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    The pre-colonial history of Southern Asia encompassed several major empires and civilizations over thousands of years. The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the world's earliest urban societies flourishing between 2600-1900 BCE in modern-day Pakistan and India. The Vedic period saw the arrival of Indo-Aryan tribes and composition of early Sanskrit texts between 1500-600 BCE. The Maurya Empire founded by Chandragupta Maurya was the first major empire, expanding across most of the subcontinent under Ashoka and spreading Buddhism. Subsequent empires like the Gupta and Chola made great advancements in art, science, and maritime trade. In the medieval era, Islamic Sultanates and

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    India's foreign policy 4

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    The pre-colonial history of Southern Asia encompassed several major empires and civilizations over thousands of years. The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the world's earliest urban societies flourishing between 2600-1900 BCE in modern-day Pakistan and India. The Vedic period saw the arrival of Indo-Aryan tribes and composition of early Sanskrit texts between 1500-600 BCE. The Maurya Empire founded by Chandragupta Maurya was the first major empire, expanding across most of the subcontinent under Ashoka and spreading Buddhism. Subsequent empires like the Gupta and Chola made great advancements in art, science, and maritime trade. In the medieval era, Islamic Sultanates and

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    6 views1 page

    Ifp 4

    Uploaded by

    Sricharan 2107
    The pre-colonial history of Southern Asia encompassed several major empires and civilizations over thousands of years. The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the world's earliest urban societies flourishing between 2600-1900 BCE in modern-day Pakistan and India. The Vedic period saw the arrival of Indo-Aryan tribes and composition of early Sanskrit texts between 1500-600 BCE. The Maurya Empire founded by Chandragupta Maurya was the first major empire, expanding across most of the subcontinent under Ashoka and spreading Buddhism. Subsequent empires like the Gupta and Chola made great advancements in art, science, and maritime trade. In the medieval era, Islamic Sultanates and

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    The pre-colonial history of Southern Asia encompasses a vast and diverse region that

    includes present-day countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal,
    Bhutan, and the Maldives. This region has a rich and ancient history that dates back
    thousands of years. Here is an overview of some key aspects of the pre-colonial history of
    Southern Asia:

    1. Indus Valley Civilization (2600 BCE - 1900 BCE): The Indus Valley Civilization, also known
    as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the world's earliest urban civilizations. It thrived in
    what is now Pakistan and western India, with well-planned cities like Harappa and
    Mohenjo-daro. The Indus Valley Civilization had advanced urban planning, sewage systems,
    and a writing system that is yet to be fully deciphered.

    2. Vedic Period (1500 BCE - 600 BCE): The Vedic period marks the arrival of Indo-Aryan
    tribes in the Indian subcontinent. These tribes composed the Rigveda, the oldest known
    Sanskrit literature. Vedic society was characterized by the performance of elaborate rituals
    and the dominance of priestly class (Brahmins).

    3. Maurya Empire (322 BCE - 185 BCE): The Maurya Empire, founded by Chandragupta
    Maurya, was the first major empire in ancient India. Under the rule of Emperor Ashoka, it
    expanded to encompass almost the entire Indian subcontinent and played a significant role
    in spreading Buddhism.

    4. Gupta Empire (320 CE - 550 CE): The Gupta Empire is often considered a golden age in
    Indian history. It was known for its advancements in art, science, mathematics, and
    literature. The period saw great achievements in the fields of astronomy, medicine, and
    metallurgy. It also witnessed the flourishing of classical Indian art and the development of
    Hindu temple architecture.

    5. Chola Empire (9th century CE - 13th century CE): The Chola dynasty, based in southern
    India, was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the region. The Cholas were known for their
    maritime power, trade networks, and patronage of art and literature. They had significant
    influence over trade routes in the Indian Ocean and established political and cultural ties with
    Southeast Asia.

    6. Sultanates and Mughal Empire (1206 CE - 1707 CE): In the medieval period, various
    Islamic Sultanates, such as the Delhi Sultanate, emerged in northern India. The Delhi
    Sultanate faced multiple invasions by Central Asian and Mongol rulers. In the 16th century,
    the Mughal Empire, founded by Babur, consolidated power and ruled over a large part of the
    subcontinent. The Mughals were known for their architectural marvels, such as the Taj
    Mahal.

    These are just a few highlights of the pre-colonial history of Southern Asia. The region has a
    rich tapestry of diverse cultures, religions, and civilizations that have contributed to its vibrant
    heritage.

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