12

Community
Engagement, Solidarity
and Citizenship
Second Semester Quarter 1 – Module 1:

Concepts and Perspectives of

Community
Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship – Grade 12
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Concepts and Perspectives of Community
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Joseph Richel C. Ramos

Editor: Marcyl Ann M. Espiritu
Reviewer: Ernie L. Balbuena
Illustrator: Joseph Richel C. Ramos
Layout Artist:
Management Team:
Josephine L. Fadul – Schools Division Superintendent
Melanie P. Estacio - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
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Learning Resources Management

Printed in the Philippines by ____________________________

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Office Address: Energy Park, Apokon, Tagum City, 8100

Telefax: (084) 216-3504

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 12
Community
Engagement, Solidarity
and Citizenship
Second Semester Quarter 1 – Module 1:

Concepts and Perspectives of

Community
COMMUNITY- a group of people with a common characteristic or interest
living together within a larger society
ENGAGEMENT- an arrangement to do something or go somewhere at a fixed
time
SOLIDARITY- unity or agreement of feeling or action, especially among
individuals with a common interest
CITIZENSHIP- membership in a community
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our

dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at
home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide
you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson
prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on
lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on
completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to
self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher
are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks
on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
 Let Us Learn!

This module will give learners a glimpse of what a community is and

how it differs with society. They will also learn how a community is formed
and what makes a community a movement similar to social action. The
activities provided will enable learner to choose his future career and its
possible impact to the community. They will also become familiar with their
own community and the different institutions present in it.

Competency 1A: Explain the importance of studying community dynamics

and community action in relation to applied social sciences and the learners’
future career options, (HUMSS_CSC12-IIIa-c-1)

After studying this module, you will be able to:

1. Understand the meaning and concept of community, community

dynamics and community action;

2. Determine the similarities and differences of Community and

Society.

3. Identify the types of community in general

4. Explain the role of the learner’s future career options to the

community.

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 Let Us Try!

ACTIVITY 1: DRAW IT “COMMUNITY – THEN AND NOW”

Draw your idea of a community before and during COVID 19. Do this in a
separate long size bond paper with a landscape format and in two columns.

Community Before Covid19 Community During Covid19

Rubric for the Drawing

Criteria Rating

The drawing clearly expresses the information and

50 40 30 20 10
message.

The drawing highlights important information

25 20 15 10 5
relevant to the topic.

The quality of the output reflects the illustrator’s

25 20 15 10 5
creativity.

Total points (100)

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Guide questions:

1. What changes have you experienced in your community during this

new normal situation? how did you cope with these changes? (5 pts.)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________

2. Give at least 5 important lessons in life that this pandemic taught all
of us in our own community? (5 pts)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________
3. If you are the highest political leader in your community, what
measures will you take to contain the spread of Covid 19 within the
territory? (5 pts.)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

3
 Concepts and
Lesson Perspectives of
Community

Let Us Study

A. What is Community?

The word "community" was derived from the Latin word communis, which
means "common" or "shared." Hence, the general understanding of the word
community is that it is a social unit composed of people who have
something in common.

The Living Commune

The word community in its literal form is defined by 2 characteristics:

location and social identification

1. By Location:
 A community can be defined simply as a group of individuals
bound in a specific geographic location.

2. Social identification

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  A community is an example of collective that identifies
common traits, goals, or customs.

Hence, it can be argued that communities bind individuals into a collective

whole. More than a space, a community is made up of people. People in the
community act in the same way and of same importance. Every single one is
as integral to support the structure as everybody else.

The environment, where the community is in, molds the collective in

accordance with the demands of survival. It shapes the community to its
most optimal social composition and form. Further, communities having
shared interests, values, thoughts and attitudes motivate individuals to be a
better person, strive to achieve their dreams and aspirations in life, creating
a sense of belonging, acceptance, understanding and inspiration. Lastly,
community with a set of rules or law has the power to shape the
behavior and actions of individuals as well as influence a person's mindset
and perspective.

The Basic Community This concept is about how individuals

seek personal development without the help of others

Self Help
It lays the foundation of Capacity Building, whereby
Individuals find common avenues for cooperation and
Partnerships among others

Community This means that individual has that

Ownership sense of Commitment and Accountability

Implies volunteerism in projects

and Communal activities.

community Community Being an active member by taking part in managerial

Participation and Organizational development:
Conceptualization
Operationalization
Planning
Review of initiatives

It is integral in the binding of the collective

into a whole.

Highlights of this aspect are the two

Inclusion goals that a commune must strive
5 to create a better society:
Access
Equity
Community Dynamics:

“Community dynamics” is the process of change and development in

communities over time

Community structure and dynamics are likely a result of many processes

including demographics, energy cycling, habitat disturbance, and the
influence of other populations (Brown and Maurer, 1987; Maurer and
Brown, 1988; Weins, 1989)

Members of a community are brought together by commonly held interests,

aspirations, perspectives, and values.

Importance of Understanding Community Dynamics and Community

Action
Community Dynamics is the change and development involved in a
community that includes all forms of living organisms.

Community Action is putting communities as the center of the services

development and services delivery. This initiative aims to cater the primary
needs of the communities before implementing it. In such way, community
action will help the community dynamics or the degree of improvement of
the community.

It is important to understand these two because these will propel the

success and stability of the communities. They go hand in hand and are
proportionally related.

Community Action

Community action is any activity that increases the understanding,

engagement and empowerment of communities in the design and delivery of
local services.

It includes a broad range of activities and is sometimes described as ‘social

action' or ‘community engagement'. These activities can vary in their
objective, the role the community plays, the types of activities involved, their
scale and their integration within the council. What they have in common is
that they all involve greater engagement of local citizens in the planning,
design and delivery of local services.( info@local.gov.uk)

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Why is community action important?

Community action is about putting communities at the heart of their

own local services. Involving communities in the design and delivery of
services can help to achieve several objectives, including:

 Building community and social capacity – helping the community to

share knowledge, skills and ideas.
 Community resilience – helping the community to support itself.
 Prevention – a focus on early access to services or support,
engagement in design, cross-sector collaboration and partnerships.
 Maintaining and creating wealth – for example helping people into
employment or developing community enterprises.

B. Community vs. Society

Shyamasree Saha.08/042013
https://www.slideshare.net/payalsaha/some-basic-concepts-of-
sociology

7
C. Types of Community

A formal group is formed when people come together to accomplish

specific goals and objectives.

An informal group is formed when two or more people come together

to accomplish a specific task which is mainly socially geared.

An urban area is the region surrounding a city. An area with high

density of population.

A rural area is an open swath of land that has few homes or other
buildings, and not very many people. A rural area’s population density
is very low.

A global community are the people or nations of the world,

considered as being closely connected
by modern telecommunications and as being economically, socially,
and politically interdependent.

Sectoral means relating to the various economic sectors of a society or to

a particular economic sector.

A social space is physical or virtual space such as a social center,

online social media, or other gathering place where people gather and
interact.

There are, broadly speaking, five common features of communities.

You can classify every type of community by the purpose that brings them
together.
1. Interest. Communities of people who share the same interest or
passion.
2. Action. Communities of people trying to bring about change.
3. Place. Communities of people brought together by geographic
boundaries.
4. Practice. Communities of people in the same profession or undertake
the same activities.
5. Circumstance. Communities of people brought together by external
events/situations.

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 About 90% of community projects, especially branded communities, try
to develop a community of interest. But a community of interest competes
with our mental leisure time. Communities of interest are the hardest type
of community to develop.

The Community as a Movement

A community is more than just collective. It acts much like a living entity
that takes on life. Living within the imagination of its members, a
community also embodies a perspective, identity, and stand, much like a
social movement.

Their main difference?

Social Movement … Community …

 exist primarily of a  is bound not just by

cause that one issue or
manifests either as narrative but on a
a reaction to an plethora of
event or as a compromises that
preexisting popular are commonly
rhetoric among the accepted and
community continually
members reinforced
 More issue-specific  May embody several
and may exist social movements
primarily for its within its ecosystem.
own purpose

Community as a movement is formed through:

a. Advocacies:
 Are formed by community and its leaders through issues and
concerns.
 To improve and garner support, communities try to garner
support from other individuals or groups which are aligned with
their worldview.
 Advocacies include multitudes of topics where people are
compelled to push for value-specific agendas that are shared
through their supporters
b. Networking:
 A collaboration of groups and individuals from various walks of
life which find commonalities and avenues for cooperation and

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 partnerships forming linkages that are important for
mobilization and value creation.
 Partnerships can take form between individuals or groups of
various backgrounds that share common identification, but at
the same time, contribute on different levels to solve problems
and overcome obstacles

Social Action

 Stands on the foundation of advocacies and networking. Community

hopes to address the issues of the status quo through the combined
efforts of actors.
 Planning, conceptualization, operationalization, and implementation
of action will not be possible without the political will of actors
towards meeting general compromise to effect social change.

D. What can I do with my degree in Social Sciences?

Social Science Careers

The occupations listed below are a selection of those which may
interest Social Sciences students and graduates from the School of Social
Policy, Sociology and Social Research.

Advice Worker- Advice Workers provide information, advice and guidance

on a range of topics depending on the role. These topics may include
housing, employment, welfare, education, finance and law.

Civil Service Career- The Civil Service delivers public services according to
government policies. There are many different departments and so a huge
variety of different roles.

Charity Officer- here are a variety of different roles within charities

including project management, volunteer co-ordination and fund raising.

Community Development Worker- Working in communities and liaising

with different agencies to bring about change and improvements. Some work
may be targeted towards certain groups of people e.g. the unemployed or the
homeless.

Community Education Officer- Promoting and coordinating a range of

educational options to members of a local community.

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Equality and Diversity Officer- Equality Officers promote diversity and
work to ensure that people are treated fairly and not discriminated against
for characteristics including race, gender, age or disability.

Family Support Worker- Working with families facing a variety of

difficulties and helping them to solve problems and move forward.

Housing Officer- Housing Officers work for local authorities or housing

associations to manage rented accommodation including solving problems
raised by tenants, organizing maintenance, allocating properties and dealing
with payment issues. Housing Policy Officers develop policies for local
authorities or housing associations.

Human Resources Officer- Human Resources Officers aim to ensure that

organizations have a skilled and efficient workforce. They are involved in
recruitment and selection, training and development, grievance and
discipline and provide advice on employment law.

Immigration, Customs and Border Roles- There are a variety of roles

involving monitoring people, banned substances and other goods leaving
and entering the country to ensure safety and security and to maintain the
law.

Intelligence Analyst- Analyzing and assessing intelligence data largely for

the purposes of security and crime prevention.

International Aid/Development Worker- Working to improve the lives of

people in developing countries.

Legal Careers- Providing legal services to clients.

Local Government Careers- Developing policies and delivering local

services. There are a huge variety of roles within local government including
roles in social care, housing and education to name just a few.

Mediator- Working with people to help them solve conflicts and

disagreements.

Police Officer- Police Officers work to make communities safer by

maintaining the law and preventing crime.

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Prison Officer- Prison Officers are responsible for maintaining security in
prisons and supporting the rehabilitation of prisoners.

Probation Officer- Probation Officers work with offenders and aim to reduce
rates of re-offending and protect the public.

Psychologist- There are a range of different psychologist roles but broadly

they help clients to improve their psychological well-being.

Psychotherapy, Counselling and mental Roles- Supporting people to

overcome a range of psychological or emotional difficulties.

Social Researcher- Social Researchers could work for universities or

research/market research organizations. Social research covers a wide
range of topics including crime, transport and education. Social Researchers
manage research projects including collecting and analyzing data and
presenting the results.

Social Worker- Social Workers work with people in the community who
need support, for example, the elderly, children who are at risk, people with
disabilities or mental health difficulties.

Substance Misuse Worker- Supporting clients to overcome their problems

with drug, alcohol or solvent misuse.

Teacher/Lecturer/Education Roles- There are a variety of opportunities

within education from primary schools to universities.

Victim Care Officer- Providing help to people who have been victims of
crime, including supporting them during court proceedings.

Volunteer Coordinator- Managing the recruitment, training, placement and

retention of volunteers.

Youth Offending Officer- Working with young offenders with the aim of
reducing rates of re-offending and supporting young people to achieve
positive outcomes.

Youth Worker- Working with young people to provide support, raise

aspirations and break down barriers to achieving. This is done in a variety of
ways including through recreational activities, organizing projects,
mentoring and liaising with other agencies.

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 Let Us Practice: Activity 2

INSTRUCTIONS: In your own words, explain this statement Community

is formed by people and people is transformed by community. (not less
than 50 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________

Rubric for the Activity

The content and ideas are organized in a clear, logical manner. 20

The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding the 15

topic.

The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content. 15

Total points (50)

Let Us Remember

 The word "community" was derived from the Latin word communis,
which means "common" or "shared."
 The word community in its literal form is defined by 2
characteristics: location and social identification
 There are important elements that make community such as Self
Help, Community Ownership, Community Participation and Inclusion
 “Community dynamics” is the process of change and development in
communities over time

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  Community action is any activity that increases the understanding,
engagement and empowerment of communities in the design and
delivery of local services.
 Involving communities in the design and delivery of services can help
to achieve a number of objectives, including: Building community and
social capacity; Community resilience; Prevention ;Maintaining and
creating wealth
 There are various types of community which includes : formal
group is formed when people come together to accomplish specific
goals and objectives; an informal group is formed when two or more
people come together to accomplish a specific task which is mainly
socially geared; an urban area is the region surrounding a city; a
rural area is an open swath of land that has few homes or other
buildings, and not very many people. A rural area’s population density
is very low; a global community are the people or nations of the
world, considered as being closely connected
by modern telecommunications and as being economically, socially,
and politically interdependent; Sectoral means relating to the
various economic sectors of a society or to a particular economic
sector; a social space is physical or virtual space such as
a social center, online social media, or other gathering place where
people gather and interact.

 There are, broadly speaking, five common features of communities.

 You can classify every type of community by the purpose that brings
them together.: Interest, Action, Place, Practice, Circumstance.

 A community is more than just collective. It acts much like a living

entity that takes on life. Living within the imagination of its members,
a community also embodies a perspective, identity, and stand, much
like a social movement.
 A Community as a movement is formed through: Advocacies and
Networking

Let Us Assess

INSTRUCTIONS: Choose the letter of the correct answer

1.It exists primarily of a cause that manifests either as a reaction to an

event or as a preexisting popular rhetoric among the community members.
a. Social Action b. Social Movement
c. Engagement d. Community

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2. A definite geographic area is not an essential aspect.
a. Community b. Institution c. Society d. Nation

3. A collaboration of groups and individuals from various walks of life which

find commonalities and avenues for cooperation and partnerships forming
linkages that are important for mobilization and value creation.
a. Networking b. Community
c. Social Movement d. Advocacies

4. This concept is about how individuals seek personal development without

the help of others.
a. Ambition b. Self-help c. Inclusion d. Participation

5. This means that individual has develop a sense of Commitment and

Accountability
a. Community Participation b. Community Action
c. Self-help d. Community Ownership

6.Give 3 differences of community and society.

Community Society
1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

Fill in the blanks:

___________7. A social unit compose of people who have something in
common.

__________8. any activity that increases the understanding, engagement and

empowerment of communities in the design and delivery of local services

__________9. The process of change and development in communities over

time.

__________10. Defining a community is an example of collective that

identifies common traits, goals, or customs

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 Let Us Enhance

ACTIVITY 3: I Dream: “My Future Self”

 Using your creativity, find a whole-body picture of your dream

profession from magazines, posters or online images (example soldier,
doctor, lawyer, businessman, engineer, teacher, etc).
 Cut out a photo of your face and paste it on the body of your chosen
dream profession, replacing its original face photo with yours. This
time, your output will look as if an original photo of your future self.
(see the example below)
 Answer the guide questions

Example on how to do it: “Joel wants to become a soldier in the

future, so he looked for an image of a soldier which head he
replaced with his own as shown below:

Dream Your Picture Your Future Self

Career/Profession
(Picture from internet or
magazines)

Teacher Me

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 (Note; ONLY the edited “future self” in the 3 rd column will be pasted
below)

My Future Self Fill in the details below:

*Paste Here* I,___________________________(fullname)

Dream to be a/an____________________

In the future.

With my profession my greatest role

in our community will be (give at
least 3 roles)

1.

2.

3.

RUBRICS

Description Points

Appearance The picture fits well with the 35

body and is well balanced

Source The picture is taken from 30

internet or magazines and not
drawn

Holistic The image output is in whole 20

body

Overall The final output looks as if 15

original self-photo.

TOTAL 100

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Guide questions: ( 5 pts each)

1. What do you think influenced you to form this dream?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. How do you think this dream will help you? Your future family? Your
Community?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. What are your advocacies in life? How are these advocacies affect your
dream to be somebody in the future?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

4. What networks or linkages will you need so that your future self can have
positive impact to your community? Expound your answer.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Let Us Reflect: Activity 4

1. How does my current community (place where you live now)

influenced me personally and my future career plan?

2. As a grade 12 student, in what way can I contribute to my

community especially in this time of pandemic?

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Answer key to Activities

ANSWER KEY:

1.B 7. Community
2.C 8. Community Action
3.A 9. Community Dynamics
4.B 10. Social Identification
5.D
6.

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 References

Delos Santos, D. (2017). Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship.

Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc. (RBSI) Revenson, T. (ed) et al (2002). A
Quarter Century of Community Psychology. Spring Street, New York: Kluwer
Academy/Plenum Publishers

Shyamasree Saha.08/042013 https://www.slideshare.net/payalsaha/some-basic-

concepts-of-sociology

20