N5

X707/75/02
National
Qualications
2014

Biology
Section 1—Questions
FRIDAY, 16 MAY
9:00 AM – 11:00 AM

Instructions for the completion of Section 1 are given on Page two of your question and answer
booklet X707/75/01.
Record your answers on the answer grid on Page three of your question and answer booklet.
Before leaving the examination room you must give your question and answer booklet to the
Invigilator; if you do not, you may lose all the marks for this paper.

*X7077502*
LI
 SECTION 1

1. Which structural feature is found in a plant cell and not in an animal cell?

A Nucleus
B Cell wall
C Cell membrane
D Cytoplasm

2. Which line in the table below identifies the direction of diffusion of the three substances
during muscle contraction?

Substance

Glucose Oxygen Carbon dioxide

A out out in

B in out in

C out in out

D in in out

3. The diagram below represents a genetically engineered bacterial cell.

required gene

The structure labelled X is a

A chromosome
B plasmid
C ribosome
D nucleus.

Page two
 4. The light energy for photosynthesis is captured by

A water
B hydrogen
C chlorophyll
D oxygen.

5. The diagram below represents the human brain.

Which line in the table below identifies structures 1, 2 and 3 of the human brain?

Structure 1 Structure 2 Structure 3

A medulla cerebrum cerebellum

B cerebrum medulla cerebellum

C cerebellum cerebrum medulla

D cerebrum cerebellum medulla

6. Proteins have different functions. Which of the following statements identifies a protein
and its function?

A Hormones carry oxygen around the body.

B Enzymes carry chemical messages around the body.
C Antibodies defend the body against disease.
D Cellulose provides strength and structure to a plant cell wall.

[Turn over

Page three
 7. Which of the diagrams below identifies neurons and the direction of travel of nerve
impulses?

Central
Sensory Motor
A Nervous
neuron System neuron

Central
Sensory Motor
B Nervous
neuron System neuron

Central
Sensory Motor
C Nervous
neuron System neuron

Central
Sensory Motor
D Nervous
neuron System neuron

8. Which of the following pairs of human cells have the same number of chromosomes?

A Liver cell and sperm cell

B Kidney cell and sperm cell
C Kidney cell and liver cell
D Liver cell and egg cell

Page four
 9. The table below shows the results of an investigation into the effect of temperature on egg
laying in adult red spider mites.

Temperature (ºC)
Feature
20 ºC 25 ºC 30 ºC

Average length of egg laying

24 18 12
period (days)

Average number of eggs laid per

72 72 72
female during egg laying period

As the temperature increases, the average number of eggs laid per female per day

A increases
B decreases
C stays the same
D halves.

10. The following diagrams show a cell at four different stages of mitosis.

1 2

3 4

The correct order of the stages of mitosis is

A 1,3,2,4
B 2,3,4,1
C 3,2,1,4
D 4,1,2,3.

Page five [Turn over

 11. Which of the following diagrams represents the process of fertilisation in plants?

A sperm egg

zygote

B male zygote female zygote

gamete

C pollen ovule

zygote

D ovary testes

zygote

12. Variation in a characteristic can either be discrete or continuous. The range of heights and
weights for a group of students were measured and recorded. Ear lobe types were also
examined and categorised into groups.
Which line in the table below identifies the type of variation shown by each of these
human characteristics?

Height Weight Ear lobe types

A continuous continuous discrete

B discrete continuous continuous

C discrete discrete continuous

D continuous discrete discrete

Page six
 13. The diagram below shows part of the human respiratory system.

Which letter identifies the alveoli?

14. Which line in the table below identifies abiotic and biotic factors?

Abiotic factor Biotic factor

A light intensity pH

B temperature predation

C grazing light intensity

D predation grazing

[Turn over

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 15. A rabbit feeds on grass, is eaten by foxes and is a habitat for fleas.
The statement above describes the rabbit’s

A ecosystem
B community
C niche
D prey.

16. The diagram below shows the pyramid of energy for a food chain.

There is a lot less energy at level X in the pyramid because

A there are fewer organisms at this level

B energy is stored at each level
C energy is lost at each level
D the organisms are bigger at this level.

17. In which of the following would competition not occur?

A Rabbits grazing in a field

B Owls and foxes hunting for mice
C Daisies and dandelions growing in a lawn
D Algae and fish in a loch

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 18. The following diagrams represent part of the nitrogen cycle. Which diagram shows the
correct sequence of events in the nitrogen cycle?

A B
Animal and Animal and
plant proteins plant proteins

Ammonium Ammonium
Nitrates Nitrites
compounds compounds

Nitrites Nitrates

C D
Animal and Animal and
plant proteins plant proteins

Ammonium
Nitrates Nitrites Nitrates
compounds

Ammonium
Nitrites
compounds

19. Students used a quadrat to estimate the number of buttercups in a field.

They threw the quadrat randomly three times in the area.
In order to improve the reliability of their results they could have

A asked another group of students to check that they had counted correctly
B thrown the quadrat ten times instead of three
C only thrown the quadrat when conditions were at an optimum
D used a smaller quadrat for each of their samples.

[Turn over for Question 20 on Page ten

Page nine
 20. The table below compares the rate of extinction of mammal species over two different
time periods.

Time period Rate of extinction

(years) per 100 years

1500 – 1900 4·5

1900 – 2000 90

The ratio of extinction rates between 1900 – 2000 compared to 1500 – 1900 is

A 1:20
B 1:2
C 2:1
D 20:1.

[END OF SECTION 1. NOW ATTEMPT THE QUESTIONS IN SECTION 2

OF YOUR QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKLET]

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[BLANK PAGE]
[BLANK PAGE]
N5
FOR OFFICIAL USE

National
Qualications Mark
2014

X707/75/01 Biology
Section 1—Answer Grid
and Section 2
FRIDAY, 16 MAY
9:00 AM – 11:00 AM *X7077501*

Fill in these boxes and read what is printed below.

Full name of centre Town

Forename(s) Surname Number of seat

Date of birth
Day Month Year Scottish candidate number

D D M M Y Y
Total marks ­— 80
SECTION 1 ­— 20 marks
Attempt ALL questions in this section.
Instructions for the completion of Section 1 are given on Page two.
SECTION 2 ­— 60 marks
Attempt ALL questions in this section.
Write your answers clearly in the spaces provided in this booklet. Additional space for answers
and rough work is provided at the end of this booklet. If you use this space you must clearly
identify the question number you are attempting. Any rough work must be written in this
booklet. You should score through your rough work when you have written your final copy.
Use blue or black ink.
Before leaving the examination room you must give this booklet to the
Invigilator; if you do not, you may lose all the marks for this paper.

*X707750101*
LI
 SECTION 1­— 20 marks

The questions for Section 1 are contained in the question paper X707/75/02.
Read these and record your answers on the answer grid on Page three opposite.
Do NOT use gel pens.

1. The answer to each question is either A, B, C or D. Decide what your answer is, then fill in
the appropriate bubble (see sample question below).

2. There is only one correct answer to each question.

3. Any rough working should be done on the additional space for answers and rough work at
the end of this booklet.

Sample Question
The thigh bone is called the
A humerus
B femur
C tibia
D fibula.

The correct answer is B—femur. The answer B bubble has been clearly filled in (see below).

A B C D

Changing an answer
If you decide to change your answer, cancel your first answer by putting a cross through it (see
below) and fill in the answer you want. The answer below has been changed to D.

A B C D

If you then decide to change back to an answer you have already scored out, put a tick (3) to
the right of the answer you want, as shown below:

A B C D A B C D

or

*X707750102*

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 SECTION 1 — Answer Grid

*OBJ20AD1*

A B C D

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

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 [BLANK PAGE]

do not write on this page

*X707750104*

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[Turn over for Question 1 on Page six

do not write on this page

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 SECTION 2 — 60 marks
Attempt ALL questions MARKS DO NOT
WRITE IN
THIS
MARGIN
1. A group of students carried out an investigation into the variety of cell types.

The types of cell they examined are shown in the box below.

Animal Plant Bacterial Fungal

(a) (i) Identify the type(s) of cell which have a cell wall. 1

(ii) Identify the type(s) of cell which have a plasmid. 1

(iii) Some organelles are found in all cells.

Choose one of the following organelles and tick (✓) the appropriate
box.
Describe the function of the chosen organelle. 1

Ribosome Mitochondria

Function

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(b) The students then measured a number of cells and calculated the
average cell sizes. The results are shown in the table below.

Type of cell Average size of cell

(μm)

Animal 24

Plant 48

Bacterial 3

Fungal 7

On the graph paper below, complete the vertical axis and draw a bar
chart to show the average size of the cells shown in the table. 2
(Additional graph paper, if required, can be found on Page twenty-six)

Animal Plant Bacterial Fungal

Type of cell

Total marks 5

[Turn over

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2. The apparatus shown below was used to investigate the movement of water THIS
MARGIN
into and out of a model cell. The model cell had a selectively permeable
membrane.

glass tubing liquid level

at 60 minutes

liquid level
at start

10% salt solution model cell

water

The liquid level in the glass tubing was measured every 10 minutes for
60 minutes.
The results are shown in the table below.

Time (minutes) Liquid level (mm)

0 10

10 22

20 32

30 40

40 48

50 56

60 64

(a) Name the process which caused the liquid level to rise. 1

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2. (continued) THIS
MARGIN

(b) Explain how this process caused the liquid level to rise. 2

(c) Calculate the average rate of movement of liquid in the glass tubing. 1

Space for calculation

mm per minute

(d) When the investigation was repeated, the average rate of movement of
liquid was slower.
Suggest one difference in the way that the investigation was set up that
could have caused this change in results. 1

Total marks 5

[Turn over

*X707750109*

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3. (a) Hydrogen peroxide can damage cells and lead to cell death. Catalase is THIS
MARGIN
an enzyme which breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water.
Scientists in New Zealand investigated the link between the level of
catalase in sheep livers and the fat in their meat. The hypothesis was
that the higher the level of liver catalase, the greater the fat content of
the meat.
In the investigation, they examined 9 sheep with a high percentage of fat
and 15 sheep with a low percentage of fat. The sheep with the high
percentage of fat had an average catalase level of 4800 K/g and those
with the lower percentage of fat had an average catalase level of
3600 K/g.
The scientists concluded that their hypothesis was correct.
(i) Name the substrate of catalase. 1

(ii) Identify an aspect in the planning of the investigation that would

suggest that the hypothesis might not be proven correct. 1

(iii) A further investigation proved that the hypothesis was correct.

Describe how this investigation could help farmers to select only
sheep with a low percentage of fat, to provide meat for consumers
following a low fat diet. 1

(b) The optimum temperature for the activity of catalase is 37°C.

Predict what would happen to the activity of catalase if the temperature
was lowered to 34°C. 1

Total marks 4

*X707750110*

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4. The following diagram shows a cross-section of some villi in the small THIS
MARGIN
intestine.

lacteal

blood
capillary

Explain why the structure and number of villi make absorption an efficient
process in the small intestine. 3

[Turn over

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5. Photosynthesis is a two stage process. THIS
MARGIN

Stage 1 — Light reactions

Stage 2 — Carbon fixation

(a) The table below shows some statements about photosynthesis.

Complete the table to show which stage each statement refers to by
placing a tick (✓) in the Stage 1 or Stage 2 box.
The first two statements have been completed for you. 2

Statement Stage 1 Stage 2

Carbon dioxide required ✓

Light energy required ✓

Water required

Sugar produced

ATP + Hydrogen required

Oxygen produced

(b) Explain why high temperatures (above 50°C) would prevent the
photosynthesis reactions from taking place. 2

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5. (continued) THIS
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(c) The graph below shows how the rate of photosynthesis is affected by the
concentration of carbon dioxide.

7
P Q
6

5
Rate of
photosynthesis 4
(units)

0
Low High
carbon dioxide concentration

State two environmental factors which could limit the rate of

photosynthesis between points P and Q. 1

Total marks 5

[Turn over

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6. The diagrams below show examples of some types of specialised cells from THIS
MARGIN
the human body.

A B C
Sperm Cell White Blood Cell Red Blood Cell

12 μm 20 μm
8 μm

D E F
Muscle Cell Egg Cell (Ovum) Cheek Cell

130 μm 120 μm 50 μm

The cells are not drawn to the same scale.

(μm = micrometre)

(a) Put letters in the boxes below to arrange the cells in order of size. 1

increasing size

(b) Choose one of the following cell types by circling it.

sperm cell egg cell red blood cell

Describe the function of the chosen cell and explain how its
specialisation allows it to carry out that function. 2

F
unction

xplanation
E

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6. (continued) THIS
MARGIN

(c) The diagram below shows some stages in the development of blood cells
and nerve cells.

Cluster of
stem cells

stem cell

blood cells nerve cells

Describe the feature of stem cells which gives them the potential to
develop into many different types of cells, such as blood and nerve cells. 1

(d) Which of the following statements refer to processes involving stem cells?
Tick (✓) the correct box(es). 1

Growth of new skin

Transmission of nerve impulses

Muscle contraction

Repair of broken bones

Production of insulin

Total marks 5

*X707750115*

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7. Muscle tissue can be dark or light in colour. THIS
MARGIN

Dark tissue cells use oxygen to release energy.

Light tissue cells do not use oxygen to release energy.

(a) Name the process by which energy is released in the dark tissue cells. 1

(b) (i) Name the substance which muscle cells break down to produce
pyruvate. 1

(ii) When pyruvate is being formed, enough energy is released to form

two molecules of a high energy compound.
Complete the word equation below to show how this compound is
generated. 1

(c) The table below shows the average percentage of dark and light tissue
cells. These cells were found in the muscles of athletes training for
different events at the 2014 Commonwealth games in Scotland.

Average percentage of Average percentage of

dark tissue cells light tissue cells
Type of Athlete (%) (%)

cyclist 60 40

swimmer 75 25

shot putter 40 60

marathon runner 82 18

sprinter 38 62

(i) Using information in the table, identify which type of athlete would
be likely to produce the most lactic acid in their muscle cells.
Justify your answer. 2

Type of athlete

Justification

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(ii) A sample of muscle tissue from an athlete was examined and found
to contain a total of 360 cells.
90 of these cells were light tissue cells.
Identify which type of athlete the sample was taken from. 1

Space for calculation

Type of athlete

Total marks 6

[Turn over

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8. (a) 
The regulation of glucose in the blood is represented in the diagram THIS
MARGIN
below.

A High / Low blood glucose B High / Low blood glucose

Organ X

C Insulin / glucagon released D Insulin / glucagon released

Organ Y releases Organ Y stores

glucose into blood glucose as glycogen

Normal glucose levels

(i) The diagram above has two options in each of the four boxes
A, B, C, D.
Circle the correct option in each box. 2

(ii) Identify organs X and Y. 2

Organ X

Organ Y

(b) Insulin and glucagon are hormones.

Describe two features of hormones. 2

Total marks 6

*X707750118*

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9. Coat colour in Labrador dogs is an inherited characteristic. Black coat (B) THIS
MARGIN
colour is dominant to chocolate coat colour (b).

(a) A homozygous black Labrador was crossed with a Labrador with a

chocolate coloured coat.
Complete the diagram below to show the genotypes of each of the
parents and the F1 phenotype. 2

Parents: black coat X chocolate coat

Genotypes:

F1 genotype: All Bb

F1 phenotype:

(b) (i) Explain what is meant by polygenic inheritance. 1

(ii) State the type of variation shown by polygenic inheritance. 1

Total marks 4

[Turn over

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10. (a) Lugworms live on the seashore in dark moist burrows under the sand. THIS
MARGIN

The graph below shows the average number of lugworms at different

distances from the seawater at low tide.

35

30

25
Average
number of 20
lugworms
per m2 15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Distance from the sea water at low tide (m)

(i) Describe the relationship between the distance from the seawater
at low tide and the average number of lugworms per m2. 2

(ii) Calculate how many times greater the average number of lugworms
at 11 metres is compared to 7 metres from the seawater at low
tide. 1
Space for calculation

times greater

*X707750120*

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10. (continued) THIS
MARGIN

(b) Dover sole and rex sole are different species of flatfish and are predators
of lugworms. Curlews, which are a species of wading bird, also feed on
lugworms.
(i) Complete the table below by placing a tick (✓) in the correct box
to show the type of competition that would occur between the
different predators. 1

Type of Competition
Predator Intraspecific Interspecific

rex sole and curlew

curlew and curlew

rex sole and dover sole

(ii) A curlew gains an average of 165 kilojoules (kJ) of energy daily, by

feeding on lugworms.
Select, from the following list, the value of the energy which is
used for growth each day by the curlew.
Tick (✓) the correct box. 1

165 kJ

148·5 kJ

16·5 kJ

0 kJ

Total marks 5

[Turn over

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11. During a woodland survey, a group of students measured some abiotic factors. THIS
MARGIN
Readings they took included the temperature of the soil and the air.

(a) Name one abiotic factor, other than temperature, which they could have
measured in the woodland and describe the method of measuring this
factor. 2

Abiotic factor

Method

(b) (i) During the survey, the students sampled the leaf litter in the
woodland using pitfall traps.
However, when they checked the pitfall traps four days after
setting them up, the students discovered that they were all empty.
Describe an error the students might have made which would
explain why there were no invertebrates in the traps. 1

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11. (b) (continued) THIS
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(ii) The error was corrected and the students set out the pitfall traps
once again. The table below shows the types of invertebrates and
numbers found.

Invertebrates Number found

Woodlice 35

Beetles 20

Slugs 0

Spiders 30

Snails 15

Use the information in the table to complete the pie chart below. 2
(An additional pie chart, if required, can be found on Page twenty-six.)

(c) The students saw a large number of butterflies in the woodland.

Give a reason why no butterflies were collected with the invertebrates. 1

Total marks 6

*X707750123*

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12. The following diagram shows the stages in the formation of a new species. THIS
MARGIN

Mutant

barrier

Initial
Mutant
Population

(a) Using the information in the diagram, describe how new species are
formed. 4

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(b) Choose either mutation or species and tick (✓) the appropriate box.
Give a definition of the chosen term. 1

Mutation Species

Definition

(c) In any population, variation exists. Explain why variation is important for
the survival of a population. 1

Total marks 6

[END OF QUESTION PAPER]

*X707750125*

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additional grAPH PAPER for question 1(b)

Animal Plant Bacterial Fungal

Type of cell

additional pie chart for question 11(b)

*X707750126*

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*X707750127*

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*X707750128*

Page twenty-eight
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Section 2 Question 1 — 88351897 Darren Baker/Shutterstock.com

Section 2 Question 4 — 24964426 Blamb/Shutterstock.com

Section 2 Question 9 — 103284590 Ysbrand Cosijn/Shutterstock.com