excel template. There
the results are post-processed and a final test report is generated. The template pairs facilitate and
speed testing with the CPC 100 and the evaluation of results.
Note: The version of the two templates must match. There is a version check. If an error message
appears after loading the XML template, the templates do not match. Thus, use a template pair of the
same version.
To run a test procedure according to a template:
1. Upload the XML template or a whole folder of templates for the intended application from the PC to
the CPC 100.
The XML templates (*.xmt files) are available on the CPC 100 Start Page.
2. Open the template on the CPC 100.

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3. Run the test procedure according to the template.

4. After completing the test procedure, save the test as a new file.
5. Open the corresponding Microsoft Excel template by double-clicking the *.xlt file in the folder
labeled with the test procedure name. A Microsoft Excel workbook appears.
6. Click the Load XML-File button and open the *.xml file directly from your CPC 100. The
CPC Excel File Loader loads the test results from the XML file to the Microsoft Excel template.
7. After all worksheets are filled with data, the test results are calculated and displayed.

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15 Technical data
15.1 General
• In the following tables, all guaranteed input data are specified for an ambient temperature of 23 °C ±
5 °C, a power supply of 230 V AC, and after a warm-up time greater than 25 min.
• All guaranteed output data are valid for the period of one year after factory adjustment.
• The error values of each measurement range (listed under "Accuracy" in the following tables) are
specified in

% of the reading (rd) + % of full scale (fs)

To obtain the exact measurement error, multiply the displayed measured value with the given reading
error (rd), and add the full scale value multiplied with the given full scale error (fs).
Example:
– The CPC 100 is set to the 800A AC range.
– The display shows a measured value of 720 A at I Out.
– The guaranteed error is specified as 0.2% (rd) + 0.2% (fs).
– Therefore, the error is 720 A x 0.2% (rd) + 800 A x 0.2% (fs)
= 1.44 A + 1.6 A = 3.04 A.
Note: All guaranteed specifications refer to standard AC or DC measurements. Other measurements,
such as frequency-selective measurements, or measurements after a numeric integrator (like used with
the CTRogowski test card) can have slightly higher errors.
• The listed value of the typical maximum output time "typical time tmax" applies
– at the high-current 800A AC and 400A DC outputs to a load consisting of 2x6 m cables
– at the other outputs to the respective typical output power.
► Do not connect the 2kV output to any of the inputs. The 2kV output is measured internally.
• A higher ambient and/or operational temperature reduces both the typical maximum output time
"typical time tmax" and case by case the maximum output current accordingly.
Also refer to "Temperature monitoring" on page 52.
• When loaded with a high burden, the 800A AC, 400A DC, 6A AC (also in the 3A AC mode) and
6A DC outputs can generate noise. This noise, however, is normal and no reason to worry.
Note: Only one output at a time can be used, that is, either 800A AC or 400A DC or 2kV AC or...

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All guaranteed AC specifications refer to frequencies of 45 Hz < f < 65 Hz. Frequencies above 400 Hz
are filtered out. Measurements below 15 Hz are not stable.
amplitude [dB]

frequency [Hz]

Figure 15-1: Typical frequency response of analog inputs: amplitude = f (frequency)

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15.2 Power supply

Note: For safety-relevant issues regarding CPC 100 power supply, also refer to 1.8 "Power supply" on
page 20.

Table 15-1: Mains power supply technical data

Mains Power Supply

Connection AC voltage, 1 phase, connector IEC320/C20
Voltage single phase
• nominal voltage 100 ... 240V AC
• permitted range 85 ... 264V AC
Power fuse Automatic circuit breaker with magnetic overcurrent tripping at I > 16 A
Power consumption < 7000 VA short-term (< 10 s)
Frequency
• nominal frequency 50 / 60 Hz
• permitted range 45 ... 65 Hz

Note: If the power supply is ≤ 190V AC, the CPC 100 cannot provide the full output power at the
800A AC output. The same applies when an external booster is used. Therefore, in order to gain the full
output power, provide a sufficient power supply (190V ... 240V AC).

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15.3 CPC 100 outputs

Note: Due to safety-relevant issues regarding the CPC 100 high-current and high-voltage outputs, also
read 1.11 "High-voltage and high-current outputs" on page 23.

15.3.1 High-current and high-voltage outputs

The high-current and high-voltage outputs are all situated at the left-hand side of the CPC 100.

800A AC output
Note: While using the 800A AC output, disconnect any cables that may be plugged in to the 400A DC
output. These outputs are internally connected.

Table 15-2: 800A AC output technical data

800A AC output
Connection 10 mm connectors
Insulation Internally connected to the 400A DC output, insulated against all other inputs
and outputs.
Voltage with reference to earth must not exceed 300 Vrms and 420 Vpeak on
either socket.
Reinforced insulation against mains power supply, all interfaces and other
safety low-voltage circuits.
Output power at: typical app. power typical time tmax duty cycle ton / toff frequency
Smax
800 A 4800 VA 25 s 5 s / 55 s 50 ... 60 Hz
600 A 3780 VA 200 s 5 s / 25 s

400 A 2560 VA 500 s 5s/5s

300 A 1940 VA 15 min 10 s / 5 s

1300 VA >2h cont. ON

200 A
Measurement Internal precision current measurement from 0 ... 800A AC
Abs. max. rating: limited through output
Accuracy: typ. error < ± 0.1% (rd) ± 0.1% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.2% (rd) ± 0.2% (fs)
Possible crest factor: < 1.5
Phase tolerance typ. error < ± 0.1°,
at full scale: guaranteed < ± 0.2°
Resolution: Measurement Display
100 mA/bit 10 mA
Connection: internally connected

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voltage in Vrms

frequency in Hz

Figure 15-2: Typical maximum output voltage of 800A AC output depending on frequency and current

Note: The signal for the 800A AC output is generated by an internal transformer. To avoid saturation,
sudden magnitude changes are suppressed and the signal is output as a ramp. For several applications
the magnitude change is deferred even more, for example, for CT ratio measurements.
The ramp changes for a full magnitude are
• one period of the signal, regardless of the size of the change for an increase ramp
• 300 ms for a decreasing ramp, or accordingly less if the magnitude change is only a fraction of its full
value.

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400A DC output
Note: While using the 400A DC output, disconnect any cables that may be plugged in to the 800A AC
output. These outputs are internally connected.

Table 15-3: 400A DC output technical data

400A DC output
Connection 10 mm connectors
Insulation Internally connected to the 800A AC output, insulated against all other inputs
and outputs.
Voltage with reference to earth must not exceed 300Vrms and 420Vpeak on
either socket.
Reinforced insulation against mains power supply, all interfaces and other
safety low-voltage circuits.
Output power at: typ. power Pmax typical time tmax
400 A 2600 W 140 s
300 A 1950 W 3 min

200 A 1300 W >2h

100 A 630 W >> 2 h

Measurement Internal precision current measurement from 0 ... 400A DC

Abs. max. rating: limited through output
Accuracy: typ. error < ± 0.2% (rd) ± 0.05% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.4% (rd) ± 0.1%(fs)
Resolution: Measurement Display
100 mA/bit 10 mA
Connection: internally connected

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2kV AC output
Note: While using the 2kV AC output, disconnect any cables that may be plugged in to any of the high-
current outputs (800A AC or 400A DC).

Table 15-4: Technical data of 2kV AC output - all ranges

2kV AC output - all ranges

Connection High-voltage sockets
Insulation Insulated against all other inputs and outputs.
Voltage with reference to earth must not exceed 2000Vrms and 2800Vpeak on
either socket.
Reinforced insulation against mains power supply, all interfaces and other
safety low-voltage circuits.
Measurement Internal precision current and voltage measurement, integrated in the
CPC 100 (for details, see tables below).
Abs. max. rating: limited through output
Connection: internally connected

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Table 15-5: Technical data of 2kV AC output at a voltage range of 2000V

2kV AC output at a voltage range of 2000V

Maximum current Peak current Ipeak < 3.0 A
Effective current Irms < 1.25 A
Output power at: typical apparent power typical time tmax frequency
Smax
2000 V / 1.25 A 2500 VA 60 s 50…200 Hz
2000 V / 1 A 2000 VA 130 s 50...200 Hz
2000 V / 0.5 A 1000 VA >2h 50...400 Hz
Measurement Voltage and current
Voltage Range: 0 ... 2000V AC
Accuracy: typ. error <± 0.05%(rd) ± 0.05%(fs),
guaranteed <± 0.1% (rd) ± 0.1% (fs)
Possible crest factor: < 1.5
Phase tolerance at full typ. error < ± 0.1°,
scale: guaranteed < ± 0.2°
Resolution: Measurement Display
100 mV/bit 10 mV
Current Ranges (automatic 0 ... 5A AC
range selection): 0 ... 500mA AC
Accuracy: 5A: typ. error
< ± 0.2% (rd) ± 0.05% (fs),
guaranteed
< ± 0.4% (rd) ± 0.1% (fs)
500mA: typ. error
< ± 0.05% (rd) ± 0.05% (fs),
guaranteed
< ± 0.1% (rd) ± 0.1% (fs)
Possible peak value: ± 20A
Resolution: Measurement Display
5A: 1 mA/bit
500mA: 100 μA/bit
Phase tolerance at full typ. error < ± 0.1°,
scale: guaranteed < ± 0.2°

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Table 15-6: Technical data of 2kV AC output at a voltage range of 1000V

2kV AC output at a voltage range of 1000 V

Maximum current Peak current Ipeak < 6.0 A
Effective current Irms < 2.5 A
Output power at: typical apparent power typical time tmax frequency
Smax
1000 V / 2.5 A 2500 VA 60 s 50 … 200 Hz
1000 V / 2 A 2000 VA 130 s 50 ... 200 Hz
1000 V / 1 A 1000 VA >2h 50 ... 400 Hz
Measurement Voltage and current
Voltage Range: 0 ... 1000V AC
Accuracy: typ. error <± 0.05%(rd) ± 0.05%(fs),
guaranteed <± 0.1% (rd) ± 0.1% (fs)
Possible crest factor: < 1.5
Phase tolerance at full typ. error < ± 0.15°,
scale: guaranteed < ± 0.3°
Current Ranges (automatic 0 ... 5A AC
range selection): 0 ... 500mA AC
Accuracy: 5A: typ. error
< ± 0.2% (rd) ± 0.05% (fs),
guaranteed
< ± 0.4% (rd) ± 0.1% (fs)
500mA: typ. error
< ± 0.05% (rd) ± 0.05% (fs),
guaranteed
< ± 0.1% (rd) ± 0.1% (fs)
Possible peak value: ± 20A
Resolution: Measurement Display
5A: 1 mA/bit
500mA: 100 μA/bit
Phase tolerance at full typ. error < ± 0.1°,
scale: guaranteed < ± 0.2°

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Table 15-7: Technical data of 2kV AC output at a voltage range of 500 V

2kV AC output at a voltage range of 500V

Maximum current Peak current Ipeak < 12.0 A
Effective current Irms < 5.0 A
Output power at: typical apparent power typical time tmax frequency
Smax
500 V / 5 A 2500 VA 60 s 50 … 200 Hz
500 V / 4 A 2000 VA 130 s 50 ... 200 Hz
500 V / 2 A 1000 VA >2h 50 ... 400 Hz
Measurement Voltage and current
Voltage Range: 0 ... 500V AC
Accuracy: typ. error <± 0.05%(rd) ± 0.05%(fs),
guaranteed <± 0.1% (rd) ± 0.1% (fs)
Possible crest factor: < 1.5
Phase tolerance at full typ. error < ± 0.2°,
scale: guaranteed < ± 0.4°
Current Ranges (automatic 0 ... 5A AC
range selection): 0 ... 500mA AC
Accuracy: 5A: typ. error
< ± 0.2% (rd) ± 0.05% (fs),
guaranteed
< ± 0.4% (rd) ± 0.1% (fs)
500mA: typ. error
< ± 0.05% (rd) ± 0.05% (fs), guaranteed
< ± 0.1% (rd) ± 0.1% (fs)
Possible peak value: ± 20A
Resolution: Measurement Display
5A: 1 mA/bit
500mA: 100 μA/bit
Phase tolerance at full typ. error < ± 0.1°,
scale: guaranteed < ± 0.2°

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voltage in % of full scale

frequency in Hz

Figure 15-3: Typical maximum output voltage of 2kV AC output depending on frequency and power

Note: The 2kV AC output signal is generated by an internal transformer. To avoid saturation, sudden
magnitude changes are suppressed. The signal is output as a ramp. For several applications the
magnitude change is deferred even more, for example, for Voltage Withstand to avoid stress of the
device under test.
The fastest possible ramp changes for a full magnitude are
• 1200 ms for an increasing ramp
• 300 ms for a decreasing ramp.
The ramps need accordingly less if the magnitude change is only a fraction of its full value.
The 2kV AC output is electronically controlled to provide the nominal voltage. Consequently, the output
impedance is of no importance.

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15.3.2 Outputs on the CPC 100 front panel

Note: The outputs of the CPC 100 front panel are not controlled.
Furthermore, there is no internal measurement provided. To measure a front panel output signal,
connect it to a measuring input:
• current measurement: IAC/DC input
• voltage measurement: V1 AC or V DC input

6A / 130V AC output
Note: While using the 6A / 130V AC output, disconnect any cables that may be plugged in to any of the
high-current outputs (800A AC or 400A DC), or to the 6A DC output.

Table 15-8: Technical data of 6A / 130V AC output - all ranges

6A / 130V AC output - all ranges

Connection 4 mm banana sockets
Insulation The 6A/130V AC output is internally connected with the 6A DC output. Apart
from this, the output is insulated against all other inputs and outputs.
Voltage with reference to earth must not exceed 200 Vrms and 280 V peak on
either socket.
Reinforced insulation against mains power supply, all interfaces and other
safety low-voltage circuits.
Measurement No internal measurement provided. To measure this output signal, connect it to
a measuring input:
current measurement: at IAC/DC input
voltage measurement: at V1 AC input

Table 15-9: Technical data of 6A / 130V AC output in 130V AC mode

6A / 130V AC output in 130V AC mode

Output power at: typical apparent power typical time tmax frequency
Smax
130V 390 VA >2h 50 ... 400Hz
Fuses Type: 3.15A T
The 3.15 Amps slow-acting wire fuse 5x20 mm, situated at the front panel’s
AC OUTPUT group, protects the AC OUTPUT in 130V voltage mode.
6.3A T
If the 6.3 Amps fuse is blown, the 130V AC output mode does not work either.

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Note: The 130V AC output has a setting range of 150 V. The set voltage represents the no-load voltage,
that is, when a load is connected, the voltage at the 130V output will reduce by approx. 5 V / A
voltage Vrms

frequency in Hz

Figure 15-4: Typical maximum output voltage of 6A / 130V AC output in 130V AC mode depending on
frequency

Table 15-10: Technical data of 6A / 130V AC output in 6A AC mode

6A / 130V AC output in 6A AC mode

Output power at: typical apparent power typical time tmax frequency
Smax
6.0A 330 VA >2 h 50 ... 200 Hz
Fuse Type: 6.3A T
The 6.3 Amps slow-acting wire fuse 5x20 mm, situated at the front panel’s
AC OUTPUT group, protects the AC OUTPUT in 6A AC and 3A current mode
and the DC OUTPUT

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Table 15-11: Technical data of 6A / 130V AC output in 3A AC mode

6A / 130V AC output in 3A AC mode

Output power at: typical apparent power typical time tmax frequency
Smax
3.0A 330 VA >2h 50 ... 200 Hz
Fuse Type: 3.15A T
The 3.15 Amps slow-acting wire fuse 5x20 mm, situated at the front panel’s
AC OUTPUT group, protects the AC OUTPUT in 3A current mode.
6.3A T
If the 6.3 Amps fuse is blown, the 3A AC output mode does not work either.
voltage Vrms

frequency in Hz

Figure 15-5: Typical maximum output voltage of 6A / 130V AC output in 3 and 6A AC mode depending
on frequency and current

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6A DC current output
Note: While using the 6A DC output, disconnect any cables that may be plugged in to any of the high-
current outputs (800A AC or 400A DC), or to the 6A / 130V AC output.

Table 15-12: 6A DC output technical data

6A DC output
Connection 4 mm banana sockets
Insulation The 6A DC output is internally connected with the
6A / 130V AC output. Apart from this, the output is insulated against all other
inputs and outputs.
Voltage with reference to earth must not exceed 200 Vrms and 280 V peak on
either socket.
Reinforced insulation against mains power supply, all interfaces and other
safety low-voltage circuits.
Protection If a large inductance is connected, and the output is switched off, an internal
arc-suppression diode protects the user from voltage spikes from the
inductance.
Additionally, a surge arrester with a short circuit spring that, in case of an
overload, applies a short circuit to the output and protects the user if the arc-
suppression should not be sufficient.
The existence of a discharge voltage potential is also indicated by a lit LED -
even if the CPC 100 is switched off. This LED is situated at the right-hand side
of the 6A DC output sockets.
Current / voltage No internal measurement provided. To measure this output signal, connect it to
measurement a measuring input:
current measurement: at IAC/DC input
voltage measurement: at V DC input
Output power at: typical power Pmax typical time tmax
6.0 A 360 W >2h
3.0 A 180 W >> 2 h
Fuse Type: 6.3A T
The 6.3 Amps slow-acting wire fuse 5x20 mm, situated at the front panel’s
AC OUTPUT group, protects both the AC OUTPUT in 3A and 6A current mode
and the DC OUTPUT

Unlike other test cards, RWinding (winding resistance) and TRTapCheck (tap changer winding
resistance and on-load tap changer interruption check) provide special additional safety functions.
► Do not connect a large inductance to this output in any other test card but RWinding and
TRTapCheck.
► If a test object with a large inductance is connected to the CPC 100, earth both ends of the test object
before you disconnect it from the CPC 100.

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15.3.3 Output "Ext. Booster" (option)

The output "Ext. Booster" does not have own specifications. They are determined by the device
connected to this output, for example, by the current booster CP CB2.
► For more information about boosters, please refer to 16 "Accessories" on page 318.
The connector “Ext. Booster” is always galvanically connected to mains, even if an external booster is
selected on the software tab Options | Device Setup, the green status light (0) is on, the outputs are
turned off or the Emergency Stop button is pressed.
► Do not use any booster cables other than those supplied by OMICRON electronics.
► Handle with extreme caution.

15.3.4 Output to input synchronization

The feature Synch w/ V1 AC synchronizes the output frequency with the V1 AC input
frequency (refer to "Sync w/ V1AC" on page 83).

The Amplifier test card provides the possibility to synchronize to various inputs.
The CPC 100 filters the input signals, therefore, if mains is connected to, for example, the V1 AC input,
possible signal interferences and/or noise do not affect the synchronization considerably. The
fundamental wave of the input signal serves as reference for the synchronization.

Table 15-13: Output to input synchronization

Test cards Quick, Sequencer Test card Amplifier

Frequency Range 48 ... 62 Hz
Synchronization inputs V1 AC V1 AC, V2 AC, I AC
(automatic range switching) (fixed to maximum range)
Input magnitude 10% of input range full scale
Output magnitude 5% of output range full scale
Settling time 100 ms after 5% of output 1000 ms after 5% of output
magnitude is reached magnitude is reached
Signal changes All quantities must be ramped within No changes of frequency and
20 signal periods phase. Magnitude changes without
limitation. Output follows within
250 ms.
Phase tolerance 0.5° within the limits as specified above

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How long does the synchronization take?

Example for the 2kV AC output in Quick:
Note: As explained on page 301 of this chapter, the 2kV AC output needs 1200 ms to ramp up to its full
magnitude, and accordingly less for a smaller magnitude.
Total synchronization time = time to reach 5% of full magnitude + settling time.
• The output ramps linear, therefore reaches 5% of its full magnitude after 5% of 1200 ms = 60 ms
• Then the 100 ms settling time elapses
• Therefore, the entire synchronization lasts 60 ms + 100 ms = 160 ms.

15.4 CPC 100 inputs

15.4.1 BIN IN binary input
Table 15-14: BIN IN binary input technical data

Binary input BIN IN

Connection 4 mm banana sockets
Insulation Insulated against all other inputs and outputs.
Voltage with reference to earth must not exceed 300Vrms and 420Vpeak on
either input socket.
Reinforced insulation against mains power supply, all interfaces and other
safety low-voltage circuits.
Sampling frequency 1 kHz
Max. voltage 330Vrms
Resolution 1 ms
Operation potential-free or external DC voltage operation
• ext. DC voltage nominal voltage active: 100V DC (min. > 0 V)
inactive: input open or voltage < -20 V
• potential-free Ron < 10 kΩ
Roff > 1 MΩ
Input resistance > 100 kΩ

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15.4.2 10A IAC/DC input

► Never connect the 2kV output to any of the inputs. The 2kV output is measured internally.

Table 15-15: 10A IAC/DC input technical data

10A IAC/DC input

Connection 4 mm banana sockets
Measurement 0 ... 10 A
ranges
0 ... 1 A
(autoranging)
Insulation Insulated against all other inputs and outputs.
Voltage with reference to earth must not exceed 270Vrms and 380Vpeak on either
input socket.
Reinforced insulation against mains power supply, all interfaces and other safety
low-voltage circuits.
Protection The 10A IAC/DC current input is fuse-protected (see below). For measuring
currents on high inductances, the input is protected before the fuse.
This is done by an internal surge arrester with a short circuit spring that, in case of
an overload, applies a short circuit to the output, and protects the user in case the
fuse is blown, and a current is still forced through the input with a high voltage.
Maximum current 11Arms
Accuracy
• AC operation 10A: typ. error < ± 0.05% (rd) ± 0.05% (fs),
(autoranging) guaranteed < ± 0.1% (rd) ± 0.1% (fs)
1A: typ. error < ± 0.05% (rd) ± 0.05% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.1 % (rd) ± 0.1% (fs)
Possible crest factor: < 3.0
Phase tolerance at full scale:
10A: typ. error < ± 0.1°
guaranteed < ± 0.2°
1A: typ. error < ± 0.15°
guaranteed < ± 0.3°
• DC operation 10A: typ. error < ± 0.03% (rd) ± 0.08% (fs),
(autoranging) guaranteed < ± 0.05% (rd) ± 0.15% (fs)
1A: typ. error < ± 0.03% (rd) ± 0.08% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.05% (rd) ± 0.15% (fs)
Input resistance < 100 mΩ

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Table 15-15: 10A IAC/DC input technical data

10A IAC/DC input

Resolution Mea-surement Display
10A: 1 mA/bit
1A: 100 μA/bit 10 μA
Fuse Type: 10A FF
The 10 Amps very quick-acting wire fuse 5x20 mm, situated at the front panel’s
INPUT group, protects the 10A IAC/DC current measuring input.
Make sure the fuse you use is a 10A FF fuse. Do not use any other type of fuse!

15.4.3 300V V1 AC input

► Never connect the 2kV output to any of the inputs. The 2kV output is measured internally.

Table 15-16: 300V V1AC input technical data

300V V1AC input

Connection 4 mm banana sockets
Measurement 0 ... 300 V / 0 ... 30 V / 0 ... 3 V / 0 ... 300 mV
ranges
(autoranging)
Insulation N (black socket) is connected to N of the V2 AC input

N
N

Apart from this, the input is insulated against all other inputs and outputs. Voltage
with reference to earth must not exceed 300Vrms and 420Vpeak on either input
socket.
Reinforced insulation against mains power supply, all interfaces and other safety
low-voltage circuits.
Maximum 330Vrms / 470Vpeak
voltage

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Table 15-16: 300V V1AC input technical data

300V V1AC input

Accuracy 300 V: typ. error < ± 0.05% (rd) ± 0.05% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.1% (rd) ± 0.1% (fs)
30 V: typ. error < ± 0.05% (rd) ± 0.05% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.1% (rd) ± 0.1% (fs)
3 V: typ. error < ± 0.1% (rd) ± 0.05% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.2% (rd) ± 0.1% (fs)
300mV: typ. error < ± 0.15% (rd) ± 0.05% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.3% (rd) ± 0.1% (fs)
Possible crest factor: < 1.5
Phase tolerance at full scale of all ranges:
typ. error < ± 0.1°
guaranteed < ± 0.2°
Input resistance 500 kΩ
Resolution Measure-ment Display
300 V: 15 mV/bit
30 V: 1.5 mV/bit
3 V: 150 μV/bit
0.3 V: 15 μV/bit 5 μV

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15.4.4 3V V2 AC input
Table 15-17: 3V V2AC input technical data

3V V2 AC input
Connection Odu connector GX1B0C-L020009-00A1
Measurement 0 ... 3 V / 0 ... 300 mV / 0 ... 30 mV
ranges
(autoranging)
Insulation N is connected to N of the V1AC input (black socket).

N
N

Apart from this, the input is insulated against all other inputs and outputs. Voltage with
reference to earth must not exceed 300Vrms and 420Vpeak on either input socket.
Reinforced insulation against mains power supply, all interfaces and other safety low-
voltage circuits.
Maximum 10Vrms / 15Vpeak
voltage
Accuracy 3 V: typ. error < ± 0.03% (rd) ± 0.08% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.05% (rd) ± 0.15% (fs)
300 mV: typ. error < ± 0.08% (rd) ± 0.08% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.15 % (rd) ± 0.15% (fs)
30 mV: typ. error < ± 0.1% (rd) ± 0.25% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.2% (rd) ± 0.5% (fs)
Possible crest factor: < 1.5
Phase tolerance at full scale
3V typ. error < ± 0.1°
guaranteed < ± 0.2°
300 mV typ. error < ± 0.1°
guaranteed < ± 0.2°
30 mV typ. error < ± 0.15°
guaranteed < ± 0.3°
Input 10 MΩ
resistance

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Table 15-17: 3V V2AC input technical data

3V V2 AC input
Resolution Mea-surement Display
3 V: 150 μV/bit
300 mV: 30 μV/bit
30 mV: 3 μV/bit 10 μV
Note: When using the CTRogowski test card, the 3V V2 AC input uses an additional software-based
integration method.
In the range of 50 Hz < f < 60 Hz, this results in a phase shift of 90° as well as an additional phase error
of +/- 0.1° and an additional amplitude error of +/- 0.01%.
For frequencies in the range of 15 Hz < f < 400 Hz, the phase error is not specified, and the amplitude
error can be up to +/- 0.50% higher.

15.4.5 10V V DC input

Table 15-18: 10V VDC input technical data

10V VDC input

Connection 4 mm banana sockets
Measurement 0 ... 10 V
ranges
0 ... 1 V
(autoranging)
0 ... 100 mV
0 ... 10 mV
Insulation Insulated against all other inputs and outputs.
Voltage with reference to earth must not exceed 140Vrms and 200Vpeak on either
input socket.
Reinforced insulation against mains power supply, all interfaces and other safety
low-voltage circuits.
Maximum voltage 50Vrms / 75Vpeak
Accuracy 10 V: typ. error < ± 0.03% (rd) ± 0.08% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.05% (rd) ± 0.15% (fs)
1 V: typ. error < ± 0.03% (rd) ± 0.08% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.05% (rd) ± 0.15% (fs)
100 mV: typ. error < ± 0.05% (rd) ± 0.1% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.1% (rd) ± 0.2% (fs)
10 mV: typ. error < ± 0.05% (rd) ± 0.15% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.1% (rd) ± 0.3% (fs)

Input resistance 500 kΩ

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Table 15-18: 10V VDC input technical data

10V VDC input

Resolution Mea- Display
surement
10 V: 400 μV/bit
1 V: 75 μV/bit
100 mV: 4 μV/bit
10 mV: 0.4 μV/bit 0.1 μV

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15.5 CPC 100 combined specifications

15.5.1 Resistance measurement
The accuracy of the combined measurements can be calculated from the respective input and output
specifications.
The tables below give some examples.

4-wire measurement with 400A DC output and 10V VDC input

Current Resistance Voltage Typ. error Guaranteed
400 A 10 µΩ 4 mV 0.70% 1.35%
400 A 100 µΩ 40 mV 0.55% 1.10%
400 A 1 mΩ 400 mV 0.50% 0.95%
400 A 10 mΩ 4V 0.50% 0.95%

4-wire measurement with 6A DC output and 10V VDC input

Current Resistance Voltage Typ. error Guaranteed
6A 100 mΩ 0.6 V 0.35% 0.60%
6A 1Ω 6V 0.35% 0.60%
1A 10 Ω 10 V 0.25% 0.40%

2-wire measurement with 10V VDC input

Current Resistance Voltage Typ. error Guaranteed
< 5 mA 100 Ω 0.60% 1.20%
< 5 mA 1 kΩ 0.51% 1.02%
< 5 mA 10 kΩ 0.50% 1.00%

15.6 ePC interfaces

15.6.1 PC and network interfaces (CPC 100 V0 only)
The CPC 100 V0 supports the 10BaseT (twisted pair) Ethernet interface for connecting the CPC 100 to
a PC, a notebook or a network hub. CPC 100 V0 is equipped with two RJ-45 connectors. The connector
labeled “PC” connects the CPC 100 to a PC or a notebook, and the connector labeled “Network”
connects the CPC 100 to a network hub. These two connectors differ only in one cross-connection in the
“PC” connector.
Note: Connect only one RJ-45 connector at a time.

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15.6.2 Network interface (CPC 100 V1 only)

The network connection of the CPC 100 V1 is implemented by the 10/100BaseTX (twisted pair) Ethernet
interface. The CPC 100 V1 is equipped with one RJ-45 connector labeled “Network” for connecting the
CPC 100 to a PC, a notebook or a network hub.

15.6.3 USB interface (CPC 100 V1 only)

The CPC 100 V1 supports the USB interface for connecting the USB memory stick shipped with the
CPC 100. The USB interface is compliant with the Universal Serial Bus (USB) Specification, Revision
1.1 and 2.0.
Note: The full functionality is guaranteed only for the USB memory stick delivered with the CPC 100.

15.6.4 Serial interface connector

1 DCD (in)
6 DSR (in)
2 RXD (in)
7 RTS (out)
3 TXD (out)
8 CTS (in)
4 DTR (out)
9 RI (in)
5 GND

Figure 15-6: Serial interface connector

Table 15-19: Legend

• DCD Data Carrier Detect
• RXD Receive Data
• TXD Transmit Data
• DTR Data Terminal Ready
• GND Ground
• DSR Data Set Ready
• RTS Request To Send
• CTS Clear To Send
• RI Ring Indicator

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15.7 Environmental conditions

Table 15-20: Environmental conditions - climate

Characteristic Rating
Operating –10 ºC … +55 ºC / +14 ºF … +131 ºF
Temperature
Storage –30 ºC … +70 ºC / –22 ºF … +158 ºF
Operating 2,000 m / 6,550 ft
Max. altitude
Storage 12,000 m / 40,000 ft

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15.8 Standards conformity

Table 15-21: Standards conformity

EMC, safety
EMC IEC/EN 61326-1 (industrial electromagnetic environment)
FCC subpart B of part 15, class A
Safety IEC/EN/UL 61010-1,
IEC/EN/UL 61010-2-30

Note: This only applies to devices that have the respective indication on their nameplate.
Other
IEC/EN 60068-2-27
Shock
(15 g/11 ms, half-sinusoid, 3 shocks in each axis)
IEC/EN 60068-2-6
Vibration (frequency range 10 Hz…150 Hz, acceleration 2 g continuous
(20 m/s2/65 ft/s2), 20 cycles per axis)
IEC/EN 60068-2-78
Humidity (5 % … 95 % relative humidity, no condensation),
tested at 40 ºC/104 ºF for 48 hours
IP22 (in upright position)
Protection class
according to IEC/EN 60529

15.9 Mechanical data

Table 15-22: Mechanical data: weight and dimensions

Characteristic Rating
Dimensions (w × h× d) 468 × 394 × 233 mm, 18.6 × 15.5 × 9.2 in
Weight 29 kg/64 lb; case without protection cover

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16 Accessories
This chapter lists test cards that are optionally available to extend the functionality of the CPC 100
packages.
It furthermore describes hardware equipment that is optionally available for the CPC 100 primary test
system, and provides ordering information for spare parts.
For information on the CP CU1 coupling unit and the CP TD high-precision test system, see the CP CU1
User Manual and the CP TD1 and CP TD12/15 User Manuals respectively on the CPC 100 Toolset
DVD.

16.1 Test cards

16.1.1 CT test cards
Scope:
• CTRatio (and Burden)
• CTBurden
• CTExcitation (Knee point)
• CTRatioV
• CTRogowski (Ratio)
• CTLow Power (Ratio)
• Winding Resistance
• Voltage Withstand (2kV)

16.1.2 VT test cards

Scope:
• VTRatio
• VTBurden
• Voltage Withstand (2kV)
• VTElectronics

16.1.3 Transformer test cards

Scope:
• TRRatio (per tap)
• TRTabCheck (for OLTC)
• Winding Resistance
• Voltage Withstand (2kV)
• Vector Group Check
• DRM/OLTC scan

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16.1.4 Resistance test cards

Scope:
• Contact Resistance (µΩ ... mΩ )
• Winding Resistance (µΩ ... kΩ )

16.1.5 Earth Resistance

Scope:
• software (test card RGround)
• earth resistance accessory set (see below)

16.1.6 Ramping
Programmable ramping generator and determination of thresholds

16.1.7 Sequencer
For automatic testing with different states in real time

16.1.8 Amplifier
To set the CPC 100 to an "amplifier-like" mode.

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16.2 Earth resistance accessory set

Consists of:
• 4 electrodes
• cable reel red, 50 m
• cable reel black, 100 m
Note: The earth resistance accessory set is included in "Earth Resistance" and does not work without it.

Figure 16-1: Earth resistance accessory set

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16.3 Current booster CP CB2

High-current cable with a plug

Connection on one end and a clamp on
CPCB2 ⇔ CPC 100 the other end

Current booster
CP CB2

Figure 16-2: Current booster CP CB2

The CP CB2 is equipped with an over-temperature protection. In case the CP CB2 develops an internal
temperature that is too high, it shuts off automatically. There is no according on-screen message shown
on the CPC 100 monitor.
If such an automatic shut-off occurs, let the CP CB2 cool down for about ½ hour.
WARNING
Death or severe injury resulting from falling
Opening the CP CB2’s clamps requires using both hands.
► Secure yourself against falling by using a safety harness.

CAUTION
Minor or moderate injury caused by hot surfaces possible
During operation, the current booster’s housing as well as the high- current cables
(95 mm²) and their clamps can develop a rather high temperature.
► To prevent burns, use gloves when touching the housing or the cables during or shortly
after operation.

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16.3.1 Technical data of the CP CB2

Table 16-1: Technical data of the CP CB2 - all operating modes

Characteristic Rating
Accuracy of current at 50/60 Hz Typ. error < ± 0.13% (rd) ± 0.13% (fs),
Guaranteed < ± 0.25% (rd) ± 0.25% (fs)
Phase tolerance at full scale Typ. error < ± 0.25%
Guaranteed < ± 0.5%

More technical data can be found at 16.3.2 "Operation modes of the CP CB2" on page 323.

Table 16-2: Climate

Characteristic Rating
Operating temperature -10 … +55 °C (+14 … 131 °F)
Storage and transportation -20 … +70 °C (-4 … 158 °F)
Max. altitude 2000 m (6562 ft)

Table 16-3: Mechanical data

Weight Dimensions (W x H x D)
Test set 16 kg (35.3 lb) 186 x 166 x 220 mm (7.3 x 6.5 x 8.7”), without handle
Test set & case 25 kg (55.1 lb) 700 x 450 x 360 mm (27.6 x 17.7 x 14.2”)

Table 16-4: Standard conformity

Standard conformity

Safety IEC/EN/UL 61010-1

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16.3.2 Operation modes of the CP CB2

P1/H1

S1/X1

Burden
S2/X2

P2/H2

Figure 16-3: Current booster CP CB2 in 2000A mode for a CT ratio measurement

Table 16-5: Technical data of current booster CP CB2 in 2000A mode

Technical data of the CP CB2 in 2000A mode

Connection Input: booster connector to connect the current booster CP CB2
with the CPC 100
AC output: both CP CB2 outputs in parallel
Measurement Measurement in the CPC 100
Output power at: typ. apparent typical time tmax duty cycle frequency
power Smax ton / toff
2000 A 4900 VA 25 s 5 sec / 55 sec 50 ... 60 Hz
1800 A 4400 VA 3 min 5 sec / 40 sec
1600 A 3950 VA 5 min 5 sec / 30 sec
1400 A 3450 VA 10 min 5 sec / 25 sec
1200 A 2950 VA 18 min 5 sec / 15 sec
1000 A 2500 VA 30 min 5 sec / 9 sec
600 A 1500 VA >2h cont. ON
1500 A 3500 VA 5 min 5 sec / 30 sec 15 ... 150 Hz

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P1/H1

S1/X1

Burden
S2/X2

P2/H2

Figure 16-4: Current booster CP CB2 in 1000A mode

Table 16-6: Technical data of current booster CP CB2 in 1000A mode

Technical data of the CP CB2 in 1000A mode

Connection Input: booster connector to connect the current booster CP CB2
with the CPC 100
AC output: both CP CB2 outputs in series
Measurement Measurement in the CPC 100
Output power at: typ. apparent typical time tmax duty cycle frequency
power Smax ton / toff
1000 A 4900 VA 25 s 5 sec / 55 sec 50 ... 60 Hz
900 A 4400 VA 3 min 5 sec / 40 sec
800 A 3950 VA 5 min 5 sec / 30 sec
700 A 3450 VA 10 min 5 sec / 25 sec
600 A 2950 VA 18 min 5 sec / 15 sec
500 A 2500 VA 30 min 5 sec / 9 sec
300 A 1500 VA >2h cont. ON
750 A 3500 VA 5 min 5 sec / 30 sec 15 ... 150 Hz

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16.4 Current clamp C-Probe 1

Figure 16-5: Current clamp C-Probe 1

► For additional information about the current clamp C-Probe 1, refer to its user manual.

16.5 CP SA1

Figure 16-6: CP SA1

The CP SA1 must be connected to the CPC 100 V DC input sockets when using the 400A DC output to
protect yourself and the CPC 100 from high-voltage hazards.
The CP SA1 is a surge arrester unit providing extra protection to the operating staff and the CPC 100
against high-voltage hazards while performing transformer winding resistance measurements. In case
of unwanted disruption of the current path, high voltage due to the inductance of the transformer’s
winding appears on the transformer’s terminals and the current can flow through the voltage path to the
CPC 100 V DC input. If high voltage appears for a short time on the transformer’s terminals, an arc

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discharges the voltage and extinguishes without destroying the CP SA1. If the arc persists for a longer
time period, the surge arrester insulator melts and thereby short-circuits the terminals to ground.
Figure 16-7 below shows the circuit diagram of the CP SA1.
PTC Thermistor

+t°

Socket to
270 kΩ

Surge
Plug to CPC 100 power transformer
arrester

PTC Thermistor

+t°
Figure 16-7: CP SA1 circuit diagram

Before using the CP SA1, check whether it is intact as follows:

1. Select the Resistance test card.
2. Select the V DC (2-wire) output range.
3. Connect the CP SA1 to the CPC 100 V DC input.
4. Short-circuit the CP SA1’s output and measure the resistance.
If the measured resistance is < 40 Ω, the test is passed.
5. Remove the short circuit and measure the resistance again.
If the measured resistance is > 20 kΩ, the test is passed.

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16.5.1 Assembly instructions for Odu MINI-SNAP plug

Plug housing Half shells

EMI gasket collet backnut Soldering insert

Figure 16-8: Assembly components for Odu MINI-SNAP plug

How to assemble the Odu MINI-SNAP plug

1. Slide cable into backnut, collet and gasket.

2. Strip cable and wire

We recommend tinning the strands with a soldering iron.

3. Solder each wire to its corresponding contact of the insert.

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4. Bend cable screen outwards, and place the two half shells on either side of the insulation body.

Half shell

5. Slide gasket and collet against the half shells, and clamp the screen between gasket and half shells.

6. Trim protruding screen strands, and push the cable assembly into the housing, orientating the guides
to the slots.
Guides

7. Finish the assembly by screwing the backnut to the housing, and by tightening them with wrenches.

328 OMICRON
 Copyright information

Copyright information
The OMICRON Bootloader software
The OMICRON Bootloader software includes software parts developed by:
• Intel Corporation (IXP400 SW Release version 2.3)
• Intrinsyc Software (Intrinsyc Bootloader)
• Swedish Institute of Computer Science, Adam Dunkels (lwIP TCP/IP stack)
• Mark Adler (puff - decompress the deflate data format)
• Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler ("zlib" general purpose compression library)
The following copyright notices reproduce entirely the copyright notices provided by the source code
owners.

IXP400 SW Release version 2.3

Copyright (c) 2001-2005, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided
that the following conditions are met:
8. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer.
9. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
10.Neither the name of the Intel Corporation nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
This software is provided by the copyright holders and contributors "as is" and any express or implied
warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose are disclaimed. In no event shall the copyright owner or contributors be liable for any
direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages (including, but not limited to,
procurement of substitute goods or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption)
however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability, or tort (including
negligence or otherwise) arising in any way out of the use of this software, even if advised of the
possibility of such damage.

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Intrinsyc Bootloader
Copyright (c) 2001-2002, Intrinsyc Software. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided
that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following
acknowledgement: This product includes software developed by Intrinsyc Software.
4. The name of Intrinsyc may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
This software is provided by Intrinsyc software and contributors "as is"' and any express or implied
warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose are disclaimed. In no event shall Intrinsyc software be liable for any direct, indirect,
incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of
substitute goods or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however caused and
on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise)
arising in any way out of the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.

lwIP TCP/IP stack

Author: Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se>
Copyright (c) 2001, 2002 Swedish Institute of Computer Science. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided
that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
This software is provided by the author "as is'' and any express or implied warranties, including, but not
limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed.
In no event shall the author be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or
consequential damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services; loss
of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however caused and on any theory of liability, whether
in contract, strict liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way out of the use of
this software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.

330 OMICRON
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puff (Mark Adler)

This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the author be
held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software.
Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications,
and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original
software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation
would be appreciated but is not required.
2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being
the original software.
3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
Mark Adler <madler@alumni.caltech.edu>

zlib (Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler)

Copyright (C) 1995-2002 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler.
This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the authors be
held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software.
Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications,
and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original
software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation
would be appreciated but is not required.
2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being
the original software.
3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
Mark Adler <madler@alumni.caltech.edu>
Jean-loup Gailly <jloup@gzip.org>
The data format used by the zlib library is described by RFCs (Request for Comments) 1950 to 1952 in
the files ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1950.txt (zlib format), rfc1951.txt (deflate format) and rfc1952.txt (gzip
format).

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