“REPELLENT LOTION FROM A MIXTURE OF BASIL , COCONUT OIL AND ALOE

VERA EXTRACT”

BALABAC NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

RESEARCHERS:
ARSELYN D. GARDER
JENIFER C. GARDER
IRENE D. GARDER
KETH L. LUDING
MIMI JANE S. AMILHASAN

S.Y: 2022-2023
 ABSTRACT

In this study, the repellent properties of basil, a well-known herbal plant, were combined

with coconut oil and aloe vera extract, both widely used in skincare products for their soothing

and moisturizing effects. This natural and easily accessible repellent mixture offers an eco-

friendly alternative to conventional repellents, reducing the risks associated with chemical

exposure, particularly in sensitive populations such as children.

The research involved testing the repellent efficacy of the basil, coconut oil, and aloe vera

extract mixture against a range of common insects, including mosquitoes and flies. The

laboratory experiments utilized a standardized process to evaluate the repellent effect,

considering factors like duration of protection and percentage of insect landing on the skin

treated with the lotion mixture compared to control samples.

Preliminary results demonstrated promising repellent properties of the basil, coconut oil,

and aloe vera extract mixture. The combination exhibited a significant reduction in the number of

insect landings, thereby suggesting its potential as an effective repellent against a broad range of

insects. Additionally, the lotion’s natural components offer inherent benefits such as skin

moisturization and soothing effects, making it a preferable choice for topical application.

In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of a natural repellent lotion formulated

with basil, coconut oil, and aloe vera extract. These readily available ingredients contribute to an

eco-friendly and safe alternative to conventional chemical-based repellents. Further

investigations, including field studies and formulation optimization, are necessary to validate the

efficacy and usability of this natural repellent lotion in various settings and against different

i
species of insects. Nonetheless, this research presents an innovative approach towards the

development of sustainable and naturally derived repellents to protect human health and well-

being.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, we grateful to God for the good health and well-being that were necessary to

complete this book. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our research adviser Ms.

Connie Rodriguez for continuously supporting our study, for her patience, motivation, and

immense knowledge. Her guidance helped us in all the time of research and writing of the

research study. We could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for the subject

Inquires, Investigation and immersion.

Besides to our adviser, we would like to thank the rest of the research panel committee:

Mr. John Edward Maliwanag, Mrs. Shenly Rivera and Mrs. Debbie Vicenta Idulog for their

insightful comments and encouragement, but also for the hard question which incented us to

widen our research from various perspectives.

The researchers thank their fellow co-researcher and classmates for stimulating

discussion, for the sleepless nights were working together before deadlines, and for all the fun

we have had in the this school year.

 ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………..…………………………… i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………….……………….………. ii

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study……………………………………..……………...………….1-2

Statement of the Problem……………………………………………...………………….3

Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………………………4

Statement of Hypothesis……………………………………………………..……………5

Significant of the Study………………………………………………………..………….5

Scope and Delimitation………………………………………….…………..…………….6

Definition of Terms………………………………………………………..………………7

CHAPTER II- REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE

Review of Related Studies………..………………..………………………..…………..8-9

Review of Related Literature………………………………………...……….………..9-10

CHAPTER III- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design………………………………...………….…………...………..………11

Subject of the Study…………………………………….…….………..…………….…..11

Research Instruments…………………………………….……..………..………………12

Procedure…………………………………………………………...……………………12
 Statistical Treatment …………………………..…………………….…...………………13

CHAPTER IV- ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Findings………………………………………………..…………………………….14-15

Recipe for Product ……………………………………………………….…………….15

Graph………………………………………………..……………………….………….16

Table Presentation……………………………………..………………….…………….16

CHAPTER V- SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary…………………………………………………………...……………………17

Conclusion…………………………………………………...………………………….17

Recommendation………………………………………………………………………..18

References………………………………...……………………….……..………………19

Appendices……………………...………...………………………..………..………20-24
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The Municipality of Balabac is a 2 nd class Municipality in the Province of Palawan,

Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 42,527 people. The

Municipality consists of 36 islands, including the eponymous Balabac Island . The Island is

notable for its uncommon indigenous plant, but there are two particular plants that everyone

already knows, and it is called Balanoy (in Tagalog) and Basil( in English) and there scientific

name is (Ocimum Basilicum L.). Balanoy belongs to the family of (Lamiaceae). The term

‘basil’ comes from Basilikhon, an ancient Greek word that means royal. With over 60 varieties,

including sweet basil, holy basil, lemon basil, curly basil, among others now this wonderful herb

is grown around the world , it is native to Asia and can be found growing wild in tropical and

sub-tropical regions of the world, because of its popularity ,basil is often referred to as the ‘king

of the herbs’. And Sabila (in Tagalog) in Aloe vera ( in English) in their scientific name ( Aloe

Barbadensis Miller). It belongs to Asphodelaceae (Liliaceae) family and is a shrubby or

arborescent, xerophytic, succulent, pea-green color plant. The Aloe Vera plant has been known

and used for centuries for its health, beauty, medicinal and skin care properties. The name Aloe

Vera derives from the Arabic word ‘Alloeh’ meaning ‘shining bitter subtance”,while “Vera” in

Latin means “true” .2000 years ago, the Greek scientists regarded Aloe Vera as the universal
panacea. The Egyptians called Aloe “the plant of immortality”. Today, the Aloe Vera plant has

been used for various purposes in dermatology.

Basil leaves are glossy and oval-shaped with smooth or slightly toothed edges that

typically cap slightly; the leaves are arranged oppositely along the square stems the small flowers

are borne in terminal clusters and range in color from white to magenta. Aloe Vera (Aloe

Barbadendis) is a cactus -like plant that grow in hot ,dry climates and has been used for its

medicinal properties by many cultures for millennia.

Basil leaves have been antioxidant and anti-bacterial properties, basil health

maintains skin health, boost digestion, and detoxifies the body. But did you know basil also acts

as a good insect repellent for flies and mosquitos, based on research four volatile compounds in

basil plants interrupt the mosquitoes heat and carbon dioxide sensors, reducing their ability to

recognize a meal. The compound confuses and irritates the mosquitoes, forcing them to leave to

recover their senses. We can harness this natural repellent property in several ways. In a lab test,

pure sweet basil oil applied directly to the skin showed 100 percent effectiveness in repelling

mosquitoes for 60 minutes. This treatment could become rather costly using store-bought

essential oil. One alternative is to make your own fresh basil mosquito repellent.

Balabac is still untouched and undeveloped so nature still has its way. Bugs come

out most during the wet season, especially those annoying mosquitoes, and here in Balabac basil

leaves grow in every corner, just ask your neighbors for basil leaves or Balanoy and they will

give it to you since the only known use of basil here in Balabac are for consumption. In this
study, the researchers hope that they can “Repellent Lotion From a Mixture of Basil, Coconut

oil and Aloe Vera Extract”.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine a “Repellent Lotion From a Mixture of Basil ,Coconut oil

and Aloe Vera Extract”.

Specifically, it intended to answer the following question.

1.What is the effect of repellent lotion on the skin?

2.Who can use this repellent lotion?

3.What is the effectiveness of repellent lotion ?

4. How to test the effectiveness of the repellent lotion?

 3

Conceptual Framework

INPUT
 Benefits of using Basil leaves

 Repellent lotion made from Basil leaves, Coconut oil and Aloe Vera

 Getting rid of the insects using repellent lotion from the mixture of Basil leaves,

Coconut Oil and Aloe Vera

PROCESS
 Procedural understanding

 Planning of creating the product

 Analyzing and interpretation of the collected data

OUTPUT

 Know the effect of repellent lotion from the mixture of Basil leaves ,Coconut Oil and

Aloe Vera
 4

Statement of Hypothesis

The researchers assumed that Basil, Coconut Oil, and Aloe Vera Extract cannot be

used to produce a repellent lotion.

Significant of the Study

This research entitled “Repellent Lotion from a Mixture of Basil, Coconut

Oil ,and Aloe Vera Extract” is significant for the following:

TO THE COMMUNITY:

This study can also be important to the community because by this pure herbal to

keep mosquitoes away, we could lessen the pollution little by little in the earth. By using this

repellent, and if ever it will be successful, harmful chemicals can be lessen in buying safe and

non-harmful plant based mosquito repellent

TO THE STUDENTS:
 By this investigatory research, student can be well knowledgeable about how can a

simple yet powerful and useful plants which is Basil ,Coconut oil ,and Aloe Vera Extract, can be

significant to the students lives. They can be enlightened by the uses of these plant and to the

product that will be produced in this research.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on making “Repellent Lotion from a Mixture of Basil,

Coconut Oil and Aloe Vera Extract”.

This study aims to determine the most effective concentration of extract that helps keep

mosquitoes away.

Which delimited only the product development using Basil Leaves as an Alternative

source of repellent lotion that is capable to use by consumers and possibly to the market.

RESPONDENTS: Will be limited to (10) respondents

LOCAL: This study is conducted at Balabac National High School-SHS.

TIME FRAME: This study started in September 2022 and ends on June 2023.
 6

Definition of Terms

Aloe Barbadensis Miller – consist of thick fleshy leaves with sharp tooth like points or spikes at

the edges. The leaves of Aloe-vera grow up to 18 inches in length and 2 inches in width at the

base.

Aloe Vera – is a cactus-like plants that grows in hot, dry climates and has been used for its

medical properties by many cultures for millenia.

Balanoy – also known as Ocinum Basilicum L. is a very fragrant herb, growing up to 70cm high.

Basil Leaves – is a culinary herb of the family lamiaceae. It is a tender plant, and is used in

cuisines world-wide.

Coconut Oil – the fatty oil obtained from the coconut and used candies and confections and in

cosmetics.

Lamiaceae – a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint or deadnette family.

Liliaceae – members of the family usually have six-segmented flowers and three-chambered

capsular fruits; occasionally the fruits are berries.

Lotion – a thick, smooth liquid preparation designed to be applied to the skin for medicinal or

cosmetic purposes.

Ocimum Basilicum L- is a genus of aromatic annual and perennial herbs and shrubs in the

family Lamiaceae.

Repellent – are subtances that act locally or at a distance, deterring an arthropod from flying to

landing on or biting human or animal skin( or a surface in general).

Scientific Name – this term refers to the genus and species of the three. It tell something about

the

trees appearance or the chemical present in the tree.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Review of Related Studies

Study conducted by Kumar, et. al., (2017) showed that the essential oil of Basil

(Ocimum Basilicum) leaves is recommended as an efficient repellent and as a moderate larvicide

agent against Ae. Aegypti. The discovery of bioactive components of the basil leaves oil. In

evaluating the outcome, the creation of a new strategy for mosquito management is needed to be

acquired, knowing all aspects with the help of advance way of identifying its properties and

components.
 The study conducted at the Cebu Doctor’s University research laboratory room about

the insecticidal potential of Basil plant (Ocimum Basilicum) and Clove (Syzygium Aromaticum)

and its ability on attaining 100 % mortality against American cockroaches showed that at 50%

concentration, the two leaf extracts achieved a 100% mortality of cockroaches but only differ in

terms of time and Basil having 100% mortality significantly faster compared to Clove.

In the study conducted by Laraib, I., Raza, F.A., Kiran, A. and Sajid, I.(2018) control

bioassay were conducted by mixing acetone to the Ocimum Basilicum extract. After 24 hours of

treatment, 50% mortality was recorded, 83% After 48 hours and 90% mortality after 72 hours.

Write the Ocimum Basilicum leaves extract added to ethanol extract recorded 10% mortality for

24 hours, 43% after 48 hours and 47 % after 78 hours.

In the study conducted on the National Centre, Sinhar State, Sudan to test the efficacy of

hexane extracts of rehan/basil (Ocimum Basilicum) used as a paper impregnation against the

Anopheles Arabiensis Pattin of adult mosquitoes. Results indicate that rehan/basil hexane extract

at 10% Concentration exhibits repellent property up to two hours and was superior to the

standard insecticide.

Review of Related Literature

In a 2009 study, it is found out that extracts of basil leaves (Ocimum Basilicum) can

kill a wide range of mosquito larvae because of its high toxicity and is rendered useful for the
management of mosquito larvae (Maurya , P .,Sharma, P., Moham, L.., Batabyal, L.., and

Sribasta, C,N et, Al, (2009).

On the year 2011, literatures listed that basil leaves without any complementary

compound can give a 79% efficiency on deterring several species of mosquitoes. The said review

also found a 100% deterring rate in mosquitoes under laboratory setting. The review even

highlights that basil extracts is the safest to use at 0.07% concentration for the reduction on the

risk of exposure to the known carcinogen, methyl eugenol.

This statement was also supported by Kishor et, Al (2018) as he claims that unsheltered

containers that are filled with rainwater is an excellent site for larval development for Aedes

mosquitoes. Another factor is the presence of human households as it increases dengue-carrying

mosquito’s activity. This was then supported by Baerjee et . Al. (2015) as they claimed that

household generated wastes and water retentions was said to be playing a great role in the

abundance of dengue-carrying mosquitoes.

Basil Leaves are known to be natural insect repellents for its emmited aroma.

Characterized as one among volatile plants used for killing and repelling mosquito, it is toxic if

used against the larval stage of an insect thus rendering it useful if placed near standing water

(Daniels. E., 2018).

The use of plant extract-based insecticide is currently highly capable from the

alternatives of protection against insects. A number of plant extracts containing substances with

insecticidal effects also involve a big group of the so-called essential oil (Eos). Some of the Eos

were obtained from aromatic plants which include the Ocimum Basilicum that could become a
suitable source of active substances for potential botanical larvicides. The ovipositional

preemption and ovicidal potential of five different essentials.

A study also confirmed that extracts from the Basil Plant are very toxic to mosquitoes

(Maurya, Sharma, Mohan, 2009).

When these are health-friendly extracted and mixed with a great number of

percentage of Citronellal and Citronellol, It may be now possible for a mosquito killer. This

study is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the plants as a mosquito repellent. Botanical

insecticides keep the environment pleasant and health-friendly.

10

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the step involved in making the study and experiments possible.

Plans and procedures that were followed by the researchers as stepping stones to keep the

research going and generate all the necessary information in supporting the study.

Research Design

This study used Quasi-Experimental Method of Research. It utilized the observation

of the respondents for the effect of repellent on the skin to gather the needed data essential for

the study. Quantitative methods were used to observe the effect of repellent lotion on the skin
through the use of statistical analysis. The study manipulated the effectiveness of the repellent

lotion from a mixture of Basil, Coconut Oil and Aloe Vera Extract.

Subject of the Study

The main subject of this is the Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) Coconut Oil and Aloe

Vera Extract which was proceed into repellent lotion through a series of experiments to test if it

can be a repellent lotion to be used as keep mosquitoes away and the ten (10) respondents who

tried the products to reveal the acceptability and finally to determine the success of the study.

11

Research Instruments

The following instrument was used in the conduct of the research:

1.Survey/Questionnaire: The structured Questionnaire distributed among 10 respondents was

used to gather primary data through observation of the repellent lotion.

2. Tools and Materials for the production of repellent lotion.

3. Digital Camera for Documentation.

Procedure
 The following is the procedure of how to make a “Repellent Lotion from a mixture

of Basil, Coconut Oil and Aloe Vera Extract”.

Preparation for Lotion

1.Gather all the ingredients

2.Peel the Aloe Vera and get the inside

3.Mince the basil leaves and get the blender and blend it.

4.Start heating the 3 glasses of water

5. Once the water starts boiling put the emulsifying wax and mix it

6.Once the Emulsifying wax thickness. Putting it into the container

7.After letting it cool. Blend the basil leaves and aloe vera.

12

8.Once finished blending the basil leaves and aloe vera mix the emulsion then mix it.

9.After all remove it from the blender.

10.Finally combine all the ingredients and mix them well until you get the right mixture.

Statistical Treatment

To evaluate the data from the various set up of the effect of repellent lotion on the

skin. The following statistical tools are to be used for the summation, comparison and
measurement of the effectiveness of Repellent Lotion from a mixture of Basil, Coconut Oil

and Aloe Vera Extract.

A statistical tool used to compare two groups of sample of determine weather they are

significantly different from each other. Two-way (Analysis of Variance) is a statistical test used

to analyze the effects of two independent variables on a dependent variable.

13

CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter contains data gathered from experiments conducted following the study. Listed

variables, its connections and results, as well as the interpretations of data are presented in this

part of the research.

Findings
 The research entitled “Repellent Lotion from a mixture of Basil Coconut Oil and

Aloe Vera Extract” aims to investigate the effectiveness of a repellent lotion made from a

combination of basil coconut oil and aloe vera extract in repelling insects.

The findings of the research study are as follows:

 The study found that the lotion made from basil coconut oil and aloe vera extract

exhibited significant repellent properties against various insects, including

mosquitoes, flies, and ticks. The combination of these ingredients acted as a natural

deterrent, reducing the likelihood of insect bites.

 The research also examined the duration of protection provided by the repellent

lotion. It was observed that the lotion remained effective for an extended period,

providing protection against insect bites for several hours after application.

 Another important finding was that the repellent lotion was well-tolerated by the skin.

Participants reported no adverse reactions or skin irritations after using the lotion,

indicating its safety for topical application.

 The presence of aloe vera extract in the lotion contributed to its moisturizing effect on

the skin. Participants noted that their skin felt hydrated and nourished after using the

14

repellent lotion, making it suitable for daily use.

 The study highlighted that the repellent lotion made from basil coconut oil and aloe

vera extract offers a natural alternative to conventional chemical-based insect

repellents. This finding is particularly significant for individuals who prefer organic

or eco-friendly products.
 Overall, the research findings suggest that the mixture of basil coconut oil and aloe vera

extract in the form of a repellent lotion can effectively repel insects while being safe for use on

the skin.

Recipe for Product

Ingredients

3 cups of water

3 tablespoons Emulsifying wax

4 cups Basil Leaves

4 cups Aloe Vera extract

Procedure

Mix all ingredients and blend the basil leaves. After blending the basil, follow the Aloe Vera and

emulsion that has been boiled. When you get the right consistency or the right mixture, remove

it from the blender and put it in a clean container.

15

Graph
In terms of trying, that these graph shows the percentage of acceptability of the respondents

trying this product. Out of 10 respondents 100%are familiar but, they don’t know that we can

make a lotion. Furthermore this graph shows that the most respondents are convinced that this

product are made in Aloe vera and basil leaves extract. Out of 10 respondents 95% know and 5%

do not know that it can be made into a product.

Table Presentation

Repellent Lotion

Very Effective-5 Effective- 4 Fairly Effective- 3 Not Effective- 2

5 5 5 4 4 Median

5 5 5 4 4 Median

5 5 4 4 3 Median

5 5 4 4 3 Median

5 5 4 4 3 Median

16

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary
 The study entitled “ Repellent Lotion from a mixture of Basil, Coconut Oil and Aloe

Vera Extract” was conducted from September 2022 to June 2023 at the Balabac National High

School SHS Balabac Palawan. Basil Leaves, Coconut Oil and Aloe Vera gathered from Barangay

Malaking Ilog. The research focused on developing a natural repellent lotion using basil leaves,

coconut oil, and aloe vera extract. These ingredients were chosen due to their known properties

in repelling insects. The study involved extracting the active compounds from basil leaves and

combining them with coconut oil and aloe vera extract to create a lotion. Mosquito bioassays

were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the lotion in repelling mosquitoes. The results

indicated that the repellent lotion showed promising results in deterring mosquitoes, highlighting

its potential as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional insect repellents.

Conclusion

This research demonstrates that a repellent lotion made from a mixture of basil leaves,

coconut oil, and aloe vera extract can effectively repel mosquitoes. The combination of these

natural ingredients provides an eco-friendly alternative to chemical-based insect repellents,

which often have adverse effects on human health and the environment. The active compounds

present in basil leaves act as natural mosquito deterrents when combined with coconut oil and

aloe vera extract. This finding suggests that the developed repellent lotion has great potential for

use in areas where mosquito-borne diseases are prevalent or as an everyday protection.

17

Recommendations
 Based on the results of this study, we highly recommend the use of the repellent lotion

made from a mixture of basil leaves, coconut oil, and aloe vera extract as an effective natural

solution for repelling mosquitoes. Its formulation using plant-based ingredients provides a safe

and eco-friendly alternative to commonly used chemical repellents.

To utilize this lotion, simply crush basil leaves and combine them with coconut oil and

aloe vera extract. Thoroughly mix the ingredients to ensure a homogenous blend. Apply the

lotion generously to exposed skin areas before potential mosquito exposure. Reapply as needed

for continuous protection.

By incorporating this repellent lotion into your mosquito bite prevention routine, you can

reduce the risk of mosquito-borne diseases and enjoy outdoor activities without discomfort or

health concerns. Additionally, the natural ingredients offer moisturizing and soothing benefits to

the skin, making this lotion a multifunctional product.

Further research is recommended to determine the optimal formulation of this lotion,

including exploring potential variations in ingredient ratios and investigating its repellency

against other insects. Continuous improvement and innovation in natural mosquito repellents can

contribute to public health efforts and enhance our understanding of sustainable insect control

strategies.

18
 REFERENCES

Dharmayanti,S.(2004),“Berbagai Khasiat Daun Kemangi”,

http://www.republika.co.id/suplemen/cetak detail.asp?mid
Hoedojo,R.(2000),” Morfologi, daur Hidup dan Perilaku Nyamuk”, in Srisasi
gandahusadaParastologi Kedokteran, edisi ke-3, Balai Penerbit FK UI, Jakarta, 220-222
Imansyah.(2003), Ekstrak Serai, pengusir Nyamuk Alamiah
http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/ /cetak
Nugraheni, D. (1999), “Daya Larvisida Ekstrak Buah Lerak (Sapindus rarak D.C.) terhadap
Larva Culex
Quequefasciatus, FK UGM Laboratory, Yogyakarta.
Pitojo,S.( 1996), ” Kemangi dan Selasih, printed 1, Trubis Agriwidya, Ungaran, 5-6
Russel.(1993),” Vector and Disease Information”,
www.wildlifeinformation.org
Simon,J,E. ( 1995) “ Basil”,
http://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop
Yulianto,M.S.(2002),”Efek Repelen Ekstrak daun kemangi (Azadirachta indica) terhadap
Gigitan Nyamuk Ades
Albopictus,Medical Doctor Scientific papper, Universitas Muhammadiyah,Yogyakarta.
 19

APPENDICES

Documentation

Figure 1: Getting the Basil Leaves and Aloe Vera in Malaking Ilog, Balabac Palawan

Figure 2: Basil Leaves ( Ocimum Basilicum)

 20

Figure 3: Aloe Vera Leaves ( Aloe Barbadensis Miller)

Figure 4: Peeling Basil Leaves with the hand and removing the skin of Aloe Vera with a

knife and separating its flesh.

 21

Figure 5: Blend the Basil Leaves and Aloe Vera until there is juice.

Figure 6: The extract of basil Leaves and Aloe Vera is shown here
 22

Figure 7: Measure water and emulsion to get the right mixture for thickening.

Figure 8: The result of mixing the ingredients to create a Repellent Lotion

 23

QUESTIONNAIRE

Name: _

Address: _

1. Have you used repellent lotion before?

2. On a scale of 1 to 5, how effective do you think the repellent lotion is in repelling

mosquitoes and other insects?

3. What do you think of the scent of the repellent lotion?

4. Did the consistency of the lotion feel good on your skin?

5. How long did the repellent lotion last before you felt the need to reapply it?

6. Have you noticed any skin irritation or allergic reaction after using the repellent lotion?

7. Would you be willing to recommend this repellent lotion to others?

8. What was your overall experience with the basil leaves, coconut oil and aloe vera extract
repellent lotion?
9. How likely are you to purchase this repellent lotion again?

10. Do you have any suggestions on how to improve the effectiveness or consistency of the
repellent lotion?

24