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Earth and Life Science

Quarter 2 – Module 27: Organ

Systems of Representative
Animals

ii
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Organ Systems. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

 Lesson 2 – Functional Relationships of the Different Organ Systems in Ensuring

Animal Survival

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the different function organ system of the representative animal; and
2. explain the functional relationships of the different function organ system in
ensuring animal survival.
What I Know
Directions. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Your body needs to send urine out of the body. Which systems are involved?
A. Endocrine and excretory systems
B. Excretory and muscular systems
C. Muscular and digestive systems
D. Nervous and endocrine systems

2. What two body systems are most useful in getting nutrients from the food
that you eat?
A. Muscular and endocrine systems
B. Nervous and digestive systems
C. Nervous and circulatory systems
D. Circulatory and digestive systems

3. A student is outside on a very hot day. How does perspiration help maintain
his body heat?
A. It prevents heat from entering his body.
B. It causes evaporation and carries away body heat
C. It washes off bacteria off his skin.
D. It causes evaporation and saves body heat

4. Feedback mechanisms that regulate sugar levels in the blood belong to which
system?
A. Nervous system
B. Immune system
C. Digestive system
D. Endocrine system

5. The function of the cardiovascular or circulatory system is to transport blood

though out the body. What organ provides the force needed to transport or move to
move the blood?
A. Arteries
B. Brain
C. Heart
D. Capillaries

6. The digestive system is to absorbing nutrients as the circulatory system is to

A. Removing nutrients
B. Attracting nutrients
C. Distributing nutrients
D. Fighting infections

7. The immune system is to antibodies as the endocrine system is to

A. White blood cells
B. Nerve cells
C. Marrow
D. Hormones

8. Hormones increase the heart rate of an animal in danger?

A. Skeletal and circulatory
B. Immune and endocrine
C. Circulatory and endocrine
D. Endocrine and respiratory

9. How does the feedback mechanism maintain your body temperature when
your surroundings are very hot?
A. The brain sends a message to the skin. The muscles in the skin contract, or
shiver, to cool the body.
B. The muscles in the skin contract, which sends a message to the brain that
you feel hot. The brain sends a message to the skin’s heat receptors.
C. Heat receptors in the skin send a message to the brain. The brain sends a
response to start sweating, which cools the body.
D. The skin starts sweating. The sweat sends a message to the brain, which
sends a response to stop sweating.

10. What two organs make up the central nervous system?

A. somatic nerves and autonomic nerves
B. cerebrum and cerebellum
C. neurons and receptors
D. brain and spinal cord

11. Which body system is responsible for taking in oxygen and getting rid of
carbon dioxide?
A. cardiovascular system
B. lymphatic system
C. lung system
D. respiratory system

12. Which of the following statements describes the role of the nervous system in
catching a baseball?
A. It provides structure for arm muscles.
B. It tells arm muscles to contract.
C. It releases adrenaline and prepares the student to run.
D. It provides energy to arm muscles.
13. What role does the endocrine system play in the body?
A. It controls voluntary actions.
B. It controls activities such as speaking, reading, and writing.
C. It controls bodily functions by means of chemical messengers.
D. It sends electrical messages along the spinal cord to muscles and glands.
14. Riding a bicycle requires additional energy from leg muscles. Which of the
following conditions may result from this activity, and which response helps restore
the body to its normal condition?
A. increased carbon dioxide in the blood can be removed by breathing faster
B. decreased oxygen can be replaced by digesting an apple
C. increased sugars in the blood stream can be diluted by drinking water
D. increased salt wastes can be removed by the heart

15. What is the major role of red blood cells in the circulatory system?
A. carry nutrients and oxygen to body cells
B. prevent disease and fight infection
C. carry digestive juices to the stomach
D. send chemical messages to the nervous system.

Lesson Functional Relationships of the

2 different Organ Systems in ensuring

Animal Survival

Every day, you use your body to do a lot of things. Because of your body, you can
think, move, play and generally go about your daily activities. There are lot of things
happening inside your body that make life possible. You are alive because of the
many wonderful systems of organs that work together perfectly through very
complex processes. These organ systems keep in touch with one another,
exchanging information and working together to keep you alive.

What’s In
The body of an animal consist of various organ systems. Each of which contains
several specific organs. An organ is a unique anatomic structure consisting of
groups of tissues that work in concert to perform specific function.
System of Major Organ Function of the Organ System
the Body
Digestive Esophagus, stomach, Process foods and absorb nutrients,
System small intestine, large minerals, vitamins, and water.
intestine, rectum

Respiratory Nose, trachea, bronchi, Deliver air to sites where gas exchange
System lungs can occur.
 Circulatory Heart, blood vessels Transport oxygen, nutrients and other
System substances to the cells and transport
wastes, carbon dioxide and other
substances away from the cells; help to
stabilize body temperature and pH.

Urinary Kidneys, urinary Removes excess water, salts, and waste

System bladder, ureter products from the blood and body and
controls pH

Immune Bone marrow, thymus Defends against microbial pathogens and

System other diseases
Nervous Brain, spinal cord Collects, transfers and process
System information and directs short term change
in other organ systems.
Endocrine Glands produce Provides communication within the body
System hormones via hormone and direct long term change
in other organ systems to maintain
homeostasis

Muscular Muscles, tendons Provides movement, support and heat

System production
Skeletal Bones, cartilages, Supports and protects soft tissues of the
System ligaments body; provide movement at joints;
produces blood cells

What’s New

There are various systems in the animal’s body: muscular system, respiratory
system, digestive system, skeletal system, circulatory (or cardiovascular) system,
excretory (or urinary) system, reproductive system, nervous system, immune
system, and endocrine system. Each system has a special job. All of the body
systems have to work together to keep them healthy. The bones and muscles work
together to support and move the body. The respiratory system takes in oxygen from
the air. It also gets rid of carbon dioxide. The digestive system absorbs water and
nutrients from the food we eat. The circulatory system carries oxygen, water, and
nutrients to cells throughout the body. Wastes from the cells are eliminated by the
respiratory system, the excretory system, and the skin. The nervous system controls
all these activities with electrical impulses. If any system in the animal’s isn't
working properly, other systems are affected.

ACTIVITY 1
Match Column A and B. Write the letter in the blank that match to the given systems
A.
_____1. Digestive system and Muscular System
_____2. Muscular System and Respiratory System
_____3. Urinary System and Circulatory System
_____4. Endocrine System and Nervous System
_____5. Respiratory system and Circulatory system
_____6. Endocrine System and Skeletal System
_____7. Digestive System and Circulatory System
_____8. Immune System and Skeletal System
_____9. Respiratory System and Circulatory System _____10. Endocrine System and
Circulatory System

B.
A. These systems interact when food is pushed down the esophagus to the
stomach.
B. These systems interact when the kidneys filter materials out of the body.
C. These systems interact to allow the inhalation and exhalation of gases.
D. These systems interact when glands of the brain control function of the body.
E. Takes oxygen for the delivery to cells and remove carbon dioxide brought
from the cell
F. Hormone increase the heart rate of an animal in danger
G. Oxygen is delivered from the lungs directly to your blood stream
H. Bone marrow produces red blood cell
I. Protein and sugar travels from the intestines directly to blood
J. The hormone testosterone increases the bone density of a growing male

What is It
Each Body System Works with the Others
Each individual body system works in conjunction with other body systems. The
circulatory system is a good example of how body systems interact with each other.
The heart pumps blood through a complex network of blood vessels. When the blood
circulates through the digestive system, for example, it picks up nutrients the body
absorbed from the last meal. The blood also carries oxygen inhaled by the lungs.
The circulatory system delivers oxygen and nutrients to the other cells of the body
then picks up any waste products created by these cells, including carbon dioxide,
and delivers these waste products to the kidneys and lungs for disposal. Meanwhile,
the circulatory system carries hormones from the endocrine system, and the
immune system’s white blood cells that fight off infection.

Each of the body systems relies on the others to

work well. The respiratory system relies on the
circulatory system to deliver the oxygen it gathers,
while the muscles of the heart cannot function
without the oxygen they receive from the lungs.
The bones of the skull and spine protect the brain
and spinal cord, but the brain regulates the
position of the bones by controlling the muscles.
The circulatory system provides the brain with a
constant supply of oxygen-rich blood while the
brain regulates the heart rate and blood pressure.
Even seemingly unrelated body systems are
connected. The skeletal system relies on the
urinary system to remove waste produced by bone
cells; in return, the bones of the skeleton
create structure that protects the bladder and other urinary system organs. The
circulatory system delivers oxygen-rich blood to the bones. Meanwhile, the bones
are busy making new blood cells. Working together, these systems maintain internal
stability and balance, otherwise known as homeostasis.

What’s More
Each organ system interacts with at least one other organ system. Organ systems
do not work independently; organ systems interact with each other to keep the
organism functioning. The systems of the body are interdependent. The job that one
system carries out depends on and influence jobs carried out by other systems.

Activity 1
Complete the table below by listing the body systems that interact together for each
scenario described.
SYSTEMS INTERACTION
1 Lungs supply oxygen carried by the blood to cells of the body
2 Nutrients pass into the circulatory system to be carried to body cells
3 Kidneys remove wastes from blood
4 Movement of the diaphragm in breathing
5 Production of blood cells in bone marrow
6 Daily movement and coordination
7 Pumping of the heart & blood
8 Chewing, swallowing and movement of food through the digestive tract
9 Pulmonary vein brings blood from the lugs back to the heart
10 Muscles in the leg cause the tibia and fibula bones to move upward

Question:

How do they all function together?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2
The human body systems interact to perform several functions for the whole
organism. Give the functions of the body when two systems work together.
 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
 Activity 3
Complete the table by writing the relationship of the given organ to the different
organ of the body.
System of the Body Interactions- Working with other Systems
Digestive System a. with circulatory system:
b. with muscular system:
c. with nervous system:
Respiratory System a. with circulatory system:
b. with muscular system:
c. with nervous system:
d. with urinary system:
Circulatory System a. with respiratory system:
b. with digestive system:
c. with nervous system:
d. with urinary system:
Urinary System a. with circulatory system:
b. with respiratory system:
Immune System a. with circulatory system:
b. with skeletal system:
Nervous System Controls all other systems:
Endocrine System a. with circulatory system:
b. with skeletal system:
c. with nervous system:
Muscular System a. with circulatory system:
b. with skeletal system:
c. with nervous system:
d. with digestive system:
e. with respiratory system:
Skeletal System a. with circulatory system:
b. with muscular system:
c. with immune system:
What I Have Learned
Fill in the blanks with the missing word to complete the sentence.

1. The digestive system relies on the ___________system to deliver the nutrients

to the entire body of the organism.
2. The respiratory system provides oxygen to the _______________system.
3. Carbon dioxide from cells is delivered from the circulatory system back to
the____________________ system so it can exit the body.
4. The circulat6ry system carries the waste from throughout the organism to
the _____________________ system, which takes care of excreting the waste from the
organism;
5. The circulatory system and the _____________system interact to deliver oxygen
to and to remove carbon dioxide from cells.

What I Can Do
How will you protect your body from pathogens?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
1. Write a paragraph on how your body system is working together?
While I am (verb) ______________________________ here is how my body systems are
working together.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Assessment
Directions. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is an example of the endocrine system directly

interacting with the nervous system?
A. Hormones provide feedback that affects neutral processing
B. The vertebrae protect the spinal cord from injury
C. Sensory receptors in bones send signals about body position to the brain
D. The brain sends signals that control the speed at which food moves through
the intestines.

2. During the final stages of human gestation, receptors for the hormone
oxytocin increase on the smooth muscle cells of the uterus. The release of the
oxytocin during labor stimulates the smooth muscle tissue in the wall of the
uterus. The vigorous contraction of the uterine smooth muscle helps push the baby
through the birth canal so that delivery can occur. This process involves the
interaction of which organ system?
A. Endocrine and reproductive only
B. Endocrine and muscular only
C. Endocrine, muscular and reproductive
D. Endocrine, reproductive, and excretory
3. Kidneys are part of the excretory system. They purify the blood and send it
back to the rest of the body. Which system is mainly responsible for the transport of
plasma to the kidneys?
A. Circulatory systems
B. Respiratory systems
C. Nervous systems
D. Muscular systems

4. What two body systems are most useful in getting nutrients from the food
that you eat?
A. Muscular and endocrine systems
B. Nervous and digestive system
C. Nervous and circulatory systems
D. Circulatory and digestive systems

5. What two systems work together to provide body cells with a constant supply
of oxygen while removing carbon dioxide waste?
A. Circulatory and respiratory systems
B. Muscular and circulatory systems
C. Nervous and circulatory systems
D. Nervous and immune systems

6. Which of the following describes an interaction that occurs between two body
systems of a rabbit that helps the rabbit outrun a pursuing coyote?
A. The endocrine system releases hormones that prepare the immune system to
deal with the possible injuries.
B. The digestive system increases the rate of digestion, and the excretory system
ceases to provide tissues with more nutrients
C. The respiratory system increases the breathing rate, and the circulatory
system increases blood pressure to provide tissues with more oxygen
D. The skeletal system releases additional calcium, and the circulatory system
retains more sodium in the blood to provide muscles with ions for contraction

7. The human digestive system id approximately 900 cm long. Food is moved

through the digestive tract primarily by: A. Bile produce by the pancreas
B. Hydrochloric acid by the stomach
C. Muscular contractions
D. The enzyme amylase and pepsin

8. The digestive system is to absorbing nutrients as the circulatory system is to

A. removing nutrients
B. attracting nutrients
C. disturbing nutrients
D. fighting infections

9. How do circulatory system and immune system work together to respond to

an injury?
A. Increase blood flow carries white blood cells to the site of the injury
B. Increase blood flow kills healthy cells which prevents infection at the site of
the injury
C. Increase blood flow allows for an increase in the exchange of carbon dioxide
and oxygen at the site of the injury
D. Increase blood flow removes infected cells from the body at the site of the
injury

10. Which body systems must directly interact for vertebrate organism to
exchange gasses?
A. Circulatory and respiratory
B. Endocrine and respiratory
C. Immune and endocrine
D. Skeletal and circulatory

11. A deer hears a predator approaching and begins to run for safety. The deer
has primarily engaged what body system to escape?
A. Muscular, reproductive and circulatory system
B. Muscular, digestive, and immune system
C. Nervous, respiratory, and muscular system
D. Respiratory, endocrine and excretory system

12. Which two systems alert the young bird to the danger and help produce the
vomit it uses as a defense? A. Excretory and immune
B. Muscular and digestive
C. Nervous and digestive
D. Urinary and muscular

13. Which of the following is an example of the endocrine system directly

interacting with the nervous system?
A. Hormones provide feedback that affect neuron processing
B. The brain sends signal that control the speed at which food moves through
the intestines
C. The vertebrae protect the spinal cord from injury
D. Sensory receptors in bones send signals about body position to the brain.

14. Which body systems work together to protect the body from pathogens?
A. Circulatory and immune B. Digestive and excretory.
C. Endocrine and reproductive.
D. Muscular and vascular

15. How does the digestive system work with all other systems? A. The
digestive system transport blood to all the other systems
B. The digestive system puts oxygen into the body
C. The digestive system gives the body energy and nutrients
D. The digestive system allows the body to move
Additional Activities

Reflection:

“You can’t have one without the other”

How can you relate this to your body systems?