European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 2015; www.european-science.

com
Vol.4, No.1 Special Issue on New Dimensions in Economics, Accounting and Management
ISSN 1805-3602

Investigating the Factors Affecting Broiler Poultry Management in

Alborz Province
Sanaz Rashed1 , Niv Nozari2
1
Department of Agricultural Management Animal Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Karaj, Iran;
2
Department of Agricultural Economy, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting management of broiler farms
in Alborz province. Information of this study was gathered on May 2015 from poultry meat with
descriptive and interviews and questionnaire completion. In this study, a total of 38 broiler farms in
Savojbolagh city, NazarAbad and the area around the city of Karaj were studied. The questionnaire
was questioned in three sections, profile poultry breeding flock, the owner’s properties and factors
affecting farm activities: environmental factors and breeding management. The questionnaires were
collected after being revised in the Excel environment and descriptive and inferential analyses were
analyzed by the software SPSS 22. The final obtained results were the following: between choices
of additives and carcass weight and extension classes there was a significant positive correlation,
this means that classes would better chosen and more accurate carcass weight of suitable additives
and water is a better choice. Crossover review invoices and manufacturing index showed that factors
such as body weight (weighing 2500 grams), use water and detergent to disinfect, personnel
numbers between 7 to 8 people and more add four types of additives to the water - which is more
common than others - using the automated system in poultry food and ultimately, all increase
poultry production index which indicates that the quality and the level of farm management were
effective. In this study, the variables have the greatest effect in increasing the efficiency. Focusing
on these variables and proper planning can bring efficiency and effectiveness in this area.
Keywords: Poultry farming management, production index, environmental factors, breeding
management, Tehran province
Introduction and Statement of the Problem
One of the significant proteins for humans is various mean from animals, including poultry.
Farming in Iran during the last half century has been revolutionized and has become the industry
along with its sub-industries and economic activities of the country. Studies of Journal of animals
point out those public and private investments have been made up to poultry industry as one of the
largest sectors of the economy of the country on which the oil industry have the highest volume of
investment. According to Bakhshi Zadeh, improving productivity in different economic sectors with
the assumption that the production of higher quality costs less to make, provides the ability to
compete in world markets. Therefore, according to the productivity of the survival and development
of the economic sector, the general economic growth of a country is inevitable.
Shahvali and Rahimi reported in the Journal of Agriculture that food waste in the country is
more than 25 billion dollars per year, for this reason, reducing food waste is inevitable for the
survival of the poultry industry. Bakhshi Zadeh and Zohri stated that due to the loss of a significant
amount of feed in the poultry industry for various reasons, the loss of around 140 grams of feed to
produce a kilo of chicken in Iran has been calculated. They determined about 10% of waste edible
oil in Iran as feed intake and 85% with respect to the supply of raw materials by importing food
from outside, lack of prevention of waste are responsible for the increase in dependence. Asfar
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Special Issue on New Dimensions in Economics, Accounting and Management

explained waste as material loss in the different stages of the production chain in industrial farms to
feed the factory, transportation, warehousing, distribution in the hall and sent to the slaughterhouse
roving. Darmani, Kouhi and Naji also mentioned similar to the role of various factors suggest that
oral lesions are the steps to create. According to another report by May and colleagues that
examined the selection of appropriate capacity and poultry meat, as well as new technologies
refrigeration, heating and ventilation, to establish environmental conditions (Temperature, aeration,
moisture optimized) in poultry is essential to achieve the desired conversion.
Kleyn and Van Middelkoop also acknowledged food distribution system for traditional or
modern birds, according to the capacity of the hall. Feddes and colleagues, with respect to feeding
acknowledged drinking space standards for each chicken; Jansen adjusted feeding and drinking to fit
the size of the chickens; Bakhshi Zadeh, Zuhri and Siavashi said that food level and frequency of
feeding fill in achieving good feed conversion ratio are effective. Growing need of the protein
products of animal origin, the use of new methods of production and increasing the product is
essential. Among these products, chicken meat in human nutrition is of particular importance. For
this reason, the past few decades poultry meat production in many countries including Iran have
grown and are expected to continue in the future. In addition, new methods for increasing the
vertical production management, health and nutrition, using science or breeding with molecular
techniques is essential (Javanrouh Aliabad, 2009)
Research Hypotheses
1. There is a significant difference with respect to how to manage the production of chickens
in poultry that are under investigation.
2. There is a direct relationship between proper nutrition during growth and production of
chickens.
3. There is a direct relationship between the chicken production and environmental
conditions of the farm.
History of Research
Boehlje et al. in 2002 examined the skills and attitudes needed by managers in four areas.
These skills include skills in production management, sales management, financial management,
personnel management, strategic position, management, communication, leadership and risk
management (Boehlje et al., 2002).
Al- Rimawi et al. (2006), according to the basic needs of farmers in Eastern Europe reported
market information, improved skills in management accounting and an analysis of costs and benefits
respectively (Al- Rimawi, 2006). Farm managers to maintain effective systems of registration and
storage of data (bookkeeping) need it, but if they are analyzed and interpreted as not to be used in
decision-making, they are not valuable. This data can help managers monitor the production costs,
production organization and analysis help management make decisions wisely (Zoller, 2000). This
analysis helps farm managers to identify factors affecting the value of farm production. Farm
management specialists can help farmers develop business management skills.
Yaghoubi and colleagues (2009) in their study explained farm management skills required in
the seven areas as follows: Skills determining goals, production, business, accounting, operations,
marketing and information seeking (Yaghoubi et al., 2009). Manivannan and Tripathi in 2007 to
study the characteristics of effective managers among Indian farmers referred to eight features that
include: The ability to plan, rationality in decision-making, risk-taking, the ability to search for
information, use of advanced farming methods, organizational efficiency and use of resources,
ability to coordinate activities and the ability to correct and logical marketing (Manivannanan &
Tripathi, 2007).
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 Sanaz Rashed, Niv Nozari

Nuthall (2006), in a study based on a review of the literature indicates that a good farm
manager must have the following characteristics:
• Identifying problems and opportunities
• Having good skills in searching for information
• The ability to classify and removing things from both related and unrelated
• The ability to simplify the complex things
• The ability to manage in difficult circumstances
• The ability to imagine the possible results of activities
• The ability to predict results and to act timely
• Having all appropriate technical skills and knowledge
• An understanding of dealing with risk and uncertainty conditions (Nuthall, 2006)
The importance and role of management in the organization and of manufacturing is no
secret. According to Gylsyng and Dyaystr (2008), managers to achieve success and gain new
opportunities for research and information should be helpful (Baron, 2007).
Kowalski (1992) classified management skills and concluded that the attitude of the
management skills of the management highlights that management is effective and efficient.
Unger, Rauch, Frese, and Rosenbusch (2011) also believe that between human capital and
the success of managers and entrepreneurs there is a relationship in terms of knowledge and
management skills and experience rather than education. Pant and Baroudi (2008) emphasized the
importance of training human skills that are called soft skills and technical skills training.
Chapman (2003), showed that management in feed intake, efficiency and reducing
production costs has the greatest impact on the income of the poultry farming.
FAO (2005) examined the effect of management factors on productivity of dairy cows and it
determined that the number of animals in the herd, the type of livestock, age of the farmer, the
number of workers, amount of capital and the level of milk production for cattle grazing land in the
industrial and traditional has a positive impact.
Jusuf and Malomo (2007) examined the technical efficiency of state Egan found lying on the
technical efficiency of farmers by increasing the size of poultry farming has increased and the years
of experience and training of farmers had a positive effect on technical efficiency.
Research method
This study was done on May 2015 from poultry meat with descriptive and interviews and
questionnaires, information was collected. In this study, a total of 38 broiler chicken farms in the
city Savojbolagh - Nazarabad, around the city of Karaj were studied. The study population included,
the total number of farms in Alborz province, according to the Ministry of Agriculture for the year
2012 was 202 meat farms that were chosen by random sampling using simple random sampling and
42 were chosen by Cochran, and due to restrictions the last 38 were selected. Data collection was
conducted through a questionnaire consisting of 24 questions designed at the city level distribution
units and after the interviews with the managing directors poultry raising and were completed within
two months. After collecting the questionnaires distributed among the units of chicken farms in the
city and individual review of the questionnaire to see if there is a bug or ambiguity with the beveled
exit questionnaire that was to review other information. The collected data is then reviewed and
revised in the environment and in the Excel software descriptive and inferential analyses were done
in software SPSS22 in two parts, descriptive and inferential analyses by (correlation, regression and
average data) by SPSS software respectively.

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Special Issue on New Dimensions in Economics, Accounting and Management

Research findings
A) Descriptive statistics
Descriptive findings showed that among the 38 patients who completed the questionnaires,
21 (55.3%), had high school diploma, 15 (39.5%) were under Diploma and 2 (5.2%) were higher
education diploma.
Of the 38 farms surveyed, 5 poultry (13.2%) of their storage environment humidity 30%, 12
farms (31.6%) of their storage environment humidity 35%, 14 farms (36.8%) moisture to their
storage environment 40 %, 4 poultry (10.5%) of their storage environment humidity 45%, 3 chicken
(7.9%) of their storage environment humidity was 50%. 26 poultry farming from 38 poultry
farming surveyed used the takeaway, (68.4%) 9 poultry farming used feed mill and the concentrate,
(23.7%) and 3 poultry farming also used food formulated. (7.9%)
Nineteen poultry farming used artificial light and 19 poultry farming simultaneously used
artificial light and windows .In this study, 4 of additives such as vitamins, antibiotics, vaccines and
sugar were targeted. 24 poultry farming used all 4, in 1 poultry farming the vaccine is fed to
chickens out of the way water, 2 poultry farming added sugar to water and 8 poultry farming
vitamins and 3 poultry farming added antibiotics to their drinking water.
Twelve poultry farming (31.6%) had a poultry period between 45-42 days, 22 poultry
farming (57.9%) had their poultry period between 56-45 days and in 4 poultry farming (10.5%), the
duration of time for keeping chickens was over 56 days. In 12 poultry farming (31.6%) their carcass
weight was 2.100kg and two kilos and three hundred grams, in 22 poultry farming (57.9%) their
carcass weight was between two kilos and four hundred grams and two kilograms and six hundred
grams, and finally in 4 poultry farming (10.5%), their carcasses was weighing between kilo and
seven hundred grams and two kilograms and eight grams.
B) Inferential statistics
In the survey conducted it was found that:
1. There is a significant positive relationship between poultry capacity and carcass weight.
(p <0.05)
2. There is a significant positive relationship between education level and duration of
maintenance and carcass weight. (p <0.05)
3. There is a significant positive relationship between types of additives to the water and
participate in promotional classes. (p <0.05)
4. There is a significant positive relationship between the number of personnel and capacity
of poultry. (p <0.05)
5. There is a significant negative relationship between the number of personnel and the type
of disinfectant. (p <0.01)
6. There is a significant positive relationship between participation in the class and type of
lighting system. (p <0.05)
7. There is a significant positive relationship between humidity and production index.
(p <0.05)
8. There is a significant positive relationship between the types of additives to the water
(p <0.05)
9. There is a significant positive relationship between the length and duration of activity and
poultry and disinfectants. (p <0.05)
10. There is a significant positive relationship between the production index and carcass
weight. (p <0.05)
11. There is a significant positive relationship between the duration of the activity and
number of employees. (p <0.05)
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 Sanaz Rashed, Niv Nozari

Table 1: Results of inferential statistics

Correlation
capaci Educat Humid Kind Kind Addi Maint Produ Durati Number Weigh Class Owner Sys Disinfec
ty ion ity of of ctive enance ction on of staff t (gr) extens ship tem tion
food light durati index ion
on
Capa Pearson 1 .020 -.089 .007 .252 -.125 -.276 -.295 -.003 .340* .282 -.272 -.332* -.358* -.180
city Correlat
ion
Sig. (2- .904 .596 .967 .126 .455 .094 .072 .987 .037 .087 .098 .041 .027 .280
tailed)
N 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
Educa Pearson .020 1 .287 - - -.223 .288 .063 .189 .000 .205 -.311 -.326* -.265 -.022
tion Correlat .105 .044
ion
Sig. (2- .904 .081 .530 .792 .179 .080 .708 .255 1.000 .217 .058 .046 .107 .897
tailed)
N 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
Humi Pearson -.089 .287 1 .106 - -.047 .218 .228 .017 -.261 .263 .178 .160 .180 .103
dity Correlat .098
ion
Sig. (2- .596 .081 .526 .560 .781 .189 .169 .922 .113 .111 .284 .338 .279 .540
tailed)
N 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
Kind Pearson .007 -.105 .106 1 .292 .069 -.057 .150 -.200 .026 .255 .060 -.100 -.092 .162
of Correlat
food ion
Sig. (2- .967 .530 .526 .075 .683 .733 .369 .230 .875 .122 .722 .552 .581 .333
tailed)
N 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
Kind Pearson .252 -.044 -.098 .292 1 .266 -.171 .075 -.251 .242 .061 .053 -.277 -.105 .026
of Correlat
light ion
Sig. (2- .126 .792 .560 .075 .107 .303 .656 .129 .144 .716 .752 .092 .529 .877
tailed)
N 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
Water Pearson -.125 -.223 -.047 .069 .266 1 -.012 -.013 .019 .221 -.114 .342* -.053 .260 -.428**
addic Correlat
tive ion
Sig. (2- .455 .179 .781 .683 .107 .943 .939 .909 .182 .495 .036 .752 .114 .007
tailed)
N 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
Durati Pearson -.276 .288 .218 - - -.012 1 -.058 .244 -.118 -.247 .209 .157 -.018 .205
on Correlat .057 .171
time ion
Sig. (2- .094 .080 .189 .733 .303 .943 .731 .140 .481 .134 .208 .347 .914 .218
tailed)
N 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
Produ Pearson -.295 .063 .228 .150 .075 -.013 -.058 1 -.149 -.464** .300 -.020 -.017 .047 .128
ction Correlat
index ion
Sig. (2- .072 .708 .169 .369 .656 .939 .731 .373 .003 .067 .906 .921 .778 .444
tailed)
N 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38

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Special Issue on New Dimensions in Economics, Accounting and Management

Acti Pearson -.003 .189 .017 - - .019 .244 -.149 1 .105 -.257 .082 -.219 -.003 -.068
vity Correlat .200 .251
dura ion
tion Sig. (2- .987 .255 .922 .230 .129 .909 .140 .373 .529 .119 .623 .186 .984 .686
tailed)
N 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
Num Pearson .340* .000 -.261 .026 .242 .221 -.118 - .105 1 -.032 -.002 -.281 -.226 -.448**
ber of Correlat .464**
staff ion
Sig. (2- .037 1.000 .113 .875 .144 .182 .481 .003 .529 .850 .992 .087 .173 .005
tailed)
N 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
car Pearson .282 .205 .263 .255 .061 -.114 -.247 .300 -.257 -.032 1 -.346* -.232 -.287 -.023
cass Correlat
weight ion
Sig. (2- .087 .217 .111 .122 .716 .495 .134 .067 .119 .850 .033 .161 .081 .891
tailed)
N 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
Pre Pearson -.272 -.311 .178 .060 .053 .342 .209 -.020 .082 -.002 -.346* 1 .314 .324* .015
sent in Correlat *
emotio ion
nal Sig. (2- .098 .058 .284 .722 .752 .036 .208 .906 .623 .992 .033 .055 .048 .928
class tailed)
N 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
Owner Pearson -.332* -.326* .160 - - -.053 .157 -.017 -.219 -.281 -.232 .314 1 .205 .062
ship Correlat .100 .277
ion
Sig. (2- .041 .046 .338 .552 .092 .752 .347 .921 .186 .087 .161 .055 .218 .712
tailed)
N 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
Sys Pearson -.358* -.265 .180 - - .260 -.018 .047 -.003 -.226 -.287 .324* .205 1 .005
tem Correlat .092 .105
ion
Sig. (2- .027 .107 .279 .581 .529 .114 .914 .778 .984 .173 .081 .048 .218 .974
tailed)
N 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
disinfe Pearson -.180 -.022 .103 .162 .026 - .205 .128 -.068 -.448** -.023 .015 .062 .005 1
ctants Correlat .428
ion **
Sig. (2- .280 .897 .540 .333 .877 .007 .218 .444 .686 .005 .891 .928 .712 .974
tailed)
N 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Conclusion
Factors affecting poultry management in this research were: Capacity building, education,
water, food, light type, additives, storage duration, production index, duration of farms, number of
employees in the poultry, carcass weight at slaughter, extension classes, property, systems and
disinfectants . Moreover, the results obtained in this study with other studies will be investigated.
Boehlje et al in 2002 investigated skills and attitudes needed by managers in four areas and
prepared a draft for the evaluation of farm management skills. (Boehlje et al., 2002) This type of
classification to check the status of management in other parts of the world show the need for

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 Sanaz Rashed, Niv Nozari

knowledge in this area, unlike what’s thought to be a literacy intervention may have much in the
poultry industry directly.
In another study conducted by Al-Rimawi and colleagues in 2006 emphasized the
importance of knowledge and education levels of managers. According to the survey results, the
need for progress and success of Eastern European agriculture, including market information,
improved skills in management accounting, and cost-benefit analysis is reported. (Al- Rimawi,
2006) Farm managers to maintain effective systems of registration and storage of data
(bookkeeping) need it, but if they are analyzed and interpreted as not be used in decision-making.
These data can help managers to monitor the production costs; production organization and analysis
help management make decisions wisely. (Zoller, 2002) Manivannanan and Tripathi in 2007 studied
the characteristics of effective managers among Indian farmers referred to eight features that
include: The ability to plan, rationality in decision-making, risk-taking, the ability to search for
information, use of advanced farming methods, organizational efficiency and use of resources,
ability to coordinate marketing activities and the ability to correct and logical management
(Manivannanan & Tripathi, 2007). In many farms, personnel management as production
management, marketing and financial management skills are important. While human resources in
different ways to provide farm and ranch managers needed new skills for effective utilization of
these human resources (Boehlje et al., 2002).
This analysis of farm managers to identify the affecting factors helps the value of farm
production. Farm management specialists can help farmers develop business management skills.
Research results also confirm the results of the research by Ghaedi and colleagues, where the
poultry index of 275 showed the number of employees more (7-9 persons employed), educational
experience (participation in promotional classes) and more experienced management. Improving
efficiency in the production of poultry production units, mostly from the technical research has been
done on the subject and the effects of different factors in reducing mortality or increasing the yield.
Limited research in this field can be found at the managerial and organizations. Poultry production
units have been analyzed and studied the effect of factors of production. This study was conducted
with a view to this important issue.
According to a research by Allahyari, operators of farms in this area of skills, greatly
empowering their indices evaluated in the field, the ability to manage drinking are high relative
abilities to be allocated. Low-level ability to analyze government policies in the market includes
features that respondents have stated. Unfortunately, the most important reason for this absence of
clear policy from the government, as well as accurate and timely decisions on the poultry market is
this. Also input price volatility in world markets also adds to this problem.
Results of Allahyari and colleagues (2011) found that among the studied management skills,
marketing skills is in the end. As long as the products are not sold to the customers are not satisfied
because of the production process that is not complete. Skills in the areas of marketing, product
features direct supply to customers at the lowest rank of the ability. In this respect, we can say that
the chicken market and also the increase in price volatility have an important role in preventing
direct contact between seller and customer. According to these results, improving marketing and
farm management skills by developing and participating in educational activities offered by farm
operators helps (AL-Rimawi et al., 2004). The role of training to improve management skills in the
public service is considered as an important issue (Mattila et al., 2007)
Recommendations of education programs can help improve the ability of management's farm
manager. They cause farmers to be able to make better decisions and have the skills to analyze
decisions, market assessment, business opportunities and planning to determine the quantity and

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Special Issue on New Dimensions in Economics, Accounting and Management

quality of products in order to satisfy in target market in terms of their business (AL-Rimawi et al.,
2004 and 2006).
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