Stiochem
Stiochem
Stiochem
7 Calcium chloride can be made by reacting calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.
An excess of calcium carbonate was added to 50.0 cm3 of 0.500 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid. The
solution was filtered to remove the excess calcium carbonate.
(b) Deduce the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas made in this reaction.
........................................ g [2]
(d) Calculate the volume, in dm3, of carbon dioxide made in this reaction at room temperature and
pressure (r.t.p.).
[Total: 6]
(a) Chlorine can be made in the laboratory by heating manganese(IV) oxide with concentrated
hydrochloric acid.
Calculate the volume of 8.00 mol / dm3 HCl (aq) needed to react with 3.48 g of MnO2.
................................ mol
................................ mol
................................ cm3
[4]
(b) A student bubbled chlorine gas into a test-tube containing aqueous potassium bromide.
(e) Iodine forms an oxide which has the composition by mass: I, 76.0%; O, 24.0%.
(i) Use this information to determine the empirical formula of this oxide of iodine.
Predict and explain the effect of adding Universal Indicator to an aqueous solution of this
oxide of iodine.
explanation .........................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 21]
(b) (i) 5.95 g of cobalt(II) carbonate were added to 40 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, concentration
2.0 mol / dm3.
Calculate the maximum yield of cobalt(II) chloride-6-water and show that the cobalt(II)
carbonate was in excess.
maximum yield:
number of moles of HCl used = ……………………….……… (use your value from above)
(ii) Explain how these calculations show that cobalt(II) carbonate is in excess.
[1]
[Total: 10]
I2 + Cl2 → 2ICl
[2]
(b) When the equilibrium mixture is heated, it becomes a darker brown colour.
Suggest if the reverse reaction is endothermic or exothermic. Give a reason for your choice.
[1]
(i) How would this affect the position of equilibrium? Give a reason for your choice.
reason
[1]
[1]
(d) Calculate the overall energy change for the reaction between iodine and chlorine using the
bond energy values shown.
I2 + Cl2 → 2ICl
I–I 151
Cl – Cl 242
I – Cl 208
[3]
(e) Draw a labelled energy level diagram for the reaction between iodine and chlorine using the
information in (d).
[2]
[Total: 10]
3 When lead(II) nitrate is heated, two gases are given off and solid lead(II) oxide remains.
The equation for the reaction is shown.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) 6.62 g of lead(II) nitrate are heated until there is no further change in mass.
........................... g [2]
(ii) Calculate the volume of oxygen, O2, produced at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
test .............................................................................................................................................
result ..........................................................................................................................................
[2]
6.00 g of copper(II) oxide were added to 50.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid. This was an
excess of copper(II) oxide.
(a) The rate of the reaction can be increased by increasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid
or by heating it.
(i) In terms of collisions, explain why increasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid
increases the rate of the reaction.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) In terms of collisions, explain why heating the hydrochloric acid increases the rate of the
reaction.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) (i) Calculate the number of moles of copper(II) oxide added to the hydrochloric acid.
(iii) Calculate the mass of copper(II) oxide that did not react.
(c) Crystals of hydrated copper(II) chloride were obtained from the solution at the end of the
reaction.
The crystals had the following composition by mass: Cl, 41.52%; Cu, 37.43%; H, 2.34%;
O, 18.71%.
[Total: 11]
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(b) 25 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon, CxHy, were burnt in 150 cm3 of oxygen. This was an excess
of oxygen.
After cooling, the volume of the gases remaining was 100 cm3. This consisted of 75 cm3 of
carbon dioxide and 25 cm3 of unreacted oxygen. The water that was produced in the reaction
was liquid.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What was the volume of oxygen that reacted with the hydrocarbon?
(iii) Complete the table to show the smallest whole number ratio of volumes.
volume of
volume of volume of
: : carbon dioxide
hydrocarbon reacted oxygen reacted
produced
smallest whole
number ratio of : :
volumes
[1]
(iv) Use your answer to (b)(iii) to balance the chemical equation. Deduce the formula of the
hydrocarbon.
[Total: 12]
(d) Dilute sulfuric acid reacts with aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate in a neutralisation reaction.
In a titration, 0.200 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate was used to neutralise
20.0 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid of concentration 0.150 mol / dm3.
(i) Calculate the number of moles of dilute sulfuric acid used in the titration.
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydrogencarbonate needed to neutralise the
dilute sulfuric acid.
(iii) Calculate the volume, in cm3, of 0.200 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate
needed to neutralise the dilute sulfuric acid.
[Total: 17]