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    Chapter 5 Radioactivity: Writing Nuclear Reaction Equation

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    leelee1127
    The document provides examples of writing nuclear reaction equations, calculating half-lives of radioactive substances, and calculating energy released using Einstein's mass-energy equation. It also includes sample objective questions related to radioactivity that may appear on a SPM exam.

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    Chapter 5 Radioactivity: Writing Nuclear Reaction Equation

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    leelee1127
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    The document provides examples of writing nuclear reaction equations, calculating half-lives of radioactive substances, and calculating energy released using Einstein's mass-energy equation. It also includes sample objective questions related to radioactivity that may appear on a SPM exam.

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    Chapter 5 Radioactivity

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    The document provides examples of writing nuclear reaction equations, calculating half-lives of radioactive substances, and calculating energy released using Einstein's mass-energy equation. It also includes sample objective questions related to radioactivity that may appear on a SPM exam.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    43 views2 pages

    Chapter 5 Radioactivity: Writing Nuclear Reaction Equation

    Uploaded by

    leelee1127
    The document provides examples of writing nuclear reaction equations, calculating half-lives of radioactive substances, and calculating energy released using Einstein's mass-energy equation. It also includes sample objective questions related to radioactivity that may appear on a SPM exam.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Chapter 5 RADIOACTIVITY

    Writing nuclear reaction equation: 238 Example 1: Uranium-238 92 U emits an alpha particle and decays into a thorium atom. State the nucleon number and proton number of the thorium. Write an equation for this decay.

    Example 2: Complete

    210 82

    0 Pb Bi 1 e

    Example 3: Strontium-90 ( 38 Sr ) decays to yttrium-90 30Y by emitting a radioactive particle. Write an equation for this decay. What particle is emitted during the decay? Example 4: 90Th decays to 82 Pb , by emitting alpha particles and beta particles. Determine the number of alpha particles and beta particles being emitted.
    232 208

    90


    90

    Calculation of half-life, T1/2 Example 1: The radioactive atoms in a substance decay to become stable atoms. It was found that after 288 s, 6.25% of the atoms have not decayed. What is the half-life of the substance? Example 2: The half-life of iodine-131 is 8 days. A radioactive sample contains 64 g of iodine-131. Determine the mass of iodine that has decayed and has not decayed after 24 days. Example 3: A sample of lead-211 of mass 96 g has a half-life of 36.1 minutes. (a) What fraction of the sample has not decayed after 108.3 minutes? (b) What is the mass of the decayed products after this period of time? Calculation by using Einsteins mass-energy equation: Example 1: Below is an equation for the decay of radium-226.
    226 88 4 Ra 222 Rn 2 He energy 86

    The masses of each atom: Ra-226 = 226.02536 a.m.u. Rn-222=222.01753 a.m.u. He-4 = 4.00260 a.m.u. 1 a.m.u. = 1.6610-27 kg 1eV =1.6610-19 J (a) Find the mass defect in (i) a.m.u. (ii) kg (b) Calculate the amount of energy released in (i) J (ii) eV
    2 2 3 1 Example 2: A possible fusion reaction is represented by the following equation: 1 H 1 H 1 H 1 H Calculate the energy released in joules. H-2=2.014102 u H-3=3.016049 u H-1=1.007825 u 1 u = 1.6610-27 kg c = 3.0108 ms-1

    Example 3: Below is an equation involving the fission of Uranium-235 by a fast moving neutron.
    235 92 92 U 01n141Ba 36 Kr 301 n energy 36

    Calculate the amount of energy released by an atom of Uranium-235. U-235 = 235.04 u Kr-92 = 91.93 u Ba-141=140.91 u Neutron = 1.01 u 1 u = 1.6610-27 kg c = 3.0 108 ms-1

    PAST YEAR SPM Objective Questions: The following equation represents the decay of a uranium nucleus.
    238 92 0 4 U 230 Th x 1 e y 2 He 90

    What are the values of x and y? x y A 0 1 B 1 1 C 1 2 D 2 2 What is the radioisotope that can be used to determine the age of a fossil? A. A Radon-222 C. C Carbon-14 B. B Uranium-238 D. D Iodine-131 Which of the following statements is a characteristic of gamma radiation? A. It has a positive charge B. It is an electromagnetic wave C. It has a higher ionizing power than alpha radiation D. It has a lower penetrating power than beta radiation The initial mass of radioactive element is 10 g and its half-life is 6 days. A. 6 days earlier, the mass is 20 g B. 12 days earlier, the mass is 80 g C. 6 days later, the mass is 2.5 g D. 12 days later, the mass is 5.0 g In the fission reaction for a atom of uranium-235, the energy produced is 2.910-11 J. What is the total loss of mass in the reaction/ A. 3.2210-28 kg C. 2.61106 kg B. 9.6710-20 kg D. 1.031019 kg The half-life of arsenic is 18 days. A sample contains a certain amount of arsenic. After 72 days, only 10 g of the arsenic still remains. What is the initial mass of the arsenic? A. 160 g C. 80 g B. 90 g D. 72 g The following equation shows the nuclear fission of
    235 92 92 U 1n141Ba 36 Kr 301 n X 56 0
    235 92

    U.

    What is X? A. Beta particle B. Alpha particle

    C. Energy D. Gamma ray

    A large amount of energy is released when two light nuclei combine to form a heavy nucleus. What is the name of this process? A. chain reaction C. nuclear fission B. nuclear reaction D. nuclear fusion

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