Mathematics 7

Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 6
Addition and Subtraction
of Polynomials
Mathematics – Grade 7
Quarter 2 – Self-Learning Module 6: Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Margie B. Relato

Editor: Cristina DC. Prado
Reviewers: Rochelle B. Laranang; Ruby Baisa Tuando;
Glady O. Dela Cruz
Ma. Cynthia P. Badana; Ma. Victoria L. Peñalosa
Illustrator: Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist: Anthony G. Fijo , Clifchard D. Valente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
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Victor M. Javeña EdD
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Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
Mathematics 7
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 6
Addition and Subtraction of
Polynomials
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 7 Self-Learning Module on Addition and

Subtraction of Polynomials!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in this self-learning module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 7 Self-Learning Module on Addition and

Subtraction of Polynomials!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATION

1. Add and subtract polynomials.

PRETEST

Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the best answer in your
notebook.

1. What is the result when you add 𝑥 + (−𝑥)?

A. 2𝑥 C. 𝑥 2
B. −2𝑥 D. 0

2. What must be added to 𝑥 + 3 to get 2𝑥 − 4?

A. 𝑥 − 7 C. 3𝑥 + 1
B. 𝑥 + 1 D. 3𝑥 − 7

3. What must be subtracted from 2𝑦 − 3 to get −3𝑦 + 2?

A. 5𝑦 − 5 C. −𝑦 − 5
B. −5𝑦 + 5 D. 𝑦 + 5

4. Sofie had 𝑑 2 + 4𝑑 + 1 pesos. How much did she have after spending 4𝑑 − 1 pesos?

A. 𝑑 + 2 C. 𝑑 2 + 2
B. 𝑑 − 2 D. 𝑑 2 − 2

5. Mang Jose needs to fence a rectangular garden. He knows that its length is 1
meter longer than its width. What is the perimeter of the lot if its width is 4 meters?

a. 12 meters C. 16 meters
b. 14 meters D. 18 meters
 RECAP
Direction: Perform the indicated operations.

1. 4 + 2 = ___ 6. 4 − 2 = ___
2. −4 + (−2) = ___ 7. −4 − (−2) = ___
3. −4 + 2 = ___ 8. −4 − (2) = ___
4. 4 + (−2) = ___ 9. 4 − (−2) = ___
5. −8 + 10 = ___ 10. −8 − 10 = ___

LESSON

Adding Polynomials

To add all types of polynomials, we need to know first how to add monomials.
Let’s try adding these monomials using algebra tiles.
Model Name of Tile Illustrative Examples
IllustrativeExampless
𝑥2 𝑥 2 -tile 1. 𝑥 2 + (2𝑥 2 )
Solution: 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2
+ =
−𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 -tile
= 3(𝑥 2 )
𝑥 𝑥-tile = 3𝑥 2
𝑥
Answer: 𝑥 2 + (2𝑥 2 ) = 𝟑𝒙𝟐

−𝑥 −𝑥-tile
2. −𝑥 2 + (2𝑥 2 )
1 1-tile Solution: 𝑥2 𝑥2 2 𝑥2 𝑥2
−𝑥 2 + = −𝑥
−1 −1-tile

Remove the zero pair.

= 1(𝑥 2 )
= 𝑥2

Answer: −𝑥 2 + (2𝑥 2 ) = 𝒙𝟐
 3. −4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2

Solution: −𝑥22 −𝑥
−𝑥22 −𝑥 −𝑥22 −𝑥
−𝑥22 𝑥2 𝑥2 −𝑥22 −𝑥
−𝑥22 −𝑥 2 −𝑥 2
−𝑥 + = −𝑥 −𝑥 2 𝑥2 𝑥2

Remove the zero pair.

= 2(−𝑥 2 )
= −2𝑥 2

Answer: −4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 = −𝟐𝒙𝟐

4. 5𝑥 + 𝑥 + (−3𝑥)

Solution:
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑥 + −𝑥 −𝑥 −𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 −𝑥 −𝑥 −𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

Remove the zero pair.

= 3(𝑥)
= 3𝑥
Answer: 5𝑥 + 𝑥 + (−3𝑥 ) = 𝟑𝒙
Let’s proceed to adding binomials using algebra tiles, properties of addition and
vertical method:

1. Find the sum of 3𝑥 + 4 and 7𝑥 − 8.

Method 1. Using Algebra Tiles
Solution:
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 1 1 1 1

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
−1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

After removing the combinations that add up to zero, we have:

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 −1 −1 −1 −1
The remaining tiles model the expression 10𝑥 − 4.
Answer: (3𝑥 + 4) + (7𝑥 − 8) = 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟒
Method 2. Use the Properties of Addition
Solution: (3𝑥 + 4) + (7𝑥 − 8) = (3𝑥 + 7𝑥 ) + (4 − 8) Combine the x terms and constant
separately or use the Associative
Property of Addition.

= (3 + 7)𝑥 + (−4) To add similar terms, add their numerical

= (10)𝑥 + (−4) coefficients and keep their literal coefficients.

= 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟒 Use the Distributive Property.

Method 3. Adding Vertically

3𝑥 + 4 Write the polynomial in descending powers of variable(s).
Solution: +
7𝑥 − 8 Arrange the like terms in column.
𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟒 Perform the indicated operation.
Let’s try adding these polynomials vertically.

1. Add (3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 6𝑥𝑦 + 8) and (2𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 11).

Solution:
3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 6𝑥𝑦 + 8 Place the like terms under the same column
+
2𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 11 and add.
𝟓𝒙𝟐 𝒚 + 𝟒𝒙𝒚 − 𝟑

2. Add (3𝑦 5 − 2𝑦 + 𝑦 4 + 2𝑦 3 + 5) and (2𝑦 5 + 3𝑦 3 + 2).

Solution: Write the polynomials in descending powers of the variable.
That is (3𝑦 5 + 𝑦 4 + 2𝑦 3 − 2𝑦 + 5) + (2𝑦 5 + 3𝑦 3 + 2.

3𝑦 5 + 𝑦 4 + 2𝑦 3 − 2𝑦 + 5
+ Arrange in columns of like terms, then add.
2𝑦 5 + 3𝑦 3 +2
𝟓𝒚𝟓 + 𝒚𝟒 + 𝟓𝒚𝟑 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟕

3. Add (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3) and 2(−2𝑥 + 3).

Solution: Use the distributive property to remove the parentheses.
That is 2(−2𝑥 + 3) will become −4𝑥 + 6.

2
+ 𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 3 Arrange in columns of like terms, then add.
−4𝑥 + 6
𝟐
𝒙 +𝟗
Subtracting Polynomials
You have practiced already the addition of polynomials. It will be easier for
you to subtract polynomials.
To subtract polynomials, just add its additive inverse.
That is, 𝒂 − 𝒃 = 𝒂 + (−𝒃)

Examples:
Subtract the following monomials.

1. 2𝑥 − 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + (−𝑥 ) = [2 + (−1)]𝑥 = 1(𝑥 ) = 𝒙

2. −2𝑥 − 𝑥 = −2𝑥 + (−𝑥 ) = [−2 + (−1)]𝑥 = −3(𝑥 ) = −𝟑𝒙
3. 2𝑥 − (−𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 + (𝑥 ) = (2 + 1)𝑥 = 3(𝑥 ) = 𝟑𝒙
4. −2𝑥 − (−𝑥 ) = −2𝑥 + (𝑥 ) = (−2 + 1)𝑥 = −1(𝑥 ) = −𝒙
5. −3𝑥 2 − (−2𝑥 2 ) = −3𝑥 2 + (2𝑥 2 ) = (−3 + 2)𝑥 2 = −1(𝑥 2 ) = −𝒙𝟐

Subtract the following expressions vertically.

Note: Change the sign of the second expression before adding it.

1. Subtract 7𝑥 + 2 from 5𝑥 + 4.
5𝑥 + 4 5𝑥 + 4
[Sol.] − +
7𝑥 + 2 −7𝑥 − 2
−𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐

2. Subtract 4𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 3 from 3𝑦 2 − 𝑦 − 6.
3𝑦 2 − 𝑦 − 6 3𝑦 2 − 𝑦 − 6
[Sol.] − +
4𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 3 −4𝑦 2 − 5𝑦 − 3
−𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟗

3. Subtract 7𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3 from the sum of 4𝑥 2 + 5 and 6𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 3.

[Sol.] Step 1. Add before subtracting.
Add. Subtract.
2 2 2
+ 4𝑥2 +5 − 10𝑥2 − 10𝑥 + 8 + 10𝑥2 − 10𝑥 + 8
6𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 3 7𝑥 − 5𝑥 − 3 − 7𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 3
𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟖 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏

4. Subtract the sum of (8𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 − 1 ) and (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 1) from (−4𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 5).

[Sol.] Step 1. Add before subtracting.
Add. Subtract.
3 2
+ 8𝑥
3
+ 2𝑥 − 1 − 4𝑥3 − 2𝑥2 + 3𝑥 + 5 + 4𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 5
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 1 8𝑥 + 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 2 −8𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2
𝟖𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝟐 −𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟕
 ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

DRAW TO ADD!

Direction: Add 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 and 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 5 using algebra tiles.

Solution:

Answer:

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!

Direction: Find the perimeter (sum of all sides) of the following figures.
𝑥+1
1. 2. 3.
3𝑥 2𝑥 + 3
𝑥−3

5𝑥 − 2 5𝑥 + 2 2𝑥 + 1

[Sol.] [Sol.] [Sol.]

Answer: Answer: Answer:

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Direction: Perform the indicated operations.

1. (11𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 2) + (5𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3)
2. (12𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3) + (𝑥 3 + 𝑥 − 4)
3. (2𝑦 3 − 3𝑦 − 7) – (−5𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 − 4)
4. (5𝑦 3 + 2𝑦 2 − 8) – (𝑦 3 − 3𝑦 2 + 7𝑦)
5. (3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 3𝑥 + 2) – (−𝑥 2 𝑦 − 3)

WRAP-UP

How are polynomials added? Subtracted? What rules must be followed? How
are dissimilar terms simplified?

VALUING
REFLECTION: (Journal Writing)

Learning Math creates discipline specifically in a

human mind. The mental discipline you get from the
creative activities in Math is a good foundation for other
types of learning.
In what way is mental discipline necessary in
performing operations on polynomials?

POSTTEST

Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the best answer in your
notebook.

1. What is the result when you add 2𝑥 + (−2𝑥)?

A. 4𝑥 C. 4𝑥 2
B. −4𝑥 D. 0

2. What number subtracted from 𝑥 − 𝑦 will give 𝑥 + 𝑦?

A. 0 C. −2𝑦
B. 𝑥 − 2𝑦 D. 2𝑥 − 2𝑦

3. What number added to 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 𝑦 2 will give 0?

A. 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 𝑦 2 C. 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 𝑦 2
B. −𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 𝑦 2 D. −𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 𝑦 2

4. Amali had 𝑎2 + 4𝑎 + 1 pesos. How much did she have after spending 4𝑎 − 1 pesos?

A. 𝑎 + 2 C. 𝑎2 + 2
B. 𝑎 − 2 D. 𝑎2 − 2

5. What is the result when you add 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 and 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧, then subtract it to the
sum of 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 and 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧?

A. x C. 3𝑥
B. 2𝑥 D. 0
 POSTTEST
1. D 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. D
ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!
1. 16𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 1
2. 13𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 1
3. 2𝑦 3 + 5𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 − 3
4. 4𝑦 3 + 5𝑦 2 − 7𝑦 − 8
5. 4𝑥 2 𝑦 − 3𝑥 + 5
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
1. 𝑃 = 16𝑥 − 4 2. 𝑃 = 14𝑥 + 9 3. 𝑃 = 8𝑥 − 4
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!
RECAP
1. 6 6. 2
2. – 6 7. – 2
3. – 2 8. – 6
4. 2 9. 6
5. 2 10. – 18
PRETEST
1. D 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. D
KEY TO CORRECTION
 References

Nivera, Gladys C. Grade 7 Mathematics: Patterns and Practicalities. Updated Edition.

Makati City: Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press, Inc.2013

Oronce, Orlando A. and Marilyn O. Mendoza. E-MATH 7. Revised Edition. Manila:

Rex Book Store Inc., 2015.

Oronce, Orlando A. and Marilyn O. Mendoza. Exploring Mathematics I. First Edition.

Manila: Rex Book Store Inc., 2003.

Canva for Education. https://www.canva.com/photos/search/Mental-discipline/.

(accessed July 30, 2020).

The Value of Math. https://pt.slideshare.net/mobile/Learners-Inc/the-value-fo-

math?smtNoRedir=1. (accessed July 24, 2020)