Final Film Socialisme Pressbook 27 May
Final Film Socialisme Pressbook 27 May
Final Film Socialisme Pressbook 27 May
Socialisme
a film by
Jean‐Luc Godard
Un Certain Regard ‐ Cannes Film Festival 2010
Switzerland/ France / 2010 / 102 mins / 1:78 / Dolby SRD / Certificate: tbc
Release date: July 8th 2011
FOR ALL PRESS ENQUIRIES PLEASE CONTACT
Sue Porter/Lizzie Frith – Porter Frith Ltd
Tel: 020 7833 8444/E‐Mail: porterfrith@hotmail.com
FOR ALL OTHER ENQUIRIES PLEASE CONTACT
Robert Beeson – New Wave Films
robert@newwavefilms.co.uk
10 Margaret Street
London W1W 8RL
Tel: 020 3178 7095 www.newwavefilms.co.uk
Ideas separate us, dreams bring us together
SYNOPSIS
A symphony in three movements
THINGS SUCH AS:
A Mediterranean cruise. Numerous conversations, in numerous languages,
between the passengers, almost all of whom are on holiday...
OUR EUROPE
At night, a sister and her younger brother have summoned their parents to
appear before the court of their childhood. The children demand serious
explanations of the themes of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.
OUR HUMANITIES.
Visits to six sites of true or false myths: Egypt, Palestine, Odessa, Greece,
Naples and Barcelona.
CREW
A film by Jean‐Luc Godard
Jean‐Paul Battagia, Fabrice Aragno, Paul
Grivas, François Musy, Renaud Musy,
Gabriel Hafner, Louma Sanbar, Yousri
Nasrallah, Anne‐Marie Miéville
Texts Walter Benjamin, Jacques Derrida, Jean‐
Paul Curnier, Roland Dubillard
Hannah Arendt, Otto von Bismarck, Jean‐
Paul Sartre, Luc Brunschwig, Jean
Giraudoux, Jean Tardieu, Charles Peguy,
Louis Aragon, Stéphane Rullac, Henri
Bergson, Georges Bernanos, Denis de
Rougemont, Christa Wolf, Nikolai Rimsky‐
Korsakov, Fernand Braudel, Claude Simon,
Neal Gabler, Luigi Pirandello, Paul Ricoeur,
Samuel Beckett, André Malraux, Claude
Lévi‐Strauss, Joseph Conrad, William
Shakespeare, Martin Heidegger, François de
La Rochefoucauld, Johann Wolfgang von
Goethe, Curzio Malaparte, Jean Genet, Zoë
Oldenbourg
Music Betty Olivero, Arvo Pärt, Anouar Brahem,
Tomasz Stańko, Alfred Schnittke, Paco
Ibáñez, Bernd Alois Zimmermann, Giya
Kancheli, Werner Pirchner, Ernst Busch,
Thierry Machuel, Beethoven, Chet Baker
Singers Barbara, Gabriella Ferri, Joan Baez,
Alain Bashung & Chloe Mons, Mina, Patti
Smith
Film Viaggio in Italia, Cheyenne Autumn, Tsahal,
Medea, Don Quixote, Battleship Potemkin,
Roman Karmen, L’Espoir, Adieu Bonaparte,
Face of Terror, La Bataille de Marathon,
Local Angel, Devil’s Tomb, October,
Weekend, Méditerranée, Le Quattro
Giornati di Napoli, Le Vieil Homme et le
Désert, Simon Weil,l’Irrégulière, Lo Sguardo
di Michelangelo, Le Chant de Mariées, The
Greek Civil War, Alexander the Great,
Burning Snow, Les Plages d’Agnes, Les
Milles et une Nuits
Produced by Ruth Waldburger, Alain Sarde
Production Vega Film, Office Fédéral de la Culture,
Télévision Suisse Romande, Ville de Genève,
Suissimage, Fonds Regio Films, Fondation
Vaudoise pour le Cinéma, George
Foundation, Wild Bunch, Canal Plus.
With
Catherine Tanvier
Christian Sinniger
Jean Marc Stehlé
Agatha Couture
Marie‐Christine Bergier
Nadège Beausson‐Diagne
Mathias Domahidy
Quentin Grosset
Olga Riazanova
Maurice Sarfati
Dominique Devals
Louma Sanbar
Gulliver Hecq
Marine Battaggia
Elizabeth Vitali
Eye Haidera
and
Patti Smith
Lenny Kaye
Alain Badiou
Bernard Maris
Elias Sanbar
Robert Maloubier
Switzerland/ France / 2010 / 102 mins / 1:78 / Dolby SRD / In French, English,
German and Burkinabé with subtitles / Certificate: tbc
JEAN‐LUC GODARD
Born in 1930, Jean‐Luc Godard became acquainted, while at university, with Claude Chabrol,
Francois Truffaut, Eric Rohmer and Jacques Rivette, forming part of a group of passionate
young film critics writing in Cahiers du Cinéma, and film‐makers devoted to exploring new
possibilities in cinema.
A bout de souffle (Breathless) (1959) was his first feature. Made on a shoe‐string budget, it
was spontaneous, vibrant and ground breakingly original. From then until 1967/8 was
loosely his first period when he made an astonishing number of films, sometimes 3 a year.
From 68 Godard was very involved in political film‐making, and then made a series of
programmes for French TV in the mid and late 70’s. With Sauve qui peut (la vie) or Slow
Motion, Godard could be said to start a 3rd period through the 80’s. In the 90’s he started
more formal experimentation, specifically with his long series Histoire(s) du Cinéma.
His films have influenced film‐makers as diverse as Robert Altman, Martin Scorsese, Jim
Jarmusch, Steven Soderbergh, Quentin Tarantino and Wong Kar‐Wai.
His latest film, Film Socialisme, received its premiere at the Cannes Film Festival (Un Certain
Regard) to great acclaim. Jean‐Luc Godard was awarded an honorary Oscar in 2010.
SELECT FILMOGRAPHY – FEATURE LENGTH FILMS
1959 À bout de souffle (Breathless)
1961 Une femme est une femme (A Woman Is a Woman)
1962 Vivre sa vie (To Live One's Life)
1963 Le Petit soldat (The Little Soldier)
1963 Les Carabiniers
1963 Le Mépris (Contempt)
1964 Bande à part (Band of Outsiders)
1964 Une femme mariée : fragments d'un film tourné en 1964 en noir et blanc (A Married Woman)
1965 Alphaville, une étrange aventure de Lemmy Caution (Alphaville)
1965 Pierrot le fou
1966 Masculin Féminin : 15 faits précis
1966 Made in U.S.A.
1966 2 ou 3 choses que je sais d'elle (2 or 3 Things I Know About Her)
1967 La Chinoise
1967 Week End
1968 Sympathy for the Devil (One plus One)
1968 Un Film comme les autres
1969 Le Gai Savoir
1969 Le Vent d'est (Wind from the East)
1970 Vladimir et Rosa
1970 Pravda
1970 Lotte in Italia (Struggles in Italy)
1970 British Sounds
1972 One P.M.
1972 Tout va bien (Everything's Fine)
1972 Letter to Jane
1975 Numéro deux
1976 : Ici et ailleurs (Here and Elsewhere)
1977 Six fois deux / Sur et sous la communication (Six Times Two: On and Beneath Communication)
1977 France / tour / detour / deux enfants (France/Tour/Detour/Two/Children)
1978 Comment ça va?
1979 Sauve qui peut (la vie) Slow Motion (UK)Every Man for Himself (US)
1982 Passion
1983 Prénom Carmen (First Name: Carmen)
1985 Je vous salue, Marie (Hail Mary)
1985 Détective (Detective)
1986 Soft and Hard
1987 King Lear
1987 Soigne ta droite, une place sur la terre (Keep Your Right Up)
1990 Nouvelle Vague
1991 Allemagne 90 neuf zéro (Germany Year 90)
1993 Hélas pour moi
1994 JLG/JLG, autoportrait de décembre (JLG/JLG: Self‐Portrait in December)
1995 2 x 50 ans de cinéma français (2 x 50 French Cinema Years)
1996 For Ever Mozart
1998 Histoire(s) du cinéma — 1988‐1998
2001 Eloge de l'amour (In Praise of Love)
2004 Notre musique (Our Music)
2010 Film Socialisme (Film Socialism)
INTERVIEW
Jean‐Luc Godard speaks to Jean‐Marc Lalanne about Film Socialisme in the French
magazine Les Inrockuptibles (18 May 2010).
“The Right of the Author? An Author has only Duties”
...
The filmmaker received us at his home in Switzerland for a provocative, and intimate,
interview. Welcome to Rolle...
LALANNE: Why the title Film Socialisme?
GODARD: I always have titles in advance. They give me some indication of films that I could
make.
A title preceding any idea for a film, it’s rather like giving the ‘A’ in music. I have a whole list
of them. Like nobility titles, or share titles. More like share titles. I started out with
Socialisme, but as the film started taking shape, the title became less and less satisfactory.
The film could just as well have been called Communisme or Capitalisme. But there was a
funny coincidence: In reading a little brochure I had sent him, in which the name of the
production company Vega Film preceded the title, Jean‐Paul Curnier [philosopher. —JML]
read "Film Socialisme" and thought it was the title. He wrote me a twelve‐page letter telling
me how much he liked it. I thought to myself that he must be right, and decided to keep
Film in front of Socialisme. It made the word sound less naïve.
LALANNE: Where does the idea of the cruise through the Mediterranean come from?
Homer?
GODARD: At first I was thinking of another story that would take place in Serbia, but this did
not work. Then I had the idea of a family in a garage, the Martin family. This didn't work
either for a feature‐length film because the people would have become characters, and
whatever took place would have turned into a story. The story of a mother and her children,
a film like some of those made in France, with lines of dialogue, and moods.
LALANNE: In fact, the family members here almost resemble characters of an ordinary
fiction. This has not happened in your cinema for a long time…
GODARD: Yes, maybe... Not totally though. Scenes are interrupted before anyone turns into
a character. Instead, they are more like statues. Statues that speak. If we speak of statues,
we think ‘it comes from another time’. And we say ‘another time’, then we go on a journey,
we set sail on the Mediterranean. Thus the cruise. I had read a book by Léon Daudet, the
early twentieth–century polemicist, called Le Voyage de Shakespeare [Shakespeare’s
Journey, 1927]. It followed the young Shakespeare’s journey on the Mediterranean. He
hadn't written anything yet. All these ideas came bit by bit.
LALANNE: How did you go about arranging all this?
GODARD: There are no rules. It stems from poetry, or painting, or mathematics. Especially
traditional geometry. The desire to compose figures, to put a circle around a square, to
draw a tangent. It is elementary geometry. If it is elementary, there are elements. I
therefore show the sea... That’s it, it can't really be described, these are associations. And if
we are saying association, we can then say socialism.
LALANNE: If we say socialism, we can speak about politics. The HADOPI laws [set of French
laws against illegal downloading], for example, or the matter of prosecuting illegal
downloads, or the property of images...
GODARD: I am against HADOPI, of course. There is no intellectual property. I am against
inheritance, for example. That the children of an artist might enjoy the rights of their
parents' body of work, why not, until they come of age. But afterward, I don’t find it obvious
that Ravel's children get the royalties from the Boléro...
LALANNE: You don't claim any rights over the images that artists lift from your films?
GODARD: Of course not. In fact, people do it, put their work up on the Internet, and in
general it’s not very good... But I don't have the feeling that they're taking something away
from me. I don't have the Internet. Anne‐Marie [Miéville, his partner and a filmmaker —
JML] uses it. In my film, some images come from the Internet, like the images of the two
cats together.
LALANNE: For you, there's no difference in status between those anonymous images of
cats that circulate on the Internet, and the shot from John Ford's Cheyenne Autumn that
you're also making use of in Film Socialisme?
GODARD: Statutorily, I don't see why I should be differentiating between the two. If I had to
plead in a court of law against charges of pinching images for my films, I would hire two
lawyers with two different systems. One would defend the right of quotation, which barely
exists for the cinema. In literature, you can quote extensively. In Miller [Genius and Lust: A
Journey Through the Major Writings of Henry Miller, 1976 —JML] by Norman Mailer, there's
80% Henry Miller, and 20% Norman Mailer. In science, no scientist pays a fee to use a
formula established by a colleague. This is quotation, and cinema does not allow it. I read
Marie Darrieussecq's book, Rapport de police [Police Report: Accusations of Plagiarism and
Other Modes of Surveillance in Fiction, 2010], and I found it very good because she traces
the history of this issue. The author’s right ‐ it's really not possible. An author has no right. I
have no right. I have only duties.
And then in my film, there's another type of borrowing, not a quotation, but an excerpt. Like
a blood test, when a sample gets taken for analysis. This would be my second lawyer’s plea.
He would defend, for example, my use of the shots of trapeze artists taken from Les Plages
d'Agnès. This shot is not a quotation, I am not quoting Agnès Varda's film: I am benefiting
from her work. I am taking an excerpt, which I am incorporating somewhere else so that it
acquires another meaning, in this case, symbolizing peace between Israel and Palestine. I
did not pay for this shot. But if Agnès asked me for money, I think we could offer her a fair
amount of money. In other words, a price in proportion with the economy of the film, the
number of spectators it reaches...
LALANNE: In order to metaphorically express peace in the Middle East, why do you prefer
to divert one of Agnès Varda's images instead of shooting your own?
GODARD: I found the metaphor in Agnès' film very good.
LALANNE: But the metaphor is not in her film…
GODARD: No, of course not. I am the one who builds it by displacing the image. I don’t think
I have harmed the image. I found it perfect for what I wanted to say. If the Palestinians and
the Israelis put on a circus and did a trapeze act together, things would be different in the
Middle East. For me, this image strikes a perfect chord, exactly what I wanted to express.
Thus I am taking the image, since it exists.
LALANNE The film’s socialism consists in undermining the idea of property, starting with
that of cultural works...
GODARD: There shouldn't be any property over artworks. Beaumarchais only wanted to
enjoy a portion of the receipts from The Marriage of Figaro. He may have said "I am the one
who wrote Figaro." But I don't think he would have said, "Figaro is mine." This notion of
property over artworks came later on. Today, a guy installs lighting on the Eiffel Tower — he
gets paid for it; but if you film the Eiffel Tower, you also have to pay this guy something.
LALANNE: Your film will be available online via FilmoTV at the same time as we'll be able
to go see it in a cinema...
GODARD: That wasn't my idea. When we made the trailers, trailers being the whole film
speeded‐up, I suggested putting them up on YouTube because it's a good way of getting
things to circulate. Putting the film up online was the distributor's idea. They gave money
for the film, so I do what I am told. If it were up to me, I would not have released it in the
cinemas this way. It took us four years to make this film. In production terms, the film is very
atypical. There were four of us shooting it, myself, Battaggia, Arragno, and Grivas. Each one
would go on his own and bring back images. Grivas went to Egypt alone and brought back
hours of footage... We gave ourselves a lot of time. I think the film could have benefited
from a similar relationship to time in its distribution.
LALANNE: What does that mean, in concrete terms?
GODARD: I would have liked a young man and woman to be hired, a couple who would have
the desire to show things, who would be linked to cinema a little, the sort of young people
you meet in small festivals. They are given a copy of the film on DVD, then asked to train as
skydivers. Then, places are randomly picked on a map of France and they are parachuted
down into these locations. They have to show the film wherever they land. In a café, at a
hotel... they manage. They have people pay 3 or 4 Euros to get in, not more. They can film
this adventure, and sell it later on. Thanks to them, you investigate what it means to
distribute such a film. Only then can you take decisions, can you know whether or not the
film can be screened in regular cinemas. But not before having investigated it for a year or
two. Because beforehand, you are just like me: you don't know what the film is, you don't
know who might be interested in it.
LALANNE: You've deserted the media a bit. In the 1980s, you were more visible in the
press, on TV...
GODARD: Yes, it bores me now. I am no longer looking to subvert a certain process of
television. At the time, I believed in that, a little. I didn't think that it would change anything,
but that it might get other people interested in doing things differently. It interests them for
three minutes. There are still things I am interested in on television: programs about
animals, history channels. I like House too. Someone is injured, everybody gathers around
him, the characters express themselves in hyper‐technical jargon, I like it. But I could not
watch ten episodes in a row.
LALANNE: Why did you invite Alain Badiou and Patti Smith to be in your latest film, to end
up filming them so little?
GODARD: Patti Smith was there so I filmed her. I don't see why I should have filmed her for
any length of time greater than I would have, say, a waitress.
LALANNE: Why did you ask her to be there?
GODARD: So that there would be one good American. Someone who embodies something
other than imperialism.
LALANNE: And Alain Badiou?
GODARD: I wanted to quote a text about geometry by Husserl and I wanted someone to
develop something of his own from that. It interested him.
LALANNE: Why film him in front of an empty auditorium?
GODARD: Because his lecture did not interest any tourist on the cruise. We had announced
that there would be a lecture on Husserl, and no‐one showed up. When we took Badiou into
this empty room, he liked it a lot. He said: "Finally, I get to speak in front of nobody."
[laughs] I could have framed him closer and not filmed the empty room but it was important
to show that it was a speech in the desert, that we are in the desert. It makes me think of
Jean Genet's sentence: "You have to go looking for images because they are in the desert."
In my cinema, there are never any intentions. I did not invent this empty auditorium. I don't
want to say anything, I try to show, or to get feelings across, or to allow something else to
be said after.
LALANNE: When you hear: "Today the bastards are sincere, they believe in Europe," what
else is there to say? That one can't believe in Europe without being an asshole?
GODARD: It's a sentence that came to me while reading some passages from Nausea. In
those times, the bastard was not sincere. A torturer knew he was not being honest. Today,
the bastard is sincere. As for Europe, it has existed for a long time, there is no need to make
it as we are making it. I find it hard, for example, to understand how someone can be a
member of its parliament, like Dany [Daniel Cohn‐Bendit —JML]. It is odd, isn’t it?
LALANNE: Ecology shouldn’t be at the heart of a political party?
GODARD: You know, parties... Parties are always biased. Even their names, sometimes. De
Gaulle was against parties. After the Liberation, he nevertheless brought the parties to the
Resistance Council [Conseil de la Résistance] in order to show some weight to the
Americans. Even the National Front was there. Except it was not the same thing as it is
today. It was, at the time, a Communist Party's endeavour. I don't really know why the other
ones held onto that name afterward. A bias...
LALANNE: The second‐to‐last quotation in the film is: "If the law is unjust, justice precedes
the law..."
GODARD: It refers to authors’ rights. Every DVD starts off with a title from the FBI that
criminalizes copying. I looked for Pascal. But you might understand something else in this
sentence. You can think, for example, of Roman Polanski's arrest.
LALANNE: What do you think of the fact that Polanski's arrest took place in your country,
Switzerland?
GODARD: Me, I am Franco‐Swiss. I pass for Swiss, but I am a French resident, I pay my taxes
in France. In Switzerland, I like certain landscapes that I would find hard to do without. And I
have some roots here. But politically speaking, I am shocked by lots of things. In relation to
Polanski, Switzerland did not have to submit itself to the United States. They should have
discussed, not accepted. I would have liked every filmmaker going to Cannes to rally around
Polanski, to affirm that Swiss justice is not just. Just as they have done to support the
imprisoned filmmaker Jafar Panahi. Just as we have said: "The Iranian regime is a bad
regime," we should say "the Swiss regime is not good."
LALANNE: The ban on minarets?
GODARD: That's pointless... As far as Switzerland is concerned, I think like Qaddafi: French‐
speaking Switzerland belongs to France; German Switzerland belongs to Germany; Italian
Switzerland belongs to Italy; that’s it, no more Switzerland!
LALANNE: The Greek crisis resonates strongly with your film...
GODARD: We should thank Greece. It is the West that has a debt toward Greece.
Philosophy, Democracy, Tragedy... One always forgets the links between tragedy and
democracy. Without Sophocles no Pericles. Without Pericles no Sophocles. The
technological world in which we live owes everything to Greece. Who invented logic?
Aristotle. If this and if that, then this. Logic. This is what the dominant powers use all day,
making sure that there is no contradiction whatsoever, that we stay within the same logic.
Hannah Arendt herself said that logic leads to totalitarianism. As a consequence, today,
everybody owes Greece money. Greece could ask the contemporary world for one thousand
billions in royalties, and it would be logical to pay them. Right now. The Greeks are also
accused of being liars... It reminds me of an old syllogism that I learned in school.
Epaminondas is a liar, yet every Greek is a liar, thus Epaminondas is Greek. We haven't
made much progress since.
LALANNE: Did Barack Obama's election alter your perception of American international
politics?
GODARD: It's funny, Edwy Plenel [in a recent Mediapart video‐interview] asked me the same
question. Obama's election left me neither warm nor cold. I have been hoping that no‐one
would assassinate him too soon. That he embodies the United States, it's not exactly the
same thing as when it was George Bush. But sometimes things are clearer when they are at
their worst. When Chirac found himself facing Le Pen on the second round of the
presidential election, I think that the Left should have abstained and not voted for Chirac. It
is better to let the worst happen.
LALANNE: Why? That's dangerous...
GODARD: Because for a moment, everyone pauses to think. Like with tsunamis...
LALANNE: What are we supposed to think about, with tsunamis?
GODARD: About what we call nature, and of which we are a part. There are times when it
has to take its revenge. Meteorologists only speak a scientific language, they don't speak
about philosophy. We do not listen to the way in which a tree philosophizes.
LALANNE: Are you still interested in sports?
GODARD: Yes, but I regret that today football only offers a defensive game. Aside from
Barcelona. But Barcelona cannot play two matches in a row at the same level.
LALANNE: It depends. They won against Arsenal.
GODARD: Yes, but not against Milan. Why can't they succeed? When you don’t succeed you
get fewer matches.
LALANNE: This past winter, you made a very short film in homage to Eric Rohmer...
GODARD: Les Films du Losange asked me to. I felt like using titles from his articles, like
evoking things that I had seen or done with him when we were young at the Cahiers in the
1950s. I find it hard to say anything else about him. You can only talk about people from
what you’ve shared with them. This is not the method of Antoine de Baecque, of course...
LALANNE: Have you read the biography by Antoine de Baecque devoted to you?
GODARD: I've flipped through it.
LALANNE: Could you care less that it exists, or are you bothered by it?
GODARD: It bothers me for Anne‐Marie's sake [Miéville]. Because there are mistakes in it. It
also bothers me that people in my family handed documents over to him. It's bad form. I
have not, however, done anything to prevent its release.
LALANNE: Did you keep in touch with Eric Rohmer?
GODARD: A little bit because he was living in the same building as us in Paris. We spoke
from time to time.
LALANNE: Have you seen his last films?
GODARD: Yes, on DVD. Triple Agent is a very strange film. I have a passion for espionage,
but I wouldn't have imagined that such a subject could interest him.
LALANNE: Is the idea of accomplishing a body of work, one which life grants you the time
to complete, a matter that weighs upon you?
GODARD: No. I don't believe in the body of work. There are works, they might be produced
in individual instalments, but the body of work as a collection, the great oeuvre, I have no
interest in it. I prefer to speak in terms of unfolding. Along my course, there are highs and
there are lows, there are attempts... I've towed the line a lot. You know, the most difficult
thing is to tell a friend that what he's done isn't very good. I can't do it. Rohmer was brave
enough to tell me at the time of the Cahiers that my critique of Strangers on a Train was
bad. Rivette could say it too. And we paid a lot of attention to what Rivette thought. As for
François Truffaut, he didn't forgive me for thinking his films were worthless. He also
suffered from not ending up finding my films as worthless as I thought his own were.
LALANNE: Do you really think that Truffaut's films are worthless?
GODARD: No, not worthless... Not any more than anything else... Not any more than
Chabrol's... But this was not the cinema we had dreamt of.
LALANNE: Posterity, leaving a trace behind — does this worry you?
GODARD: No, not at all.
LALANNE: But has it weighed upon you at some point in your life?
GODARD: Never.
LALANNE: It is hard to believe you. You can't make Pierrot le fou without having the urge
to make a masterpiece, to be the champion of the world, to take your place in history
forever...
GODARD: Maybe you're right. I must have had that pretention in the beginning. I came back
down to earth rather quickly.
LALANNE: You think about your death?
GODARD: Yes, inevitably. With the health problems... I have to take care of myself much
more than I used to. Life changes. In any case, I broke away from social life a long time ago.
I would really like to play tennis again, which I had to stop due to knee‐problems. When you
get old, childhood starts coming back. It's good. And no, I don't get particularly distressed
about dying.
LALANNE: You seem very detached...
GODARD: On the contrary, on the contrary! I am very attached [laughs]. In fact, Anne‐
Marie told me the other day that if she outlives me, she will have ‘On the contrary’ written
on my tombstone.
Translation Diane Gabrysiak