1000 Military Aircraft in Colour - Tyrantboy

1000
MILITARY AIRCRAFT
MILITARY AIRCRAFT
Copyright © 2001 Gerry Manning
First published in the UK in 2001

by Airlife Publishing Ltd
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library
ISBN 1 84037 1994
The information in this book is true and complete to the best of our knowledge. All
recommendations are made without any guarantee on the part of the Publisher, who
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Printed in China
Airlife Publishing Ltd

101 Longden Road, Shrewsbury, SY3 9EB, England
E-mail: airlife@airlifebooks.com
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,. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank the four contributors of pictures who

have been able to fill in some of the gaps in my own
collection. They are, in alphabetical order, Phil Duckett
(P.J.D.), Tony Griffiths (A.G.), John Smith (J.D.S.) and Steve
Williams (S.G.W.). Photographs without a credit are my own.
INTRODUCTION
." This is a military companion for my 1998 book, 1000 Airlines

in Colour. It shows the range of military aeroplanes and the
colour schemes worn. The aim is not just to look at the latest
fast jets, they are in, but to show the range of aircraft types
that have served in uniform over the last forty years.
Military aircraft have in recent years been lasting longer
and longer in service. Who would have believed that when
the B-52 first flew in 1952 it would not only still be in service
today but scheduled to continue until 2020. This example is
now only one of many.
The colour schemes on a lot of military aircraft types today
can be described as grey with grey markings. These are a far
cry from the dazzling colours on some of the older aircraft
illustrated. An effort has been made to show examples of the
special markings that squadrons apply for anniversaries to
help bring some colour to the pages of the newest types.
The order of the pictures is: fighters and bombers then
trainers, transport including assorted liaison designs,
maritime, helicopters and, to end, a section of aerobatic
teams. These sortings are only approximate, as so many
aircraft are now multi-role some could fit in almost any
category. Where types have different functions they are
grouped together for ease of comparison.
It must be accepted by the reader that there is a long time
lapse between finishing the text and it being published. I have
tried to keep it as up to date as possible but some things will
have changed during this time period. An index of aircraft
types is included at the back of the book.
Gerry Manning
Liverpool
'.
5
1000 MILITARY AIRCRAFT IN COLOUR
Right: The MiG-25 was designed to combat the

menace, to the Russians, of the North American
XB70 Valkyrie, a high-flying Mach-3 bomber.
The Americans cancelled the project but the
MiG went ahead. The fighter, with a 3,000
km/hr speed together with its bulk, it was 71 ft
6 in (22.3 m) long with a wing span of 45 ft 2 in
(14.1 mI. was not a dogfighter. It was also used
as a reconnaissance platform. Illustrated is
01(Blue) a MiG-25U-LL. Note that the rear seat
is open as this airframe is used to test ejector
seats at high speeds. It is seen at its base,
Zhukovsky, in August 1995.
Above: Pictured is 91(Red) a MiG-25PU. This is Below: The current backbone of the Swedish Air Above: The SAAB 39 Gripen (Griffin) is the
a h\'o- eat training version, note how the extra Force (Flygvapnet) is the multi-role SAAB 37 latest design from the Swedish manufacturer. It
place has been grafted onto the nose section. It is Viggen (Thunderbolt). Seen visiting Finningley is a true multi-role machine, being a fighter, an
een taxiing out to take off at the Russian in September 1986 is 37330 a jA37 of F13; this attack and a reconnaissance aircraft in one. Seen
re earch base at Zhukovsky, August 1995. variant is configured as a fighter. at Farnborough, is jAS39 39.4, September 1992.
Above: Sweden has for many years had a 'go it

alone' policy with the design and manufacture of
very advanced warplanes. This complements the
national neutral status. In October 1955 they first
flew the Mach-2 interceptor, the SAAB 35 Right: The Finnish Air Force is in the process of
Draken (Dragon). The first production aircraft replacing its Draken fleet with F/A18 Hornets.
were delivered towards the end of that decade. Seen at Pirkkala, part of Satakunta Air
Seen here at its Angelholm base, August 1995, is Command, is J35FS Draken DK263, a single-
35586 62/Fl0, a J35J variant. FlO was the last seat interceptor of HaLLv 21, june 1998. The
unit to operate the type in front-line service. (PJD) unit was in transition at this time.
Left: DK270 is a SAAB Sk35CS Draken two-seat

trainer of HaLLv 11 (11 th Fighter Squadron) of
the Finnish Air Force (Soumen Ilmaviomat). It
is seen at its base, Rovaniemi on the Arctic
Circle, june 1998. The unit is part of Lapland
Air Command.
6
Below: Denmark was the only NATO country to operate the Swedish
double delta. AR110, an S35XD Draken of Esk 729, is seen in its all-over
green scheme at Upper Heyford, June 1984. These aircraft have been
replaced by F16s.
Above: The North American F86 Sabre has had

a long service life. Land-locked Bolivia must
have been the last front-line user with three
airframes being operated as late as 1992. Seen
here in November of that year is F86F FAB658
of Grupo Aereo de Caza 32 at its base of El
Trompillo, Santa Cruz de la Sierra.
Left: The Sabre was built under licence in

Canada, and the main difference from the North
American machines was the powerplant. An
Avro Orenda from the Sabre 3 was used instead
of the General Electric J47. Sabre 6 23459 in the
markings of 421 Squadron. 2 Wing, Royal
Canadian Air Force is seen at Prestwick in May
1963. (AG)
Above: Scottish Aviation serviced many military aircraft. Seen here is

23664, a Canadian Sabre 6 of 444 (Cobra) Squadron RCAF. 2 Wing, from
West Germany at Prestwick. May 1963. (AG)
Above: The popular image of F86 Sabres in service with the United States
Below: The'sad fate of many military aircraft is to be a target. Canadair Air Force is that of silver airframes with colourful squadron markings.
abre 5 23320/N74170 is seen at Mojave, CA. October 1979, during service However, during the last few years of service camouflage was applied to
\\ith the US Army. It was re-designated as a QF86E and this airframe was some aircraft. Pictured is F86H 53-1506 of the 104th Fighter Squadron,
hot down over the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico in August Maryland Air ational Guard. It is seen at Pittsburgh in August 1970, the
the following year. month the type was replaced by the Cessna A37B. (SGW)
Above:.QF86H Sabre 53-1409 is a target drone operated by the US Navy at

its China Lake test centre. It was seen at Edwards AFB in October 1979.
7
Below: The French answer to the Eurofighter is

the Dassault Rafale. It is designed to be both a
land-based fighter for the French Air Force and
a naval version to operate from the French Navy
aircraft carriers. The first prototype 01 is seen at
the Farnborough Air Show in September 1988.
Above: The shape of things to come is seen here with Eurofighter 2000 ZH588. The aircraft is a joint
project of Britain. Germany. Italy and Spain. all of whom will build parts of the aircraft and operate
the type within their own air forces. This BaeSystems operated prototype is seen at Farnborough in
September 1996. The Royal Air Force plans to operate a total of 232 with options on a further sixty-
five. The first deliveries to the Operational Evaluation Unit will be in 2002.
Above: The Supermarine Scimitar Fl was a Royal Navy-Fleet Air Arm single-seat strike/fighter, Above: Scimitar Fl XD219 is seen at RNAS
powered bv two Rolls-Royce Avon 202 turbojets of 11,250 lb static thrust. First flown in January 1957, Brawdy in August 1968. It is on charge to the
the fir t operational squadron (803) formed in June the following year. XD228 613 of 736 Squadron is Naval Aircraft Servicing Unit (NASU) at that
een at Brawdy, July 1963. (AG) location.
Above: The Gloster Javelin was a two-seat delta wing all-weather fighter Above: The Dassault Mystere IV,A was first flown in September 1952. It
equipped with radar and four de Havilland Firestreak air-to-air missiles. served with the French as well as the air forces of India and Israel. No. 295
In February 1956,46 Squadron equipped with Javelin FAWls which were is seen at Sculthorpe, in May 1976, in the markings of ET 2/8 'Nice'. Coded
the first in service. Last of the line was the illustrated XH897. an FAW9. 8-NA. it carries the black and white stork badge of the uflit on the fin top.
It is on charge to the A&AEE (Aeroplane and Armanlent Experimental
Establishment) at Bascombe Down. It was photgraphed in September
1971 at Coltishall.
Below: Israel Aircraft Industries designed the Kfir which is based upon the
Mirage 5. It is powered by a single General Electric J79 engine, giving a
Mach 2 performance, and is used as an interceptor and ground attack
aircraft. Kfir C2 779/4XCFL is seen at the Paris Air Show, June 1977.
Above: The Dassault Super Mystere B2 was a supersonic single-seat

interceptor and fighter-bomber. Seen at Upper Heyford, in June 1971, is
No. 88 of EC 1/12 'Cambresis' coded 12-YD. It has a tiger's head on the fin
and is the regular Armee de l'Air participant at NATO Tiger Meets.
8
Below: The de Havilland Sea Venom entered service with the Royal Navy
in 1954. It was the service's first all-weather jet fighter. By the end of that
decade they were being replaced by the same manufacturer's Sea Vixen.
Following this they soldiered on in second-line duties. The Air Director
Training Unit at RNAS Yeovilton operates Sea Venom FAW22 XG729
733/VL. It is seen at Chivenor in August 1969.
bove: With a service life of nearly forty years in the Swedish Air Force, Below: Seen here in an all-white non-standard colour scheme is A&AEE
the last use of the SAAB 32 Lansen was as an electronic warfare training de Havilland Sea Vixen FAWl Xj476 at its home base Boscombe Down,
aircraft. 32512 j32E 03/F16M is seen visiting Fairford in july 1994 from its March 1971. The Sea Vixen was the Fleet Air Arm's first swept wing all-
base at Malmsliitt. weather, two-seat interceptor. The nose of this aircraft is preserved at the
Southampton Hall of Aviation.
Below: Many of the Sea Vixen FAW1s were

converted to FAW2 standard. This later variant
had extra fuel capacity by the extension of the
booms forward together with the launch system
for the air-to-air Red Top missile. Xj521, coded
705/VL, is operated by 766 Squadron at RNAS
Yeovilton. It is seen at Chivenor in August 1969.
766 was the type's training unit. The design was
to be replaced within three years when the F4
Phantom entered service.
Below: As the Soviet Union began to build a 'blue water' navy they had to
start from scratch to operate aircraft carriers and the aircraft that flew from
them. The Yakovlev Yak·38 (NATO code-name Forger) was the first
practical VTOL aircraft to fly off the carrier Kiev. The aircraft had a main
engine with two extra lift engines. Silen hovering at Zhukovsky, in August
1995, is 24(Yellow) a Yak-38U two-seat trainer. The extra nose area makes
this perhaps one of the most ugly aeroplanes flying today.
Above: Flight Refuelling at Tarrent Rushton

converted a small number of Sea Vixens to
pilotless drone targets with the designation 03.
XS587 is at Valley, in August 1983, on charge to
the RAE. The drone program moved ahead very
slowly and finally closed down.
Right: NATO code-name Freestyle, the Yakovlev

Yak·141 was to have been the next. generation of
VTOL fighter on the Soviet Navy's carriers. The
end of communism has found the Russian
Republic short of funds to develop defence
projects. 141(White) is at Zhukovsky, August
1995. The type is very unlikely to achieve any
quantity production.
9
Below: The MiG (Mikoyan & Gurevich) 31 had its roots in the MiG-25. however with its phased array
radar system and very long-range air-to-air missiles it is a far more efficient interceptor. MiG-31M
057(Blue) is seen under power at Zhukovsky. August 1995. This aircraft was the seventh and final
31M. the most advanced variant: it has electronic warfare pods on the wing tips. Code-nanled
Foxhound by NATO. the decline in the Russian defence budgets is likely to see that this is the last
version of the type.
Above: With a Mach 2+ performance the swing-

wing MiG-23 (NATO code-name Flogger) was
one of the most widely used interceptors in the
Soviet Air Force and the states within their
sphere of influence. 56(Red) is a MiG-23UB
two-seat trainer taxiing to take off at
Zhukovsky. in August 1995. The emblem on
the nose is not a squadron badge but a device to
scare birds.
Above: Towing its drag chute is Russian Below: Papa in Hungary is the location of this Above: Seen landing at Fairford. July 1997. is
. IiG-23CB 64(Red) of 296 APIB at its then. base MiG-23MF (Flogger B) of the Magyar Legiel'O - the Czech Air Force's MiG-23ML 2425 of 41SLT.
at Gro enhain. July 1992. This airfield was in Hungarian Air Force - 47th Tactical Fighter The type has since been withdrawn from
the old German Democratic Republic and like Wing. 08(Red) was photographed in September service as the Czechs look forward to western
all uch locations the Russians have moved out 1997. (PJD) equipment after joining NATO in 1999.
and back east. (PJD)
Above: Seen on the ramp at Constanta-Mikhail

Kogalnicanu is Romanian Air Force MiG-23MF
224 of the 57th Regiment. Note the difference in
colours for the different roles from the same
unit's MiG-29. The aircraft was photographed in
May 1999. (PJD)
Below: The Mirage 1115 is the Swiss variant and has features such as
better brakes and a tail hook to cope with some of the shorter Swiss
airfields. J2325 in the original bare metal is seen at Dubendorf. August
1987. It carries the badge of FISt 17 who are based at Payerne.
Above: For France the Dassaul t Mirage 111 series of aircraft was one of the
most successful ever. Besides the home market they were sold to many
countries including Israel. The 'Six Day War' in 1967 was the combat seal
of approval. The illustrated example is No. 346 a Mirage 111R 33-CO of
Escadre de Reconnaisance ER1/33 ·BeHort'. The unit badge is a battle-axe.
as seen on the fin. It is seen at Chiiteaudun. June 1977.
10
1000 MIUTARY AIRCRAFT r\ COLDER
Below: The tirage l1lRS i the pho a

reconnaissance variant of the type. note the
different shape of the nose. R-210-l of \\i :\ir
Force unit Fliegerstaffel 10 is pictured at the
unit's base in Dubendorf, August 1987.
Above: The new colour of so many military Below: Seen visiting Edwards AFB in October Below: Built by McDonnell (later McDonnell
aeroplanes today is grey. In an air defence grey 1979, is Oregon ANG FI0IB Voodoo 58-0329 of Douglas and now Boeing) the FlOl Voodoo was
is Swiss Air Force Mirage 1115 J-2311 at the 123rd FIS. The unit flew this design for ten built to be a fighter with SAC (Strategic Air
Dubendorf, August 1987. years starting in 1971. Command) and went on to serve with most
USAF commands. It was also operated by the
Canadian and Chinese Nationalists. 58-0261
FI01B of the 2nd FITS is seen landing at its base
at Tyndall, FL, October 1981.
Below: Texas, the lone star state, operated FlOIF Voodoos. The 'F' variant Below: A reconfigured nose shows this aircraft to be a photo
was a reworked 'B' with an improved fire control and infra-red detection reconnaissance version of the Voodoo. RFI0IC 56-0112 is operated by the
systems. These replaced the in-flight refuelling probe. 58-0276 is seen 66th TRW, which was based at Upper Heyford during the period this
visiting Eglin AFB, Florida, in October 1981, and is operated by ll1th picture was taken. It was photographed at RAF Valley in August 1968, in
Fighter Squadron, Texas ANG. the camouflage colours worn at this time.
Below: Showing off what the colours used to be is FI0IA Voodoo 54-1455, seen at Alconbury, May
1964. It displays the multi-coloured tail of the 81st TFW then based at Bentwaters. It is of note that
one of the weapons carried by the Voodoo was the MB-l Genie air-to-air missile with a nuclear
warhead; a near miss would still manage to destroy the target! (AG)
Above: Seen at its home base RNAS Brawdy, in

July 1962, is Hawker Sea Hawk FGA6 XE340
124/C of 801 Squadron. The 'C' code is for its
carrier base HMS Centaur. The Sea Hawk
entered service with 806 Squadron in March
1953: this particular aircraft has survived and is
in a museum at Montrose in Scotland. (AG)
11
Below: The quick and easy way to spot the difference between a MiG-23
and a MiG-27 is the non-moveable splitter plates on the engine intakes;
both types share the sanle NATO code-name Flogger. Seen in July 1992 at
Grossenhain in what was formerly the old GDR. is MiG-27D (Flogger Jl
05(Red) of 296APIB of the Russian Air Force, with its brake chute still
attached. (PJD)
Above: NATO gave the code-name 'Fitter' to the range of Sukhoi ground Below: An action shot of Sukhoi Su-22M-4 4007 as it lands at Fairford, in
attack fighters starting with the Su-7. The final 'Fitter' variant is the July 1995, with another (3802) of the same type behind it.
Su-22M-4. The quickest recognition point is the ram air inlet at the base
of the tail fin. 4007 (Fitter K) code 32 of 32ZTL Czech Air Force is at
Fairford, July 1995.
Above: Avro Canada designed and built the

CFI00, a two-seat all-weather fighter. A
subsonic straight-wing aeroplane, it was also
operated by the Belgian Air Force. 18358
CF100 Mk4B in the colours of 423 AW(F) (All
Weather Fighter) squadron is seen at
Prestwick, May 1963. (AG)
Right: Republic's F105 Thunderchief was an

all-weather strike fighter. The type bore the
brunt of the air war over North Vietnam for
many years of that conflict. F105D 61-0093 is
seen at Lakenheath in October 1976, at the end
of a line of aircraft from the 121st TFS/113th
FW District of Columbia ANG.
Left: To combat the growing menace of

the ground-to-air missile. a number of
Thunderchiefs (54) were converted to 'Wild
Weasel' missile suppression standard. These
were two-seat aircraft and armed with anti-
radiation (radar) missiles. F105G 63-8320
WW /35th TFW is seen at home base in George
AFB, CA, October 1979. This aircraft shot
down a MiG-17 over North Vietnam on 19
December 1967. It is also credited with two
further MiG kills and has been preserved by
the USAF museum.
12
1000 MILITARY AIRCRAFT IN COLOCR
Below: France's current front-line fighter is the

~tirage 2000. A Chimera (Dragon) is on the fin
of this 2000B No. 510 2-FG of ECT 2/2, which
was photographed at Conningsby, in June 1989.
Above: In order to train pilots to fly the big Fl05

a two-seat variant was produced. Seen here is
F105F, 62-4414 operated by 149th TFS/192nd
TFG Virginia ANG, with both cockpits open. It
was photographed during a visit to Lakenheath
in October 1976.
Left: Based at Keflavik, Iceland the 57th FIS

operated the Convair F102 Delta Dagger from
1964 to 1973. The location assured that the
'Black Knights', as the squadron was known,
were at the sharp end of many intercepts of
Russian aircraft over the north Atlantic. F102A
56-1418 is seen on a visit to Leuchars to uplift
fuel, September 1972.
Below: One of the features of the Delta Dagger was that it was a complete
weapons system with an internal weapons bay. Its development was long
and protracted. The type gave excellent service as an interceptor in the
various Air National Guard units. F102A 56-1278 of the 176th FS is at its
ANG base at Madison. Wisconsin, August 1974. (SGW)
----~-~---
-----
Above: Not all ANG Daggers had bright colours. F102A 56-1361 was
operated in a Vietnam period camouflage by the 146th FS Pennsylvania
ANG at Pittsburgh, August 1970. (SGW)
Left: The fate of a number or American designs

is to be converted to drones and shot down
during test work. So it was with the Fl02.
PQM102B 56-1254 is seen at Eglin AFB FL,
October 1981.
Right: The first of the 'Century Series Fighters'

was the North American F100 Super Sabre. It
was the first operational fighter that was capable
of supersonic level flight. FlOOD 56-3011 of the
20th TFW, with the type's 'buzz' number 'FW'
on the fuselage. at Finningley, September 1964.
(AG)
13
Right: By the start of the 1970s most of the

European Super Sabres had been camouflaged.
FlOOD 56-3213 of 492nd TFS with a two-letter
tail code 'LR', or to give it its correct name
'Distinctive Unit Aircraft Identification
Markings', was seen at Bentwaters in May 1970.
Above: The French were early users of the Super Below: Two-seat Super Sabres were designated Below: By the end of their service life the Danes
Sabre. Seen at Sculthorpe, May 1976, is FlOOD F100Fs. Showing off its bare metal colours is had toned down the type's markings. TF100F
42249 of EC 2/11. The badge on the fin depicts a GT-018, a Royal Danish Air Force example at GT-908 of Esk 730 based at Skrydstrup is seen at
black vulture with a white skull in its talons. Bentwaters, May 1970. RAF Valley, August 1981.
Below: With the large cockpit canopy to cover

both seats open, this F100F Super Sabre
56-3899 receives maintenance on the ramp at
Barnes Field, Westfield, August 1974. This
aircraft is operated by 131st FS/l04th FG of the
Massachusetts ANG. Note that it does not carry
ANG markings. (SGWj
Above: This FlOOD is worthy of note for several

reasons. First, its operator is the 3595th Air
Demonstration Flight from Nellis AFB, NV, who
are of course better known as 'The
Thunderbirds'. Second, note the very rare
example of non-presentation of the aircraft's
serial. It carries the number' SIX', its place in
the team. The proper identity is 55-3715 and it
is pictured at Lakenheath, May 1967. (SGW)
Left: Following the fate of many designs the

Super Sabre was converted to be a target drone.
The red paint on the fin and nose are quick and
crude high-visibility devices. On the nose is the
conversion number QF098D. This aircraft
QF100D 56-2912 is on charge to the 475th TFIS
at Tyndall AFB, FL where it was photographed
in October 1981.
14
Below: The Dassault Mirage 5 was built after a request from the Israeli Air
Force for a less sophisticated daylight attack version of the Mirage 111.
Before they could be delivered the French government put an embargo on
the export and they were absorbed into the French Air Force as the Mirage
VF. No. 17 is seen here at Chilteaudun undergoing maintenance in June 1977.
Below: The Convair Fl06 Delta Dart was the last of the 'Century Series Above: The Mirage 5 has proved to be an export success with at least a
Fighters'. It was also the last pure interceptor for the USAF, Le. not being dozen nations operating the aircraft. Illustrated is Mirage 5BD BD03 of 3
developed into a multi-role aircraft. 57-2495 of the 84th FIS is seen at Wing. Belgian Air Force. This is a two-seat conversion trainer and is
George AFB. CA. October 1979. The home base was Castle AFB. pictured at Finningley. September 1984.
Above: Tyndall AFB in Florida operated Delta

Darts for nearly twenty-five years. Fl06A
57-2495 of the 95th FITS is seen departing the
ramp in October 1981.
Below: Fresno. California is the home base of

the 194th FIS. This ANG unit operated Delta
Darts from 1974 to 1984. The tail marking on
Fl06A 58-0782 is the bear symbol of the state
with the name below. It is at Edwards AFB.
October 1979.
Above: The Fl06B was the two-seat type

converter. 58-0904 of the 95th FITS. part of the
Air Defence Weapons Centre. lands at home
base. Tyndall AFB, October 1981.
T r
Above: Conversion to targets was the fate of
most Delta Darts. QF106A 59-0043 is on charge
to the 475th WEG at Tyndall AFB. seen here in
April 1994. This airframe also carries extra
markings in celebration of the type.
15
Right: The Grumman F14 Tomcat is one of the

world's most famous fighter aircraft. With a film
career in Top Gun and a proven combat record
with the US Navy it can be recognised world-
wide. 162589 F14A 451/NJ of VF124 shows off
its low and slow flying skills at Abbotsford, BC,
in August 1986. Note the sparks from the
arrester hook as it scrapes the ground.
Left: US Navy squadron VFI0l 'The Grim

Reapers' brought F14A Tomcat 162689 lOll AD
to the EAA Airshow at Oshkosh, WI in August
1986.
,Below: In the mid-1970s Tomcat markings were Below: US Navy fighter squadron VF14 'The Top Above; Based aboard USS Dwight D. Eisenhower
far more colourful than today. Fl4A 159426 Hatters' claims to be the oldest squadron with a (CVN 69), US Navy fighter squadron VF143 i
2141 AB of VF32 is on the deck of USS John F. continuous history; it goes back to 1919. With known as the 'Pukin Dogs', its badge is in fact a
Kennedy (CVN 67) at Portsmouth, October 1976. fuIl colour markings F14A Tomcat 159593 winged Griffin. The squadron brought Fl4A
1201 AB is on the deck of USS John F. Kennedy Tomcat 159441 AG/II0 to the Air Tattoo at
at Portsmouth, October 1976. Greenham Common in June 1979.
Below: A sight no longer to be seen, a US Navy Tomcat in full colour Below: McDonnell Douglas has developed the Northrop YF17 into th
markings. F14A 159449 212/AE of VF142 'Ghostriders' is at Greenham F/A18 Hornet. The F/A designation is used because the aircraft i
Common, July 1976. configured for both fighter and attack operations. F/A18A Hornet 16288-1
300/NF of VFA192 is seen departing Oshkosh, WI in August 1986. Later
that year the unit moved to NAS Atsugi. Japan.
16
Left: NAS Patuxent River, MD houses the Naval Air Test Centre. F/A18A
161367 152/SD carries high-visibility tail markings to enable it to be
tracked during weapon release trials. It is seen at its base, May 1989.
-"
Below: Switzerland is one of the newest operators of the Hornet. F/A18C
j-5014 ofFLst17, Swiss Air Force lands at Fairford, july 1999.
Below: Patuxent River also houses the US Navy Test Pilots School. As expected this unit has a host Below: Canada was the first export sale for
of different aircraft in many non-standard colours. F/A18B 161249 is a two-seat Hornet. It is pictured the Hornet. Designated CF188, they form the
at its base in May 1989. backbone of the Canadian Armed Forces fighter
and attack force. CF188 188713 is seen arriving
at Hamilton, Ont, june 1990. It is operated by
410 Squadron from Cold Lake Alberta.
Above: Spain has purchased sixty Hornets. Seen here at Boscombe Down, Above: Canadian Armed Forces CF188 188764 of 439 Squadron is seen in
in June 1992, is CE15.9 12-72 of Ala12. This is an EF18B two-seat trainer. a special camouflage colour scheme at Boscombe Down, June 1992. The
tiger stripes had been applied for that year's NATO Tiger Meet.
Below: Finland is in the process of assembling Hornets for delivery to its air
force. F/A18C HN407 of HaLLv 21 was photographed at its Pirkkala base in
June 1998. It is of note that the aircraft has its wings folded. This feature was
de igned as the US Navy needed this facility for carrier operations. Even
though Finland does not operate such ships all aircraft have wing folding
capabilities because it would have been more expensive to delete the feature.
Above: Kuwait placed an order for forty Hornets in 1988. The first aircraft
was not delivered until january 1992 following the Gulf War that liberated
the country from the Iraqi invasion of August 1990. Operated by 9
.. Squadro,Il from its base at Ahamad Al Jaber is KAlF18C 425. It was
photographed at Fairford in July 1993.
17
Right: The best-known Hornet operator is the

US Navy Flight Demonstration Team 'The Blue
Angels'. They are based at Pensacola NAS and
have been seen by millions of people world-
wide. They are renowned for their very tight
formation keeping. F/A18A 161976 No.6 is seen
at Patuxent River, May 1989.
Below: This F/A18C Hornet of VFA81 , 163477

AA/403, shows its markings in black instead of
the normal grey on grey. It was photographed at
Mildenhall in May 1992.
Below: The McDonnell Douglas F15 Eagle is the US Air Force's premier Above: Despite being an advanced aeroplane the Eagle is in service with
fighter. It has been so for over twenty years and is likely to be so for some the part-time ANG. Most of the unit pilots are ex-military and current
years to come. The first variant was the F15A. 76-0065 of the 405th TFW commercial pilots who have far more flight experience on more types than
LA/Luke AFB is seen at its base, October 1979. This airframe crashed on current regulars. Two Georgia ANG FI5As, 75-0043 and 75-0024, of the
13 February 1981. 128th TFS fly by at the London, Ont Airshow, June 1990.
Above: The FI5C is an improved version of the

Eagle with provision for conformal fuel tanks.
84-0027 of the 36th FW BT/Bitburg was seen a
Mildenhall in May 1992. This aircraft sports
two Iraqi kills from the 1991 Gulf War.
Left: Tyndall AFB in Florida is home to a

number of Eagle squadrons. FI5C 78-0505 is on
charge to 2nd FS/325th FW and shows the base
TY code. It was photographed in April 1994.
Below: The FI5D is the two-seat variant of the

F15C. 85-0130 of the 3rd Wing departs from it
base at Elmendorf, AK in May 2000 with it
afterburners glowing. The yellow fin tip colour
indicate it is part of the 54th FS.
18
Left: The two-seat version of the F15A was the F15B. Fifty-seven were
ordered. 74-0137 was photographed at LA/Luke AFB, its home with the
405th TFW, in October 1979.
Below: Sukhoi's Su-25 (NATO code-name Frogfoot) is a close air support

ground attack jet built to absorb punishment. It has been called the jet
successor to the I12/10 Shturmovik of World War II. 368 OshAP of the
Russian Air Force operates Su·25BM 09(Red). It was photographed at
Damgarten, in the old GDR, in July 1992. The unit has moved back to
Russia and is at Budyennovsk. (PJD)
Above: Su-25K 9093 is on charge to 322TLT of

the Czech Air Force. It was photographed at its
base amest Nad Oslavou, in August 1998. (PJD)
bove: The F15E Strike Eagle is a dual-role strike aircraft that retains its Above: The special markings on this Czech Air Force Su-25K of 30BLP
air-to-air capability. It can carry a load of over 20,000 lb of weapons. 91- show a frog smashing a tank - a sense of humour from what was once a
0323/LN of the 48th FW, based at Lakenheath, is seen visiting Tampere, Warsaw Pact country. The NATO name for the type was Frogfoot and its role
Finland, June 1998. was to destroy tanks. It was photographed at Boscombe Down in June 1992.
Above: The AMX is a joint venture between Italy and Brazil for a light strike
and reconnaissance aircraft. It is powered by a single Rolls-Royce Spey
turbofan. MM7131 RS-13/RSV is operated by the Italian Air Force test wing
from its base at Pratica di Mare, near Rome. It is pictured at Fairford, July 1995.
Above: The Su-25UTG was a dedicated carrier

training aircraft for Russian Navy pilots. The 'G'
in the designation stands for 'Gak' or Hook. The
collapse of the military budget in the new
Russia has seen the end of aircraft carriers.
ll(Red) is seen at Zhukovsky, August 1995.
Right: AMX-T is the designation of the two-seat

trainer. As well as the training airframe there are
plans for an electronic warfare variant armed
with anti-radar missiles. MM55025 is at the
Farnborough Air Show, September 1992.
19
Right: The Republic F84F Thunderstreak was a

swept-wing variant of the F84 Thunderjet. They
were supplied in large numbers to NATO from
1955. This Belgian Air Force example, FU-28,
was photographed at Upper Heyford, june 1969.
At the end of its service life it was used as a
decoy airframe. (SGW)
Below: The Royal Dutch Air Force received 180

examples of the F84F Thunderstreak starting in
june 1955. This example is operated by 315
Squadron, based at Eindhoven, which acted as a
joint Dutch/Belgian operational conversion unit
for the type. P-255 is seen at Chivenor, August
1969. Following Dutch service it was passed to
the Greek Air Force.
Above: The Northrop F5 is one of the most

widely used lightweight fighters flying today.
Named the 'Freedom Fighter', it was conceived
as a 'simple' machine when other manufactures
were building large complex aeroplanes. Many
countries have been upgrading the
sophistication levels of their F5s to extend the
service life. The Swiss use many of the type.
J-3061 F5E is seen at Diibendorf, August 1987.
Left: The Swiss Air Force aerobatic team, 'La

Patrouille Suisse' has flown the F5 since 1994
when the team gave up its Hawker Hunters. F5E
J3088 is seen landing at Fairford following a
display, july 1995.
Above: The Turkish Air Force operates a mixed bag of F5s, having received
them second-hand from a number of countries. The national aerobatic team Above: Showing off its desert camouflage is F5E 1101 of 9 Squadron, Royal
is the 'Turkish Stars'. NF5A 71-3051 is seen about to take off for a display Jordanian Air Force. It is pictured on a visit to the UK at Greenham
at Fairford, july 1996. Common, June 1981.
20
Left: In the early 1960s when Canada chose to licence build the F5 the
other aircraft looked at ranged from the Fiat G91 to the General Dynamics
FIllA. The CF5A or CFl16A to give it its service designation suffered
from defence cutbacks during the mid-1990s and has been withdrawn from
service. CFSA 116703 of 419 Squadron shows off a special colour scheme
for display purposes at Hamilton. Ont, June 1990, This squadron used the
type as a 'Iead in' fighter trainer.
Below: Spain has operated the F5 since the 1960s, CASA built them under
the designation SF5. Two-seater SFsB AE9,-018. 23-26 of Ala 23 was
photographed at its base of Talavera la Real in March 1997. This unit
provides fast jet training for Hornet pilots. (PJD)
Below: The US Navy has used the F5 as an aggressor training aircraft to Below: Operating the same type of aggressor role for the USAF in Europe
give front-line pilots combat flying against a dissimilar type of aircraft to was the 527th TFTAS at RAF Alconbury, FSE 74-1559 was photographed
their own. FSE 162307 lOIS of VF43 'Challengers' is at Tyndall. FL. at its base in October 1978. Each of the unit's aircraft had a different type
April 1994. of colour scheme to reflect the operating environment.
Left: Showing off a colour scheme that would

have been common a decade earlier is FsB
73-1602 of the 405th TTW at Williams AFB. AZ.
photographed in October 1979. The HQ of the
unit was at nearby Luke AFB but the F5s
operated from Williams because of the
commonality with the based T38 Talons,
Above: Holland chose the F5 in 1966 to replace

its F84Fs, The aircraft were built in Canada by
Canadair and are designated NFSA or B. K3026
NF5A of 314 Squadron was photographed at
Gree.nham Common in July 1983, The aircraft is
in special airshow markings with the national
colours displayed,
Left: The Royal Norwegian Air Force ordered

F5s in 1964 to augment its expensive F104
Starfighters; they are still in service, FSB 136 of
338 Squadron is seen at Valley, August 1981.
21
Right: 336 Squadron of the Royal Norwegian

Air Force is the last unit with the type. F5A 208
is in special colours for the NATO Tiger Meet at
Below: Illustrated is MiG-21PFM 4803 of the

Romanian Air Force. It is operated by the 86th
Regiment de Vinatoare. It was photographed at
Fetec;:ti in May 1999. (PJD)
Below: The Russian MiG-21 has been one of the widest used supersonic Below: The MiG-21MF (Fishbed - J) is a second-generation aeroplane with
fighters. The early Fishbed, to use the NATO code-name, was a basic a more powerful radar and powerplant. 7701 of 4 ZSL of the Czech Air
lightweight fighter with a low level of sophistication but a high Force shows off a very distinctive air superiority colour scheme. It was
performance. As the design was developed it grew into a heavier and photographed at Hradec Knilove in August 1998. (SGW)
increasingly better-equipped aircraft. In August 1995, 62(Green) a two-seat
variant MiG-21UM (NATO code-name Mongol) was photographed at the
Russian test centre at Zhukovsky.
Above: A major update of Romania's MiG-21s is taking place in conjunction Above: The third generation variant from MiG was the MiG-21bis. One of the
with the Israeli company ELBIT Defence Systems. They are upgrading the many countries to operate them was Finland. MG138 of HavLLa 31, the
fighters systems; such modified aircraft have the new name Lancer. MiG- based unit, was photographed at Rissala in June 1998. Nearly fifty nations
210M Lancer B 9511 of SMAS was photographed at Bacau in May 1999. (PJD) have operated versions of the MiG-21.
Above: Polish Naval Aviation MiG-210M 9232

of 1 DLMW was seen taking off from its base at
Gdynia Babie Daly in April 1998. (PJD)
Left: Showing off two different colour schemes

is MiG-210M 3756 of the Czech Air Force Test
Centre. It shows a cartoon-like image on the
aircraft. It is pictured at Fairford, July 1996.
22
Below: Czech Air Force MiG-2lMF 7711 is seen at Fairford. The basic
camouflage has been over-painted with high-visibility markings in the
national colours.
Above: The Dassault Mirage Fl was the company's successor to the very Below: The Spanish Air Force - Ejercito del Aire bought seventy-three Mirage
popular Mirage 111 family of jets. As well as France it has been sold to ten Fls in five batches between March 1973 and March 1983. Ten more airframes
other air arms. Seen at Leuchars. in September 1974. was No. 24 30-FB of were purchased from the Qatari Air Force. Mirage FlEE C.14-54 is operated
E c 30 based at Reims. by Ala14 and based at Los Llanos. It was seen visiting Fairford in July 1997.
Above: Ecuador purchased sixteen single-seat

and two two-seat Mirage Fls. These aircraft saw
action when they fought skirmishes with the
Peruvian Air Force over a long-running border
dispute. Mirage FIfA FAE808 is at Latacunga
AFB. September 1997.
Above: Mirage Fls were ordered by Jordan to Below: The two-seat trainer version of the Fiat Above: In 1954 NATO requested a lightweight
replace its Lockheed FI04 Starfighters. Mirage G91 was the G9IT. Seen at Cottesmore. in July fighter and ground attack aircraft. The selected
FIEf 107 is in desert colours at Fairford. and was 1989. was MM54408 of 60 Brigata based at design was the Fiat G91. As well as Italy the air
photographed in July 1987. It is operated by No. Armendola. This is the advanced training wing forces of West Germany and Portugal operated
1 Squadron based at Mowafaq al Salti air base. of the Italian Air Force. them. and it was even evaluated by the US
Army. Fiat G9lR 31 +88 of Lkg 41 is seen at
Chivenor. August 1969.
Above: To celebrate 75.000 hours of flying its

Fiat G91 fleet the Portuguese Air Force applied
special markings to this aeroplane. Fiat G9IR
5445 of Esq 301 is adorned with the badges of
all the units operating the type as well as all the
pilots' names. It is at Fairford. July 1993.
23
r
Right: The tiger colours of this Portuguese Air

Force Fiat G91R 5452 of Esq 301 must be among
the most spectacular that have been applied to
any aircraft for the ATO Tiger Meet. It was
photographed at Fairford in july 1991.
Above: The Su-27 featured is seen on final

approach to land Fairford. july 1997.
Above: Sukhoi"s 'Flanker' stable of long-range Above: The SlI-30 is a two-seat long-range
fighters has astonished the west with its Below: Designed for use on the planned aircraft interceptor with the facility for air-to-ground
performances both with range and manoeuvra- carriers, the SlI-33 (SlI-27K) has folding wings weapons. 52 (Blue) is a Russian example operated
bilitv. The first in line is the Su·27. Ukrainian and tail. It is basically a naval version of the air by 148th TsBPIPels (Flight Personnel Comba
Air' Force example 57 of 62/83 lAP was force fighter. 109 (Flanker D) is seen at Training & Conversion Unit) based at Savostleyka.
photographed at Fairford in july 1996. Zhukovsky. August 1995. It is seen landing at Fairford. July 1997.
Above: The Su-35 (Su-27M) was developed as a

multi-role interceptor and ground attack
aircraft. The plan was for it to replace a munber
of single role types. 703 is seen at Zhukovsky,
August 1995.
Below: This plan view of a Su-27IB shows what a different aircraft it is to Below: A planned replacement for the Sukhoi Su-24 'Fencer' is the Su-3';
the basic Su-27. It has two seats in a side-by-side configuration and is the The aircraft is much larger than the basic Su-27, the main undercarriage L
prototype for a long-range attack aircraft. 42 is seen at Zhukovsky, August a double-wheel unit. access is via a ladder under the nose and it even ha~
1995. a toilet. 45 is a prototype for the design with the designation Su-34F . I
has been configured for attacks on shipping and is seen at Zhukovsky
August 1995.
24
Left: The English Electric Lightning was the last all British single-seat
interceptor designed and built for the Royal Air Force. It first flew at a time
when people actually believed that guided missiles could replace manned
aircraft. As a result it was never properly developed and to the end of its
days it was hampered by lack of range. Lightning FIA XM184/A of 111
Squadron was photographed at Alconbury in May 1964. These were the
days of glorious full colour unit markings. (AG)
Below: The Lightning FIA was the second version to enter service and it Above: Each of the early Lightning bases had their own Target Facilities
had in-flight refuelling capability. XM182 was photographed on a wet day Flight. The task of these units was to provide whole aircraft targets for the
at Upper Heyford in June 1971. in the markings of 65 Squadron. This unit based squadrons. the usual fleet was three aircraft. Lightning FIA XM139
was a 'shadow' squadron and part of 226 OCU. the training unit. is in the markings of Wattisham TFF and is seen landing at Bentwaters.
May 1972.
Above: The third variant was the F2 Lightning.

These were issued to 19 and 92 Squadrons who
spent the larger part of their lives as interceptors
for RAF Germany. Most of the F2s were
converted to F2A standard and to many this
version was the best to fly. In April 1976 XN727,
a Lightning F2A of W/92 Squadron, was at
Valley for missile practice canlp.
Left: The F3 was the fourth variant of single-

seater and could be quickly spotted by the
clipped tail top. Lightning F3 XR716 of 226
OCU is at Chivenor, August 1970.
Below: As well as the previously illustrated 65 Squadron, 226 OCU added Below: The Lightning Training Flight (LTF) was formed in October 1975;
another unit. This was simply called 2T and did not have a squadron the OCU had disbanded in September of the previous year when the run
number plate. Lightning F3 XP696 showed its markings off at Leuchars, down of the type was in sight. The Lightning proved too difficult to get rid
September 1974. of so the new unit was formed to train more pilots. Lightning F3 XP749
A/LTF is at the unit base of Binbrook, August 1978. CanlOufiage had
descended on the type by this time.
25
1000 MILITARY AIRCRAFT IN COLOuR
Below: Lightning F3 XR719 of D/56 Squadron

has what must be the finest colour scheme to
adorn any unit's aircraft. It was photographed at
Lakenheath in May 1965. Following this
scheme the Air Council ordered that markings
be subdued. (AG)
Right: A wonderful line up of Lightning F3s was

seen at Wattisham in May 1968. At the end of
the line is XP756 of K/29 Squadron, which was
based at this location. (AG)
Above: When the first pilots converted to the Lightning they did so without
the aid of a two-seat trainer. In the early days of operations only
experienced crews got to fly the type not pilots straight from training - this
Above: Near the end of the Lightning's service life a number of aircraft had policy was later changed. The trainer for the FI/F2 was the T4 and featured
their camouflage replaced with air defence grey. Lightning F3 XP749 of side-by-side seating. XM995 of T/92 Squadron was photographed landing
BK/ll Squadron is seen at Yeovilton, August 1984. at Valley, August 1976.
Left: This picture of T4 XM995 of T 192 Squadron

shows the different nose shape of the two-seater.
It was photographed at Wildenrath in June 1978.
Below: To train F3/F6 pilots the two-seater used Below: The first unit to get the definitive Lightning Above: To extend the range for ferry flights
was the T5; this had the clipped fin top of these was 5 Squadron at Binbrook. This was the F6 and Lightnings could carryover-wing tanks. XP769
two variants. XS419 ofT/23 Squadron is at the had the larger ventral fuel tank. XR772, E/5 of Jill Squadron is seen departing Binbrook.
unit's base Leuchars, September 1975. Squadron is seen departing its base, May 1972. May 1972.
26
Below: 'The Firebirds', 56 Squadron were based at Akrotiri in Cyprus from

1967 to 1975. During this time they exchanged their F3s for F6s. XS897
Lightning F6, S/56 Squadron, is seen at Lakenheath following their return
to the UK (August 1975). Their new base was Wattisham.
Above: NATO gave the reporting name Fulcrum to the MiG-29. This aircraft Below: January 1993 saw the peaceful separation of the Czech and Slovak
is a relatively small interceptor with a very high performance from its two republics. The two nations split the stock of MiG-29s equally between
RD33 bypass turbofans. The output is 18,300 lb st (with afterbumer/reheat). themselves. 6829 of lSLP Slovak Air Force is at Fairford, July 1996.
It was first seen in the west during a 1988 visit to Farnborough. However its
secrets were laid bare when the East German air force was integrated into
the Luftwaffe following the country's reunification. 29+14 ofJG73 is seen at
Mildenhall, May 1996.
Above: MiG-29 3911 of llSLP was photographed

before the split at Boscombe Down in June 1992
in the colours of the Czechoslovakian Air Force.
Above: Seen on the ramp at Constanta/Mikhail

Kogalniceanu, the base of the 57th Regiment
Romanian Air Force is MiG-29 70(Red). It was
photographed in May 1999. (PJD)
Below: MiG-29 103 is in the colours of the Above: Arriving back from a display, with its Below: Now a member of NATO, Hungary has
'Ukrainian Falcons' aerobatic team. It is seen at braking parachute still attached, is Russian left what was the 'Warsaw Pact' group as that
Fairford, July 1997. MiG-29UB 86(Blue). It was photographed at alliance has now collapsed. Seen landing at
Zhukovsky in August 1995. Fairford in July 1998 was MiG-29UB 25(Red) of
the 59th Tactical Fighter Regiment. Note the
periscope above the rear seat cockpit.
27
Right: Seen on the ramp at its home base of

Minsk-Mazowiecki is Polish Air Force MiG-29
11l(Red) of 1 PLM. It was photographed in
April 1998. (PID)
Below: The MiG-29K is the variant designed for

use on the Russian Navy aircraft carriers.
312(Blue) is at Zhukovsky, August 1995,
showing its folding wings.
Below: The SEPECAT Jaguar is a joint venture between the British and Above: No. II(AC) Army Co-operation Squadron, RAF, has a history datina
French aircraft industries to build a low-level attack aeroplane. Seen at back to 1912. It usually portrays its squadron number in Roman numerals
Binbrook (August 1978) is Jaguar GRl XX758 of 18/226 OCU, the Royal rather than as No.2. Its role is that of tactical reconnaissance. Jaguar GRl
Air Force conversion unit for the type. XZ103 of II/2 Squadron is at Wildenrath, June 1978. The Tornado has
replaced the type with this squadron.
Below: Jaguar GRIA XX725 of GU/54 Squadron. RAF is at Scanlpton. July 1991. It is in desert Above: Following an uprating to its Adour
camouflage and shows the missions flown in the Gulf War earlier that year. Note that for self- engines and various upgrades to the electronics
protection the Jaguar can carry air-to-air missiles above the wings. and navigation systems the Jaguar was
redesignated GRIA. XZ396 of EM/6 Squadron.
RAF, was photographed at Fairford in July 1999.
in the current grey colour scheme.
Below: Seen landing at Abingdon (September

1990) is Jaguar GRIA XZ399 of 03/226 oce.
The radar warning receiver on the fin has a
tartan band on it to indicate its then Scottish
base at Lossiemouth. On the intake is the unit
badge of the 'Torch and Quiver' .
28
Below: The two-seat trainer jaguar is the T2. Seen in 'raspberry ripple'
colours is XX830 of the Empire Test Pilots School. It was seen departing
Fairford in july 1989.
Above: Following the disbandment of 16 Squadron as a Tornado unit its Below: The second nation in the jaguar design is France. They designated
numberplate was transferred to the Jaguar OCU. Jaguar GR1A XXl16 of the aircraft as either a Jaguar A (single-seat) or jaguar E (two-seat). The
16(R) Squadron was photographed at Fairford in July 1995. The black French aircraft have not been as highly upgraded as the RAF ones and lack
colour is for appearances at airshows. The 'saint' motif on the fin dates such features as a laser range finder in the nose. Seen at Fassberg, West
from the time it was formed at St Orner, France, in 1915. Germany, is A147 Jaguar A ll-EF of EC1/11.
Above: French Air Force Jaguar E E30 7-PK of Below: The fighter version of the Panavia Tornado was a British only requirement between' the three
EC.02.007 was photographed at Tampere, in nations that built the aeroplane (Italy and Germany were the other two), however the Italian Air Force
Finland June 1998. The aircraft had travelled from has since leased a number of RAF aircraft. The basic difference between the bomber and fighter versions
its base at St Dizier to take part in an airshow. is that the latter has a longer fuselage and an air defence radar. Tornado F2 ZD932 of AM/229 OCU is
at RAF Conningsby, June 1985. The F2 was an interim version before the main production batch of F3s.
Above: With the arrival of the Tornado F3 ADV -

Air Defence Variant - the training unit, 229 OCU
got a shadow squadron numberplate. This was 65
Squadron; it once had the same role for
Lightnings. ZE339 of AO/229, OCU 65 Squadron,
is seen at North Weald, May 1989. Note the new
markings on the nose but the retention of the
OCU colours of a 'Torch and Sword' on the fin.
Left: In july 1992 229 OCU was renumbered as

56(R) Squadron. The unit was also tasked with
providing an example for airshows. Tornado F3
ZE839 of AR/56(R) Squadron is at Mildenhall,
May 1993. It shows off the sort of markings the
squadron had been famous for in the past. The
badge is a Phoenix.
Below: Toned down markings are seen in this

more recent picture of a 56 Squadron Tornado
F3. ZE292 AZ/ was photographed landing at
Fairford in July 1999, following a display.
29
Right: The Lockheed F104 Starfighter was once

called the 'missile with a man in it'. Its pencil-
slim shaped fuselage and thin sharp wings
were years ahead of its rivals in style. Designed
for the USAF it only served them briefly but
formed the cold war backbone of NATO and
was operated by fourteen air arms. Seen here in
toned'down markings is F104S-ASA CMX-611
RS-06 of the Italian Air Force RSV (Reparto
Sperimentale di Vola). This is a test wing: the
F104S-ASA is one with new avionics as well as
modifications to other systems. It is seen
landing at Fairford. July 1998.
Left: 23 Squadron was one of the units that fell

foul of the 'peace dividend' at the end of the
cold war. Tornado F3 ZE809 EZI is in special
markings to celebrate the seventy-fifth
anniversary of the unit. It is pictured at
Finningley, September 1990.
Below: One of the two Tornado F3 units based at Below: A small unit but a vital one. The F3 OEU Above: Seen here in 'normal' Italian Air Force
Leeming, 25 Squadron had not operated aircraft (Operational Evaluation Unit) is tasked with colours with full size codes is MM6728 53-14 of 21
for some time having been a Bloodhound updating the 'handbook' on the type by use of Gruppo. It was attending the Tiger Meet at Upper
missile unit prior to conversion. ZE167 is seen new tactics and operational trials. ZE729 is seen Heyford in June 1971. This is an F104S built in
at Duxford in special markings. July 1991. at the unit's base. Conningsby, June 1989. Italy by Aeritalia and is an upgrade of the F104G.
Below: Showing off a very special colour scheme is F104S-ASA MM6827 Below: The Netherlands was one of the ATO countries that bought the
of the Italian Air Force RSV. The markings are to celebrate the fiftieth Lockheed Starfighter in what was referred to as 'the sale of the century'.
anniversary of the unit. It was seen at Fairford. July 1999. (SGW) Fokker built most of these aircraft in Holland. F104G 0-8311 of 323
Squadron is seen at Leuchars, September 1974. This was an all-weather
interceptor unit based at Leeuwarden; the squadron flew the type from
1964 to 1980.
30
Below: Seen making a fast pass at Leuchars is

Royal Dutch Air Force F104G D6654 of 323
Squadron. The type's distinctive shape was
captured in this photograph taken in September
1973.
Above: The Turkish Air Force has over the years Below: The F104 had a short life with the USAF;
acquired a vast number of second-hand Below: The 58th TTW operated both single- and most were gone by the mid-1960s with the ANG
Starfighters from other NATO nations. In July two-seat Starfighters. 13080 is a TF104G two- hanging on for another ten years ..The F104G
1993, 5704 8-704 of 181 Fila was photographed seat conversion trainer. It is at Luke AFB, illustrated is 67-14890 of the 58th TTW. This
at Fairford. This is a two-seat TF104G. October 1979. training unit is operated by the Luftwaffe to train
its pilots in the Arizona sunshine, hence the
American markings. It was photographed at its
base, Luke AFB, in October 1979.
Below: Norway purchased a number of Canadair-built Starfighters Below: Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Starfighter CF104 104865 has a
following the Canadian defence cuts of the early 1970s. Seen at Upper Vicon reconnaissance pod fitted to the underside of the fuselage. This
Heyford in July 1976 is CF104104755 of331 Skv who were based at Bod0. could house up to four 70 mm Vinten cameras. It is seen on a very wet June
The unit flew this type between 1963 and 1981. day in 1971 at Upper Heyford in the early silver colour scheme.
Below: CAF CF104 104756 was painted up for its visit to the NATO Tiger Meet at Upper Heyford in
July 1976. 439 Squadron, based at Barden-Sollingen in West Germany, operates it.
Above: Seen at Wildenrath in June 1978 is

Belgian Air Force F104G FX76 of 10 Wing
based at Kleine BrageJ. This air arm's aircraft
were assembled by SABCA. Like most other
NATO countries the Starfighter was replaced
by the F16.
31
Right: West Germany was the largest user of the

Starfighter, the Luftwaffe having 766 and the
Marineflieger 151, a total of 917. The aircraft in
German service were tarred with having a poor
safety record and called the 'widow maker'.
Over 250 were lost. In percentage terms this was
a lower rate than some other NATO forces.
27+34, a two-seat TFI04G of JBG 33, was
photographed at Lakenheath in August 1975.
Above: Single-seat FI04G 21+98 of JBG 33 is at Above: This Messerschmitt-built FI04G i

Wildenrath, June 1978. It is taking part in a Below: This Danish Air Force FI04G R-647 is operated by the German Navy and has the name
NATO Tactical Weapons Meet and has had the seen in the delivery anti-corrosion grey colour 'Marine' on the rear fuselage. It is VB+229 of
extra code letter 'E' applied to the fin. Luftwaffe scheme. Most of the Danish aircraft were MFG 2 based at Eggebeck. Note the early use of
aircraft do not usually carry such codes. Canadian-built. It is seen at Coltishall, mixed alpha/numeric code. It was photographed
September 1968. (SGW) at Brawdy in August 1968.
Above: Most of the careers of Denmark's

Starfighters were spent in this all-over dark
green scheme. FI04G R-704 of Aalborg-based
Esk 726 is at Binbrook, September 1977.
Below: The Vought F8 Crusader was known in US Navy service as 'the last Below: The last regular US Navy use of the Crusader was as a pho
of the gunfighters'. A single-seat and -engined (Pratt & Whitney J57) fighter reconnaissance aircraft. RF8G 144607 602/AB was operated by VFP6
it had a performance of over 1000 mph. The last users of the type were the which was the last dedicated PR unit in the navy flying the last dedica
French Navy who retired them late in 1999. F8E No. 40 of 12F is seen at PR aeroplane. The unit operated the type for twenty-one years until 198_
Yeovilton, July 1972. It was photographed onboard USS John F Kennedy in October 1976. -
the square camera ports under the stars and bars national markings.
32
Left: F8K 145580 of the US Navy Test Pilots School was photographed at
Patuxent River in June 1972. The 'K' model was a remanufactured F8C
with various upgrades. (SGW)
Below: The Hawker Hunter has been one of the great success stories for the
British aviation industry. First flown in July 1951 it is still in limited
service with a number of air forces world-wide. Illustrated is
Hunter F6 XJ639 of 31/234 Squadron, the 'shadow' for the TWU - Tactical
Weapons Unit. It was photographed at Binbrook in July 1975. The F6
entered squadron service during 1956 and had a more powerful Rolls-
Royce Avon engine together with improved flying controls.
Above: Seen landing at Diibendorf (August

1987) is Hunter F58 J-4053 of the Swiss Air
Force. This air arm selected the type following a
multi-type competition and went on to operate
nearly 150. They were replaced by the F5 during
the 1990s. The F58 was an export F6.
--
Above: The Chilean Air Force operated Hunter Mk71 and Mk72s, single- Above: The Royal Jordanian Air Force operated Hunters until 1975 when
and two-seaters respectively. Hunter FGA71 J-728 was seen at Chester in the current stock was presented to the Sultan of Oman. Seen prior to
June 1971, prior to delivery. This aircraft is an ex-RAF F6 (XE644). delivery at Chester in June 1971, is Hunter Mk73 842. This was a re-
conditioned ex-RAF F6.
Above: The ultimate Hunter was the FGA9, a fighter ground-attack variant
built from F6s; none were new-built. XE601 is seen at Finningley in
September 1989 and is operated by the A&AEE at Boscombe Down. The
type serves to this day.
Above: Hunter FGA9 XK137 42/ of 45 Squadron

is seen at Greenham Common in July 1976. This
squadron was reformed in 1972, along with No.
58, at Wittering to provide the RAF with an
increased ground-attack capacity but more
importantly to develop a pool of pilots versed in
this demanding role.
Right: WW598, a Hunter F6 of the' Royal

Aircraft Establishment was photographed at
Llanbedr in July 1969. This modified aircraft
features an extended nose. Note the Welsh
Dragon on the base of the nose.
33
Below: The two-seat Hunter T7 trainer did not

enter service until 1958. This had required the
first generation of Hunter pilots to convert to
type without the aid of a dedicated trainer.
XL591 of 82/4 FTS was photographed at its
base, Valley, in August 1976 in the then current
training colour scheme.
Above: Hunter T7 XL573 is seen at Finningley, September 1989.12 Squadron, at the time a Buccaneer
unit, operates this aircraft. The reason for the Hunter's presence was that there were no two-stick
Buccaneers so each squadron had a Hunter converted to Buccaneer-style instruments in the left-hand
seat. This eased the conversion to type process. Another use was to give pilots flight experience
whilst the squadron's own aircraft were grounded.
AbQve: The BAe Harrier serving today with the RAF can trace its roots from the Hawker Pl127 VTOL Above: Hunter T7 XL617 of 95/229 OCU is seen
research aircraft. The success of the type was to have engine nozzles that rotated from down for take-off at its Chivenor base, August 1969. This unit was
to back for level flight. When the Pl127 first flew in 1960 most other VTOL projects had two sets of tasked with converting pilots to Hunters and
engines, one for lift and the other for wing borne flight. This was impractical due to carrying the weight then teaching them to 'fight' the aircraft.
of engines not used in normal flight. The Pl127 led to the Kestrel and then to the Harrier. Harrier GRl Following the move to Brawdy the unit was re-
XV741 of A/3 Squadron is seen at Valley, August 1973. This unit was part of 2nd TAF based in Germany. named Tactical Weapons Unit.
Above: The Royal Navy used Hunters as weapons trainers. The GA11 was a Above: XL603, photographed at Fairford in july 1985, is a Hunter T8M 720/
Naval F4; it was not however used on aircraft carriers as it was not equipped of 899 Squadron. The T8 is the Fleet Air Arm variant of the T7 trainer. Thi
with an arrester hook. Hunter GAll WV256 862/VL of FRADU (Fleet special version features an extended nose with radar to train Sea Harrier
Requirements & Aircraft Direction Unit) is at its Yeovilton base, july 1994. pilots. 899 Squadron is the Royal Navy training unit for the Sea Harrier.
Below: The next squadron variant of the Harrier GRl was the GR3. XZ129
3C of 233 OCU is seen in the hover at Fairford, july 1989. This version can
be recognised by the nose-mounted laser range finder and the radar
warning receiver on the leading edge of the fin.
Above: No.1 Squadron of the RAF can claim to be the oldest military
flying unit in the world. It can trace its history to an 1878 balloon unit. It
was fitting that it was the first unit in the world to operate a VTOL aircraft.
XZ133, a Harrier GR3 10 of No. 1 Squadron, is at Lee-on-Solent, july 1987.
The white paint over the basic green colour is due to the fact the unit
deploys to Norway for winter exercises and this has proved to be an
effective camouflage.
34
Below: No.1 Squadron currently operates the Harrier GR7. ZG471 61 of 1

Squadron was photographed at Tampere, Finland in June 1998 attending
an airshow. The GR7 is a new generation aircraft; it was developed with
McDonnell Douglas and is a world away from the Pl127.
Above: This two-seater is the second variant of the Harrier trainer and is Below: The T10 Harrier is a combat-capable trainer based on the new
designated T4. ZD990 Q of 20 Squadron is at Cottesmore, July 1993. generation airframe. ZH654 of the A&AEE is at Fairford, July 1995.
Below: Like a number of types the first Harrier

pilots converted. in 1969, without the aid of a
two-seater. The T2 was soon forthcoming the
following year. XW926 M of 3 Squadron is at
Valley in August 1973. It shows the extended
nose and tall tail of the trainer.
Below: In February 1963 Pl127 XP831 landed on HMS Ark Royal and thus
started a move to see the type in service with the Fleet Air Arm. Sea
Harrier FRSl XZ453 105 of 899 Squadron is at Greenham Common in June
1981. The main difference between RAF and RN aircraft was the role. The
navy designation Fighter/Reconnaisance/Strike tells it all. For the first part
it is equipped with a Ferranti Blue Fox air defence radar. RAF Harriers are
not equipped with this.
Above: Sea Harrier FRSl XZ458 124/H of 800

Squadron at Mildenhall in May 1981. This unit
was ~ased onboard HMS Hermes; hence the 'H'
code. These colourful markings were removed
within twelve months. The reason for this was
the Falklands War with Argentina, a conflict in
which the type excelled, not losing a single
airframe to enemy aircraft.
Right: Showing its post-Falklands markings is

Sea Harrier FRSl ZD610 711 of 899 Squadron,
the type's training unit. It is at Hatfield, July
1987.
35
Right: The mid-life upgrade of the Sea Harrier

resulted in the F/A2, the new style designation
for its role as a fighter/attack aircraft. It features
a new radar and many other updates. ZA 176
716 of 899 Squadron is at Yeovilton, July 1994.
F/A2s are either converted FRSls as in this case
or newly-built aircraft.
Above: Showing off a very distinctive colour Below: In Spanish service the Harrier II is Above: The responsibility of training US Marine
scheme is Spanish TAV8S VAE1-Z of Esc 008. designated EAV 8B. VA2-5 01/9055 of Esc 009 Corps Harrier pilots lies with Cherry Point-
Seen at Fairford, this two-seater is based at was seen on a visit to the Royal Navy Harrier based VMAT 203 'Hawks'. TAV8B 163196
Cadiz. base, Yeovilton, in July 1994. 06/KD is seen at Tyndall AFB, April 1994.
Above: The US Marine Corps began Harrier

operations in 1971 and has been a very
important user of the type. AV8A 158969 CG/04
of VMA231 'Aces' is seen onboard USS fWD
lima, October 1980.
Below: Spain began naval Harrier operations in

1976 with the AV8A(S): the type has been named
'Matador'. They were acquired via the USA as
Britain had an arms embargo with the Spanish
government of General Franco at the time.
VAl-3 of Esc 008 is seen at Fairford, July 1994.
Left: In 1989, following a long battle with the

government, the Italian Navy was granted
permission to operate fixed-wing aircraft. They fly
from the 'ski jump'-equipped 13,370-ton aircraft
carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi. TAV8B Harrier
MM55032 1-01 is seen at Yeovilton, July 1994.
36
Below: Based at Fresno the 194th FIS of the California ANG operated F4D
Phantoms from 1983, when they replaced FI06s, until 1989 when they
were supplanted by F16s. 65-0763 was photographed arriving back at its
base in August 1986 in a smart grey scheme.
U. S. AIR FORCE
Above: It would not be an overstatement to call

the McDonnell F4 Phantom IT the most important
western military aircraft of the post-war period. It
has served twelve nations, of whom ten still
operate it. Seen on the ramp at Luke AFB, AZ, in
October 1979 is F4C 64-0660 of the based 58th
TTW. The green fin top marks it to be of the 310th
TFTS, one of three squadrons within the w:ing.
Note the three MiG kills on the splitter plate.
Left: The F4D was the first variant of the

Phantom designed to USAF specification; the
F4C was almost a basic US Navy F4B. It was
the avionics suite that had the major changes.
F4D 65-0735/LN was seen at Lakenheath in
August 1975 and is operated by the based 48th
TFW and on charge to the 494th TFS.
Above: The F4E was the most produced variant of the Phantom. The major
changes included the fitting of a gun under the nose and wing slats for
extra dogfighting capability. F4E 66-0382 of the 57th FIS is at Greenham
Common, July 1983. This unit was based at Keflavik in Iceland and made
many intercepts of Russian patrol aircraft.
Below: Wild Weasel was the name given to the very dangerous role of Above: The 'HF' tail codes on this line of F4Es indicate that they belong
hunting surface-to-air missile sites and their radars. The designation F4G to the 113th TFS of the Indiana ANG, based at Hulman Field, Terre Haute.
was used for this variant (it had been previously been used by the US Navy 68-0463 heads the line on the ramp at Reno Cannon, NV, September 1988.
for a minor version that was no longer in service). The F4Gs were rebuilt
F4Es and carried the latest radar receivers and anti-radiation missiles to
deal with them. F4G 69-0272/WW of the 35th TFW based at George AFB,
CA is at London, Ont, June 1990.
Above: The photo reconnaissance Phantom, the RF4C, was based on the
F4C airframe with the provision for weapons delivery removed. A new
camera nose was the main external difference. RF4C 64-1073 of the 10th
TRW based at Alconbury is seen at Lakenheath, May 1967, in the
grey/white markings with full colour national insignia. Note it also carries
the 'F)' buzz code of the type. (SGW)
37
Below: Within a few years the RF4Cs had

adopted the standard camouflage colours of
brown and green. 67-04691 AR is at Wildenrath,
June 1978. It is operated by 1st TRS/lOth TRW,
based at Alconbury.
Above: Seen on the ramp at its base of Reno Cannon in September 1988 is RF4C 64-1005 of the
19Znd TRS Nevada ANG. The name on the fin top is 'High Rollers'; this relates to the legal gambling
in the state.
Above: The US Navy had the F4J developed from the F4B. The variant was first flown in May 1966. Above: 65-0713 was the third built YF4E and was
F4J 153809 1071 AC is in the markings of VF31 'Tomcatters'. It has the carrier name USS Saratoga but converted from an F4D. It is seen on charge of the
was photographed onboard USS Nimitz in September 1975, during the new carrier's shakedown cruise. AFFTC at Edwards AFB, CA, October 1979.
Above: In September 1975 F4J 153893 135/AJ of US Marine Corps fighter Above: The ad fate of many front-line fighters was to be converted into
squadron VMFA 333 'Shamrocks' was photographed onboard USS I imitz taroet drone. QRF4C 65-0944 of the 475th WEG (8Znd ATRS) is at its base
(CVN 68). Shore-based at Beaufort SC, this unit scored the only USMC air- of Tyndall. FL. April 1994.
to-air kill in the Vietnam War when one of its Phantoms destroyed a MiG-Zl.
Below: US Navy unit VFl71'Aces' was the Atlantic Fleet F4 Fleet

Replacement Squadron. F4J 155748 Z05/AD is at Harlingen, TX, October
1979.
Above: The US. 'a\"y com'e ed F",B into QF4B drones whilst the type was
still in front-line enice. 1-. 28 i operated by the Pacific Missile Test
Centre, Point 1a!ill. C\ 'he \' pho ographed in October 1976 in this
high-visibility dayglo-oran",e colour. G\!)
38
Below: Turkey has been and still is a major Phantom operator, and has
flown both new and ex-USAF aircraft. 68-0342/7-342 of 7AJU, based at
Erhac, is at Bascombe Down, June 1992.
Above: F4C C12.40 of Ala 12 (12 Wing) Spanish Air Force was photographed
landing at Greenham Common in June 1979. This air arm formed its first Below: Greece operates both new and ex-USAF F4E and RF4E Phantoms.
Phantom unit in March 1971 with a delivery ofrefurbished USAF aircraft. Seen at Fairford is RF4E 7529 of 348 Mira, July 1998.
Below: Germany has been a major user of the

Phantom. RF4E 35+81 of AKG 51 was
photographed at Binbrook in July 1975.
Below: Britain's Royal Navy became the first export customer of the
Phantom when an order was placed in 1964 for a Rolls-Royce Spey
engined variant. XT869, a Phantom FG1 (F4K) 154/VL of 767 Squadron, is
at Yeovilton. July 1972. This squadron was the conversion unit for all RN
pilots and the first RAF ones.
bove: The F4F Phantom was a special German

variant. It was in essence a simplified and
lighter F4E with many parts built in Germany
and shipped to St Louis for final assembly.
37+86, an F4F of JG 71 'Richthofen', based at
Wittmundhafen was photographed at Binbrook
in September 1977.
Right: When 767 Squadron disbanded in

August 1972 its training role was taken up the
following month with the formation of the
Phantom Post Operational Conversion Unit at
Leuchars. This was a unique unit in that an RAF
unit trained Navy crews in RAF aircraft painted
in a Navy colour scheme. Phantom FGl
XT866/W is at its base, September 1977.
39
Below: The only front-line Royal Navy unit to operate the Phantom was 892 Squadron: the sole carrier
used was HMS Ark Royal. Phantom FGl XV587 010/R of this unit was photographed departing its
shore base of RAF Leuchars, in September 1976, with afterburners glowing, The Royal Navy flag on
the fuselage has the dates 876-1976 on either side of it. This was a friendly dig at the Americans who
were celebrating their bicentennial in that year. It was a boast from the senior service of its roots.
Above: In 1965 the RAF ordered Phantoms

designated F4Ms. The first squadron to operate
the type was No. 43 at Leuchars. However they
formed using FGls that were not needed by the
Royal Navy, XV576/D was photographed at its
base in September 1976.
Above: The last Phantom to be operated by the Below: In RAF service the F4M was designated Above: Sixty years after Alcock and Brown
UK armed forces was FGl XT597. The A&AEE FGR2 (Fighter/Ground Attack/Reconnaissance). made the first flight across the Atlantic Ocean in
used it as a high-speed chase aircraft. It carries 41 Squadron specialised in the latter task. a Vickers Vimy another Alcock and Brown flew
the 'raspberry ripple' colours of many of that They first flew Phantoms in April 1972 but it in a Phantom, a little more quickly' This 228
unit's trial aircraft, It was photographed at its kept them for only five years before becoming OCU FGR2, XV424, is in the special colours to
Boscombe Down base in june 1992. a jaguar unit. XV418 is seen at Leuchars, commemorate this historic event. It is seen at
September 1974. Abingdon, September 1979.
Above: The second Leuchars-based squadron

was 111. They converted to Phantoms in 1974
with FGR2s but exchanged them for FG1s four
years later. Phantom FGR2 XT892/K is at its
base, September 1976. Note the folded wings,
even on the RAF variant.
Below: Based at \\'ildenrath, 19 quadron. along with No. 92, formed the air
defence units of the 2nd T:\F. Pic ured at Fairford in july 1991 is XT899/B,
a Phantom FGR2. This \\' the la t Phantom to leave the German base
when it \\'a deli\'ered in january 1992 to a museum in the Czech Republic.
Above: The grey colour scheme soon absorbed the Phantom fleet.
XV500/j, an FGR2 of 56 Squadron 'The Firebirds', was photographed at
Liverpool-Speke in August 1984,
40
Below: The 'shadow' for 228 OCU, the Phantom

conversion unit, was 64 Squadron. XT900/CO,
an FGR2, shows off a blue fin at Conningsby.
June 1987.
Above: From its beginnings as a light-weight

Below: A perceived fighter shortage in the RAF fighter the General Dynamics F16 has been
led to the acquisition of fifteen former US Navy developed into a total multi-role attack aircraft
F4Js in 1984. These were only issued to one that has been sold and is still selling to air forces Below: In 1990 the Portuguese Air Force
unit, as they were very much non-standard around the world. The Royal Netherlands Air ordered F16s. Based at Monte Real just one
aircraft compared with the rest of the RAF fleet, Force was one of the first four NATO operators unit, Esq 201, operates the type. F16A 15103 is
the engine being the main difference. The (Belgium/Norway/Denmark) to buy the early at Fairford, July 1997.
aircrew even wore standard USN kit. F4J(UKj models. F16A J-003 of 306 Squadron is at
ZE354/R of 74 Squadron is seen at Finningley, Mildenhall, May 1995. The task of this unit is
September 1989. tactical reconnaissance.
Below: Norway ordered seventy-two Fokker-built F16A and Bs, they are Below: An example of Belgian special colours is this F16A, FA115 from 10
split among four squadrons. F16A 670 of Bod0-based 334 Skv is at Fairford, Wing. Its markings are to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of its Kleine
July 1987. Brogel base. It is pictured at Mildenhall, May 1995.
Left: The Belgian Air Force has often painted its

aircraft in special markings. F16A FA71 of 31
Squadron/l0 Wing based at Kleine Brogel shows
off very spectacular tiger markings for the NATO
Tiger Meet. It is seen at Fairford, July 1998.
Above: Danish Air Force squadron 727 was the

first unit in that air arm to receive F16As in 1980.
E-199 was photographed at Valley in August 1989.
41
Below: The US Marine Corps does not use F16s in squadron formations. It
does however participate in the US Navy Fighter Weapons School program
(Top Gun] and so has an aircraft in this grey/green colour. F16N 163269
42/NFWS is at London, Ont, June 1990. The F16N was a modified F16C
used as an adversary air combat trainer.
Above: Now in common service with ANG units the F16 operates with Below: This two-seater TF16N is operated by the US Navy 'Top Gun'
more distinctive markings than the regular air force. F16A 82-1023 of school. 163279 46/NFWS is seen at London, Ont, June 1990.
186th FIS Montana ANG is at Reno. NV. September 1988.
Above: Puerto Rico is not a US state but does Below: Seen at Selfridge ANG base is F16A 80-0505 of 107th TFS Michigan ANG. June 1990. The unit
operate an ANG unit from San Juan. F16A had only finished the transition from A7s a couple of months earlier.
81-0694 of 198th FS taxies out to take off from
its base, November 1992. Note the squadron
name 'The Bucaneros' on the intake and the
pirate badge behind the cockpit.
Above: The Minnesota ANG's 179th FS is an air

defence unit. Note the bulge at the base of the
fin and the aerial array in front of the cockpit.
F16A 81-0780 is at Tyndall AFB. FL, April
1994. The stars on the fin are a representation of
the constellation 'Little Dipper'.
Right: 82-1002 is a USAF F16A of the 401st

TFW. seen here departing Fairford. July 1985.
The 'TJ' tail code relates to its then base
Torrejon, Spain.
42
Below: The two-seat conversion trainer for the

F16A was the F16B. 80-0624 of 161st
TFTS/184th FG Kansas ANG is at London, Ont,
June 1990. This unit, since deactivated, was a
training squadron for ANG F16 pilots.
Above: The F16C is the single-seat second-

generation aircraft capable of multi-role tasks.
87-0344 of the 63rd FS/ 56th TTW from McDill,
FL is at London, Ont, June 1990.
SP
.~464
Below: In regular USAF service most F16A

units have upgraded to F16Cs. Seen 'departing
for a training flight from Fort Wainwright AAF,
AK is 90-0745 of the 354th FW, with the blue fin
top of the 18th FS. This unit is normally based
at Eielson AFB but due to runway resurfacing
was operating from the US Army field. It was
photographed in May 2000.
Above: In June 1998 F16D 91-0464/SP of 22nd FS/52nd FW was seen at

Tampere, Finland. This unit is based at Spangdahlem in Germany. The red
fin band is the identification for the particular squadron within the wing.
Left: The Blackburn NA39 Buccaneer was develpped for the Fleet Air Arm
as a low-level nuclear strike aircraft. Two de Havilland (later Bristol
Siddeley) Gyron Junior engines of 7,100 lb thrust each powered the first
variant, the S1. Seen at RNAS Brawdy in July 1963 is XN975 an S.Mkl of
the Aircraft Holding Unit from Lossiemouth. This aircraft, in the short-
lived all-white anti-flash colour scheme, was issued the following month
to 809 Squadron. It survived its operational life and is preserved at the
FAA Museum at Yeovilton. (AG)
Left: The F16D is the two-seater variant of the

'C' model. 88-0152/MC of the 63rd FS/56th
TTW is at London, Ont, June 1990. Note the
cockpit canopy has a gold tint.
Right: The most famous F16 user is the USAF

Aerial Demonstration Squadron, better known
as 'The Thunderbirds'. F16A 81-0663 is seen in
the unit's distinctive markings at Reno Cannon,
NV, September 1988.
43
Below: Even before tbe Buccaneer entered

service Blackburn was looking at a more
powerful-engined version. The powerplant
selected was the Rolls-Royce RB163 Spey of
11,380 lb thrust. The new variant was the 52
and could be spotted by the larger air intakes.
XV163 11 DIE of 800 Squadron based on HMS
Eagle is seen at Brawdy, August 1968.
Above: The Panavia Tornado in its IDS role is Below: The RAF's new-build Buccaneers were
Below: The RAF had not wanted the Buccaneer the undisputed master of all-weather low-level designated S2Bs. the S2As were converted ex-
at any price. They were waiting for the TSR2: interdiction and strike operations. Originally FAA examples. In 1991 near the end of its
when it was cancelled they were to get the known as the MRCA (Multi-Role Combat service life the aircraft went to war as part of the
Flll K but this was also cancelled, thus leaving Aircraft) it has been developed by the industries operation to free Kuwait from the Iraqi invasion
them with Buccaneers. They soon came to of Britain, Italy and Germany to equip their forces. The task was to laser-spike targets for the .........
appreciate the performance of the aircraft and its attack squadrons. Seen taking off from Fairford Tornado bombers by operating its Pave Spike to
ability to fly very low. Buccaneer S2A XV161 of in July 1989 is ZA393, a GR1 of the Tornado mark targets. On some missions a Buccaneer
12 Squadron, the first to be equipped. was seen Weapons Conversion Unit with the 'shadow' would both mark and bomb. 52B XV352/U of
at Fairford in July 1989. numberplate of 45 Squadron. Z08 Squadron was seen in its desert-pink
colours at Mildenhall in May 1991. following
the war's conclusion.
Below: RAF Tornadoes were used extensively

during the Gulf War of 1991. ZA49Z/GS, a GR1
of 20 Squadron, was photographed at Finningley
in September 1991 in its desert-pink colours and
missions-flown markings.
Above: The Royal Aircraft Establishment used a

number of Buccaneers for various test projects.
52B XW988 was photographed at Fairford in
July 1991 in a yellow-and-black scheme.
Left: As the Buccaneer evolved in service

various upgrades took place. One was the
ability to fire Martel TV-guided air-to-ground
missiles. Aircraft so converted were known as
52Ds. XV351 030 of 809 Squadron based on
HMS Ark Royal heads a line at RNAS Culdrose,
August 1974.
44
Below: The Tornado CRlA is the reconnaissance variant of the type.

ZD996 I of 2 Squadron is seen at Mildenhall. May 1993.
-----
Below: No. 27 Squadron was the RAF's third Tornado CRl unit. In 1985 Above: Tornado CRl ZD743/CX of 17 Squadron was photographed at
the squadron took five out of the top six places in the USAF 'Giant Voice' Tampere, Finland, in June 1998. This was an RAF Germany unit based at
bombing competition. ZA564/JK is at Farnborough in September 1990 in a Bruggen. The defence cuts resulted in the disbandment of this unit during
seventy-fifth anniversary colour scheme. March 1999.
Above: The pilot conversion for the Tornado

IDS variant took place at RAF Cottesmore at the
Tri-National Tornado Training Unit. Aircraft
from the UK, Italy and Germany were all based
here as well as instructors from each air force.
MM7007 l/94 of the Italian Air Force is seen at
Valley, August 1987.
Left: In Germany both the air force and the navy

fly the Tornado. This Marineflieger aircraft,
43+69 of MFG 1, shows the early grey and white
colour scheme. It is at Fassberg, June 1983.
Below: Italian Tornado MM7070 70-RS of the

RSV test wing was photographed in desert
colours at Fairford in July 1997.
Right: Seen at its home base of RAF Cottesmore

is Luftwaffe Tornado 43+04 G/23 of the TTTE
June 1987. This unit has since disbanded.
45
Right: The Douglas B66 Destroyer was a light

tactical bomber. It was first flown in 1954,
having been developed from the navy A3. Seen
at Alconbury in May 1964 is 54-0520, an RB66B
of the 10th TRW; this was an electronic
reconnaissance variant. (AG)
Left: Showing off a special colour scheme at

Fairford in July 1999 is 44+88, a Luftwaffe
Tornado of AKG51 'Immelmann'. This IDS unit
is based at Schleswig-Jagel.
Above: One variant of the Tornado operated by

Below: Saudi Arabia is the only Tornado export only the Luftwaffe is the ECR. This has an
country. They operate both the IDS and the Below: This specially marked Tornado IDS, electronic combat, reconnaissance role and is a
ADV variant. 762, an IDS of 7 Squadron, is seen 45+79, commemorates the fortieth anniversary world-class defence-suppression aircraft. Its
at Fairford, July 1995. The home base for this of its unit JBG31. It is named Spirit of Oswald task is to seek and destroy enemy radar. 46+45,
unit is the King Abdullah Aziz Air Base at Boelcke, after a World War I flying ace. It is a Tornado ECR of JBG32, is at Fairford, July
Dhahran. pictured at Fairford, July 1999. 1997. The unit's home base is Lechfeld.
Below: The Lockheed SR71 was one of the most advanced aeroplanes ever Below: Lockheed's earlier reconnaissance platform the U2 is still in service
built. No longer in service, its performance has never been bettered (by any as the TRl variant. Seen at Edwards AFB is U2A 56-6722. This aircraft had
announced aircraft). It could fly at over 2000 mph; it flew from New York over the years been used for various test equipment. Note the skunk on the
to London in less than two hours and London to Los Angeles in less than tail fin. The Lockheed building at Burbank where they were designed is
four. They were operated by the 9th SRW from Beale AFB, CA. 64-17979 known as 'The Skunk Works'. This airframe has been preserved at the
SR71A is at Fairford, July 1985. This airframe is now preserved at Lackland USAF Museum at Dayton, OH.
AFB, TX.
46
Left: The Douglas A3D Skywarrior was one of the largest attack aircraft to
fly off the US Navy's aircraft carriers. Seen at its home base of Point Magu,
CA, is 138938 an NA3B of the PMTC. The 'N' in the type prefix indicates
it has been modified as a test aircraft to such an extent as to preclude it
reverting to its original state.
Below: The Grumman EA6B Prowler is a four-seat electronic warfare,

carrier-based aircraft. It has an enlarged A6 Intruder fuselage. 158542
612/ Aj of VAQ 130 is seen onboard USS Nimitz, September 1975.
Below: Designed from scratch as a COIN (Counter Insurgency) aircraft the North American Rockwell Below: The aVI0A was used by the USAF in
aVI0 Bronco has two seats in tandem and is used in light attack and forward air controller roles. the Vietnam War in a forward air control role.
155438 OVI0A ER/12 of VMO-l 'Yazoo' is seen at Hamilton, Ont, june 1990. The aircraft is based at 66-13562 of the 20th TASS (Tactical Air Support
the US Marine Corps station New River, NC. Squadron) is at Lakenheath, August 1975.
Above: Used by the Colombian Air Force as a light bomber in anti-terrorist Above: The Victor K2 was the last of the 'V' bombers in service. 55
and drug-enforcement roles this aVIoA, FAC 2216, is on the ramp at Base Squadron disbanded in October 1993 having operated the type from Bl to
Aereo Luis F. Gomez at Apiay. Operated by Esc 311, it has live bombs K2 since 1960. XL190 lands at Fairford in july 1989 trailing its large brake
loaded, in this September 1997 picture. chute. The tanker fleet was by this time in a hemp colour.
Below: Handley Page's crescent-winged Victor bomber was one of Britain's

three 'V' bombers. Following its bomber service most were converted to
the air-tanking role. Victor KIA XH616 of 57 Squadron is at Leuchars,
September 1974.
Above: The Boeing B52 Stratofortress was the big stick of SAC during the
cold war. It has been in service since 1955 and is planned to be still
operational in 2030, a staggering eighty-five years. B52H 60-0051 of the
93rd BW is in the circuit at its then base Castle AFB, CA in October 1979.
The 'H' model was the eighth production variant; it had a shorter tail and
TF33 turbofans.
47
Right: The BIB looked very similar to the 'A' but

had a number of important differences. The air
intakes were modified to reduce radar cross-
section and because the new model did not
require the Mach-2 performance of the 'A'. One
hundred were built for the USAF and the type
will serve for many years to corne. 86-0123 of
the 319th BW based at Grand Forks AFB, North
Dakota, is seen flying at Fairford, july 1989.
Below: Seen at Mildenhall, May 1986 is

58-0183, a B52G of the 97th BW. No longer in
service the 'G' was the first variant with the
shorter tail fin. The powerplants were eight
Pratt & Whitney j57 turbojets.
Below: The Lockheed F117A was the first in-service stealth bomber. Above: Planned as a B52 replacement the Rockwell Bl had a long gestation
D.eveloped in great secrecy, it found fame during the Gulf War with its period. Seen on the ramp at Edwards AFB, October 1979 is the second BIA
operations over central Baghdad. 85-0830/TR of the 37th FW is seen at 74-0159 on charge to the AFFTC. US President jimmy Carter cancelled the
Mildenhall, May 1992. It shows off the unique shape of the aeroplane. project but President Reagan in his arms build up restarted it as the B1B.
Below: The Fairchild AID was designed around the GUA-8A Gatling gun. Its role was tank busting Above: Seen on the ramp at its base of Borcea-
and ground attack. Intended for low-level operations. the plane was able to take hits due to having Fete~ti is Harbin H5R 308 of the 86th Regiment,
both back-up and armoured parts. 77-0219/DM Al0A of the 355th TTW is seen at its base, Davis Romanian Air Force. The H5 is a Chinese-built
Monthan AFB, AZ, September 1988. copy of the Ilyushin IL-28 (Beagle) light bomber.
(PJD)
Below: Painted in compass ghost grey is GAIDA

78-0700/AK of the 354th Wing. The black fin tip
indicates it belongs to the 355th FS. Externally
identical the OA10 is the 'Fast FAC' (Fast
Forward Air Controller). This aircraft was
photographed at Fort Wainwright AAF in May
2000 whilst the runway at its horne base Eielson
AFB was being resurfaced.
48
Left: The Sukhoi Su-24 (NATO code-name Fencer) is a long-range low-

level Russian attack bomber. With swing-wings and a top speed of Mach
1.35 it is a very formidable warplane. l1(White) was photographed at the
Zhukovsky test airfield near Moscow in August 1997. (JDS)
Below: It was late in 1999 that the US Navy retired the Douglas A4
Skyhawk from its last task. that of an advanced trainer. The A4 had
entered service in 1956 and served in many roles with the USN and Marine
Corps. A4F 155031 302/UH ofVC7 is seen at Edwards AFB. October 1979.
Above: The A4M was in fact called the

Skyhawk II such was its level of upgrades. Most
important was a new engine. the P&W J52-P408.
which gave a 20% increase in thrust over earlier
variants. 160252 3/VL of USMC squadron VMA
331 is seen at Pensacola. October 1981.
Above: Seen at Lemoore NAS. CA. October 1979 is TA4F 154334 04/NJ of Above: The TA4J was used by the US Navy as an advanced trainer. It was
VA127. The markings were getting less predominant but were still a long basically an 'F' model with the weapons systems removed. 154291 170/B
way from the all-grey of today. of training squadron TW2 is at London, Ont, June 1990. It carries the name
of USS Lexington. the then training carrier.
Above: TA4J 156946 120/B ofVT21 shows the standard red and white US
Navy training colours. It is at Pensacola. October 1981.
/
Above: Ten years after the A4 entered service the
two-seat TA4F followed. As well as being a trainer
it could also carry weapons and was used as a
forward air controller (Fast FAC) with the USMC.
154311 4/EX is operated by H&MS 31. This is a
Marine Corps HQ and Maintenance squadron. It is
pi~t].JTed at Pensacola. October 1981.
Right: Australia was one of the countries to buy

the Skyhawk. Designated A4G they were ex-USN
A4Fs. and flew off the ship HMAS Melbourne.
N13~155051 870 of 805 Squadron RAN is at
Greenham Common. June 1977.
49
Right: The US Navy Flight Demonstration Team,

'The Blue Angels', flew the Skyhawk for nine
years from 1974 to 1983. They replaced the F4
Phantom and were in turn replaced by the F/A18
Hornet. A4F 154176 No.6 is seen at Biggs, TX,
October 1984. The A4Fs were modified for the
team with a number of changes to suit their
special role.
Below: Few aircraft have had such a controversial

start to life as the swing-wing General Dynamics
Flll. It has matured into an excellent combat-
proven weapons system. 67-0101, an Fll1A of
the 366th TFW from Mountain Home AFB, is
seen at Travis AFB, CA, October 1979.
Above: The next production batch after the

FlllA was the 'E' model. This was essentially
similar but had various updates in the systems.
FlllE 68-0083/UH of the 20th TFW based at
Upper Heyford is seen landing at Brawdy, May
1980.
Left: In 1976 America celebrated its bi-

centennial. Many aircraft were adorned with
special markings for this event. FlllE 68-0028
of the 20th TFW is at its Upper Heyford base,
July 1976.
Above: The FB111A was the long-range SAC bomber. It had longer-span Above: Australia was the only foreign operator of the type and at the
wings with extra fuel and revised avionics. 68-0281 of the 380th BW, current time its only user. Fll1C A8-143 of 6 Squadron, RAAF is s'een in
Plattsburg AFB, NY, is at George AFB, CA, October 1979. flight at Finningley, July 1977.
50
Left: The EF111A is an electronic warfare defence suppression aircraft.

Forty-two F111As were converted to the new role. The type can be identified
by the sixteen-foot canoe-like fairing on the fin top as well as the light-grey
paint scheme. EF111A 67-0034/UH of the 20th TFW is at Fairford, July 1985.
- ...
Below: The Avro Vulcan was designed as a nuclear-equipped bomber. It was
distinctive for its delta shape and the staggering performance at airshows of
its fighter-like handling. Vulcan B1A XH503 is at Waddington, September
1964. Operated by the Waddington wing, comprised of 44/50/101 Squadrons,
the B1A was a B1 with an ECM suite fitted in the tail cone. (AG)
Below: The first service colour of the Vulcans was an anti-flash white. Below: The Vulcan B2 had more-powerful engines and increased wingspan.
Vulcan B2 XL387 of 230 OCU was seen at Gaydon in September 1963. (AG) XJ825 of 27 Squadron is at Brawdy, May 1980.
Left: Seen at Leuchars, September 1975 is

Vulcan H2 XM650 of 44 Squadron. The unit
badge can be seen on the fin as can the
Waddington station badge.
Above: The last Vulcan to fly was XH558, a B2

of the Vulcan Display Team. It operated for eight
years after the type was withdrawn from
operational service. It was photographed at
Boscombe Down in June 1992.
Left: This Vulcan B2, XL425 of 617 Squadron

'The Dam Busters', has an all-over camouflage
scheme and is a much darker paint than earlier
colours. It is seen at Mildenhall, August 1980.
51
Right: The KA6D Intruder is the tanker variant

of the type; they are converted from A6A
airframes. 151801 520/NK of VA196 was
photographed at Lemoore, CA, in October 1979.
Below: Heading a line of Intruders onboard USS

Nimitz, September 1975 is KA6A 152913
523/AJ of VA35 'Black Panthers'. Large
squadron markings such as these are now sadly
a thing of the past.
Below: Designed for precision bombing in bad weather or at night the

Grumman A6 Intruder has operated for many years with the USN/USMC.
A6E 160424 501/AB of VA34 'Blue Blasters' is at Mildenhall,
August 1978.
Below: Showing the toned-down grey markings now widespread
throughout the USN is A6E 162202 AD of VA42 'Green Pawns'. This unit
was the East Coast training squadron for the type. It is seen at Hamilton,
Ont, June 1990.
-
Above: A development of the Cessna T37 trainer, the A37B was a light
attack aircraft with eight underwing hard points. It also had more powerful
engines and the provision to refuel in flight. It was used operationally by
the USAF in Vietnam and also later by ANG units. A37B 70-1307 of the
AFFTC is at its base of Edwards AFB, October 1979.
Above: The Tupolev Tu-16 (NATO code-name

Badger) was a 1950s vintage Soviet bomber. It is
still in service in China where they were built
under licence. 57(Red) was photographed at
Zhukovsky in August 1995 and features a
special modified test nose.
Left: Seen departing Base Aerea Las Palmas,

Lima, September 1997 is this Cessna A37B 119
of Esc 711. This is the sole unit now flying the
type in the Peruvian Air Force. It is based in the
north of the country at Piura.
52
Below: A7E 157497 303/NK of VA97 is based on USS Coral Sea. It is at

Lemoore, CA, October 1979.
Above: Three 1A-58s were presented by the Argentine government to the Below: Showing what wonderful colours the US used to operate in is A7E
Colombian Air Force. FAC 2202 is seen at Base Aereo Luis F. Gomez at 158021 400/NH of VA195. It is at Lemoore, CA, October 1979. The 'E'
Apiay, September 1997. All had been grounded for lack of spares. model was powered by an Allison-built Rolls-Royce Spey engine and had
a great number of updates.
Above: The FMA lA-58 Pucara is an Argentine

designed and built twin turboprop light attack
and close support aircraft. As well as guns it has
four wing hard points and one under the
fuselage. A-19 of the Argentine Air Force is at
Farnborough, September 1978.
Above: The conversion trainer for the Corsair II Above: The commanding officers of navy Below: The US Navy initiated a competition in
was the TA7C. These were converted 'B' & 'C' squadrons always had a more colourful aircraft May 1963 to replace the A4 Skyhawk. The speed
models. Showing the two cockpits open is allocated to them. A7E 157516 401/NE belongs of an in-service date was important. The winner
156795 204/NJ of VA122 (USS Lexington), at to the CO of VA25 based on USS Ranger. It was was the LTV A7 Corsair II. This design was
Lemoore, CA, October 1979. photographed at Lemoore in October 1979. based upon the F8 Crusader but was a smaller
aircraft and optimised to be a light bomber
rather than a fighter. A7E 157522 402/NG of
VA147 is at Lemoore, CA, October 1979. This
aircraft has 'XO' on the fin top indicating it is
used by the squadron executive officer.
Left: The US Navy Air Test Center has an

example of practically every type of naval
aircraft to operate. A7E 156874 405/SD is at its
Patuxent River base, May 1989.
53
Right: One of only seven aircraft converted,

156794 is an EA7L. These were TA7Cs converted 07
to be electronic countermeasures platforms. --.:.
Operated by VAQ34 they acted as an ECM
aggressor unit, note the red star on the fin. It was
photographed at London, Ont, june 1990.
Above: Seen at Fairford, july 1998 is Greek Air

Force TA7H 161221. This two-seater is operated
by 340 Mira from its base at Souda on the island
of Crete. The aircraft is used as a fighter-bomber.
Below: USAF orders for the Corsair II came Above: Once the most colourful of operators, the Above: Portugal uses its Corsair lIs in the
following several years of operational use by the ANG units with A7s had some of the drabbest maritime strike role. A7P 5544 (these are
US . They operated the A7D; this variant was markings seen. A7D 69-6242 is operated by the refurbished A7 As with A7E navigation and
then adopted by the navy as the A7E. 188th FS New Mexico ANG. It is seen at its base, attack systems) of Esq 304 is at Conningsby, june
73-1002/PT of the 146th TFS Pennsylvania ANG Kirtland AFB, October 1984. 1989. The unit's home base is Monte Real.
is at Fairford, july 1989.
Right: TA7C 156750 is operated by

NAVWPNEVALFAC. This alphabet soup can be
broken down to Naval Weapons Evaluation
Facility. It is seen at the unit's base Kirtland
AFB, NM, October 1984.
Below: Still hanging on in service is the Meteor D16. This is a drone variant Below: In 1944 616 Squadron formed on Gloster Meteor Fls to become
that can operate without a pilot. Most of the converted aircraft have been Britain's first jet fighter unit. It is amazing that the Meteor is still used today
shot down in missile tests. WH320 Meteor U16 (now OJ N/RAE is seen at albeit with less than a handful of airframes. Meteor T7 (Special) WL419 is
its Llanbedr base, july 1969. operated by Martin-Baker to test ejector seats. Note the open space behind
the cockpit. It is seen at Boscombe Down, june 1992.
54
Left: The NF13 Meteor was a tropicalized NFll night-fighter. WM367 is

seen operated by the A&AEE at Bascombe Down, March 1971.
Below: Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft developed the Meteor TT20 from Above: The English Electric Canberra seems to have an unlimited life span.
the NFll night-fighter variant. The Royal Navy required a shore-based First flown in May 1949 it still serves today. XH135 is a PR9 AG/ of 1 PRU
target tug to train gunners and guided missile operators. WM255 of the (39 Squadron). It is seen at West Mailing, August 1989. The PR9 version is
Fleet Requirement Unit is at its Hum base, April 1968. still an efficient and very high-flying photo reconnaissance platform.
Above: The two-seat Meteor trainer was the T7.

It is of note that this aircraft did not have ejector
seats. WA662 is operated by the RAE in this
smart colour scheme. It is seen at Finningley,
September 1984.
Left: The last of the single-seat Meteor fighters

was the F8. WH453 is seen at Woodvale,
September 1971 on charge to No. 5 CAACU
(Civilian Anti-Aircraft Co-operation Unit). This
unit was tasked with providing target practice
for ack-ack gunners.
Below: Many Canberra airframes have been used as test vehicles. Canberra Below: The German Luftwaffe operated three Canberra B2s as test aircraft.
B2 (Mod) WV787 is used by the A&AEE for icing tests. It is seen at 99+35 of the MilGeoAMT departs Greenham Common, July 1983 in bright
Greenham Common, June 1981 orange markings.
55
Right: To celebrate the fiftieth anniversary ofthe

first flight of the Canberra, the RAF painted T4
WJ874 as VN799, the first prototype. Used as a
trainer for 39 Squadron pilots it is seen just
about to touch down at Fairford, July 1999.
Above: No. 231 OCU was the conversion unit

for the Canberra for many years. WT480/B, a T4,
is at its Cottesmore base, May 1972.
Above: A unique unit in the RAF, 360 Squadron was formed as recently as
Above: Seen at Leuchars, September 1974 is Canberra T19 WJ975/X of 100 October 1966, not having a wartime record. A joint RAF/RN unit, it was
Squadron, a target facilities unit. Th'e Tl9 was a Tll that had had the radar tasked with electronic countermeasures training. Canberra T17 WJ981/S is
removed as well as various other changes. seen at Leuchars, September 1975.
Left: Seen at the Zhukovsky test airfield near

Moscow, August 1995 is this Tu-95 (Bear), one
of a number here used for various test work.
Below: So successful a design was the Canberra Above: The Tupolev Tu-160 (NATO code-name
that the USAF ordered it for the interdiction Below: Despite being driven by propellers the Blackjack) is the largest bomber in the world
role. Built by the Glen 1. Martin company of Tupolev 1\1-95 (NATO code-name Bear) had a today. It has swing-wings and a similar
Baltimore, it was designated B57. EB57E very high performance. Maximum speed was configuration to the B1B but is far larger. Its
55-4263 is seen at Binbrook, August 1978. 548 mph (882 kph) coupled with a range of wing span is nearly fifty-foot wider and the
Operated by the 17th DSES (Defence Systems 8364 miles (13,460 km) whilst carrying a bomb fuselage thirty-foot longer. 29(Black) in a half-
Evaluation Squadron) it was one of five to visit load of 5 tonnes. 20(Black) is seen at Fairford, painted state lines up to take off at Zhukovsky,
Europe for exercises: July 1993. August 1995.
56
Below: The first American supersonic bomber was the Convair B58
Hustler. It had a short operational life, entering service in 1960 and being
withdrawn in 1970. 59-2440 B58A of the 64th BS/43rd BW is seen at
Mildenhall, May 1969. The home base for the aircraft was Carswell AFB.
Above: The Boeing RB47H was an electronic reconnaissance variant of the Below: Looking like a set square in the sky, B2B 82-1069 is seen over
original B47 six-engined bomber. 53-4280 is seen at Upper Heyford, May Fairford, July 1999.
1967. Note that the serial has the '0' prefix. This was to indicate the aircraft
was over ten years old. This procedure has since been dropped as the life
of military aircraft has grown to figures that would not have been believed
at one time. (AG)
Above: With wings still spread Tu-160 29

(Black) climbs away before beginning its flying
display at Zhukovsky, August 1995.
Above: Russian Tu-22M3 9804 is seen here

about to take off at Zhukovsky, August 1995.
Above: The Vickers Valiant was the first of the Below: Making its first appearance in the west
Below: The Northrop B2A bomber is today the three 'V' bombers in service, and due to metal was this Russian Tu-22M3 (Backfire C) c/n
most advanced and expensive warplane in fatigue in the main spar, was the first to be 12112347. It is pictured on a landing approach
service. It is a flying wing with very high stealth retired. Valiant B(PRlK1 WZ392 of 543 allhe Farnborough airshow, September 1992.
capability. 82-1069/WM of the 393rd BSI 509th Squadron was seen at its Wyton base in May
BW is seen landing at Fairford, July 1999. 1964, along with two others. (AG)
57
Right: The Tupolev Tu-22 has been used to designate two very different
bombers. First was the 'Blinder' range and then the much more formidable
'Backfire'. This latter aircraft is a supersonic swing-wing strategic bomber.
57(Red) is a Tu-22M3 operated by 185 Regiment, Ukrainian Air Force.
When the Soviet Union split up, most of the states took possession of any
equipment on their soil. It is pictured at Fairford, July 1998.
Below: As the name would imply the Super Etendard is an upgrade of the
earlier version. No. 60 of French Navy squadron llF is at Boscombe Down,
June 1992.
.-
Below: The Dassault Etendard IV is a single-place carrier-based strike Above: The Dassault Mirage IV is a French supersonic bomber, and was
aircraft with a transonic performance. A number were built as photo operated by the Force de Frappe to deliver a nuclear payload. The only
reconnaissance variants with the designation IVP. Etendard IVP No. 106 is version still in service is the IVP, a PR aircraft. No. 55/CB is operated by
operated by French Navy squadron 16F. It is seen at Chivenor, EB1/91 and based at Mont-de-Marsan. It is pictured at Fairford,
August 1970. July 1994.
Below: For nearly forty years the North American Rockwell T2 Buckeye
has been training pilots for the US Navy. T2C 642/C 158327 of training
squadron VT26 is pictured at Pensacola, October 1981. The home base is
Chase Field, TX.
Above: Painted in special markings to celebrate

seventy-five years of US Navy aviation, T2C
Buckeye 158602 of CTW 2 is seen visiting
Oshkosh, WI, August 1986.
Below: The Lockheed T33 Shooting Star has been

training pilots around the world for many years.
T33A 56-1782 of the AFTC was photographed at
McGuire AFB in August 1970. (SGW)
58
Below: This Dutch Air Force T33. M-43. is seen at a wet Upper Heyford.
June 1971.
Above: The Portuguese Air Force used the T33 from 1957 to 1976. 1920 is Below: Colombia was the first country in South America to operate the
seen at Upper Heyford, June 1971. This aircraft was operated by BAl at T33. the first were in service in 1954. T33A FAC 2020 is at Madrid AFB
Sintra. near Bogota. September 1997.
Above: West Germany's first post-war generation Below: In Canada the T33 is known as the CT133 Silverstar. 133119 of 414 Squadron. a combat
of pilots were trained in the T33. 9500 is seen at support unit. is seen in special markings for the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Canadian Air Force.
Greenham Common. July 1974. The unit is based at Comox. BC where it is pictured. May 2000.
Above: The US Navy variant of the T33 was the

TV2. As can be seen. the area behind the cockpit
is quite different. The aircraft is also equipped
with a tail hook. 144204 7W is the base flight
aircraft at Willow Grove. August 1970. (SGW)
Left: This Ecuadorian Air Force T33A FAE 806

was seen at Latacunga AFB in September 1997.
Below: The Bolivian Air Force replaced the last

of its F86 Sabres with T33s. Grupo Aereo de
Caza 32 operates them. T33 FAB 635 is at EI
TrompilJo. Santa Cruz. November 1992.
59
Below: Following the success of the Aermacchi

MB326 the company developed the MB339, a
two-seat, in-tandem, advanced jet trainer. Seen
here is MB339A MM54507 55/ of the SVBIA.
This unit is an Italian Air Force flying school
then based at Lecce Galatina. It was
photographed at Valley in August 1985.
Above: The Mudry CAP 20 is a single-seat

aerobatic aircraft. Designed for +8 and -6 G, it
was acquired in small numbers by the French
Air Force for aerobatic practice. No. 6/VZ is at
Reims, May 1983.
Below: The Canadair CT114 Thtor is a two-seat Below: Officially known as 431 Air Dem- Above: The Aermacchi MB339C is a slightly
side-by-side basic jet trainer. It is only in service onstration Squadron, to the Canadian public they larger variant optimised to be a lead-in fighter
in Canada. 114163 is operated by the Central are better known as 'The Snowbirds' aerobatic trainer or a light attack aircraft in its own right.
Flying School for instructor training. It is team. CT114 Tutor 114049 is the team's No. 11 NZ6469 of 14 Squadron RNZAF at Boscombe
pictured at its Winnipeg base in June 1990. aircraft. It is seen at London, Ont, June 1990. The Down in June 1992, prior to delivery. The home
team is based at Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. base is Ohakea on North Island.
Below: The Aermacchi MB339AP is operated by the Peruvian Air Force Below: The TC4C Academe is based upon the airframe of the Grumman
Academy. They are used by Esc 513 for advanced training. 485 leads a line G159 Gulfstream 1 twin-prop executive transport. This US Navy aircraft
of three at the unit's base, Las Palmas. September 1997. has a new nose into which is fitted the radar from the A6 Intruder. In the
cabin there are locations for training the navigator/bombardier. 155722
850/NJ of VA128 is seen at London, Ont, June 1990.
60
Below: Irish Air Corps Chipmunk T20 168 is

seen awaiting an engine. It is at Baldonnell
Casement, August 1977.
Above: The de Havilland (Canada] DHCl Below: A joint venture between Dornier and Below: Belgium uses its Alpha Jets in the
Chipmunk was a single-engined, tandem-seat, Dassault resulted in the Alpha Jet. It is used by advanced training role. They however frequently
basic trainer for the RAF. Chipmunk no WP896 the French as an advanced trainer. Alpha Jet E paint aircraft in very distinctive colour schemes.
is operated by 10 AEF (Air Experience Flight]. It E140 314-VV is operated by EAC 314 from Tours. AT29 is operated by 9 Wing. It is seen at
is seen at its Woodvale base, May 1984. It was photographed at Valley in August 1983. Conningsby, June 1989.
Below: France's national aerobatic team the 'Patrouille de France' flies the Below: The Germans have used the Alpha Jet in the light attack role where
Alpha Jet E. E174 No.1 is seen at Abbotsford, BC, August 1986. The team they replaced the Fiat G91. Alpha Jet A 41+27 of JBG 43 is seen at
is based at Salon-de-Provence. Cottesmore, June 1987.
Below: The Embraer EMB 312 Tucano is a very successful Brazilian turboprop, tandem-seat trainer.
The Brazilian Air Force aerobatic team Escuadron de Fumaca or Smoke Squadron operates it. Tucano
T27 FAB 1311 is airborne at Abbotsford, BC, August 1986.
Above: The Colombian Air Force bought

fourteen T27 Tucanos and operates them as
both trainers and light attack aircraft, utilising
the underwing hard points. FAC 2263 of Esc 312
was photographed at its base, Luis F. Gomez, at
Apiay in September 1997.
61
Right: The order for the new RAF trainer to replace the Jet Provost was one
of the most hotly contested of recent years. The winner was the Tucano.
The version chosen by the RAF is built by Shorts and has a more powerful
Garrett TPE 331-12B engine. Tucano Tl ZF447 of 3 FTS is seen at
Above: Between flying F4 Phantoms and the

current F16s the USAF aerobatic tearn 'The
Thunderbirds' flew T38A Talons. No.5 is seen
at Harlingen, TX, October 1979. This unit is
exceptional in not always showing a full
aircraft serial.
Above: The French Air Force is one of the latest Below: The T38B is a reconfigured T38A fitted with hard points to be a 'lead-in fighter trainer' (LIFT).
customers for the Tucano having placed orders 65-10457/HM is operated in this role by 434th TTS/479th TTW based at Holloman AFB, NM. It was
for eighty. EMB 31ZF No. 469 312-JN is from photographed in October 1984, at Biggs AAF base, TX.
flying school GI.00.312 at Salon-de-Provence. It
is seen at Fairford, July 1999.
Above: In service since 1961 and with life

extensions for perhaps twenty more years, the
Northrop T38 Talon will by the time it is
replaced have provided advanced flying
training to several generations of American
pilots. 64-13235/VN of the 71st FTW Vance
AFB is seen at Hamilton, Ont, June 1990.
Below: To expand the learning curve of navy test pilots a T38B, 60-0582, Below: Turkey is one of the few countries to operate the T38. It is used as
has been added to the USNTPS fleet. The USN has of course not operated an advanced trainer. 38227 (2-227) of 2 AJU is seen at its base of Izmir Cigli,
the type for normal training. It is seen at Patuxent River, MD, May 1989. May 1998. (PJD)
62
Left: The Folland Gnat was originally a single-seat lightweight fighter that
was developed into the Gnat Tl two-seat advanced trainer. First flown in
1959 it entered service with the CFS in 1962 and later the same year with
4 FTS at Valley. This unit provided all RAF fast jet pilots with advanced
training. Gnat Tl XSI04 of 44/4 FTS is at its base, August 1968.
Below: The BAe Hawk has been a great export success. Designed as a
replacement for the Gnat the first aircraft were received at the end of 1976.
Hawk Tl XXl77 of 4 FTS is seen at its Valley base, August 1977.
Above: As well as an advanced flying training

role the Hawk could also operate as a weapons
trainer. Hawk T1 XX327/B of 2 TWU (Tactical
Weapons Unit) with the shadow markings of
151 Squadron was photographed at Valley in
August 1983, in its war-like camouflage colours.
Above: In the grey colour scheme is Hawk TIA XX263 of 2 TWU with its Above: Hawk Tl XX235 of 74(R) Squadron was seen at Fairford, July 1996,
second shadow unit, 63 Squadron. It is seen at North Weald, May 1992. in special airshow markings. This reserve unit is part of 4 FTS at Valley.
Above: The station flight at RAF St Athan painted this Hawk Tl, XXl72,
with the Welsh Dragon. It is seen at Fairford, July 1995.
Above: The Royal Air Force aerobatic team 'The

Red Arrows' is famous world-wide. The team
first flew Hawks in 1980 having previously
operated the Gnat. Hawk Tl XX251 is at
Brawdy, May 1980.
Right: The Hawk is used by the Finnish A[~

Force as both a trainer and as an attack fighter.
All commands have a Hawk flight attached.
Hawk Mk51 HW348/A is operated by the 3rd
Flight of the 31st Fighter Squadron at Rissala. It
was photographed at its base in June 1998.
63
Below: In the air force of South Korea the Hawk

is used in a dual role for advanced flying and as
a weapons trainer. Hawk T67 67-496 is seen at
Warton, August 1992, prior to delivery to the
216th TCS/8th TCW at Wongiu.
Above: A tribute to the quality of the Hawk's design was the decision by the US Navy to operate it as
an advanced carrier-borne trainer. It is being licence-built by McDonnell Douglas as the T45 Goshawk.
A great deal of engineering work had to be done to make the aircraft seaworthy. 162788 T45A 2/NATC
is seen under test at Patuxent River, MD, May 1989.
Above: For nearly twenty-five years RAF multi-

Above: The de Havilland Vampire was first flown in 1943 and entered service with the RAF three engined pilot training has been conducted by
years later. It was widely exported to over twenty different air arms. The last major user of the type the Handley Page (Now BAe) Jetstream.
was the Swiss Air Force who used both single and two-seater aircraft in the advanced flying training Jetstream T1 XX500/H of 6 FTS is seen at i
role. Vampire FB6 J-1183 is at Di.ibendorf, August 1987. then base Finningley, September 1990.
Above: The last user of the Vampire in the RAF was the Central Flying
Above: The two-seat Vampire was in a side-by-side configuration. U-1214, School. This unit's role is to train flying instructors. Vampire Tn XK624
a Vampire T55 of the Swiss Air Force, is at Di.ibendorf, August 1987. 32/CFS is at Coltishall, September 1971.
Right: The Jetstream T3 as operated by the Royal Navy for Observer

(Navigator) training is a far more up-to-date aircraft than its RAF
counterpart. It has new engines (Garrett TPE 331 turboprops) and is based
upon the successful Jetstream 31 airliner. Jetstream T3 ZE439
577/Yeovilton Station Flight was photographed at its base in July 1994.
Left: The Fouga CM170 Magister is a widely used trainer/light attack

aircraft. It has a distinctive 'V'-shaped tail. Unlike many of its
contemporaries it has two engines albeit low powered (880 Ib/400 kg
thrust Turbomeca Marbore 11A turbojets). Illustrated is 215 of the Irish Air
Corps at Baldonnel/Casement in August 1977. A total of six was obtained
and could be used to fire rockets.
64
Below: Being the designers and builders of the type the French Air Force
has been the largest user of the Magister. No. 111 AR is at Chiiteaudun, June
1977.
Above: The Irish Air Corps' only jet equipment for many years was the two- Below: Belgium's aerobatic team 'Diables Rouges' (Red Devils) flew the
seat Vampire trainer. 192, a T55, is at its base HQ BaldonnellCasement, July CM170 until they were disbanded. MT15 lands at Leuchars, September
1971. (SGW) 1974 following a display.
Below: This French Air Force example is in

spectacular marks for the NATO Tiger Meet.
CM170R No. 572/AD of GI.312 is at Fairford,
July 1991.
Below: The Belgian Air Force used the Stampe SV4B until 1971, making it
the last European basic trainer biplane in service. V28 is at Biggin Hill,
May 1968. (SGW)
Above: The Piper Super Cub was developed in

1950 from the L4 Cub. They were used by the
military as army spotter planes. Still in the
service with the Belgian Air Force is this L21B
Super Cub LB-05. Its current use is that of a
glider tug for air cadets. It is pictured at
Brustem, September 1996. (SGW)
Right: The Royal Navy kept a number of

de Havilland DH82 Tiger Moths in service to
act as glider tugs. T6296 is at Lee-on-Solent,
July 1969. (SGW)
65
Right: With its shoulder-mounted wing, the

SAAB 105 is quite a distinctive trainer and light
attack aircraft. It has side-by-side seating and
twin engines. As well as its native Sweden it
has been sold to the Austrians. SAAB 1050E
GF-16 is operated by 3 Flight Regiment,
Austrian Air Force. It is seen with a tiger-
marked tail at Fairford, July 1997.
Above: Until the delivery in May 1988 of the Below: Sweden's aerobatic unit 'Team 60' flew Above: The Jet Provost T4 had a more powerful
SAAB Draken the sharp end of the Austrian Air the SAAB 105. The unit is seen lined up at Bristol Siddeley Viper engine, giving it 40% more
Force was the SAAB 1050E. In the last few years Boscombe Down, June 1992 with 60096 at the thrust than the T3. This rare camouflaged
they have abandoned any attack role and have start of the row. The only extra markings for the example, XR679 of 04/TWU/79 Squadron, is used
reverted to being trainers. 1110/J (Yellow) is at team was the repainted tail, the fuselage being in to train forward air controllers hence its war-like
orth Weald, May 1972. normal drab green. colours. It is pictured at Valley, August 1983.
Above: A side-by-side two-seat primary trainer,

the Piaggio P148 first flew in 1951 and served
with the Italian Air Force. MM53736 RR92 is at
Venice Lido, September 1966. (SGW)
Left: Seen at its Little Rissington base in August

1964 is Jet Provost T3 XM360 71/CFS. Thi
two-seat basic trainer was designed to give 'ab
initio' courses for would-be pilots. The first
such course for the RAF started in September
1959. (AG)
Above: A redesigned hood is the feature to

distinguish the Jet Provost T5; this is because it
was the first variant to be pressurised. 'The
Poachers' aerobatic team from RAF College
Cranwell operates XW336 6/RAFC. The college
uses the light-blue tail band as a unit marker. It
was photographed at Valley in August 1973.
66
Below: The Hunting Percival Provost was adopted in 1953 as the Royal Air
Force's standard basic trainer. A single 550 hp Alvis Leonides air-cooled
radial piston engine powered it. Provost T Mkl XF896 05/CFS is seen at
its base, Little Rissington, August 1964. (AG)
Above: Derived from the Jet Provost the BAC167

Strikemaster was an economical way to give a
low-tech air arm firepower. It had fixed
machine-guns and four hard points able to take
an assorted load. Seen prior to delivery at Hum,
July 1969 is Strikemaster Mk81 501 of the
Yemen Arab Republic Air Force. This aircraft
and the other three ordered were sold on in the
early 1970s to Singapore. (SGW)
Left: Bought new, the Irish Air Corps operated

Provost T51s and T53s. Delivered in 1953--4 they
remained in service as trainers until the 1970s.
Provost T53 183 is at its Baldonnel/Casement
base, July 1971. (SGW)
Above: The Spanish Air Force T35 Tamiz is a CASA-assembled Enaer T35
Pillan. This is a Chilean designed and built basic trainer. It is used in this
role in Spain before pilots progress to the CASA 101. E26-25 79-72 of EVE
(Elementary Flying School) is at its base, San Javier, April 1994. (PJD)
Below: Following the demise of Beagle Aircraft production of the Bulldog Above: The Soko G4 Super Galeb is one of the many advanced trainer/
primary side-by-side trainer was taken over by Scottish Aviation. It was light attack aircraft on the market today. However, since it is built in what
ordered by the RAF to replace the Chipmunk, 132 were obtained. The main was once Yugoslavia it has very little chance of gaining any more sales.
users within the RAF were the University Air Squadrons. Bulldog Tl XX638 23693 is in the colours of' Letece Zvezde' (Flying Stars). the aerobatic team
of 3FTS is in the latest black colour scheme at Cottesmore, June 1996. of the Yugoslavian Air Force. It is seen on a visit to an airshow in the Czech
Republic at Hradec Kralove, August 1998. (PID)
Above: Of Czech origin, the Aero L29 Delfin was the standard jet trainer
for the whole of the Warsaw Pact group. Over 3000 were built. It had many
roles from basic to advanced to weapons trainer. 2330 L29 of the Czech Air
Force VZLU is at Hradec KraJove, August 1998. (SGW)
67
Right: In the Romanian Air Force training for

both air and ground duties is provided at the
SMOA (Institute for Aviation] at Boboc. Seen at
its base, May 1999 is Aero L29 54(Red). (PID]
Left: Pilots from the National Air Academy fly in secondary duties for the Spanish Air Force aerobatic
unit 'Team AguiJa'. Their mounts are these specially painted CASA 101 Aviojets. This is another of
the advanced trainer/light attack designs available to air arms of the world. As well as Spain, Jordan,
Chile and Honduras operate it. E25.22 79-22 lines up to take off at Fairford, July 1995.
Above: The 'C' model of the T37 has provision

for both tip tanks, for extra fuel. and to be able
Above: The USAF entered the Cessna T37 basic jet side-by-side trainer into service in 1957. The aircraft to carry weapons. T37C 2406 of the Portuguese
is powered by two 1025 lb (465 kg] thrust Continental J69 turbojets. Seen on the ramp at Williams Air Force aerobatic team 'Asas de Portugal' is at
. Gateway, AZ, in October 1998 is 58-1956/XL T37B of the 85th TFS/47th TFW from Laughlin AFB, TX. Fairford, July 1989.
Above: The North American HarvardlTexan can claim to be the most Above: The light aircraft subsidiary of Aerospatiale (SOCATA] designed the
important and perhaps widely used training aircraft ever. Powered by a TB30 Epsilon trainer to have the layout of instruments and handling
single 550 hp P&W Wasp air-cooled radial engine it first entered service in characteristics of the Alpha Jet. This plan would ease the pilot from basic to
1938 and can still be found in service today. Two are used by the A&AEE at advanced trainer as painlessly as possible. As well as French use it has been
Boscombe Down as low-speed chase aircraft for trials. Harvard T2B KF183 sold to the Portuguese Air Force, which had the airframes assembled in
basks in the type's reflected glory at Fairford, July 1987. country by OGMA. 11409 ofEsq 101 is seen at its Beja base, March 1997. (PID)
Below: Turkey is one of the countries to adopt the T37 as its basic trainer.
T37B 88074/2.074 of 2 AJU is seen at its Cigu base, May 1998. The 'B'
variant of the T37 had more powerful engines as well as improved
navigation systems. All 'A' models were brought up to 'B' standard. (PID]
Above: To replace the Harvard in Swiss Air Force service the Pilatus
company designed the P3 trainer. It entered service in 1955 but has since
been replaced in the training role by the PC7. Some can still be found as
station flight aircraft. Pilatus P3 A-810 is at Locarno, July 1970.
68
Below: With a P&W (Canada) PT6 turboprop as a powerplant the Pilatus

PC7 is a great leap forward in training technology over the P3. In service
with at least seventeen air forces, it can also be fitted with hard points
under the wings for weapons training or as a light attack aircraft. A-903 is
seen at the Swiss Air Force base of Dubendorf, August 1987.
Above: Seen in the well-known red/white Below: With the delivery in 1989 of a fleet of thirteen Pilatus PC7s the Royal Dutch Air Force
training colours is T28B 137775 E/446 of TW5. resumed basic training of its military pilots, army, navy and air force. Prior to this they had a joint
This US Navy aircraft is seen visiting Harlingen, venture with the Belgians and the Canadians. L-09 PC7 of EMVO (Elementary Flying Training
TX. October 1979 Squadron) based at Woensdrecht. is seen at Fairford, July 1995.
Below: The US Army was not a regular Trojan

operator but several examples have found their
way into army service for trials and chase
duties. T28B (1)37747 is at London, Ont.
June 1990.
Below: North American. who had built the T6 Harvard/Texan won the
competition to replace it in the USAF. This was the T28 Trojan. Following
two years' air force service it was selected by the US Navy. They operated
the T28B with a 1425 hp Wright R1830 Cyclone radial piston engine. This
was 650 hp more than the USAF T28A. T28B 138271 094/NJ of VA122 is
at Lemoore, CA, October 1979.
Above: India in a desire to adopt a local design

for its requirement of a basic jet trainer
produced the Hindustan HJT-16 Kiran. It first
flew in 1964 and was quite advanced having
zero altitude Martin-Baker ejector seats and
cabin pressurisation. U2462 is seen at the
Farnborough Air Show. September 1964 on a
sales trip.
Right: The Pills S2A Special is a small, very

advanced, aerobatic biplane. It is mainly to be
found in the private market place but for a
period of time the Chilean Air Force operated an
aerobatic team of five. These were known as
'The Halcones'. 2231 leads the team line up at
69
Below: In the competition for the Warsaw Pact jet trainer contract the PZL TS-11 Iskra lost out to the
L29 Delfin. It was however put into production by the Polish Air Force; the only other sale was to
India. 709 No.8 of the Polish Air Force aerobatic team 'White Iskras' lands at Fairford, July 1995.
Above: The new Polish Air Force basic trainer

was developed from an abandoned piston-
engined project. This is the PZL 130 Turbo
Orlik (Spotted Eaglet). 036 from 60 LPS (Air
School Regiment) lands at Fairford. July 1998.
Above: The Finnish Valmet L70 Vinka is Above: Valmet in Finland has added a new, more Below: The Boeing Stearman 75 Kaydet was a
designed and built in-country. to fulfil the role powerful trainer to its stable with the L90TP radial piston-engined biplane trainer that first
of basic trainer. It first flew in December 1979 Redigo. This features a 500 shp Allison turboprop entered US Army Air Force service as the PT13 in
with deliveries starting in October the following together with a retractable undercarriage. RG-4 is 1936. This example. FAB 16. was still in use in
year. They have not been sold to any other seen at Rissala, June 1998, where it is operated by November 1992 by the Bolivian Air Force at Santa
country. VN-7 is pictured in June 1998 on charge the 4th Flight (Communications) of the 31st Cruz. It is not so much used as a trainer but more
to the Air Academy at Kauhava. Fighter Squadron. as a great toy by the pilots lucky enough to fly it.
Above: The current basic trainer for the

Bolivian Air Force is the Aerotec A122A
Uirapura. This aircraft is a Brazilian design
powered by a 160 hp Lycoming piston engine.
The Primary Squadron of the College of Military
Aviation at Santa Cruz operates FAB 174. It was
photographed in November 1992.
Below: In a major change to its flying training policy the USAF now
separates pilots after T37 flying and only people destined for fast jets go on
to T38s. The pilots destined for transport aircraft now go on to learn their
advanced flying on the Beech T1 A Jayhawk. This twin jet was purchased
as an 'off the shelf' design and in civil life is the Beechjet 400. 92-0339/RA
TIA is operated by the 99th FTS/12th FTW at Randolph AFB. TX. It is
pictured at Tyndall AFB. FL. April 1994.
Above: Most Cessna 150s in the world can be found in civil flying clubs
teaching the private pilot how to fly. A few can be found in military
colours. FAE 503 is operated by the Ecuadorian Air Force at its training
• school at Salinas. It was photographed in September 1997.
70
Below: Currently operated by the King Faisal

Air Academy at Al Kharj, the Royal Saudi Air
Force flies Cessna FRl72s. 618 is seen prior to
delivery at HUfl1, April 1968.
Above: To train its navigators the Canadian Below: The main task of Primary Instruction Below: In 1973 a T34 with a turboprop was
."'.rmed Forces have adapted the popular de Squadron 511 of the Peruvian Air Force is self- initiated and later that year one of two modified
Havilland (Canada) - now Bombardier - DHC8 evident from its name. However, one of its aircraft flew with a P&W PT6 of some 715 shp. A
Dash 8 short-haul airliner. To do this they have aircraft is pictured here with the door removed total of 352 new-build T34Cs were obtained by
added mapping radar in an extended nose. as it taxies to take off with two parachutists in the US Navy, 161821 721/G of training squadron
Cf142 142804 of the Air Navigation School was the back. Cessna T41 416 is at its Las Palmas VT27 is at Biggs AAF, TX. October 1984. The
at its Winnipeg base in June 1990. base, September 1997. unit is based at NAS Corpus Christi. TX.
Below: Being part of the army the Irish Air Corps has an Army Co-operation Below: The SIAl-Marchetti SF260 is a fully aerobatic basic trainer that can
quadran based at Baldonnel/Casement. They fly the French-built Reims also be used in an armed counter-insurgency role. The Belgian Air Force
Cessna) FRl72 for duties such as target towing, parachuting and obtained the type in 1969 to replace the Stampe SV4 and they serve to this
Ufveillance. 207 is seen at its base, August 1977. day. SF260MB ST-32 from 5 SMAil Wing, Beauvechain is seen at Fairford,
July 1989.
---- Left: The Beech T34B Mentor was a US Navy

primary trainer powered by a 225 hp
Continental piston engine. (The USAF had
used the 'A' model.) Some 423 were delivered
by 1957. 144044 is seen at Pensacola, October
1981 with 'Fly Navy' titles. This is one of
many T34Bs used by Recruiting Command
(part of Training Command). They are used to
fly potential recruits to see if they have
problems with flying such as airsickness
before they get on to an expensive training
syllabus.
71
Below: Czechoslovakia has had a lot of experience in the design and

building of training aircraft. Following the successful L29 Delfin the country
produced the follow-on trainer for the Warsaw Pact. This was the Aero L39
Albatros. As well as extensive use with communist countries it has sold to
many third world states. L39ZA Albatros 5015 of the Czechoslovakian Air
Force training unit llSLP is seen landing at Boscombe Down, June 1992.
Above: Among Ecuador's armed forces both the air force and the navy Below: In a far brighter colour scheme is this Ecuadorian Navy T34C. ANE
operate T34Cs. FAE 0019 is an air force example operated by the Air Force 221 is at the navy's only base, Guayaquil, September 1997. None of the
Flying School at Salinas. It is pictured at its base, September 1997. aircraft operated by the navy has an offensive capability.
Above: Lithuania emerged from the Soviet Below: Operated in a dual role, both as a basic trainer and as a light attack and reconnaissance type,
Union as the first of the three Baltic States to the SF260WE Warrior has served since 1977 with the Irish Air Corps. 228 was photographed at its
regain its independence. It has a very small air Baldonnel/ Casement base in August 1977.
force with aircraft mainly donated by
neighbouring states. Four L39C Albatros jets
were purchased from the former Soviet republic
of Kyrgyzstan and they are operated by 11
Squadron at Zokniai. 02(Blue) is seen at its base,
May 1995. (JDS)
Above: Romania's Institute of Aviation (SMOAj

at Boboc operates the L39ZA in the advanced
training role. 132(Red) is seen at its base, May
1999. (PJD)
Right: The Lockheed C130 Hercules is without

a doubt the finest and most widely used
military transport in use today. First flown in
1954 it is still in production. The USAF is the
biggest operator of the type and uses it for a very
wide range of tasks. 63-7767 C130E is seen at
Odiham ln~ September 1964 in the early all-
-.
silver colour. (AG)
72
Below: The HC130P is a combat aircrew rescue

aeroplane. It is an upgrade of the HC130N
having a larger radome amongst other changes.
66-0224 HC130P of the 129th Rescue Squadron
California ANG is at its then base Heywood,
October 1979. The following year the unit
moved to Moffett NAS.
Above: On-type training for the Air National

Guard is provided by the 154th TATS of the
Arkansas ANG. C130E 62-1784 is at Reno, NV,
September 1988.
Left: This Hercules is an EC130E 'Rivet Rider'. a

special variant that can intercept and re-
broadcast both radio and television programmes.
This can be used in civil emergencies to
broadcast news or in a wartime operation for
psychological warfare and propaganda. Note the
antennas on the fin and the large underwing
pods. 63-9816 is operated by the 193rd SOS of
the Pennsylvania ANG. It is pictured at Fairford,
July 1998. .
Below: The designation NC130A indicates that the aircraft is a C130A used
for permanent test work and could not be converted back if required. (A T
prefix is a temporary modification.) NC130A 55-0022 of the 4950th Test
Wing Air Force Systems Command from Wright Patterson AFB, OH is seen
at London, Ont, June 1990.
Above: Armed with a 105 mm Howitzer as well as 20 and 40 mm cannons

the AC130 Gun Ship packs a tremendous punch as a ground-attack aircraft.
Such aeroplanes evolved during the Vietnam War starting with AC47s then
ACl19s before the AC130. Within the Hercules range there have been the
AC130A/E/H versions, each one an improvement on the previous.
AC130H 69-6572 is at Edwards AFB, CA, October 1979.
Left: Based at Kirtland AFB, NM, the 1550th

Aircrew Training and Test Wing was tasked
with training in the specialist art of combat
rescue. HC130P 66-0212 of the unit is seen at
Biggs AAF. TX, October 1984.
Right: The WC130H was a conversion for the

Air Weather Service of the HC130H. WC130H
65-0972 of the 920th Weather Reconnaissance
Group is at Harlingen, TX, October 1979.
73
Below: Full colour markings together with a

red tail on this LC130H of the 139th TAS. New
York Air National Guard. indicate a special
role. This is supporting the DEW Line radar
system in the Arctic regions hence the skis
filled to the undercarriage. It was photographed
at Fairford in july 1994.
Below: C130A 54-1640 is operated by the 105th Above: Despite being camouflaged this C130E Below: Fighting forest fires by water bombing is
TAS/118th AW of the Tennessee Air National 70-1274 of the 39th TAS/317th TAW Military mainly a civil task in the USA with a number of
Guard. This Nashville-based Hercules is one of Airlift Command shines in the sun and shows specialised companies operating a range of
the earliest to be found and has the original flat full colour markings. a far cry from the grey of permanently converted aircraft at high-risk
nose. It is at Greenham Common. june 1979. today. It is seen at Lakenheath. August 1975. locations during the summer months. The
MAFFS (Modular Airborne Fire Fighting
System) was developed in California. This can
quickly be filled into a C130 and can dispense
3000 US gallons of either water or retardant.
C130H 93-7313 of the 302nd AW (Air Force
Reserve Command) with the rear doors open
and the MAFFS system showing is pictured at
Fairford. july 1999.
Below: Spain operates the C130 in both a

transport and an air-refuelling role. Seen here.
in a camouflage suitable for a semi-arid
countryside. is C130H T.10.04 31-04 of Ala 31
based at Zaragoza. It was photographed at
Fairford in july 1995.
Above: Operated by only one squadron. 356

Mira/112 Pterix at Elefsis the Greek Air Force
has both C130B and H models in service.
C130H 741 is seen on approach to Athens.
june 1993.
Left: Configured as a flight-refuelling tanker

Argentine Air Force KC130H TC-70 of 1 Brigade
Aerea is pictured at Greenham Common. june
1981. Within twelve months this aircraft was
supporting attack missions against the Royal
Navy in the Falklands War.
74
Below: Seen here in an all-over light-grey colour scheme is C130H M30.07

from 4 Squadron of the Royal Malaysian Air Force. It is seen departing
Fairford. July 1996.
Below: Based at Lod the Israeli Air Force operates both tanker and Above: Only in the last few years has the Royal Netherlands Air Force
transport C130s. Their most famous operation was the raid in 1976 at obtained C130s. Prior to this the transport fleet consisted of F27s. C130H-30
Entebbe. Uganda to rescue the passengers from a highjacked Airbus. G-273 is one of the two operated by the air arm. All the Dutch transports are
436/4X-FWB is seen departing Greenham Common. June 1979. operated by 334 Squadron at Eindhoven. Photographed at Fairford. July 1996.
Above: An operator of the Hercules since 1964

the Turkish Air Force has been one of the few air
arms to keep them in a bare-metal finish. C130E
13186 12-186 of 222 Filo. based at Kayseri-
Erkilet, is seen at Fairford, July 1995.
Left: Seen here with seventy-fifth anniversary

markings is a 28 Squadron C130B of the South
African Air Force. Based at Waterkloof the unit
has operated the type since 1963. The original
seven, all still in service, have been
supplemented with ex-USAF airframes. 401 is
at Fairford, July 1996.
Below: Seen on the ramp at Andrews AFB.

Washington DC. May 1989 is C130H CH02 of the
Belgian Air Force. All the Hercules fleet are
operated by 20 SME at Melsbroek.
Right: The Royal Jordanian Air Force has been a

C130 operator for over thirty years. They are all
operated by 3 Squadron which has the nickname
'Guts Airline'. C130H 345 is at Fairford. July
1997. Its home base is AI Matar airbase. Amman.
75
Right: The first of the RAF's sixty-six C130Ks,

known as Hercules C.Mk1s, were delivered at
...
the end of 1966. Thirty of the fleet have been
stretched by 15 ft (4.5 m) by Marshalls of
Cambridge, these are designated C.Mk3. All the
fleet is based at Lyneham and although there are
five squadrons including the conversion unit,
individual aircraft are not marked as such.
Hercules CloP XV179 is seen landing at
Finningley, September 1984. (The 'P' indicates
it is equipped for in-flight refuelling.)
Below: Thailand is one of the countries using

the stretched fuselage C130H-30. 60105 of 601
Squadron, Royal Thai Air Force, is at Phuket,
November 1989. This unit is based at the
capital. Bangkok.
Below: Australia has bad three batches of Above: Chile bought two new C130Hs in the Below: Italian Air Force C130s are no longer in
Hercules deliveries: C130As in 1958. 'E's in 1966 early 1970s and added four ex-USAF C130Bs in full colour markings; camouflage has now taken
and 'H' models in 1978. A97.160 is a C130E the early 1990s. 996. one of the original C130Hs over. C130H MM62001 46-15 of 46 Brigate
• operated by RAAF 37 Squadron in a smart grey of 10 Grupo. based at Los Cerrillos, Santiago is Aerea. based at Pisa. is pictured at Cottesmore,
and white scheme. It is at Fairford, July 1994. at Fairford. July 1994. June 1987 in the old high-visibility marks.
Below: There are two versions of the HC130H, one for the USAF and the Below: The DC130 is a drone director aircraft. It has the ability to carry four
other for the US Coast Guard. As well as its traditional role the type can reconnaissance or target drones under the wings as well as the precision
carry an under wing pod with FLIR (Forward Looking lnfra Red), an optical guidance equipment in the fuselage. Pictured at Mojave, CA, September
data link and a control console. This is used for anti-drug operations. 1988 is 560514 of the US Navy. (This is an ex-USAF airframe that carries
HC130H 1704 of USCG Sacramento, CA is seen landing at Chico. September its old air force serial in a navy style.) It is operated on their behalf by
1988. The USCG colour scheme is one of the smartest on any aircraft. Flight Systems.
76
Left: The latest variant for the Hercules is the C130J. This is a completely
new aircraft with glass cockpits and different powerplants. Hercules C4
ZH873 shows off its new shape at Fairford. July 1999.
Below: Perhaps the oddest-looking C130 is the one operated by the

Defence Evaluation and Research Agency's Meteorological Research Flight
at Boscombe Down. To accommodate the 18 ft (5.49 m) long
instrumentation boom the nose radar has been fitted onto the cockpit roof.
Hercules W2 XV208 is seen at Leuchars. September 1975.
Below: The US Navy purchased six ski-equipped LC130R aircraft for use in the various US bases in Below: Used as a straight cargo carrier. the
the Antarctica including the South Pole. 160741 01/XD of VXE6 'Puckered Penguins' is at London. C130F is operated by the US Navy in small
Onto June 1990. The squadron is based at Point Magu in sunny California. numbers. 149797 797/JM of VR24 is seen
departing Greenharn Common. June 1979.
14,
Above: Following basic C130 flying. crews from the US Marine Corps Above: Since the 'Blue Angels' is a navy unit (with some marine pilots)
join VMGRT 253. This squadron. based at Cherry Point. NC. then trains the USMC is tasked with the support role and has traditionally painted
personnel for Marine operations and airborne tanking. KC130F 148249 the aircraft accordingly. C130F 149806 is at Biggs AAF. TX. October
249/GR of the unit is at Fairford, July 1994. 1984.
Below: The role of US Navy squadron VQ4 is known as TACAMO (Take

Charge and Move Out). This involves communications with the fleet of
ballistic missile submarines. The aircraft will trail a very long aerial and
transmit in very low frequency. EC130Q 162312 of VX4 is at Patuxent
River. MD. May 1989.
Above: Showing its stretch is L100-30 FAE 893 of Ecuadorian Air Force
unit Ala 11. It is at its base. Quito. September 1997.
77
Right: Portugal has one squadron of Hercules

transports. This is Esq 501 based at Montijo.
CI30H 6803 is at Fairford, July 1989.
Below: Keeping the national markings low key

is this Honduran Air Force machine. CI30A
FAH 559 is at Miami, June 1989.
------ - .- .... - ,-.
Below: Unlike many countries the Colombian Air Force has some of its Above: In the Venezuelan Air Force the C130s all have serials in no
C130s in a full colour scheme. CI30H FAC 1005 of Esc 711 is at its Bogota apparent order. This is common amongst other types as well. CI30H 2716
base, September 1997. is at Caracas, November 1992.
Below: The LIOO·30s of the Kuwait Air Force are adopting full colour markings. The fleet comes Above: New Zealand had the first production
under the control of 41 Squadron based at Ali Salim Sabah air base. KAF 324 is at Fairford. July 1993. C130Hs and has the T model on order. Showing
off its smart national markings is CI30H
NZ7002 of 40 Squadron RNZAF. It is seen flying
at Finningley. June 1977.
Below: The civil registration on this Gabonese

Air Force LIOO-30 does not hide its military
use. TR-KKB is at Paris, June 1977.
78
Left: Clad in the usual dark colours of the type is C130H 954 of 335 Skv,
Norwegian Air Force. The fleet of six is based at Oslo/Gardermoen. It was
photographed at Fairford in July 1989.
Below: C130A TAM 66 of the Bolivian Air Force is operated in its original
USAF colours with the national insignia changed. Operated by Grupo
Aereo 71/Esc 711 from the capital La Paz, it is seen at Santa Cruz,
November 1992.
Above: This Saudi KC130H tanker is in two-

tone desert-sand colours. 3202 is operated by 32
Squadron and is seen at Fairford, July 1995.
Above: The Royal Saudi Air Force operates C130s in a number of roles Above: Canada started Hercules operations in 1960 and has upgraded to
aside from cargo; they have aircraft configured as VIP transports and as newer models several times. CC130E 130316 of 435 Squadron, based at
surgical operating theatres. C130H 1609 of 16 Squadron is in basic cargo Winnipeg, is seen in the well-known white/silver colours at Greenham
mode. It was photographed at Greenham Common in June 1981. Common, June 1979.
Above: The urge to paint over all the markings has caught up with the
Canadians. CC130E 130307 of 435 Squadron is seen, in camouflage, at its
Winnipeg base, June 1990.
Above: The transport unit of the Peruvian Air

Force, Grupo 8, based at Lima, operates a mix of
C130 models. L100-20 FAP397/0B1375 has full
colour markings. It is on the ramp at its base,
September 1997.
Right: Algeria's stretched Hercules have

retained their civil style markings. C130H-30
7T-WHA of the Algerian Air Force is pictured at
Moscow, August 1995. (JDS)
79
Right: The Romanian Air Force was the first of

the former Warsaw Pact countries to obtain the
Hercules. C130B 5930 of 19 FMT was seen at its
base, Bucharest/Otopeni in May 1999. The
airframes are all ex-USAF machines. (PJD)
Below: The Blackburn Beverley started life as the

General Aircraft GAL 60 Universal. Blackburn
took over the company and first flew the big box-
like freighter from Brough in June 1950. Powered
by four Bristol Centaurus radial air-cooled piston
engines it entered RAF service as the Beverley
C1. Forty-seven production aircraft were built
and the type left squadron service at the end of
1967. XB287/T of 47 Squadron, based at
Abingdon, was photographed at Lakenheath in
May 1965. (AG)
Above: Derived from the Antonov An-14 the

An-28 was deemed to be such an upgrade as to
get a new number. Production was not in Russia
but in Poland by PZL. A twin turboprop high-
wing transport it can carry seventeen
passengers or a 2000 kg payload. PZL Mielec
An-28 (NATO code-name Cash) 1003 of 13 PLT
Polish Air Force is at its Krak6w/Balice base,
April 1998. (PJD)
Left: Acquired as a troop transport the Vickers

(now BAe) VCI0 joined 10 Squadron RAF in
1966. In 1992 following the Gulf War the
decision was taken to convert these to Cl.Ks
to give the unit a dual tanker/transport role.
VC10 C1.K XVI02 is seen on approach
to Manchester-Ringway, June 1996 in the
original fleet colours.
L ~ - ~
---- --
Above: A number of ex-British. Gulf and East African Airways VCI0s were Above: Code-named Coaler by NATO. the Antonov An-72 was developed
purchased by the RAF for conversion to pure tanker roles. VC10 K2 to replace the An-26. It is a high-wing transport powered by two ZMDB
ZA140/A of 101 Squadron is seen departing from Fairford, July 1995 in the Progress D36 turbofans. 949(Black) of the Soviet Air Force is seen on a rare
tanker's hemp colour scheme. visit to the UK. It is at Scampton, July 1991.
80
Left: Seen here in Ukrainian Air Force markings is 07(Red), an Antonov

An-72P. This variant is a dedicated maritime patrol aircraft, as well as this
it is armed with 23 mm cannon and rocket pods. It was photographed at
Farnborough in September 1992.
Below: Outside its native Ukraine, and of course Russia, the only other
military user ofthe Antonov An-72 is Peru. Grupo 8 at Lima operates these.
OB-1485 only wore a civil registration when pictured on the ramp at its
base, September 1997.
Below: Spanish built, the CASA 212 has found a market in the light Below: The Cessna U3A was a military variant of the popular 310A twin-
transport role, A high-wing twin turboprop, it has as well as the traditional engined 5/6-seat private aircraft. Its use was in an unarmed liaison role.
tasks been converted to other specialist military versions, TE.12B-41 79-94 57-5918 U3A of the Wisconsin National Guard was photographed at the
of Ala 72 of the Spanish Air Force is at Boscombe Down, June 1992. state capital, Madison, in August 1974. (SGW)
Left: As well as the illustrated transport role the

Portuguese Air Force operates a pair of CASA
212s equipped for electronic warfare. 16512 of
Esq 401 was seen at its base, Sintra, in March
1997. (PJD)
MP _31: \
C
Above: Once a familiar sight, day-glo has all but

disappeared from the military palette of colours.
Seen at Opa Locka, FL, in August 1986, prior to
delivery is CASA 212 MP-313 of the Mexican
Navy. The eleven aircraft in the fleet are split
amongst five bases.
Left: The 300-series CASA 212 can be spotted

by winglets and a longer nose. Seen at Medellfn,
November 1992 is CASA 212-300 FAC 1158 of
the Colombian Air Force airline SATENA. This
operation by military aircraft and aircrew is to
provide services to and from locations that may
not be economical for a civilian operator.
. 81
1000 Mll1TARY AIRCRAFT IN COLOUR
Right: The Irish Air Corps uses its CN 235s for

coastal patrol work. CN 235MPA 252 of the
Maritime Squadron is seen at Fairford. July
1998.
Below: CN 235M-l00 ANE 202 is operated as a

transport aircraft by Esq 2 of the Ecuadorian
Navy. It is seen at the Navy's sole base.
Guayaquil, September 1997.
Below: Unlike the white colours of the navy the Ecuadorian Army has all Below: Assembled in Turkey by TAl the Turkish Air Force has used
its aircraft in camouflage. CN 235M AEE 502 is operated by Grupo Aereo CN 235s to replace Dakotas. 051 is operated by 223 Filo. It is pictured at its
43. It is seen at Quito. September 1997. base. Etimesgut. May 1998. (PID)
Above: Such was the success of the CASA 212 that the company got
together with the Indonesian manufacturer IPTN to develop a larger variant
for both civil and military use. Sales have been very good with twenty-one
different air arms operating the new aircraft. Airtech (CASAJlPTN) CN 235
CNA-MB of Transport Aviation Command of the Moroccan Air Force is
pictured at Fairford. July 1995. The unit's home base is Kenitra.
Above: Military Fokker F28 Fellowships are

usually found in single numbers providing VIP
transports to presidents and prime ministers.
F28-1000 FAC 0001 is the Colombian Air Force
presidential aircraft. It is seen on the ramp at
Bogota. under guard. September 1997.
Left: The Beech 18 light transport and trainer

has had a very long life from its first flight in
1937. The production line ran until 1969 when
the last variant was built. 134713 SNB-5 (C45)
was one of a batch of twenty supplied to the
French Navy. It was seen at Tousous in June
1967. (SGW)
82
Below: A number of different manufacturers, including Beech, offered

conversions of the Beech 18 to nose wheel configuration. FAC 5579 is such
a conversion. Operated by the Colombian Air Force it is seen at Madrid
AFB. September 1997.
,e: Purchased by the USAF for the distribution of aircraft spare parts Below: Like the C130 the An-12 has had many more roles than just
=d it European bases the C23A Sherpa was a cargo variant of the transport. This example 43(Red) is an An-12BP (Mod) of the Russian Air
.::- :- 330 commuter liner. They were later passed to the US Army for Force. It is used to test ejector seats, these can be fired either up or down
_ ::e:a.l cargo operations. C23B 93-1333 ofCo.D 1-207th AVN Alaska NG is from the cone in the tail. On the wing tips are cameras to record the events.
::: a it Fort Richardson base, May 2000. It is pictured at its Zhukovsky base, August 1997. (jDS)
,e: The de Havilland Comet was the first

a:rliner in service in the world. RAF
-"port Command purchased ten Comet C2s
- .956. The\' were used as troop transports by
__ - - uadron, the first military jet transport
- "'on in the world. The last Comet used
"x 235. a 4C: it was operated for test work
--e :\&AEE and is seen flying at Fairford,
199...
_\ho,e: When the GDR (East Germany) was Above: The Warsaw Pact countries operated the Below: Other former Warsaw Pact nations still
:..ned with the rest of the nation the two air Antonov An-12 in the same roles as the west did operated the Tu-154. as this tri jet is cheap and
e- merged. The Luftwaffe found they had a with the C130. Both aircraft have the same reliable. Many can be found in airline service
:e __ of types they did not want. Some were general layout of high wings, four turboprops especially in the former Soviet Republics.
er 'en into service whilst others were and rear ramp loading. The An-12 had been Tu-154M 101 of 36 SPLT. Polish Air Force, is
_ . 'ed for a few years and sold on. Such an developed from the earlier twin-engined An-8. seen at its base Warsaw/Okecie, April 1998. (PjD)
xample was the Tupolev Tu-154M jet liner. An-12BP 2105 of 1 SDLP of the Czechoslovakian
1-01 i seen at Boscombe Down, June 1992. Air Force is at Boscombe Down, June 1992.
.' ,,""" II ,, •• , . " " I..... .

_ c,,~c ..
.
AI" "OHCI!!
Left: Following the peaceful split of

Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and
Slovakia most of the air force was divided on a
2:1 basis to the Czechs. They also kept the old
national markings. Tu-154B2 0601 of 61 DTL is
at its Prague/Kbely base, August 1998. (PID)
83
1000 MlLiTARY AIRCRAFT IN COLOUR
Right: Finland operates Piper PA28 Cherokee

Arrows for light transport and liaison duties.
PA-ll is seen at the Air Support Command HQ,
Tikkakoski. June 1998.
Above: Showing that the C5A can be loaded

from the front as well as the rear is 70-0466 of
the 436th MAW at Tyndall AFB, FL, April 1994.
It also shows the current overall grey paint of
the fleet.
Above: The Lockheed C5A Galaxy is well known Below: The Cessna 0-2A was a full military Above: Short's SC7 Skyvan is an ideal light
for its vast size. It is a four-engined high-wing version of the 337 Super Skymaster. It had transport capable of carrying bulky cargo or for
strategic transport with a capacity for up to 350 underwing hard points and clear panels in the other uses such as parachute training from its rear
troops or 265,000 lb of cargo. 69-0019 of the lower part of the door for extra visibility. The main opening doors. 5S-TB Skyvan 3M is operated by
436th MAW departs Greenham Common in the use was that of a forward air controller. Cessna 3 Wing, Austrian Air Force. It was photographed
original white and grey colours, June 1981. 0-2A 69-7667 is at Harlingen, TX, October 1979. at Greenham Common in July 1976.
Above: Built by Hunting Percival, the Pembroke

entered RAF service during 1953 as an Anson
replacement. One version was used in a photo
reconnaissance role. Pembroke Cl XL953 of 60
Squadron is at Wildenrath, June 1978.
Below: Fairchild's C123 Provider was a twin piston-engined variant of the Below: Three years before the RAF had the Pembroke the Royal Navy had
Chase C20 glider. The C123 had a rough field performance and was heavily received the first Sea Prince. The role of the type was as a light transport;
involved in the Vietnam War. To give extra power some were converted to later versions were used as navigation trainers. Sea Prince Cl WF138
have a pair of 2850 lb thrust J85 jets under the wings, these were known as 907/BY is an early short-nosed variant. It is operated as the station hack at
C123Ks. C123K 54-0580 of the US Air Force Reserve is at Harlingen, TX, RNAS Brawdy where it was photographed in July 1963. (AG)
October 1979.
84
Left: With a high-wing, twin-boom and twin piston engines the Nord 2501
Noratlas was a French-built transport. Deliveries commenced in 1953 and
as well as the French Air Force aircraft were sold to Israel. Greece,
Portugal, Niger and West Germany among others. GC+115 is a Luftwaffe-
operated aircraft with a mix of camouflage and day-glo in its colour
scheme. It is pictured at Odiham, September 1964. (AG)
Below: As well as transport the bulky airframe of the Noratlas meant it Above: The Yakovlev Yak-40 (NATO name Codling) has proved to be a
could be used for various test work. No. 29 is operated by the CEV (Centre success as a feeder airliner as well as a military transport; in this latter role
D'essais en Vol), a research establishment. It is seen at Chateaudun, June it is usually as a VIP transport. 71503 of the Yugoslavian Air Force is at
1977 with non-standard wing tips. Paris-Orly, June 1977.
Above: The Piper PA34 Seneca is a popular six-

seat twin-engined aircraft used in the private
and business market place, and over 2500 have
been built. They are also used by the military as
light communications aircraft. FAC 5200 is
operated by the Colombian Air Force and is
seen at Madrid AFB, September 1997. Some of
the PA34s operated by the Colombian military
are impounded drug runners that they regard as
'free' aircraft for their use:
Left: The first aeroplane to enter production in

Germany following World War II was the Dornier
0027, a STOL utility and liaison aircraft. It was
actually designed in Spain so it is of small
wonder that it was built there under licence as the
CASA 127. U.9.32 of Spanish Air Force unit Ala
23 is seen at Talavera La Real. March 1997. (PIO)
Below: This Polish Air Force Yak-40, 037, was seen attending a European Below: Bolivia's air force is another user of the PA34 Seneca in the utility
ummit meeting about Bosnia being held at Athens in June 1993. role. FAB 208 is at Santa Cruz, November 1992.
85
Below: The overall grey, lack of windows and

extra aerials indicate a different role for this US
Army RC12D, 80-23375 of the 1st MIB (Military
Intelligence Battalion]. Its task is to intercept
and analyse enemy radio signals. It is seen at
Right: This US Army U21A is operated by the

US Navy Test Pilots School at Patuxent River,
MD. 67-18096 is seen at its base, May 1989.
Above: Used by the British Army Air Corps, the Auster AOP9 was a 2/3- Above: The standard US military liaison aircraft is the Beech C12. Based
seat air observation post and light liaison aircraft. First flown in 1954 it was upon the successful Beechcraft King Air series they perform a multitude of
powered by a single 185 hp Bombardier liquid cooled piston engine. functions. C12A 76-0168 is a USAF machine serving as an embassy flight
XR243 is seen at Valley, August 1968. (SGWj aircraft. It is seen at Bogota, Colombia, September 1997.
Below: Cessna's 400 range of 6/9-seater light

transports are used by commuter air taxi
companies and by military units for liaison
work. Cessna 402C AB-l02 is operated by the
Bolivian Navy. A quick glance at a map will
show that Bolivia is a land-locked country.
However it does have Lake Titicaca, an area of
3200 square miles so can boast a naval unit. It is
seen at its La Paz base, November 1992.
Below: The Beech T44 Pegasus is used by the Above: Beech King Air F90 FAB 018 is used by Below: Showing its almost standard civil colour
US Navy as a multi-engine pilot trainer for the Bolivian Air Force as a VIP transport. scheme is Beech King Air 300 AN-232 operated
aircrews destined for the P3 Orion and other Operated by Esc 311 it is seen at its base, La by Esc 2 of the Ecuadorian Navy. It is seen on a
such types. 161067/D of Training Wing 4 based Paz, November 1992. visit to Quito, September 1997.
at Corpus Christi, TX is pictured on a visit to
Pensacola, FL, October 1981.
86
Below: The Colombian Army operates a fleet of liaison types. EJC 117 is a
Beech King Air 200. Its colour scheme is very similar to the US Army one.
It is pictured at Bogota, September 1997.
Above: The C12J is the US military designation of the Beech 1900 commuter Below: The military variant of the Douglas DC4 Skymaster was the C54. It
airliner. The C12 number is still used for what is a very different-looking was used by the USAF in large numbers as a general transport aircraft.
type. 86-0079 of the US Army HQ USECOM is at Fairford, July 1999. C54E 44-9100 is at Upper Heyford, June 1969. (SGW)
.-\.hove: France operates this ex-Jordanian Airlines

_-\iIbu A310-304 in a VIP role. F-RADB/422 is at
Pari -Le Bourget, June 1999. (SGW)
.-\hove: The rough field performance of the G222

-e it a useful transport for some of the
:emote parts of Thailand. Operated by 603
uadron, Royal Thai Air Force, 60310 is seen
i Bangkok base, November 1999.
Below: In 1955 Convair converted thirty-eight Above: The first of the Airbus range to find service Below: The Alenia (AeritalialFiat) G222 is a
Doualas C54 Skymasters to the role of search in military colours was the A310. A310-304 15002 twin-turboprop high-wing transport. A variant
aircraft for the USAF Air Rescue Service. SC54D is operated by 437 Squadron, Canadian Armed was acquired by the USAF as the C27 A Spartan.
2- 2696 is seen at its Prestwick base in May Forces, from its base at Trenton, Ont. It is known MM62128 RS-48 of the Italian Air Force RSV
1963. In those days the use of day-glo was in service as the CC150 Polaris. It is pictured at (Test Unit) is -at Fairford, July 1989.
:ide pread. (AG) Liverpool-Speke, May 1993.
87
· 1000 MILITARY AIRCRAFT IN COLOUR
Right: With a long held reputation for building practical workhorse-like

aeroplanes de Havilland (Canada) aircraft are renowned for their short field
performance. One such design is the DHC6 Twin Otter. With a high-wing,
twin turboprops and a fixed undercarriage it has found favour in many air
arms. No. 745/CV is a French Air Force example operated by ET65, a mediurn-
weight aircraft transport unit. It is pictured at Conningsby, June 1989.
Below: The Ilyushin IL-14 (NATO code-name Crate) was the main medium
transport aircraft during the 1950s with the then Soviet Union and its satellite
states. Later roles included navigation training and electronic intelligence.
06(Blue) of the Russian Air Force is at Tushino, Moscow, August 1995.
Below: Many parts of Ecuador are remote and have very basic airstrips. This Above: This Canadian Armed Forces DHC6 Twin Otter is a 100 series. note the
DHC6 Twin Otter, FAE 451 from Esc 1111. is at the unit's base, Quito. shorter nose. 440 Squadron from Yellow Knife in the North West Territories of
September 1997. Note the large low-pressure lyres for rough locations. the country operates it. CC138 Twin Otter 13804 is at its base, May 2000.
Below: As the only purpose-built water bomber the Canadair CL215 is used
mainly by the various provincial governments in Canada to fight forest fires.
They have also been sold to a number of Mediterranean countries to contain
fires during their hot dry summers. As a seaplane it can skim lakes or other
large areas of water and through scoops under the fuselage fill its tanks with
water. This can be dropped on to a fire either in one big drop or several smaller
ones using the different sets of tank doors. Here, 1039 of Greek Air Force unit
355 Mira lands at Athens, June 1993. This squadron is based at Elefsis.
Above: With a production run of just nineteen

complete aircraft including prototypes the
VFW-Fokker 614 was never going to be an
important civil or military type. It was a
medium-range passenger transport aircraft. The
most notable feature was that the engines were
mounted on pylons above the wings. The only
military user was the Luftwaffe. 17+02 is seen
landing at Manchester-Ringway. May 1993.
Below: The Douglas C124 Globemaster II was a

heavy cargo transport. Powered by four 3800 hp
P&W R4360 radial piston engines it would load
its payload through a set of doors under the
nose. C124A 51-0178 is at Pittsburgh. August
1970 on charge to the AFRes. (SGW)
88
Below: Seen here in its new style colour scheme is FAP 370/0B-1372, a
Douglas DC8-62F of the Peruvian Air Force Grupo 8 transport unit. It is at
its Lima base, September 1997 with the cargo door open as it is being
loaded with material.
IL
bove: When the latest transport came from McDonnell Douglas, the C17, Below: The Douglas DC8 has never achieved in military service what its
it was given the name Globemaster III. This four-engined high-wing cargo rival the Boeing 707 has, however more DC8s Gan be found as cargo aircraft
aircraft has state-of-the-art operational equipment to give STOL compared to the 707s due to the Douglas company stretching the airframe
performance from unprepared airfields. 94-0065 ofthe 437th AW is seen on and fitting new generation engines. Douglas DC8-62CF FAP 371 of Grt/po
a refuelling stop at Elmendorf AFB, Alaska, May 2000. 8, Peruvian Air Force, is seen at Miami. August 1986.
jj
bove: The Fairchild Cl19 Flying Boxcar was a Below: One of the most low-profile users of the Dash 7 is the US Army. Under a programme called
logical development from the company's earlier 'Airborne Reconnaissance Low' it operates a small number of the type with civil registrations and
C82 Packet. It was a twin-boom tactical small US Army titles under the cockpit. EO-5B (DHC7) N705GG of 204th MIB is at Gomez AFB,
transport loaded from rear cargo doors. It was Colombia, September 1997. Locations such as this are visited in connection with anti-drug
later used as a gun ship. CP35 is a Belgian Air operations.
Force C119G of 15 Wing. It is at North Weald,
. lay 1972.
- -'-. ~ ',. '--' y •
Above: Following the company trend of STOL

aircraft de Havilland (Canada) produced the
DHC7 Dash 7. This was a four-engined fifty-seat
aircraft. It was used for some years by the
Canadian Armed Forces under the designation
CC132. 132001 of 412 Squadron arrived at
Fairford in July 1985 in what was then a standard
colour scheme for Canadian transport aircraft.
Left: The US Marine Corps was a major operator

of the C119; originally designated R4Q-2s they
became C119Fs in 1962 following the unified
service designations. The variant differed from
the R4Q-1 as it had two Wright 3400 hp radial
piston engines in place of the Pratt & Whitney
R43260s of the earlier model. C119F 131677/QH
is operated by USMC transport squadron VMR
234. It is pictured at Glenview NAS, August
1974. (SGW)
89
Right: The Short SC5 Belfast was a long-range

strategic freighter with a large bulk capacity.
Operated by only one unit. 53 Squadron. they
had entered service by the end of 1966. Defence
cuts had the type out of service ten years later.
They were sold on the civil market and were
leased by the RAF for the Falklands War as they
needed the type's load capacity. Belfast C1
XR371 is at Leuchars, September 1974. This
was the last aircraft built.
Below: First flown in 1956 the Douglas C133

Cargomaster was a heavy-lift strategic freighter
built for the USAF Military Air Transport
Service. Cargo was loaded via rear freight
doors. The type left service during the early
1970s. C133A 56-2011 of the 436th MAW is at
Lakenheath, June 1970. (SeW)
Below: Lockheed's C141 Starlifter was a great Above: In 1977 the first C141B flew. This was a
leap in performance of cargo aircraft when it 23 ft stretch together with air-to-air refuelling Below: The Tupolev Tu-134 (NATO code-name
entered service with the USAF in 1964. NC141A capability. All but one of the surviving C141A Crusty) is a twin-engined medium-range airliner.
61-2776 of the 49501h TW Air Force Systems airframes were converted to C141B level. They are used for transport and VIP roles. Tu-134
Command is at London. Onto June 1990 in the 64-0612 in its all-over camou flage is at 1407 of 1 Transport Regiment, Czechoslovakian
colour scheme first used by the type. Hamilton. Ont, June 1990. Air Force. is at Fairford, July 1991.
Below: Bulgarian Air Force aircraft were very rare visitors to the UK. Below: As a follow on to the DC4 the Douglas company produced the DC6;
Tu-134A LZ.D.050 of 16 TAB, based at Vrazhdebna. is seen at Fairford. July this had the same basic layout but was longer. had pressurisation and more
1995. powerful engines. The military version had a cargo floor and door. C118B
131578. US Navy Keflavik. was at Mildenhall in June 1984 near the end of
the type's service life.
90
Below: Operated by US Navy transport

squadron VR1. Cl18B 128430 430/JK is in the
day-glo colours of the period. It is at Prestwick.
May 1963. This location was used by many
piston-powered transports travelling to and
from America. (AG)
Above: The latest aircraft from Oornier is the Below: After being seized for an alleged drug Below: Royal Moroccan Air Force Dornier D028
tylish 00328. Currently the only military user is offence this Douglas DC6 was put into service by CNA-NP/4336 is pictured in desert camouflage
the Colombian Air Force airline SATENA. Do328- the Peruvian Air Force. FAP 381 is at Lima. at Fairford. July 1989. They are used as maritime
100 FAC 1160 is at Bogota. September 1997. September 1997. patrol aircraft from their base at Rabat-Sale.
Below: The Belgian Air Force purchased this Douglas DC6A from the Below: The Dornier D028D Skyservant is a simple light transport. freighter
national airline SABENA. operating it from 1960 to 1977 when it was sold. and liaison aircraft. It has a high-wing and its two piston engines are
OT-COF/KY4 is at Odiham. September 1964. (AG) mounted on stub wings. The undercarriage is fixed. 58+97 of the Luftwaffe
is at Paris. June 1977.
Below: Following on from the 0028 the Oornier company produced the D0228. This was a longer
turboprop aircraft performing many of the earlier types roles. 57+02 is operated by German Navy unit
MFG3. Based at Nordholz they are used both as transports and as pollution control aircraft. 57+02 is
pictured at Fairford. July 1999.
Above: The North American/Rockwell Sabreliner

business jet was bought 'off the shelf by the US
military. Its uses varied from training to VIP
transport. VT39 61-0685 of the USAF is at
Leuchars. September 1976.
91
Right: The military version of the Boeing

Stratocruiser was the C97. It had many common
parts to the B29 bomber including the wing, tail
and powerplants. These were four P&W R4360s
).
of 3500 hp each. VC97K 52-2730 of HQ 16th Air
Force Torrejon is at Liverpool-Speke, May 1968.
In passenger configuration, it was transporting a
military band.
Above: Used by the US Navy for training

navigators the T39A has been in service since
1963. 150985 600/F of Training Wing 6 is at its
Pensacola base, October 1981.
Above: FAE 043 Sabreliner 40R of Escuadron Below: The most common use of the C97 was as a flying tanker to support the SAC fleet of B47s.
Presidencia], Ecuadorian Air Force is fitted out These were later passed on to ANG units who operated the type until the mid-1970s. KC97L 52-0905
for VIP transport work. It is at its Quito base, of 126th ARS Wisconsin ANG takes off from Greenham Common, July 1973. The home base for this
September 1997. unit was Milwaukee.
Above: This T39D has an extended nose. It is

operated by the US Navy Test Pilots School.
150987 39/ is at its Patuxent River, MD base,
May 1989.
Below: KC97L 52-2630 is operated by the 145th ARS Ohio ANG. The 'L' Below: An 'off-the-shelf' purchase of the Douglas DC9 for an aeromedical
variant had extra power from two J47 jets mounted under the wings. It is evacuation aircraft resulted in the C9A Nightingale. All the aircraft carry
pictured at Greenham Common, July 1974. The unit's home base was the red cross on the fin. 71-0881 of the 322nd TAW USAF is at Greenham
Rickenbacker AFB. Common, July 1973.
92
Left: Seen here in the stylish VVIP markings associated with the unit is 73-
1683 VC9C of the 89th MAW based at Andrews AFB. It is pictured at New
York-La Guardia, May 1989.
Below: The Convair 540 was built in Canada as the CL66A, this variant
was powered by Napier Eland turboprops. Following the Rolls-Royce take-
over of Napier the Eland was cancelled and eventually the aircraft were
re-engined with Allisons to become Convair 580s. CC109 109157 of the
Canadian Armed Forces is at Montreal, August 1974. (SGW) .
''tic
ion
\ \
~
.\ho'e: Ordered first as a navigation trainer and

en a a transport the T29 was based upon the
- j j Convair 240. T29B 51-7892 is operated by
• ,,3rd TAW at Mildenhall as a general hack. It is
• .ctured at Bentwaters, May 1972 .
.\hove: US Navy operations have used C9s in both passenger and cargo Above: C131F 141023 of NAS Mildenhall is pictured at its base. August
· Ie _C9B 162391/RT of VR60 is at Andrews AFB, May 1989. 1978. This variant is the same as the civil Convair 340.
Above: The type that the C9 replaced in the medical evacuation role was
the MC131. This was one of the variants of the Convair range of airliners.
52-5787 of 439th MAG USAF is at Liverpool-Speke collecting personnel
from the US Army base at Burtonwood, June 1968.
Above: The US Coast Guard used Convairs for a

number of years in the coastal patrol role.
HC131A 5799 of USCG Miami is pictured at its
Opa Locka base, October 1981. This station is
one of the most active in the service as it is on
the front-line in the war against drugs coming in
from South America.
Right: This turboprop Convair 580 was

purchased from a civil operator by the Bolivian
Air Force and operated as a general passenger/
cargo aircraft. TAM 70 is on charge to Esc 712,
based at La Paz, and is seen on the ramp at Santa
Cruz, November 1992.
93
Below: The largest aeroplane in the Colombian

Army is Convair 580 EJC 121. An ex-civil
aircraft it is used in a passenger/cargo role. It is
pictured at its Bogota base, September 1997.
Above: The early 1950s saw the birth of what we now know as AWACs. The US Navy were fitting
various radar sets above and below the fuselages of Lockheed Constellations. The idea was picked up
by the USAF who operated their own. EC121T 54-2307 of the 20th ADS is at Mildenhall near the end
of the service life of the type, August 1978.
Above: Before operating the much modified

'Rivet Rider' C130s the 193rd TEWS (Tactical
Above: Over half the production of the de Havilland (Canada) DHC2 Beaver went to the US military. Electronic Warfare Squadron). as they were
The US Army was the largest user of this STOL light transport. It could operate from rough fields or then known, of the Pennsylvania ANG flew
even with skis or on floats. U6A 56-60387 of the US Army is at Heidelburg, West Germany, July 1970. Lockheed Constellations. C121C 54-0157 is at
It has a gloss-green finish and full-colour national markings. Greenham Common, July 1974.
Above: The main use by the USAF for the Beaver was that of a station or Above: The Royal Dutch Air Force had just nine DHCZ Beavers. They
squadron hack. In bare metal and day-glo U6A 53-8170 'LG-170' is were delivered in November 1956 and used in the army co-operation
operated by the Wethersfield-based 20th TFW. It is pictured at Ternhill, role. S8 is at Deelen, June 1973. This aircraft has a 316 Squadron badge
September 1963. This photograph is of note as it features one of the rare on its fin. This unit was a NF5A/B unit at Gilze-Rijen indicating the
uses of the Beaver's 'LG' buzz code. (AG) Beaver's use as a hack.
Below: This Constellation is one of the shorter fuselage L749s. C121A

48-0612 of the 7101st Air Base Wing is used by the HQ USAFE for
transporting staff around NATO stations from its base at Wiesbaden. It is
pictured at Prestwick, July 1964. (AG)
Above: U6A Beaver 150191 of 31/USNTPS is used as a one-off training

aircraft for test pilots. It is pictured at its Patuxent River, MD base, May
1989. It makes an ideal test machine as it is unlikely that any of the
normal fast jet pilots going through TPS would have flown anything like
a Beaver.
94
Below: Within the British armed forces only the Army Air Corps used the
Beaver. The aircraft were built in Canada. crated and shipped to the de
Havilland factory at Chester for assembly. Beaver ALl XP772 is at Little
Rissington. August 1964. (AG)
_\hove: The executive jet has proved to be popular with air forces world- Below: January 1977 saw the sale of forty-one Dassault Falcon 20s to the
:ide. It can be used as a VIP transport for senior officers and heads of state US Coast Guard. Designated HU25A Guardians they have many extra
0: as a special role aircraft with electronic warfare systems fitted. Seen at features to fit the over-water surveillance role. As well as this standard fit
umdon-Heathrow. April 1990 is Dassault Falcon 20 TM.11-3 of Torrejon- many are specially configured for such tasks as pollution monitoring and
ed Esc 408. This Spanish Air Force unit is part of the Centro de anti-drug operations. 2108 of USCG Miami is at its Opa Locka base.
teligencia Aerea. (SGW) August 1986.
Below: Used by the French Navy for a host of

the Dassault Falcon lOMER is one of the
smaller 'biz' jets on the market. No. 133 of 3S.
based at Landivisiau. is at Fairford. July 1989.
Below: Norway's Air Force uses its Dassault Falcon 20s for both VIP and
ECM roles. 0125 of 717 Skv is seen at Liverpool-Speke. August 1979.
1
-.
Above: A small number of Piper PA3l Navajos

are used by the Finnish Air Force for transport
and communications. This is a 6/8-seater civil
transport adapted for military use. PC-3 is at
Tikkakoski. June 1998.
Right: Navajos appeared in British military

markings when the Royal Aircraft Establish-
ment obtained a _small number for liaison
duties to cover their far-flung outposts around
the UK. PA3l Navajo ZF520 is at Fairford.
July 1989.
95
Right: Now that Hungary is a member of NATO

it is looking to upgrade equipment to western
types. The first items are the 'sharp end' fast jets
but the transports will no doubt follow.
Antonov An-26 02204 is seen at Boscombe
Down, June 1992.
Above: Designed to replace the IL-14 piston- Below: The logical development for the An-24 was Above: Following the conflict over Kosovo.
engined transports the Antonov An-24 (NATO to give it a rear loading ramp for easy loading of aircraft from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
code-name Coke) had the same basic layout as a bulky cargo and having the ability to air drop it. are unlikely to be seen outside that much-
number of late 1950s turboprops, i.e. high wing This new aircraft was designated the Antonov shrunken state. Antonov An-26 71385 is pictured
and twin engines. It is used by a number of An-26 (NATO code-name Curl). It was sold to at Hradec KraIove in the Czech Republic, August
countries as a military transport. 2903 of many communist and third world states. 2507 is a 1998, before the armed clash with NATO. It was
LETKA 321 of the Slovak Air Force is at Czech Air Force An-26 of 1 DVLP. It is at there to support aircraft from the national
Fairford, July 1998. Mildenhall, May 1993. Note the rear ramp is down. aerobatic team. (PJD)
Above: Antonov An-24 5803 of 61 DLT is

operated by the Czech Air Force. It is seen at
Below: The French Navy found a replacement

for the Flamant in the avajo. They were used
as unit hacks to ferry people and parts to the
required locations. No. 916 of 3S is at Toussus-
Ie-Nobel, May 1977.
Left: This Antonov An·26 of the Slovak Air

Force is seen at Mildenhall, May 1996. Operated
by 1 LETKA/32 ZmDk it is based at Piestany.
96
Below: Seen here in an all-over grey is Antonov An-26 1406 of Polish Air
Force unit 13PLT. It is pictured at its Krak6w/Balice base, April 1998. (PJD)
Above: When the two Germanys reunited the

Luftwaffe found itself with a number of An-26s.
These were only operated for a couple of years
before being disposed of. 52+06 of TS24 is at
Cottesmore, July 1991.
Left: The most powerful of the twin Antonov

range is the An-32 (NATO code-name Cline).
Its engines are mounted over the wing and are
nearly twice the shaft horsepower of the
An-24. It has an excellent 'hot and high'
performance. FAP327 of Grupo 8, Peruvian Air
Force, is on the ramp at its Lima base,
September 1997. Note it has a very smart
colour scheme; this particular aircraft is
configured for passengers.
Above: Based upon the airframe of the An-24 the Antonov An-30 (NATO
code-name Clank) is a dedicated survey and photographic platform. The clear-
\iew nose is the recognition point. 04(Black) of the Russian Air Force is used
or the 'Open Skies' policy of overflights. It is pictured at Fairford, July 1999.
Below: Another 'Open Skies' Antonov An-30 is this Czech Air Force Above: First flown in 1947, the French Dassault MD312 Flamant had three
example. Note it carries the titles for its role on the fin. It is operated by versions: transport, six-seat passenger or bombing and navigation trainer.
c1Dplet. It is seen at Fairford, July 1998. No. 142 is seen in the passenger role at Odiham, September 1966. (AG)
Above: Developed by Armstrong Whitworth (then HS) the Argosy was a

medium-range tactical transport for the RAF. Four Rolls-Royce Dart
turboprops provided power. It was a twin-boom aircraft and the rear doors
could be opened in flight for supply drops. Argosy Cl XN817 is at
Coltishalt September 1971. It is operated by the A&AEE hence the non-
standard colour scheme.
97
,....
Below: Defence cuts curtailed the service life of
the Argosy. The last unit to use the type were 115
Squadron; their role was to provide radar
calibration duties from their base at Brize Norton.
Argosy El XN855 is at Abingdon, June 1977.
Above: Canadair's CL44 used the same wing, tail surfaces and undercarriage as the Britannia, the
fuselage was however longer. The powerplants also differed being Rolls-Royce Tynes. Most
commercial operators had the CL44D-4 with a swing tail for ease of loading cargo. The CL44-6 for the
Royal Canadian Air Force lacked this feature and had cargo doors both front and rear on the port side.
They were known in service as the Yukon. CC106 15922 is at London-Gatwick in August 1968.
Above: Introduced in 1959 the Bristol Britannia

gave the RAF a long-range turboprop troop
carrier to cover the world-wide bases then in
Above: Entering service in 1948 the Handley Page Hastings had a long service life. Its role was as a operation. Britannia Cl XM489 of 99 Squadron
long-range transport powered by four 1675 hp Bristol Hercules radial piston engines. Hastings C1A is at St Mawgan, August 1974. Defence cuts had
TG527 of 36 Squadron, RAF Transport Command, is at Odiham, September 1966. (AG) the type out of service two years later.
Above: The Antonov An-2 (NATO code-name Colt) has been built in larger Above: Russia was naturally the main user of the Antonov An-2. One
numbers than any other post-war aircraft. It is a large, single-engined large user is DOSAAF; this translates as 'Voluntary Society for the
biplane able to carry up to fourteen passengers. It can be operated from Support of the Army, Aviation and Fleet'. It operates as a paramilitary
rough strips, on skis, or floats; it is almost the perfect utility aircraft. 147 organisation with its aircraft in military marks. Among its functions are
of the 3rd Transport Esk of the Latvian Air Force is seen at its base, flying and parachute training. 34(White) of DOSAAF is at Chaika,
Lielvarde, May 1995. Note the exotic markings on the fuselage. (JDS) August 1991.
Right: The T5 model of the Hastings was developed to train bomb aimers.
It had a large ventral radome under the fuselage containing the radar set.
Hastings T5 TG511 of 230 OCu/SCBS (Strike Command Bombing School)
is at St Mawgan, July 1974.
Left: Like with so many types the A&AEE at Boscombe Down was the last
user of the Hastings. Hastings C1A TG500 is at its base, March 1971. Note
the extended nose and underwing tanks.
98
Below: The Finnish Air Force uses its three Learjets to perform a multitude
of tasks. These include target towing, aerial mapping, electronic warfare
training and maritime patrol. Learjet 35A LJ3 is pulled from its hangar
with a target towing device under the wing. It is operated by the 1st Flight
of the Air Support Squadron at Tikkakoski where it was photographed in
June 1998.
---~.
_\hove: As with many business jets the Learjet Below: Built in Brazil by Embraer, the EMB121 Xingu is a six-passenger, pressurised corporate
has many functions in the air arms that it serves. turboprop. The powerplants are two P&W (Canada) PT6s. The French military are major users of the
This USAF example C21A Learjet 84-0113 is type. 52S (French Navy) operates the aircraft from its base at Lahn-Bihoue in the role of navigator
operated as a passenger aircraft by the 1402nd trainers. No.79 is seen at Finningley, September 1991.
_IA and is seen at Andrews AFB, May 1989.
Below: The Pilatus PC6 Porter has been built with

both piston and turboprop power. The aircraft is a
. gle-engine, high-wing utility type with STOL
ormance. V-615, a turbo, of the Swiss Air
~on::e is seen at Diibendorf, August 1987.
Below: The powerplants on the twin-engined Piaggio P166 are distinctive

in that they act as pushers with the propellers being on the trailing edge of
the wing. Italian-built, their role is communications between bases. A
number are however configured for photo survey work and have vertical
mounted cameras in the fuselage. Such an ex!!,mple is P166DL-3 MM25154
303-21 of 303 Gruppo. It is pictured at Co' 1re, June 1988.
: Conceived as a joint venture between

-' 0 and Douglas the PD808 business jet
to ell in the civil market. It was however
ed by the Italian Air Force which uses it
- multiple tasks. PD808GE MM61955 is
ed by 14 Stormo from its base at Pratica di
~. Its role is electronic warfare training.
t:: Pilatus PC6B Turbo Porter No. 889, ofthe

ch Army is seen at Fairford, July 1999. The
tb of the nose of the turboprop is apparent
. view.
99
Below: Developed from the earlier Nord 260 the 262 Fregate is a twin-engine, high-wing light
transport. It sold in both civil and military markets. No. 79 of 2S, French Navy, is seen departing
Fairford, july 1985.
Above: Polish designed and built the PZL Wilga

is an all-purpose light aircraft. Uses include
parachute training, glider towing and liaison
duties. PZL 104A-35A Wilga 75(Red) of
DOSAAF is at Zhukovsky, August 1995.
Above: A general-purpose light transport of very Above: A number of South American air forces Below: The most important VIP operation in
rugged construction the Britten-Norman operate airlines to go where the commercial Britain used to be that of the Queen's Flight of
Islander has found many military customers. As airlines cannot afford to run services and do so the RAF. The four-engine safety of the type was
well as a multi-role Iraison aircraft it can be in the public eye. The Iranian Air Force operates a factor in the selection of the de Havilland
configured with underwing hard points for a cargo airline and keeps a very low profile. Heron for the unit's operations. Heron CC3
. attack duties or with a nose radar for maritime Boeing 747-259F EP-SHH/5-8114 of SAHA is XH375 is at Odiham, September 1966, in a very
patrol. BN2A Islander B-06 of the Belgian Army seen at Sharjah, UAE, March 1997. bright colour scheme. (AG)
is at Middle Wallop, july 1982.
Above: The Cessna 210 Centurion is a 4/6-seat,

high-wing (no strut) single-engined touring
aircraft designed for the civil market. Some
military use can be found. FAB 228 of the
Bolivian Air Force is at La Paz, November 1992.
Left: Brazil's Bandeirante has been a great hit as a feedliner for civil
transport. Its military uses are many, either as a 'standard' light transport
or as a specialist multi-role with hardpoints and radars. FAC 1271 of the
Colombian Air Force is on the ramp at Bogota, September 1997. It is
operated from there by Esc 712 as a transport.
Right: The de Havilland DHl14 Heron is a big brother to the Dove. It is

longer by ten feet and has four engines. They have been used for VIP roles
and as illustrated by the RNAS Yeovilton station flight. Sea Heron Cl
XR442 was photographed at Lee-on-Solent in july 1987.
100
Below: The 125 is also used as a VIP aircraft for

members of the royal household and
government ministers. BAe 125 CC3 ZD703 of
32 (The Royal) Squadron arrives at Fairford,
July 1999. This unit, which has been flying VIPs
for many years, adopted the new title when the
Queen's Flight was abolished.
~ .
•_ • ~".;Cl". -"_ .-:.,
Below: On some occasions government ministers Above: As with many air arms and business jets, Below: The SAAB T17 Supporter is used by the
\'ant to arrive with a low profile. This 32 the 125 has been used for a multitude of tasks. Danish Air Force flying school at Karup to
Squadron aircraft has the colours toned down as RAE Bedford used DH(HS) 125 1B XW930 for screen pilots for all three services. The type can
well as unpublished self-defence systems. BAe flight systems development, note the nose and has been fitted with hard points for an
125 CC3 ZE395 is at Fairford, July 1991. probe. It is seen arriving at Fairford, July 19S5. offensive role. T427 is at Mildenhall, May 1992.
Below: Built at Prestwick by Scottish Aviation the Twin Pioneer was a Below: In service since 1966, the de Havilland (now BAe) Dominie is a
rugged STOL light transport. With a fixed undercarriage it was powered by variant of one of the early business jets, the DH125. Its role within the RAF
\"0 Alvis Leonides 640 hp air-cooled radial piston engines. Operated by the is that of a navigation trainer. The equipment fitted for this task has been
R:\F it mainly served east of Suez. The last British military operator was the updated over the years to reflect the types of aircraft that the trainees will
Empire Test Pilots School. This gave pilots a chance to fly a type they would fly in when qualified. Dominie T1 XS712/A of 6 FTS is at Valley, August
not be at all familiar with. XT610 is at Greenham Common, July 1973. 1973 in the red/white training colours.
Left: The Beagle 206 was a British made 5/S-seat

cabin monoplane powered by a pair of Rolls-
Royce Continental piston engines. Twenty were
built for the RAF as the Basset CC1 and they
were used by a number of communications
squadrons. Xsno was the last on charge being
used by the A&AEE at Boscombe Down. It is
pictured at Finningley, September 19S4.
Right: Noted for its swept-forward wings the

HFB 320 Hansa is a business jet with a military
role. This was one of ECM duties with the
Luftwaffe. Hansa ECM 16+28 of Jbg 32 is at
101
Below: Operated by Kaln-Bonn based LTS1, this Luftwaffe Canadair

CL601 Challenger, 12+02, is seen at Zurich, August 1987. It is used in the
VIP role.
Above: Built by Morane-Saulnier, the MS760 Paris is a four-seat, twin jet Below: One of the most stylish aircraft in military liaison work is the Piaggio
liaison aircraft. The powerplants are a pair of 882 Ib (400 kg) Turbomeca P180 Avanti. The wing is set at the rear fuselage with foreplanes on the
Marbore turbojets. No. 33/F-YETD is operated by the French Navy in a nose; much use is made of carbon fibre in the construction. MM62164 of the
liaison role and is pictured at Greenham Common, July 1974. Italian Air Force Test Centre (RSV) is at Yeovilton. July 1994.
Above: First flown as a twin, production Below: In full camouflage colours C140B Jetstar 59-5962 of 1866th Flight Checking Squadron of the
Lockheed Jetstars have four rear-mounted Air Force Communications Service departs Fairford, July 1985. This unit, based at Scott AFB, IL, had
engines. The type is used for among other tasks five aircraft for calibration duties.
the transport of VIPs. C140B 61-2491 of the 58th
MAS is at Greenham Com\llon, July 1983.
Above: The Danish Air Force operates examples

of both the top of the range business jets.
Pictured is VIP-configured Canadair CL604
Challenger C-066 of Esk 721, based at Vaerlose.
It is seen at Fairford, July 1999.
Right: Turkish Air Force unit 224 Filo flies a

number of different types of aircraft, both fixed
and rotary wing. Seen at its Ankara-Etimesgut
base is Cessna 560 Citation 93-7026. This
design is one of the smaller range of business
jets. It was photographed in May 1998. (PJD)
102
Below: Seen at Lemoore, CA (October 1979) is

thi US Navy RU9D Aero Commander from
China Lake. It is an ex-USAF aircraft and carries
the serial 576184 in a navy style.
Above: Cessna's 550 Citation is an earlier model

of the 560 and has many differences. U20-03 01-
407 of Spanish Navy unit Esc 004 is seen on a
visit to Yeovilton from its base at Rota, July 1994.
Left: At one time practically every RAF base

operated an aircraft as th'e 'Station Flight'.
During the 1950s and 1960s it was most likely to
be an Avro Anson. This type had served well as
early variants joined RAF service in 1936.
Anson C19 VL306 of Waddington Station Flight
is at Odiham, September 1964. (AG)
Below: Avro Anson C19 VM352 can claim to have been the last Anson in
British military service. It was operated by RAE Llanbedr (note the Welsh
dragon on nose) and is pictured at Boscombe Down, March 1971.
Above: The ETPS at Boscombe Down used a pair of Viscounts for both
training test pilots and for transporting the class to visit other sites.
Viscount 744 XR801 is at its base, March 1971.
Left: Military use of the Vickers Viscount has

been low. In the UK they have been used in
small numbers as trials aircraft. Viscount 837
XT575 is from RAE Bedford and used as a radar
test bed. Note the dish under the front fuselage.
It is pictured at Fairford, July 1985.
Right: This Aero Commander 695, FAC 5553, is

used for VIP transport by the Colombian Air
Force. It is at Bogota, September 1997.
103
Right: Following the transport version, the next

service variant of the Valetta was a flying
classroom for navigation training. Valetta T3
Wj478/T is at Odiham, September 1966. Note
the four astrodomes on the cabin roof. (AG)
Above: A military variant of the Vickers Viking Below: Boeing's 727 model made record sales in Below: The Vickers Varsity was used as an
airliner, the Valetta was used by the RAF in the civil market but few military ones. A mix of advanced trainer for pilots converting to heavy
Transport Command. The main difference both is Ecuadorian Air Force airline TAME multi-engined types and to train bomb aimers.
between the types was that the Valetta had a (Transportes Aereos Mercantiles Ecuatorianos). To facilitate this latter task the under fuselage
strengthened floor and a cargo-loading door. As Its task is to run services that may not appeal to pannier had a bomb aiming position together
with a number of types the A&AEE was the last commercial operators, although this does not with rear doors for practice bombs. WF331/M
user. Valetta C1 Wj491 is at its Boscombe Down apply to all routes flown. Boeing 727-134 HC- Varsity of 5 FTS is at Valley, August 1973.
base, March 1971. BLF is at Latacunga AFB, September 1997.
Below: New Zealand's air force operates a pair

of 727s in a mix of transport and VIP roles.
Boeing 727-22C NZ7271 of 40 Squadron, based
at Auckland, is seen at Boscombe Down,
june 1992.
Above: The sole American military use of the

727 is with the Air National Guard Bureau. C22B
83-4616 is operated by 113th FW/201st AS at
Andrews AFB, MD. It is pictured at Fairford,
july 1989. Note the lack of titles on this aircraft.
Left: Sold to only two air arms (Jordan &

Malaysia) the Handley Page Herald was
marketed as a Dakota replacement. A high-wing,
twin Rolls-Royce Dart powered airliner, it was
the least successful, in sales terms, of that class of
aircraft. HPR7 Herald 401 FM-1024 of the Royal
Malaysian Air Force is seen at Farnborough prior
to delivery, September 1964. (AG)
104
Below: Built in IsraeL the IAI Arava is a light. twin-boomed. fixed-

undercarriage cargo transporter with rough field capability. It has sold well
in Central and South America. FAG 880 of the Guatemalan Air Force is at
Prestwick. October 1976.
Below: With the same powerplant and a similar size and layout. except for Above: IAI Arava 201 GN8595 is operated by the Venezuelan National
the twin tail fins. the Max Holste MH1512M Broussard was the French Guard. part of the army. It is at Miranda AFB, Caracas. November 1992.
equivalent of the Beaver. No. 18 is seen at Chateaudun. june 1977. This unit operates its aircraft in full colour markings.
Above: Sweden has produced a complete

AWACs package. This Swedish Air Force
SAAB 340 has been mated with sideways-
looking Ericsson airborne reconnaissance
radar. Tpl00 Argus 100003 of F16M from
Malmslatt is at Fairford, july 1998.
Left: The Reims Aviation-Cessna F406 Caravan

II is a twelve-seat-plus utility transport powered
by two P&W (Canada) PT6s. No. 0010 is operated
by French Army unit 3eGHL. It is used to train
anti-aircraft gunners by towing targets on the
end of a cable up to seven kilometres long. It is
pictured at Boscombe Down, june 1992.
Below: Seen here in an all-over camouflage is

L-\.I Arava FAC 1952 of the Colombian Air Force.
It i on the ramp at Bogota. September 1997.
Right: This SAAB 340 (Tp100) of Swedish Air

force unit F16 i configured for passenger
carriaoe. It i at Fairford. July 1995.
105
Right: Piston power in the US ANG units came

to an end with a programme called ANGOSTA
(ANG Operational Support Turboprop Aircraft).
Beginning in 1987 C131s were replaced with
Beech C12s or as illustrated a Fairchild C26A
Metro. 86-0455 of the 103rd TASS Pennsylvania
ANG is at London, Ont, June 1990. The unit was
equipped with OAI0As with the Metro acting
as a unit liaison aircraft.
Below: The Czech-built LET 410 Turbolet was

built in large numbers following its adoption
by the Soviet airline Aeroflot as its standard
feeder liner. Many Eastern Bloc air forces also
used it in a variety of roles. When the two
German states reunited the Luftwaffe took over
a number of former GDR machines. 53+09
LET 410UVP of 3 LTS/FBS from Berlin/Tegal is
Below: Powered by a single PT6A turboprop Above: First flown as long ago as 1945 the de Below: In Swedish Air Force service each
the Socata TBM700 is a seven-seat passenger Havilland DH104 Dove sold well to both civil aircraft is given a specific type number. The
liaison aircraft. No. 99 is a French Army and military operators. Dove 8A 201 of the Irish Fairchild Metro is known as Tp88. 88003 of the
(i'Armee de Terre) example at Fairford, July Air Corps is at its Baldonnel/Casement base, FMV, at Malmsliitt, is seen in its all-over
1997. August 1977. camouflage at Ljungbyhed, August 1996. (PJD)
Below: Replacing HS748s the BAe 146 joined the then Queen's Flight of Below: Known as the Devon in RAF sllOvice the Dove was used as a utility
the RAF in 1986. The military fit includes infra-red jamming devices. BAe passenger transport. Last in service was Devon C2 VP981 of the Battle of
146 CC2 ZE701 is seen landing at Liverpool-Speke, March 1991 with HM Britain Memorial Flight. Its task was to act as a crew ferry and to take
Queen Elizabeth 11 onboard. ground engineers to the locations that the historic aircraft were operating
from. It is pictured at its Conningsby base, June 1989.
106
Left: A versatile type such as the LET 410 comes in different variants.
Illustrated is a LET 410FG with a glass nose for survey work. 1523 is
operated by 344 PZDLT of the Czech Air Force. It is at Hradec Kralov8.
August 1998. (PJD)
Below: The LET 610 is a bigger development of the 410; the same basic
layout is kept but scaled up. 0005 of the Czech Air Force is at Zhukovsky,
August 1995.
Below: Currently the best selling airliner in the world. in volume terms. is the Boeing 737. Military Below: The first of the jet powered Gulfstreams
use is low. The USAF operates a navigator training aircraft based upon the 200 series. Inside are was the Gulfstream 2. Powered by a pair of
console stations for twelve trainees. T43A 73-1151 of the 323rd FTW. based at Mather AFB, CA. is at Rolls-Royce Speys. it set new standards in
Travis AFB, CA, October 1979. business and VIP travel. The US Coast Guard
operates a single model. Based at Washington
National for VIP operations VC11A 01 is
pictured at Paris, june 1977.
Above: Gulfstream stretched the G3 by 54 inches (1.37 m), changed the Above: Seen here at Williams Gateway, AZ in October 1998 is C20F
engines from the Rolls-Royce Spey to the Tay and called it the Gulfstream 4. (Gulf 4) 91-0108 operated by the US Army for VIP work. The titles are
The Irish Air Corps operates a single example in a VIP role; 251 is seen at 'United States of America'. a style used by a number of VIP types.
Liverpool-Speke, April 1993.
Below: Using the same configuration as the Gulf 2 the Gulfstream 3

featured a 23-inch (61 cm) stretch and an improved wing with winglets.
The main military use is either VIP or multi-role missions. F-313 of Danish
Air Force squadron Esk 721 is at Fairford, july 1995. As well as VIP use it
can be found on SAR and fishery patrol flights.
Above: The BAClll airliner has been used by the British military in test
and trial roles. RAE Bedford operates BAC111 Series 201 XX105. It is seen
departing Fairforcl. julv 1985.
107
Right: The Douglas Dakota has been and still

remains one of the most important transport
aircraft ever. Its roles have included every use
an aeroplane can be put to. Still in service with
the RAF is Dakota C3 ZA947. It is on charge to
the BBMF as a support aircraft and as a training
machine for potential Lancaster pilots. It is
pictured in a wartime colour scheme at
Below: With a fleet of three aircraft. 4 Squadron

of the Royal Air Force of Oman operates the
BAC111 in a passenger transport role from its
base at Seeb. BACll1·485GD 551 is at Fairford,
July 1991.
Below: With the radar nose of an F104 Starfighter this Canadian Armed Above: Seen here in a wonderful day-glo colour scheme is EC47 Dakota
Forces Dakota was bound to be named ·Pinocchio'. Cf129 12859 (the C47 MM61893 14-46 of 14 Siormo. Italian Air Force. This aircraft was used for
was re-designated for CAF) is at Abbotsford. BC, August 1986. the calibration of navigation aids. It is pictured at Fairford, July 1985.
Below: Colombia operates a variety of Dakota variants. C47 FAC 1670 is in the cargo role at Madrid Above: Seen landing at Athens in June 1993 is
AFB, September 1997. Douglas C47 Dakota KN575 of the Greek Air
Force. This air arm still operates the type for
assorted duties. This particular aircraft was
supplied to the Greeks by the RAF in May 1957
and has kept its original serial.
Below: Seen here at Lima in September 1997 is

C47 Dakota AT521 of the Peruvian Navy. This
service used the type for coastal patrol work as
well as transport duties.
108
Left: A complete new lease of life came to the Dakota with the fitment of
turboprops. Basler of Oshkosh WI is one of the leading companies
converting airframes. This consists of a 40-inch (1.02 m) forward fuselage
extension and the fitting of a pair of P&W PT6A engines. Basler Turbo 67
FAC 1681 is operated by the Colombian Air Force as a flying gunship. It is
seen in its low visibility markings at Gomez AFB. Apiay, September 1997.
Below: As a civil aircraft the tall tailed Super Dakota was a flop: there were
too many C47s on the market at low prices following World War II for
people to buy a new type. The US Navy came to the rescue and ordered it
in quantity. They operated it in a transport role for many years. Cl17D
17191 of NAS Mildenhall is seen at its base. May 1969.
Above: Following release from US /USMC

ervice Cl17s were mainly sold to small civil
cargo/passenger carriers. A few found more
work in military marks. FAC 1632 is operated
by the Colombian Air Force at Madrid AFB.
September 1997.
Above: The Royal Air Force operates a number of Lockheed LlOll TriStars Above: When the call to arms came for the 1991 Gulf War two of 216
in the tanker/transport role. TriStar Kl ZD949 of 216 Squadron is at Squadron's TriStars were painted desert pink for tanking operations.
Liverpool-Speke. February 1988. TriStar Kl ZD951 is at Fairford. July 1991.
Above: The Ilyushin IL-76 (NATO code-name Candid) was developed to

replace or supplement the huge fleet of An-12s in service with the Soviet
Air Force. IL-76MD UR76413 of the Ukrainian Air Force is at Fairford.
July 1997.
.-\bove: Ilyushin IL-76s have been exported to a

mall number of countries. K2661/A of the
Indian Air Force is at Moscow Bykovo, August
1995. This air arm has twenty-four of the type in
\\'0 squadrons and operates it under the name
Gajraj (King Elephant).
Right: The airtanker variant of the IL-76 is the

IL-78 (NATO code-name Midas). It is capable of
refuelling three aircraft at once. 34(Blue) is a
Ru ian Air Force example seen at Fairford.
July 1993.
109
Right: When the Russians looked for a

replacement for the Tupolev Tu-126 (Moss)
AWACs platform the IL-76 was selected as it
had the space for all the required fittings of
such a craft. The aircraft is a co-design with
Beriev and has the designation A-50 (NATO
code-name Mainstay). 5l(Red) is at Zhukovsky,
in August 1995.
Below: An off-the-shelf type, the Douglas DC10

was selected to provide the USAF with a
strategic tanker with added transport capability.
Known as the KC10 Extender it first entered
service in 1981. KC1DA 82-0190 of the 2nd BW
is at Mildenhall, May 1985.
Above: Two DC10s were acquired from Dutch

carrier Martinair and converted to the
tanker/transport role. Unlike the KC10 these
Royal Dutch Air Force examples do not have a
boom operator at the rear of the aircraft. The
boom is controlled from the cockpit by remote
video. KDC1D T-264 of 334 Squadron is at
Fairford, july 1996.
Left: Seen here in its bright-yellow colour

scheme is de Havilland (Canada) DHC 5
Buffalo 115462 CCl15 (CAF designation) at
Hamilton, Ont, june 1990. The Buffalo is one
of a long line of tough go-anywhere STOL
transports built and operated in Canada.
Above: Camouflage soon covered the USAF fleet. KC1DA 85-0029/Sj of the 4th Above: CCl15 Buffalo 115460 of 424 Squadron, CAF is seen in a white
Wing Seymour johnson AFB, SC is pictured at Tyndall AFB, FL, April 1994. scheme at Mildenhall, August 1980. The unit was based at Trenton.
110
Left; First in a line of Canadian STOL twins the de Havilland DHC4

Caribou took to the air in July 1958. Ordered in quantity by the US Army
it was the largest type they flew. 60-3767 C7A of the California National
Guard is at Madera, August 1986.
Below: Purchased in 1976 to replace its C47s the Togo Air Force obtained
two DHC 5 Bufl'alos. 5V-MAG is seen at Paris-Orly, June 1977.
Below: Between 1965 and 1973 the Royal Thai Air Force purchased six Below: In RAF service the 748 was known as the Andover. There were two
new 748s. They are operated by 603 Squadron from Don Muang, Bangkok. distinct variants. Andover CC2 XS793 of the Queen's Flight is at
HS748-208 99-999 is at its base, November 1999. Finningley, September 1981. This model was a basic 748 with a VIP fit.
Left: The Andover Cl was a special military

freighter. The entire rear end was redesigned to
accommodate a rear-loading ramp that could
open in flight to airdrop paratroopers or cargo.
The undercarriage had a 'kneeling' facility to
lower the loading ramp to floor level. Andover
Cl XS612 of 46 Squadron RAF is at Leuchars,
September 1974.
Above: One of the successful 'Dakota

Replacements' the Avro (Hawker SiddeleyJ 748
has sold well world-wide. Powered by a pair of
Rolls-Royce Dart turboprops, it could operate
from grass runways. HS748·288 CS-03 of the
Belgian Air Force is seen at Farnborough prior
to delivery, September 1976. Note the cargo
door is open in flight. The aircraft are used for
either passenger or freight operations and are
quickly converted to either role.
Left: HS748-267 FAE 001/HC-AUK is part of the

Escuadron Presidencia] of the Ecuadorian Air
Force. The configuration inside is quite basic
with normal seats for the front 75% of the
aircraft, with the remainder having eight wider
seats in a blanked-off area at the rear. It is
pictured at its Quito base, September 1997.
111
Right: Operated by 115 Squadron the Andover

E3A was equipped as a navigation aid checker.
XS644 is seen at Abingdon. September 1990.
Below: Operated by the US Army as a battlefield

surveillance and intelligence gathering aircraft
the Grumman OV-ID has been in service since
1961. As would be expected. systems have been
updated over the years. 67-18898 of the 73rd
Cbt 1Co departs Fairford. July 1985.
Below: The Transall C160 was a joint German/French transport aircraft Below: Andover C1 PR XS596 is the British aircraft for the 'Open Skies'
powered by two Rolls-Royce Tyne turboprops. CI60D 50+09 of Luftwaffe policy of overflying the former USSR. Cameras are fitted into the fuselage.
transport unit LTG 62 is at Brawdy. May 1980. It is pictured at Fairford, July 1995.
Above: Two de Havilland (Canada) DHC8 Dash 8s were converted for the
USAF as range support aircraft. As can be seen in this picture the fuselage
side has a fairing containing phased array radar. As well as this. telemetry
equipment is fitted for the pilotless target jets flying in the range area off
the Florida coast. E9A 84-0048/WE is operated by the 475th WEG from
Tyndall AFB, FL. where it is pictured. April 1994.
Above: In the late 1970s France decided it

needed more aircraft and re-opened the Transall
production line. Twenty-five more aircraft were
built as CI60NGs (New Generation). Extra fuel
tanks were added as was an in-flight-refuelling
capability. F217 64-GQ of French Air Force
transport unit ET64 is seen landing at Athens,
June 1993.
Left: The Sud-Ouest SO-30P Bretagne was one

of the first post-war French transport aircraft. It
had a poor sales record in the civil market and
most of the forty-five production aircraft were
passed to the French military. No. 28 of the CEV
is pictured at Odiham, September 1964. (AG)
112
Below: Bolivian Air Force F27-400M TAM 90 is seen at Cochabamba,

November 1992. This model was the 'standard' military version.
Above: The biggest French transport success, post-war, has been the Sud Below: Designated C31As in US Army service two F27s are used by the
Aviation SE210 Caravelle. It sold mainly in the civil markets but was 'Golden Knights' parachute display team. This unit is part of the 18th
used for VIP operations by the French Air Force. No. 141 is at Odiham, Aviation Brigade and based at Fort Bragg NC. 51608 is seen at Reno, NV,
September 1966. (AG) September 1988.
Above: During 1975 Fokker produced a

Maritime Patrol F27. Equipped with search
radar and a twelve-hour endurance it sold in
small numbers. F27-400MPA 0.2.01 802/10 is
operated by Esc 802 of the Spanish Air Force.
From its base at Gando in the Canary Islands it
can cover a large area of the Atlantic Ocean. It is
seen at Fairford, July 1996.
Above: Engine technology had evolved a great deal Below: As a follow-on to the F2 7, Fokker Above: The Fokker F27 Friendship has been the
since the 1950s so in 1980 the USAF announced produced the F50; the military version of this is most successful of the western 'Dakota
an upgrade in the KC135 powerplants. This the F60 Utility. This is a stretched airframe (64 Replacements'. It is operated by the air arms of
involved fitting four CFM56 jets of 22,000 lb thrust; inches/1.62 m) with new generation P&W twenty-two nations. Some are special military
the original P&W J57 had 13,750 lb. KC135R Canada PW125 turboprops. Fokker 60U U.04 of variants others are civil aircraft in uniform. C-I0
62-3554 of the 19th ARW departs Fairford, July 334 Squadron, Royal Dutch Air Force, is at is an F27M Troopship of 334 Squadron, Royal
1989, showing the new, larger engines well. Fairford, July 1996. Dutch Air Force. This version has a cargo floor
and large freight door. It is at Greenham
Common, July 1974.
Above: Imperial Iranian Air Force F27-400M

5-218 is in desert camouflage. It is seen at
Farnborough prior to delivery, September 1974.
113
Below: With such a high number of C135

airframes available many have been used for test
and trial purposes. NKC135A 55-3129 of NASA
Dryden has winglets fitted as well as a large nose
probe. It is at Edwards AFB, October 1979. The
, 'in the designation indicates the conversion is
of such a degree that it is not economical to
return the aircraft to its original state.
Right: America's 'Open Skies' aircraft for the

verification of the Arms Treaty is this OC135B.
Packed with cameras it is operated by 24th
RS/55th Wing. 61-2674 is at Mildenhall, May
1995.
Above: With a production run of 800+ airframes Below: EC135N 60-0374 of ASD can be seen to Above: EC135H 61-0282 of the 10th ACCS is
the Boeing C135 was a massive boost to the 707 have a huge nose extension. This contained a pictured at Mildenhall, August 1976. The
programme. First flown in August 1956 the parabolic dish antenna and was used as a range EC135 is a flying command post with an
KC135A tanker was the most important variant instrumentation aircraft for the American space extensive communications suite for a senior
with 732 built. KC135A 60-0320 of the 93rd BW programme. It is photographed at Eglin AFB, FL, officer to link with national command structure
is at its home base, Castle AFB, CA, October 1979. October 1981. in times of crisis.
Above: To provide the special JP7 fuel for the

Lockheed SR71 reconnaissance aircraft fifty-six
KC135s were converted to KC135Q standard.
This modification required the tanker's own
fuel supply of JP4 to be isolated from the fuel
the tanker could dispense. KC135Q 58-0089 of
the 17th BW is at Mildenhall, August 1976.
Below: The RC135 range of aircraft are specialised reconnaissance variants. Below: Old civil Boeing 707s have been bought in and converted to
They are involved in such things as signals gathering, which can include E8C J-Stars (Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System) aircraft. The
radar and missile frequencies. Each aircraft seems to have a particular purpose of this mission is to detect ground traffic movements of enemy
modification for its role. RC135V 64-14844/0F is operated by 55th Wing armour and convoys. It has a range of over 100 miles (161 km). The radar
from Offutt AFB, NB. It is pictured at Mildenhall, May 1995. Note the is housed in a long 'canoe'-like fairing under the fuselage. 92-3289/WR of
extended nose and slabside fuselage fairing. the 93rd ACW is at Farnborough, September 1996.
- WR
,, ..__ -....:
ORCE
_
~
•
.~=
__- 0!1~
-_._-
,: ; .. ~ _.~ - .~'. "', l
- - -!"
-~ - "'~.• :-. • ~.~ '-'!".f ~ -; ,,. ~~
~-'6_.~ ~. . .~ r ,.. - .• -'" ~ - -
--~
114
Left: The E6A Mercury is the US Navy replacement for the EC130Q in the
TACAMO (Take-Charge and Move Out) role of communicating with
ballistic missile submarines. It carries an aerial which when deployed is
26,000 feet (7925 m) long for very low frequency transmissions. 164410
E6A of VQ4 is at Fairford, July 1998.
Below: Boeing 707s are used by many air forces world-wide for transport Above: Seen here in low-visibility markings is Italian Air Force Boeing
duties. Some were bought new, others as ex-civil airliners. Boeing 707-3J9C 707-382B MM62148 14-01 of 14 Stormo. Based at Pratica di Mare it is a
5-249 in the former category, is an Imperial Iranian Air Force example. It is tanker/transport. In its civil life it was an Air Portugal airliner. It was
seen at Farnborough, September 1976. photographed at Fairford, July 1995.
Above: South African Air Force Boeing

707-344 AF-617 is an ex-Air France aircraft.
Now operated by 60 Squadron at Waterkloof it is
an air tanker with a three~point hose and drogue
system. It is pictured at Fairford, July 1995.
Left: It is logical that an ex-Qantas aircraft

should be operated by the Royal Australian Air
Force. Boeing 707-338C A20-623 is operated by
Richmond-based 33 Squadron in the tanker/
transport role. Note the wing-mounted hose
and drogue unit. It is seen at Boscombe Down,
June 1992.
Below: Luftwaffe Boeing 707-307C 10+02 was bought new in 1968. Used in Below: World Airways was the first user of this particular Boeing 707-373C.
the transport role, it is seen at Winnipeg, June 1990. Now FAC 1201 of the Colombian Air Force it is at Bogota, November 1992.
115
Right: Used as a crew trainer for its AWACS

fleet, NATO Boeing 707-329C LX-N19996 was
first used by Belgian airline SABENA. It is at
Above: American Airlines was the original

owner of this Grupo 8 Boeing 707-323C of the
Peruvian Air Force. FAP 319/0B-1371 is at its
Lima base, September 1997.
Above: Western Airlines supplied this Boeing 707-347C to the Canadian Above: Operated by 12 Squadron at Chakala this is Pakistan Air Force
Armed Forces. CC-139 13703 of 437 Squadron is a tanker/transport. It is Boeing 707-340C 68-19866. It is an ex-Pakistan Airlines machine and is
pictured at Fairford, July 1995. pictured landing at Manchester-Ringway, April 1989.
Below: The French were a buyer of the pure

KC135 tanker. Most have been re-engined with
CFM56s. C135FR No. 472 93-CC of ERV 93 is at
Below: The most distinctive Boeing 707 variant Above: KE3A 1815 is operated by the Royal Below: Brazilian airline Varig operated this
is the AWACS (Airborne Warning and Control Saudi Air Force as a tanker to support its Boeing 707-345C before it was transferred to the
System). The rotodome above the fuselage 30 ft AWACS fleet and other combat aircraft. On air force. FAB 2402 KC137 of 2/2 Group
(9.14 m) in diameter houses the radar set. E3B charge to 18 Squadron at Riyadh it is seen at Transport is based at Galeao in a tanker/transport
77-0356/OK of the 522nd ACW is at Tyndall, FL, Mildenhall, May 1993. role. It is seen at Fairford, July 1995.
April 1994. American AWACS airframes do not
have the big fan engines.
116
Below: The Canadair CL28 Argus maritime patrol aircraft was based upon
the Bristol Britannia. However only the wing. tail surfaces and
undercarriage are the same. For long low-level flights over the ocean
neither pressurisation nor turboprops were required. First flown in March
1957 it entered service later that year. CP107 Argus 2 10741 of 449
Squadron CAF is at St Mawgan, August 1974.
Above: NATO operates a fleet of E3As as a joint force venture. LX-N90442 Below: Saudi Arabian E3A 1802 of 18 Squadron is seen at Boscombe Down,
is at Finningley. September 1984. June 1992. This unit also operates the KE3A tankers.
-' Above: Known as the Sentry AEW 1 in RAF

service the fleet is jointly used by both 8 and 23
Squadrons. Based at Waddington ZH102 is seen
at Cottesmore. June 1997.
Above: The Avro Shackleton was for many years

the mainstay of Coastal Command patrolling the
sea-lanes around Britain. It used the same wing
as the Lincoln but had a new fuselage and Rolls-
Royce Griffon engines with contra-rotating
propellers. Shackleton MR2 WR966 of 0/204
Squadron is at Odiham. September 1964. (AG)
Below: Shackleton MR3s were a new variant Above: Training for Shackleton crews was Below: Seen here in standard markings of a
featuring a tricycle undercarriage. extra range provided by the MOTU (Maritime Operational white top over sea grey is Shackleton MR3
with tip tanks plus many other improvements. Training Unit) on the T4 model. This variant XF708 of A/120 Squadron. Note the unit
WR972. in the special colours of the Royal had the armament removed and additional radar number is carried in large letters. It was
Aircraft Establishment. is at Boscombe Down. positions for trainees. WB820 of SIMOTU is at photographed at Lakenheath. May 1965. (AG)
March 1971. Odiham. September 1964. (AG)
117
Right: Shackletons found a new lease of life when twelve were fitted with
airborne early warning radar. The new variant was the AEW 2 and has a
large radome under the nose. They flew from 1972 with 8 Squadron.
WL795 is pictured at Liverpool-Speke, June 1981.
Below: Lockheed's P3 Orion maritime patrol aircraft was developed from

the L188 Electra airliner. It has matured into the most widely used ocean
patroller in the world. P3A 152166 3/PG of VP65 is at Edwards AFB,
October 1979. This US Navy reserve squadron, named 'The Tridents', is
based at Point Magu, CA.
, Below: As Orion production ran on, a new variant the P3B was introduced. Above: A special Orion variant is the EP3E. This is an electronic
Among many updates was the facility to fire the Bullpup air-to-surface reconnaissance/warfare aircraft whose role is to be able to determine the
missile. P3B Orion 153426 ofreserve squadron VP93 'The Executioners' is emissions of naval vessels. Note the under-fuselage radome. 150505
at its base, Selfridge ANGB, MI, June 1990. Note that the colourful 24IVQ2 is at Boscombe Down, June 1992. VQ2 'Batman' is based at NAS
markings are beginning to disappear. Rota, Spain.
Below: US Navy squadron VXN8, based at Patuxent River MD, is dedicated

to airborne geophysical surveying, acting as an Oceanographic
Development Unit. They fly a number of Orions in different modification
states'. 150528 05/JB is a UP3A. This variant is a P3A with ASW equipment
removed and used as a utility transport. It sports the unit's distinctive
colour scheme at its base, May 1989.
Above: The P3C became the definitive version

of the Orion. This is still being updated with
new equipment on a regular basis. P3C 158921
LF of VP16 'Eagles' is at Lakenheath. August
1975. This unit is based at Jacksonville, FL.
Below: Known in Canadian service as the

CP140 Aurora the aircraft fleet is based at either
side of that vast country in British Columbia or
Nova Scotia. 140115 of 407 Squadron is seen on
the ramp at its base at Comox, BC, May 2000.
118
Below: This 320 Squadron, Valkenburg based, P3C Orion of the Dutch
Navy features the national colours around the nose. 304 is at Boscombe
Down, June 1992.
Above: This P3B Orion of 5 Squadron, Royal New Zealand Air Force is Below: The colours have been toned down in this Australian P3C Orion. It
based at Auckland in North Island. NZ4203 is at Fairford, July 1989 in full keeps the white top but national markings are in grey. A9-658 of Edinburgh
colour markings including the Albatross insignia on the tail. SA based 11 Squadron is at Fairford, July 1989.
Above: Seen here in a two-tone grey with white Below: The 53B Viking is a reworked S3A with updated electronics. 160163 700/NE of \'-S38 'Red
undersides is Portuguese Air Force P3P Orion Griffins' is seen departing Elmendorf AFB, AK, May 2000. This unit is part of carrier air wing CVW
14804 of Esq 601. It is pictured at its Montijo 2 from USS Constellation (CV 64). It is of note in having the squadron badge in full colour on the tail.
base, March 1997. (PJD) This marking is usually an indication of either the squadron CO or the ship's CAG aircraft.
Above: Lockheed's 53 Viking was designed as a

carrier-based anti-submarine warfare aircraft. It
was a replacement for the piston-engined
Grumman Tracker. 53A 159751 700/AB ofVS32
'MauIers' is at Mildenhall, August 1978.
Left: First flown in 1961 the Breguet BR1150

Atlantic has served five nations as a long range
maritime patrol aircraft. No. 49 of French Navy
squadron 21F, based at Nimes/Garon, is at
Right: Holland only operated the Atlantic for a

few years before replacing them with the P3
Orion. 254 of Valkenburg-based 321 Squadron
is seen at St Mawgan, August 1974.
119
Below: Conceived as a Shackleton replacement

for the RAF the Nimrod was developed from the
Comet airliner. Power was provided by four
Rolls-Royce Spey engines making the Nimrod
the only pure-jet maritime patrol aircraft.
Nimrod MRl XV240 is at Valley, August 1975.
This aircraft was based at Kinloss and as normal
did not carry individual squadron markings, the
aircraft being serviced centrally.
Above: An upgrade plan started in 1975 to bring

the Nimrod MR1 up to a completely new
avionics and systems fit. The addition of in-
flight refuelling systems following the 1982
Falklands War brought the converted airframes
to Nimrod MR2P standard. XV252 is at
Cottesmore, June 1996 and shows the markings
of Kinloss based 201 Squadron. This is an
unusual addition to a Nimrod.
Below: The German Navy has been flying Below: In Italy the air force supplies the flight Above: France was one of many Neptune
Atlantics since 1966. All the fleet is operated by crews and the navy the systems operators. operators. SP2H (147)562 is at Greenham
MFG3 at Nordholz. 61+07 is seen flying at BR1150 Atlantic MM40122 30-07 of 30 Storm a Common, July 1973. On charge to navy
Greenham Common, July 1973. is at Boscombe Down, June 1992. This unit is squadron 25F, it was the last home-based P2
based at Cagliari, Sardinia. unit and was located at Lann-Bihoue.
Below: From the late 1940s into the 1970s the Lockheed P2 Neptune Below: Seen at a wet St Mawgan, August 1974 is Dutch Air Force SP2H
served the US Navy as a maritime patrol aircraft in front-line and reserve Neptune 202 from 320 Squadron at Valkenburg. This was the last main
squadron status. P2H 145905 (ex-P2V7) 7W is operated in the latter mode production variant and had power boosted by two 3400 lb thrust
at Willow Grove NAS, PA, where it is pictured, August 1970. (SGW) Westinghouse J34 turbojets under the wings.
r
7W
120
Below: The Gannet AEW3 was the airborne

early-warning version of the type. It had a large
under-fuselage radome housing the radar set.
XL749 070/E of 849 Squadron is seen at its
shore base, Brawdy. August 1968. The 'E' on the
fin is from its aircraft carrier HMS Eagle.
Below: The Ilyushin IL-38 (NATO code-name Above: Grumman's HU16 Albatross was the Below: First flown in 1949 the Fairey Gannet was
May) is a development of the IL-18 airliner. It is largest and last in a line of amphibians. It first a carrier-borne anti-submarine aircraft powered
a long-range maritime patrol aircraft with an flew in 1947 and sold to many air arms. HU16B by a single Armstrong Siddeley Double Mamba
endurance of twelve hours. 22(Red) of the AD.IB-I0 of Esc 801. Spanish Air Force. is at its turboprop. Training variants were the T2 and T5.
Russian Navy Training Regiment at Ostrov is Palma Majorca base. November 1973. The role of Gannet T5 XG883 733/BY of 849 Squadron is
pictured at Fairford. July 1996. the unit was search and rescue. seen at its base. RNAS Brawdy, August 1968.
Below: The US Coast Guard operated more than eighty Albatross aircraft in Below: Norway used HU16s in a maritime patrol role until they were
an SAR role. HU16E 1293 is at Corpus Christie. TX. October 1976. (SGW) replaced in 1969 by P3 Orions. 17202 WH/B of 330 Skv, Bodo, is seen at
St Mawgan, September 1964. (AG)
Below: One of the oldest designs currently flying off aircraft carriers is the Breguet BRI050 Alize.
Operated by the French and Indian Navy, it is an ASW aircraft powered by a single Rolls-Royce Dart
turboprop. No. 60 of 4F, French Navy. is seen at Mildenhall, May 1992.
Above: Each aircraft carrier had a dedicated

aircraft for ad hoc parts and staff transport.
These were known as COD - Carrier Onboard
Delivery - flights. Gannet COD4 XG786 074/E
from HMS Eagle is at its shore base. Brawdy,
August 1968.
121
Right: The Grumman 52 Tracker was

designed for a carrier-borne ASW track and
attack role. It was exported to many nations.
S2 Tracker 151 is a Valkenburg-based Dutch
Navy example. These were flown off the
carrier HRMS Karel Doorman. It is pictured at
Brawdy, August 1968.
Above: Seen on the ramp at Jacksonville NAS,

FL, July 1974 is U5-2C Tracker 133359/JE of
VC2 Det. JAX. This variant is a target-towing
utility aircraft hence its bright colours. (SGW)
Above: Grumman produced a COD version of the Below: Many earlier Trackers were stripped of the radar and weapons systems and had a second set
Tracker; this was the C-1A Trader. It could carry of controls added for pilot training. T5-2A 136402/0 of training squadron VT28 is at its Corpus
either nine passengers or freight. 136753 of NAF Christie, TX base, October 1976. {SGWj
Mildenhall is se.en at Lakenheath, August 1975.
Above: Trackers were used by the Australian

Navy when they had an aircraft carrier. The last
one, HMAS Melbourne, was scrapped in 1983.
5-2E N12-153598 841 of 816 Squadron is seen
at Greenham Common, June 1977.
Below: The most radical development of the Tracker was the E-1B Tracer. Below: The current carrier-borne AWACS is the Grumman E2C Hawkeye.
This was a carrier-based airborne early warning aircraft. The radar, rotating This is a turboprop powered by a pair of Allison T56s of 4910 shp. First
at 6 rpm, was housed in a fixed 17 ft 6 in (5.33 m) diameter radome. E-lB delivered to the fleet in 1964 the basic shape has remained the same but
148912 701/GE of RVAW120 is at Norfolk NAS, VA, May 1972. (SGW) the electronics have been improved beyond all recognition. E2C 159109
Ol2/AD of VAW120 'Cyclones' is pictured at Hamilton, Ont, June 1990.
This squadron is the East Coast Fleet Replenishment unit.
122
Right: The Westland Dragonfly was a British-built version of the Sikorsky

S51. A single 550 hp Alvis Leonides piston engine provided power.
Dragonfly HR5 WN500 904/BY is operated by RNAS Brawdy as a station
flight aircraft; it is pictured there in July 1962. (AG)
Below: Westland in England built the H34 under licence as the Wessex. All
the UK aircraft were powered by a Napier Gazelle gas turbine engine giving
more power than piston H34s. Wessex HAS 3 XM927 660/PO from 737
Squadron. Royal Navy. is at Brawdy. May 1980. The HAS 3 was an anti-
submarine strike helicopter armed with two homing torpedoes.
Below: One of the most successful helicopter designs was the Sikorsky Above: The Bristol Sycamore was the RAF's first British-designed helicopter.
H34 Choctaw. The users included the German Navy who operated it in the Duties included air-sea rescue from locations around the British Isles. Sycamore
SAR role. SH34 80+94 of MFG5 is at Lee-on-Solent. July 1972. HR14 XJ917 S-H of the CFS is at its Ternhill base, September 1963. (AG)
Above: With the Hawkeye in service a COD

version was soon developed. This was much
needed as the previous COD aircraft, the Trader.
had piston engines and thus ran on petrol. No
current carrier-based aircraft used this type of
fuel and so ships stopped tanking it. The Trader
was range-limited as it had to depart its shore
base and fly to and from the carrier without
being able to fill its tanks. The Greyhound. as
the new aeroplane was called, was a much
bigger airframe and could carry up to thirty-
nine passengers. C2A Greyhound 162140 of the
Naval Air Test Centre is seen at its Patuxent
River. MD base. May 1989.
Above: Sud Aviation in France licence built the

H34. Belgium was one of the recipients of these.
H34A B5/0T-ZKE of 40 Heli-Sma/dee/ is at Lee-
on-Solent. July 1972.
Right: RAF use of the Wessex was two-fold.

First there was the troop/cargo carrier for the
Armv and the other role was the SAR. Wessex
HC2 'XS679 WG/2 FTS is at Waddington. July
1993. Shawbury-based 2 FTS was the RAF's
rotar\'-wing training unit.
123
Below: Operated by Portland NAS as an SAR

helicopter, Wessex HASl XS888 420/PO of 737
Squadron is seen at Lee-on-Solent, July 1972.
Above: Yellow helicopters were one of the RAF's best known sights as they were seen rescuing people
in distress around the country. Wessex HC2 XR588 of 22 Squadron is at Finningley, September 1990.
With an SAR role, this unit had flights based at locations around the UK.
Above: Twenty-six Lynx helicopters were

purchased by the French Navy. Roles include
Above: Developed as an assault helicopter for the Royal Marines the Wessex HU5 could go into action anti-submarine operations with a dunking
with guns or wire-guided air-to-surface missiles. Wessex HU5 XS479 VIV of 848 Squadron, Royal sonar. Lynx HAS 2(FN) No. 622 of 34F is at
Navy, is at Valley, August 1975. This unit was based on HMS Bulwark. Middle Wallop, July 1984.
Above: Holder of the helicopter world speed record, the Westland Lynx is Above: This Navy Lynx is defined by a wheeled undercarriage. The type is
currently one of the best selling multi-role rotary-wing craft on the market. used to operate off small ships and can carry a range of guns and missiles
There are two main versions, the land and the shipboard. Lynx AHl XZ182 together with more and more improved avionics. Lynx HAS 3 ZD262
23A of 3 CBAS Royal Marines is at Mildenhall, May 1986. Land variants 632/PO is operated by the then Portland-based 702 Training Squadron. It is
up to the Mark 9 had skid undercarriages. pictured at Abingdon, September 1990.
Below: Denmark uses its Navy Lynxes in a fishery protection role - they
are not armed. Lynx Mk 80 S-134 of Esc 722 is at Mildenhall, May 1992.
Above: Seen at Fassberg, June 1983 is a German Navy Lynx HAS 88, 83+12
of MFG3. They operate aboard frigates with the prime task of anti-
submarine warfare. Other roles such as SAR will be performed as required.
124
Below: Code-named Hind by NATO the Mil Mi-24 is a heavy attack

helicopter with troop-carrying capability. It has nose-mounted guns and
stub wing with hard points for a vast selection of rockets, bombs, etc.
Mi-24D 0703 of 331 VRLT, Czech Air Force, is at Fairford, July 1995.
Above: The Saro Skeeter was a two-seat light helicopter used mainly by Below: Developed from the Russian Mi-2 the Polish PZL W-3 Sokol is a
the Army Air Corps. Three served with the RAF. Skeeter T13 XM5561V of new design. Although larger, it has the same basic outline. PZL W3W 0810
the CFS Rotary Wing is at its base, Ternhill, September 1963. (AG) of 2 PHSZ, Polish Army, is at Krak6w/Balice, April 1998. (PJD)
Below: One of the largest European helicopters,

the Aerospatiale SA3210 Super Frelon is used
by the French Navy for ship-borne logistical
support. No. 148 of 32F is at Middle Wallop,
July 1982.
Below: With the Mi-8 being built in vast numbers there are lots of upgrades
and sub types. 08(Yellow) of the Russian Air Force is at Tushino, August
1995. This is a Hip-C with five rotor blades.
Above: Russia's Mil Mi-8 &17 (NATO code-name

Hip) range of medium transport helicopters are
to be found in the air arms of over fifty countries.
Mi-8S 94+12 of MF1, German Navy, is at
Boscombe Down, June 1992. These aircraft were
acquired with the reunification of Germany but
were soon disposed of.
Right: Mi-8T 628 of 36 SPLT is operated as a

transport helicopter by the Polish Air Force. It is
pictured at Krak6w/Balice, April 1998. (PJD)
125
Right: Seen with its back doors open is Mi-17

EJC 175 of the Colombian Army. This is the only
helicopter operated by the army. It is at Bogota,
September 1997.
Above: Thif. Peruvian Air Force Mi-17 carries Below: Used as a communications jammer, note Above: Built under licence from Aerospatiale
both civil and military identities. FAP 662/0B- the antenna array on the side, Mi-17 PPA 707 is the Westland Gazelle serves in all the UK armed
1575 is operated by Grupo 3 from its base at operated by 87HE, Hungarian Air Force. It is services. Gazelle HT3 XW852 of 32 Squadron
Lima where it was pictured, September 1997. pictured at Szentkiralyszabadja, September RAF is used as a VIP transport. It is pictured at
1997. (PJD) Fairford, July 1987.
Above: Seen on the ramp at Zokniai, May 1995

is Mi-8 01(Blue) of 13 Squadron, Lithuanian Air
Force. (JUS)
Below: Gazelle AH1 XZ347/T of 9 Regiment,

Army Air Corps, is seen at Bascombe Down,
June 1992. The sand colour relates to its use in
the Gulf War.
Left: Used by the Fleet Air Arm for pilot

training, Gazelle HT2 XW863 42/CU of 705
Squadron is at Mildenhall, June 1984.
126
Below: The Ecuadorian Army operates French-built SA342 Gazelle E373.

It is pictured at Quito, September 1997. -
Above: The replacement for the Sea King in

Royal Navy service is to be the Westland Merlin
HM1. ZH826 is operated by 700M Squadron, the
Fleet Air Arm trials unit for the type. It is
pictured at Fairford, July 1999.
Left: Bell's 204/UHl Iroquois was the most

widely produced western helicopter. For many
people the sight of one flying willi its heavy
blade sound is the image of the war in Vietnam.
Seen in the last days of full colour US Army
markings is 43697 of the 'Flying Mustangs' at
Heidelburg, July 1970. A matt-green over-all with
black insignia colour scheme soon followed.
Above: Bolivia is another country to receive UHls to stem the drugs tide.
UH-1H FAB 722 is at Santa Cruz, November 1992. Grupo Aereo 51 operates
them. The tail has the Bolivian colours on it.
Below: The main task of the Gazelle is observation, but Royal Marines Above: With thousands of UHls surplus to needs the US Government has
operations have included machine-guns and air-to-ground unguided supplied them to friendly nations. Colombia is a recipient of these to help
rockets fired from out-rigger pods. Gazelle AHl XX412/Y 3 CBAS RM is at control the drug trade. UH-1H FAC 4413 is under maintenance at Madrid
Yeovilton, August 1984. AFB, September 1997.
Above: Seen at Marana, AZ, October 1976, prior to delivery is UH-1B

FAP-116 of the Panamanian Air Force. An ex-US Army helicopter,
formerly 62-1895, it has a full colour scheme. (SGW)
127
Right: Domier in Germany built over 300 UH1s

for the Luftwaffe and German Army (Heer).
UH-1D 72+59 of Army unit HFR 10 is at
Fassberg, June 1983.
Left: Agusta in Italy licence built the UH1; these were known as the Agusta Bell AB204. Austria was
the first country after Italy to acquire the type. AB204B 4D-BW of the 3rd Helicopter Squadron is at
Hum, July 1969. (SGWj
Above: Both the Swedish Air Force and Army

operated the AB204Bs. They were given the
Above: Italian Air Force AB204B MM80331 15-26 of 15 Storm a is used in the SAR role. It is seen at local designation Hkp.3c. 03313 53/ of
Lee-on-Solent, July 1972. Armeflyskolan is at Middle Wallop, July 1984.
Above: Used by the Italian Navy for anti-submarine warfare, the Agusta
Above: The Bell 212 first flew in 1965. looking very similar to the 204. It Bell AB212ASW featured a dome-shaped bulge on the cabin roof. As well
was in fact twin-engined. Designated UH-1N, it was operated by all four of as detecting submarines it could carry torpedoes or missiles for attack.
America's fighting services. US Navy UH-1N 160827 is based onboard USS MM80943 7-11 of Gruppo 4 is at Paris, June 1977. The AB212 is the Italian-
Guadalcanal where it is pictured, October 1978. built Bell 212.
Below: AB402Bs were used by the Dutch Navy from 1961 to 1978 when
they were replaced by the Westland Lynx. 228 from 7 Squadron,
Valkenburg, is at Lee-on-Solent, July 1972.
Above: Operated by Colombian Air Force unit Esc 311 at Gomez Nino
AFB, Bell 212 FAC 4005 has the name 'Juanito' on its nose. It is pictured
at its base, September 1997.
128
Below: The Bell 412 is a 212 with four rotor blades. This reduced vibration
and noise. FAC 0004 of the Colombian Air Force Presidential Flight is at
Bogota, September 1997.
Above: Slovenia was once part of Yugoslavia Below: Bell stretched the 212 design by 8 ft (2.44 m) and installed two 2250 shp GE T700 turboshaft
but is now an independent state with a small air engines to produce the Bell 214ST (Super Transport). FAP 639/0B-1580 is operated by Grupo 3 of
arm. Bell 412EP H2.35 of 15 Brigada is at the Peruvian Air Force. It is at its Lima base, September 1997.
Fairford, July 1999. The SFOR is the UN
'Stabilisation Force'.
Below: 3 Squadron equipped with AB412SPs

operates SAR duties for the Dutch Air Force at
Leeuwarden. R.Ol is pictured at Yeovilton,
July 1994.
Below: Sikorsky CH3E 65-5697/LH is operated by 302nd SOS AFres at

Luke AFB, AZ, October 1979. The H3 was a USAF variant of the SH3 with
major design changes including a rear loading door and new undercarriage.
Above: The 412 is known in British service as

the Griffin HTl. It is used for advanced
helicopter training for Royal Air Force pilots
only at RAF Shawbury. Griffin HTl ZJ237/T is
operated by the Defence Helicopter Flying
School. It is at Fairford, July 1997.
~ Right: Following replacement in the USAF with

the CH53 the Sikorsky HH3 long-range search
and rescue helicopter was issued to two ANG
units. HH3E 65-12781 of the 129th AR&RS
California ANG is at Heywood, October 1979.
129
Below: Austria purchased two CH53Cs in 1970 and operated them for eleven years before selling
them on to Israel. 5L-MA is at North Weald, May 1972.
Above: The German Army is a major CH53 user

with most of its aircraft assembled locally.
85+08 of HFTR 15 shows its lift capability with
this underslung UH-1D at Fassberg, June 1983.
Above: Westland developed two helicopters Below: Originally developed for the US Marine Above: The Bell AH-1G Huey Cobra was
side by side; they were the Scout for the Army Corps as a heavy-lift helicopter the Sikorsky developed for the US Army. The Marines wanted
and the Wasp for the Navy. Both were basically S65 attracted the attention of the USAF for a their own version; this was the AH-1J. The
the same and were identified as 'A Wasp has long-range rescue craft. CH53C 70-1631 of biggest change was that it was twin-engined,
wheels and a Scout has skids'. The Army Air 1550th ATTW is at Biggs AAF, TX, October being powered by a pair of P&W (Canada) T400
Corps used the Scout as a general-purpose 1984. This Kirtland-based unit was tasked with turboshafts. AH·1J 159211 is at Miramar NAS,
helicopter with the capability for firing anti-tank rescue training. CA, October 1976. (SGW)
rockets. Scout AH1 XP849 was passed on to the
ETPS for test pilot training. It is pictured at
Yeovilton, July 1994.
Above: Operated by 705 Squadron Fleet Air

Arm for basic helicopter training, the Hiller
HT2 served in this role from 1963 until 1975. A
single 305 hp Lycoming piston engine powered
it. XS162 is at Portland, August 1974.
Below: Royal Navy use of the Wasp was as a light anti-submarine attack
platform armed with homing torpedoes or depth charges. With a folding
tail it flew from the rear decks of frigates. Wasp HAS1 XS452 441 of 829
Squadron is based on HMS Falmouth. It is seen at Valley, August 1973.
Above: The Boeing Vertol H46 Sea Knight was produced for the US Marine
Corps as an assault troop carrier. It could carry seventeen fully equipped
Marines or a 4000 Ib cargo load. CH46F 155313 l/YS of HMM162 is aboard
USS Guadalcanal, October 1978.
130
Below: The H46 is operated by the Canadian

Armed Forces as the CH113A Labrador. Its
tasks are search and rescue. 11307 of 442
Squadron is seen at its home base Comox, BC,
May 2000.
Below: Known in Swedish service as the Hkp4, Above: With its big bubble cockpit the Bell 47G Below: Licence-built by Westland the Bell 47
this helicopter is a Japanese-built Boeing Vertol is one of the best-known helicopters in the was known in the British military as the Sioux.
107. The Swedish Navy operates Kawasakil world. It set many records and proved what a Most went to the Army but a number of dual-
Vertol 107 04063. Roles include anti-submarine reliable machine it was. OH-13H 56-2166 of the control machines were operated by the RAF
operations and SAR. It is pictured at Middle US Army is at Heidelburg, July 1970. Army uses Central Flying School. Sioux HT2 XV313 E/CFS
Wallop, July 1984. included observation and casualty evacuation. is at Valley, August 1973.
Below: Since it first flew in 1961 the Boeing Vertol H47 Chinook has Below: Operated by 1 Reggimento of the Italian Army at Viterbo CH47C
developed out of all recognition. Originally powered by two 2200 shp Chinook MM80844 EI-822 is at Middle Wallop, July 1982. The type's roles
Lycoming T55 turboshafts the latest model has engines rated at 4500 shp, include heavy transport and paratroop training.
over twice the power. Avionics have also been upgraded. CH47C 4.201 of
the Imperial Iranian Air Force is at Paris, June 1971. Most of the Iranian
Chinooks went to the Army. (JDS)
Left: Operated by the RAF in support of the

Army, British Chinooks have all been upgraded
to the latest standards. Chinook HC1 ZA707
EV 17 Squadron is flying at Finningley,
September 1986.
Right: The largest user of the Chinook is the US

Army. Seen flying over its home base of Fort
Wainwright, AK, is CH47D 89-0171. This
aircraft is operated by Co.B 4-123rd AVN. It is
of note that the undercarriage has skis fitted to
it to suit the severe climate of Alaska. It was
photographed in May 2000.
131
Below: Designed by Eurocopter (Aerospatiale), the SA330 Puma has sold to

twenty-seven air arms. It is a medium-size transport helicopter powered by
two Turbomeca Turmo units of 1575 shp. SA330 Puma 19504 of Esq 751,
Portuguese Air Force, is at its home base of Montijo, March 1997. (PJD)
Above: Westland at Yeovil built the RAF Pumas. They are operated in Below: Known as the Hkpl0 in Swedish service, the Super Puma is used
support of the Army. Puma HCl XW220 of CZ/33 Squadron. in Gulf War for long-range SAR missions. 10412 89/F15 of the Swedish Air Force has
desert colours, is at Fairford, July 1991. bright colours for its rescue role. It is pictured at Fairford, July 1996.
Above: French Army Puma No. 1214/ADL of Below: Super Puma was the name given to the SA332. As its name implies it was a development with
6 erne RHC is seen at Fairforc\, July 1985. The more powerful engines as well as many other modifications. SA332M Super Puma T-311 is operated
French Army operates over 130 Pumas. by the Swiss Air Force in a transport role. It is pictured at Dubendorf, August 1987.
obtaining the first in 1968. Over the years there
have been many upgrades.
Above: RAF Whirlwind use was widespread

and included a number with the Central Flying
School for the training of flying instructors.
Whirlwind HAR10 XP360 WV/CFS is at
Abingdon, June 1968.
Right: A licence-built Sikorsky S55, the

Westland Whirlwind served in both the RAF
and FAA. Whirlwind HAS7 XN359 TICU of 847
Squadron is at Brawdy, July 1963. The unit's
role was as a commando carrier for the Royal
Marines. A single Alvis Leonides Major engine
of 750 hp powered the HAS7. (AG)
132
Below: Ordered by the USAF as a crash rescue

and airborne fire fighter the Kaman H43 Huskie
first flew in 1958. Powered by a single Lycoming
T53 turboshaft of 860 shp the design had two
intermeshing rotors. HH43F 59-1564 is at Lee-
on-Solent, July 1972.
Above: Later versions of the Whirlwind were

turbine-powered with a single Bristol
Siddeley Gnome of 1050 shp. Whirlwind
HAR10 XP403 of 202 Squadron is in the
famous yellow rescue colour. The winch can
be seen over the doorframe. It is pictured at
Finningley, July 1977.
Left: First flown in 1959 the Kaman H2

Seasprite serves to this day. The type's role on
US Navy warships is anti-submarine. VH2A
Seasprite 149032 HT/157 of HC4 is aboard USS
Guadalcanal, August 1970.
Below: Seen at Middle Wallop, July 1982, is Agusta Al09 AE-331/CC. The
former operator was the Argentine Army who had it armed with rocket
pods and miniguns. It had been captured at Port Stanley during the
Falklands War the previous month. Later given the British serial ZE411 it
operates today in a support role for the Special Forces.
Above: Built by Sud (now Aerospatiale), the Alouette II was a very

successful general-purpose light helicopter. Purchased by over twenty-five
countries military use includes casualty evacuation and observation. SE3130
Alouette II V-43 of the Swiss Air Force is at Dubendorf, August 1987.
Left: The Mil Mi-2 (NATO code-name Hoplite)

helicopters were all manufactured by PZL in
Poland. A light eight-passenger machine, it is
the standard Russian training craft. 23(White) of
the Russian support unit DOSAAF is at
Monino, August 1991.
Right: The McDonnell Douglas (Hughes) AH64

Apache is one of the most advanced and
formidable attack helicopters being built today.
Its main weapon is up to sixteen Hellfire long-
range laser-guided missiles for anti-tank duties.
22248, the YAH64A prototype, is seen at
Middle Wallop, July 1982.
133
1000. IlLITARY AIRCRAFT IN COLOUR
Below: Belgium's Navy operates ju.t three

Alouette Ills for liaison work with ships and in
an SAR role at Koksijide. MlIOT·ZPA is at
Below: Swiss Air Force Alouette Ills are used for Above: Between 1963 and 1974 the Irish Air Below: Built on the success of the Alouette II
utility transport and SAR duties. A total of Corps obtained a total of eight Alouette Ills. came the Alouette III. It had a larger cabin, more
eighty-four were obtained in the early 1960s. Roles included Army liaison and support as powerful engine and improved equipment. The
SE3160 Alouette III V-260 is at Diibendorf, well as SAR duties. SE3160 Alouette 111196 is at rear fuselage was covered-in. A-499 is a Dutch Air
August 1987. Baldonnel/Casement, August 1977. Force example operated by 'The Grasshoppers'
display team. It is seen at Fassberg, June 1983.
Below: The German Army operated 300+

Alouette helicopters. Alouette II 76+85 of
FTR10 is at Fassberg, June 1983.
Above: Seen at Lee-on-Solent, July 1972, is

Alouette III M.019 ofEsk 722, Danish Air Force.
The type was later transferred to the Navy
Flying Service. Note the large inflatable floats.
Left: Sikorsky won the competition to supply a

UH1 replacement for the US Army. The new
helicopter was the UH60 Blackhawk. Since
entering service in 1979 the type has evolved
and been exported. UH60L FAC 4122 of the
Colombian Air Force is at Madrid AFB,
September 1997.
134
Below: A special rescue version of the Blackhawk is the HH60G Pave

Hawk. This can be identified by such extra features as an extendable flight
refuelling probe and a radome that houses a weather avoidance/ground
mapping radar. 92-26470 of the 210th RS Alaska ANG is at its home base
of Kulis ANGB, May 2000. This unit also fits skis to the undercarriage for
both snow and soft ground landings.
Below: Produced by Eurocopter as an Alouette replacement the AS350 Above: Known in UK service as the Squirrel, the Ecureuil is operated by the
Ecureuil is a light multi-purpose helicopter operated by sixteen air arms. Defence Helicopter Flying School at Shawbury to give basic flying training to
AS350B E321 of the Ecuadorian Army is at Guayaquil, September 1997. pilots from all three services. Squirrel HTl ZJ260 is at Fairford, July 1997.
Above: Sikorsky's S64 Skycrane was a heavy lift

flying crane helicopter. A pod was designed for
the machine to straddle and lift. The Nevada
National Guard operates CH54A Tarhe 67-
18426. It is pictured flying at its Reno-Stead
base, September 1988.
Left: The Bell 206 Jel Ranger is one of the most

popular helicopters on both the civil and
military market. US Army use is observation
and liaison. OH58A Kiowa 71-20554,
51/US TPS, is on loan to the USN Test Pilots
School at Patuxent River, May 1989.
RighI: Operated by Esc 3 of the Ecuadorian

Navy, Bell 206B HN-317 is at its Guayaquil base.
September 1997.
Above: Canada has two designations for the Bell

206: CH136 for the OH58A equipped with a 317
shp Allison T63 engine; and CH139 for the 206B
equipped with the 400 shp Allison 250. Bell
CH139 139302 is at Winnipeg, June 1990.
135
Right: A second contender for the Mi-24

replacement is the Mi-28 (NATO code-name
Havoc). This is another small but heavily armed
craft. 014(White) Mi-28N is at Zhukovsky,
August 1995. This helicopter is equipped with
an under-nose sensor package with forward
looking infra-red and low-light TV.
Below: The Hughes SOO was developed from the

369/0H6 light observation helicopter. The type
is renowned for its manoeuvrability. Colombian
Air Force Hughes 500E FAC 42S4 is seen being
worked on at Gomez AFB, September 1997.
Below: 031 (Blue) is a Kamov Ka-31 (NATO code- Above: The Eurocopter SA366 Dauphin was Below: The German Army is the largest user of
name Helix). This variant has a large retractable purchased by the US Coast Guard service as the the Eurocopter (MBB) BolOS. With a fleet of
radar antenna below the fuselage. Its role is that llli6SA Dolphin. Its role is short-range rescue 300+ they are used in the role of scout or, as
of AEW or radar picket duties aboard a ship. It is from either ship or shore base. 6S92 of USCG pictured, anti-tank operations. Bol05P 86+83 of
pictured at Zhukovsky, August 1995. Detroit is at its Selfridge ANG base, June 1990. PzAbw Reg.16 is at Fassberg, June 1983.
Below: The Kamov Ka-SO (NATO code-name Hokum) is a heavily armed Below: Known as the Hkp9 in Swedish Army service, the BolOS is used in
attack helicopter intended as a Mi-24 replacement. 018 is seen at the anti-armour role equipped with TOW missiles. 09218 of army unit AFl
Zhukovsky, August 1995. is at Fairford, July 1996.
136
Left: Denmark has operated the big Sikorsky for many years. S61A U-280
of Esk 722 is at Lee-on-Solent, July 1972. Its role was SAR.
Below: Known in Canada as the CH124, the Sea King is used for anti-
submarine operations. CH124A 12437 is at Hamilton, Ont in an all-grey
low-visibility scheme, June 1990.
Below: Designed by Sikorsky the H3/S61 Sea King has been one of the most popular and widely used Below: Derived from the civil Sikorsky S62 the
helicopters of all time. Seen at Jacksonville NAS, FL, in July 1974, is SH-3H 149690 430/AR of HS1. HH52 was operated by the US Coast Guard in an
This variant was used by the US Navy for ASW operations. (SGW) SAR role. Powered by a single 1250 shp GE T58
engine, the type was fully amphibious. HHS2A
1400 from USCG Miami is at its Opa Locka base,
October 1981.
Above: Westland licence-build the Sea King and have out-sold their Above: The Sea King HC4 is configured for commando operations with the
American counterpart. The Royal Navy is the largest UK user, ASW Royal Marines. It has seats for twenty-eight troops together with floor
operations being the main role. Sea King HASl XV675 665/PO from 737 armour. ZD477/Y of 845 Squadron, Royal Navy, is seen in SFOR marking
Squadron, a Portland-based training unit, is seen at Lee-on-Solent, July 1974. at Fairford, July 1997.
Right: The Falklands War found the Royal Navy in desperate need of an
airborne early warning aircraft. The result was the Sea King AEW2. This
has an inflatable radome that is swung down below the helicopter in flight.
Sea King AEW2 XV664 180/CU of 849 Squadron is at Yeovilton, July 1994.
The black and white tail marks are to commemorate the fiftieth
Anniversary of '0' Day.
Left: Sea King HARS XV705 821/CU of 771 Squadron is operated in an

SAR role. It is seen at Yeovilton, July 1994. The unit is based at Culdrose
in Cornwall.
137
Right: Australia ordered ten Sea Kings in

1972 for anti-submarine duties. Original
operations were onboard HMAS Melbourne;
when this aircraft carrier was scrapped they
flew from coastal bases. Sea King Mk50 N16-
125 of 817 Squadron, RAN is at Greenham
Common, June 1977.
Above: Two Sea Kings are operated by the RAE for trials and test work. Sea Above: Germany was the first export customer for the Westland Sea King.
King 4X ZB507 is seen in its special colour scheme at Farnborough, Sea King Mk41 89+71 of German Navy unit MFG3 is at Lee-on-Solent, July
September 1988. 1987. The role of the type was SAR.
Aerobatic teams
Since pilots first flew they have joined with others to fly in formation and to recruitment or as a sales tool for that nation's aerospace industry. The units
perform aerobatics. This has led to most air arms having some form of display following include the full-time professional teams and the 'Friday afternoon'
tearn to represent themselves to the public. They are also used as a form of part-timers. Together they make up the most popular of air show attractions.
Left: The Slovak Republic's 'The White

Albatross' team is pictured flying the Aero L39
Albatross jet trainer. The team was
photographed at Fairford, July 1999.
Below: Since its formation in 1965 the Royal

Air Force Aerobatic Team 'The Red Arrows'
have been thrilling crowds world-wide with
their second-to-none displays. They are
pictured with their first mount, the Folland
Gnat. at Chivenor, August 1969. From the 1980
season they have flown the BAe Hawk.
Above: Poland's official aerobatic unit are 'The White Iskras' flying the PZL
TSll Iskra trainer. They are seen in close formation at Fairford, July 1995.
138
Right: The Ukrainian Air Force was only

created in 1992. Seen at Fairford are six MiG-
29s of 'The Falcons' team, July 1997.
Below: Flying the big long-range Sukhoi Su-27

fighter are 'The Russian Knights'. They are seen
at Zhukovsky, August 1995.
Below: Now operating the Northrop FS the Swiss

Air Force aerobatic unit 'Patrouille Suisse' flew
the classic Hawker Hunter before the conversion.
The team are seen at Boscombe Down with five of
their Hunters streaming smoke, June 1992.
Above: Another Russian Air Force team 'The

Swifts' fly the MiG-29. They mix both single-
and twin-seat aircraft and are seen at
Zhukovsky, August 1995.
Left: Despite budget cut backs Russia runs

several teams. The L39 Albatross tearn 'Rus Six'
is from the training unit at Vyasma. They are
seen at Zhukovsky, August 1995.
Above: Austria operated 'The Silver Birds' team equipped with the SAAB Above: The Swedish Air Force 'Team 60' also fly the SAAB lOS. The type
105 trainer. They are pictured at Greenham Common, July 1976. is known in service as the Sk60. The team is pictured at Fairford, July 1996.
139
Below: Seven Northrop F5s of the Turkish Air

Force team 'The Turkish Stars' are seen in tight
formation at Fairford, July 1996.
Above: A part-time team from the Irish Air

Corps flew the CM170 Magister trainer. Known
as 'The Swallows' they are seen at Fairford,
July 1997.
Left: The Belgian Air Force team 'Diables

Rouge' were disbanded due to budget cut backs.
They flew the CM170 Magister. The team is
pictured ending a display at Lakenheath in
August 1975.
Below: Flying the big, heavy Sukhoi Su-22 in a team cannot be easy. The
Czech Air Force unit 'Team Duha' from Namest put on an excellent
display at Fairford, July 1995.
Above: Flying the local built CASA 101 Aviojet trainer is the Spanish Air
Force aerobatic team 'Patrulla Aguila'. They are seen landing in formation
Left: Portugal's air force team 'Asas de Portugal'

used to fly the Cessna T37 trainer; they are
pictured rolling around Fairford, July 1989.
Right: Italy's aerobatic team the 'Frecce

Tricolori' (Three Coloured Arrow) fly the
Aermacchi MB339PAN with the style and
dash associated that nation. Half the team are
seen landing in formation at Fairford, July
1997.
140
Below: Flying four Alouette Ills the Dutch

Air Force operated a team named 'The
Grasshoppers'. They are pictured at Fairford,
July 1989.
Below: Brazil's aerobatic team fly the locally

built T27 Tucano. Seen at Abbotsford, BC in
August 1986 is the 'Esquadrilha da Fumaca' Above: The USAF team 'The Thunderbirds' fly smartly painted Fl6s. They are pictured at Reno, NV,
(Smoke Squadron) landing in formation. September 1988.
Above: Unlikely to be seen out of their native

Yugoslavia for some years to come is the 'Letece
Zvezde' (Flying Stars) team. They fly the Soko
G4A Super Galeb. They are pictured at Hradec
Kn'ilove in the Czech Republic, August 199?
(SGW)
Left: Known as 'The Halcones', the Chilean Air

Force flew the highly. manoeuvrable Pitts S2A.
They are seen at Fairford, July 1989.
Above: The US Navy have their own display team 'The Blue Angels'. They Above: The Royal Navy flew a team called 'The Sharks'. It was made up of
are renowned for the tightest formation keeping. Four F/Al8 Hornets are four Gazelle HT2s of 705 Squadron, the type's training unit. They are seen
seen at Patuxent River, MD, May 1989. at Boscombe Down, June 1992.
141
Index
A Bell 412 129 Cessna 402 86

Aermacchi MB339 60,14 Bell 47 131 Cessna 406 Caravan II 105
Aero L29 Delfin 67, 68 Bell AH1 Cobra 130 Cessna A37 52
Aero Commander 103 Bell Griffin 129 Cessna Citation 102, 103
Aero L39 Albatros 72, 138, 139 Cessna 0-2 84
Aerospatiale SA3210 Super Frelon 125 Cessna T37 68, 140
Aerotec A122 Uirapura 70 Cessna U3 81
Agusta A109 133 Convair B58 Hustler 57
Airbus A310 87 Convair C131 93
Airtech CN235 82 Convair CV580 93, 94
Alenia G222 87 Convair Fl02 Delta Dagger 13
AlvfX International AMX 19 Convair F106 Delta Dart 15
Antonov An-12 83 Convair T29 93
Antonov An-2 98 Bell Jet Ranger 135 ~
Antonov An-24 96 Beriev A50 110 D

Antonov An-26 96, 97 Blackburn Beverley 80 Dassault Etendard 58
Antonov An-30 97 Blackburn Buccaneer 43,44 Dassault Falcon 10 95
/.
Antonov An-32 97 Boeing 727 104 Dassault Falcon 20 95
Antonov An-72 80, 81 Boeing 737/T43 107 Dassault MD321 Flamant 97
Armstrong Whitworth Argosy 97, 98 Boeing 747 100 Dassault Mirage 2000 13
Auster AOP9 86 Boeing B47 57 Dassault Mirage 5 15
Avro Anson 103 Boeing B52 47, 48 Dassault Mirage F1 23
(/.1
Avro Canada CF100 12 Boeing C135/707 113,114,115,116 Dassault Mirage III 10,11
Avro Shackleton 117,118 Boeing C97 92 Dassault Mirage IV 58
Avro Vulcan 51 B.oeing CH47 Chinook 131
Boeing E3 AWACS 116,117
B Boeing Stearman Kaydet 70
BAC167 Strikemaster 67 Boeing Vertol H46 130, 131
BAC111 107, 108 Breguet BR1050 Alize 121
BAe Hawk 63,64 Breguet BRl150 Atlantic 119,120
Bristol Britannia 98
Bristol Sycamore 123
Britten-Norman Islander 100 Dassault Mystere IV.A 8
Dassault Rafale 8
C Dassault Super Etendard 58
Canadair CC106 98 Dassault Super Mystere B2 8
Canadair Challenger 102 de Havilland Canada CT142 71
Canadair CL215 88 de Havilland Canada
BAe Nimrod 120 Canadair CL28 Argus 117 DHC1 Chipmunk 61
BAe/McDD Harrier 34, 35, 36 Canadair CTl14 Tutor 60 de Havilland Canada
BAe 125 101 CASA 101 Aviojet 68, 140 DHC2 Beaver 94, 95
BAe146 106 CASA 127 85 de Havilland Canada
Basler Turbo 67 109 CASA 212 81 DHC4 Caribou 111
Beagle 206 101 Cessna 150 70 de Havilland Canada
Beech 18 82, 83 Cessna 172/T41 71 DHC5 Buffalo 110, 111
Beech C12 86, 87 Cessna 210 100 de Havilland Canada
Beech King Air 86, 87 DHC6 Twin Otter 88
Beech TlA Jayhawk 70 de Havilland Canada DHC7 Dash 7 89
Beech T34 71, 72 de Havilland Canada DHC8 Dash 8 112
Beech T44 86 de Havilland Comet 83
Beech U21 86 de Havilland DH82 Tiger Moth 65
Bell 204/212/UH1 127,128 de Havilland Dove/Devon 106
Bell 214ST 129 de Havilland Heron 100
142
de Havilland Sea Venom 9 Fokker F27 113 Kaman H43 Huskie 133
de Havilland Sea Vixen 9 Fokker F28 82 Kamov Ka-31 136
Fokker U60 113 Kamov Ka-50 136
Folland Gnat 63, 138 KawasakilVertol 107 131
Fouga CM170 Magister 64, 65, 140
L
G LET 410 106, 107
Gates Learjet 99 LET 610 107
General Dynamics Flll 50, 51
General Dynamics F16 41,42,43,141
de Havilland Vampire 64, 65 Gloster Javelin 8
Dornier Do228 91 Gloster Meteor 54, 55
Dornier Do28 91 Grumman A6 Intruder 52
Dornier Do328 91 Grumman Cl Trader 122
Dornier/Dassault Alpha Jet 61 Grumman C2 Greyhound 123
Douglas A3 Skywarrior 47 Grumman El Tracer 122 Lockheed C130 Hercules 72, 73, 74,
Douglas A4 Skyhawk 49,50 Grumman E2 Hawkeye 122 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80
Douglas B66 Destroyer 46 Grumman EA6 Prowler 47 Lockheed C140 Jetstar 102
Douglas Cl17 109 Lockheed C141 90
Douglas Cl18/DC6 90, 91 Lockheed C5 Galaxy 84
Douglas C124 88 Lockheed Constellation 94
Douglas C133 90 Lockheed FI04 Starfighter 30, 31, 32
Douglas C47 Dakota 108 Lockheed Fl17 48
Douglas C54 Skymaster 87 Lockheed L1011 TriSj:ar 109
Douglas C9 92, 93 Lockheed P2 Neptune 120
Douglas DC8 89 Grumman F14 Tomcat 16 Lockheed P3 Orion 118,119
Douglas KC10/DCI0 110 Grumman HU16 Albatross 121 Lockheed S3 Viking 119
Grumman OVI0 112 Lockheed SR71 46
E Grumman S2 Tracker 122 Lockheed T33 58, 59
Embraer Bandeirante 100 Grumman TC4 Academe 60 Lockheed U2 46
Embraer EMB121 Xingu 99 Gulfstream 2/3/4 107 LTV A7 Corsair 53, 54
EmbraerlShort Tucano 61, 62, 141
H M
Handley Page Hastings 98 Martin B57 Canberra 56
Handley Page Herald 104 Max Holste MH1512 Broussard 105
Handley Page Victor 47 McDonnell Douglas AH64 133
Handley Page/BAe Jetstream 64 McDonnell Douglas C17 89
Harbin H5 48 McDonnell Douglas
Hawker Hunter 33, 34, 139 F/A18 Hornet 16,17,18,141
Hawker Sea Hawk 11 McDonnell Douglas
Enaer T35 Tamiz 67 Hawker Siddeley Andover 111,112 F15 Eagle 18, 19
English Electric Canberra 55, 56 Hawker Siddeley HS748 111 McDonnell Douglas
English Electric Lightning 25, 26, 27 HFB Hansa 101 T45 Goshawk 64
Eurocopter (MBB) 105 136 Hiller HT2 130
Eurocopter AS350 Ecureuil 135 Hindustan HJT-16 Kiran 69
Eurocopter HH65 Dolphin 136 Hughes 500 136
Eurocopter Puma 132 Hunting Jet Provost 66
Eurofighter 2000 8
I
F IAI Arava 105
Fairchild AI0 48 IAI Kfir 8 McDonnell FI0l Voodoo 11
Fairchild Cl19 89 Ilyushin IL-14 88 McDonnell F4
Fairchild C123 Provider 84 Ilyushin IL-38 121 Phantom 37,38,39,40,41
Fairchild C26 Metro 106 Ilyushin IL-76/78 109 Mikoyan & Gurevitch MiG-21. 22,23
Fairey Gannet . 121 Mikoyan & Gurevitch MiG-23 10
Fiat G91 23, 24 K Mikoyan & Gurevitch MiG-25 6
FMA IA 58 Pucara 53 Kaman H2 Seasprite 133 Mikoyan & Gurevitch MiG-27 12
143
PZL TSll Iskra 70, 138 Sud-Ouest S030 Bretagne 112

PZL W3 Sokol 125 Sud Alouette II 133,1'14
Sud Alouette III 134 141
R
Republic Fl05 Thunderchief 12, 13
Republic F84 Thunderstreak 20
Rockwell Bl 48
Rockwell OV10 Bronco 47
Mikoyan & Gurevitch MiG-29 27,28,139 Rockwell T2 Buckeye 58
Mikoyan & Gurevitch MiG-31 10 Rockwell T39 91, 92
Mil Mi-2 133
Mil Mi-24 125 S Sud Aviation SE210 Caravelle 113
Mil Mi-28 136 Saab 105 66, 139 Sukhoi Su-24 49
Mil Mi-8/17 125, 126 Saab 32 Lansen 9 Sukhoi Su-22 12,140
Morane-Saulnier MS760 Paris 102 Sukhoi Su-25 1i
Mundry CAP20 60 Sukhoi Su-27 24, ,:l9
Sukhoi Su-30 24
N Sukhoi Su-34 24
Nord 2501 Noratlas 85 Sukhoi Su-35 24
Nord 262 100 Supermarine Scimitar 8
North American Fl00 Super Sabre 13,14
North American F86' Sabre 7 T
North American Harvard 68 Transall C160 112
North American T28 Trojan 69 Saab 340 105 Tupolev Tu-134 ')0
Northrop B2 57 Saab 35 Draken 6,7 Tupolev Tu-154 8:1
. .,
Northrop F5 • 20, 21, 22, 140 Saab 37 Viggen 6 Tupolev Tu-16 ,,"'"
,
Northrop T38 Talon 62 Saab 39 Gripen 6 Tupolev Tu-160 56, 57

Saab T17 101 Tupolev Tu-22 57 :ill
P Saro Skeeter 125 Tupolev Tu-95 56
Panavia BAe Tornado ADV 29,30 Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer 101
Panavia BAe Tornado IDS 44,45,46 Scottish Aviation/BAe Bulldog 67 V
Percival Pembroke 84 SEPECAT Jaguar 28, 29 Valmet L70 Vinka 70
Percival Provost 67 Short Belfast 90 Valmet L90TP Redigo 0
Percival Sea Prince 84 Short C23 Sherpa 83 VFW 614 H8
Piaggio P148 66 Vickers Valetta if)
Piaggio P166 99 Vickers Valiant ,,7
Piaggio P180 Avanti 102 Vickers Varsity 1O-l
Piaggio/Douglas PD808 99 Vickers VC10 1'1)
Pilatus P3 68 Vickers Viscount 101
Pilatus PC6 Porter 99 Vought F8 Crusader 32.13
Pilatus PC7 69
Piper PA28 Cherokee 84 W
Piper PA31 Navajo 95, 96 Westland Dragonfly 123
Piper PA34 Seneca 85 Westland Gazelle 126,127, 141
Piper Super Cub 65 Short SC7 Skyvan 84 Westland Lynx 124
Pitts S2A Special 69, 141 SIAl Marchetti SF260 71, 72 Westland Merlin l'L ,-
PZL 104 Wilga 100 Sikorsky CH53 130 Westland Puma J32
Sikorsky H3 129 Westland Scout ' ·~o
Sikorsky H34 123 Westland Sea King 137, }j~1
Sikorsky H60 134, 135 Westland Wasp :-l0

Sikorsky H64 135 Westland Wessex 123,124
Sikorsky HH52 137 Westland Whirlwind 132, 133
Sikorsky S61/H3 137
Socata TB30 Epsilon 68 Y
Socata TBM 700 106 Yakovlev Yak-141
PZL 130 Turbo Orlik 70 Soko G4 Super Galeb 67,141 Yakovlev Yak-38 !1
PZL Mielec An-28 80 Stampe SV4 65 Yakovlev Yak-40 85
144

1000 Military Aircraft in Colour - Tyrantboy

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1000

First published in the UK in 2001

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

ISBN 1 84037 1994

Typeset by Echelon, Wimborne

Airlife Publishing Ltd

I would like to thank the four contributors of pictures who

." This is a military companion for my 1998 book, 1000 Airlines

Right: The MiG-25 was designed to combat the

Above: Sweden has for many years had a 'go it

Left: DK270 is a SAAB Sk35CS Draken two-seat

Above: The North American F86 Sabre has had

Left: The Sabre was built under licence in

Above: Scottish Aviation serviced many military aircraft. Seen here is

Above:.QF86H Sabre 53-1409 is a target drone operated by the US Navy at

Below: The French answer to the Eurofighter is

Above: The Dassault Super Mystere B2 was a supersonic single-seat

Below: Many of the Sea Vixen FAW1s were

Above: Flight Refuelling at Tarrent Rushton

Right: NATO code-name Freestyle, the Yakovlev

Above: With a Mach 2+ performance the swing-

Above: Seen on the ramp at Constanta-Mikhail

Below: The tirage l1lRS i the pho a

Above: Seen at its home base RNAS Brawdy, in

Above: Avro Canada designed and built the

Right: Republic's F105 Thunderchief was an

Left: To combat the growing menace of

Below: France's current front-line fighter is the

Above: In order to train pilots to fly the big Fl05

Left: Based at Keflavik, Iceland the 57th FIS

Left: The fate of a number or American designs

Right: The first of the 'Century Series Fighters'

Right: By the start of the 1970s most of the

Below: With the large cockpit canopy to cover

Above: This FlOOD is worthy of note for several

Left: Following the fate of many designs the

Above: Tyndall AFB in Florida operated Delta

Below: Fresno. California is the home base of

Above: The Fl06B was the two-seat type

Right: The Grumman F14 Tomcat is one of the

Left: US Navy squadron VFI0l 'The Grim

Right: The best-known Hornet operator is the

Below: This F/A18C Hornet of VFA81 , 163477

Above: The FI5C is an improved version of the

Left: Tyndall AFB in Florida is home to a

Below: The FI5D is the two-seat variant of the

Below: Sukhoi's Su-25 (NATO code-name Frogfoot) is a close air support

Above: Su-25K 9093 is on charge to 322TLT of

Above: The Su-25UTG was a dedicated carrier

Right: AMX-T is the designation of the two-seat

Right: The Republic F84F Thunderstreak was a

Below: The Royal Dutch Air Force received 180

Above: The Northrop F5 is one of the most

Left: The Swiss Air Force aerobatic team, 'La

Left: Showing off a colour scheme that would

Above: Holland chose the F5 in 1966 to replace

Left: The Royal Norwegian Air Force ordered

Right: 336 Squadron of the Royal Norwegian

Below: Illustrated is MiG-21PFM 4803 of the

Above: Polish Naval Aviation MiG-210M 9232