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Stiochem

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12

7 Calcium chloride can be made by reacting calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl 2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

An excess of calcium carbonate was added to 50.0 cm3 of 0.500 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid. The
solution was filtered to remove the excess calcium carbonate.

(a) How many moles of HCl were used in this reaction?

..................................... mol [2]

(b) Deduce the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas made in this reaction.

..................................... mol [1]

(c) Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide made in this reaction.

........................................ g [2]

(d) Calculate the volume, in dm3, of carbon dioxide made in this reaction at room temperature and
pressure (r.t.p.).

.................................... dm3 [1]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2016 0620/41/O/N/16


7

5 Chlorine, bromine and iodine are halogens.

(a) Chlorine can be made in the laboratory by heating manganese(IV) oxide with concentrated
hydrochloric acid.

MnO2(s) + 4HCl (aq) → MnCl 2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl 2(g)

Calculate the volume of 8.00 mol / dm3 HCl (aq) needed to react with 3.48 g of MnO2.

• moles of MnO2 used

................................ mol

• moles of HCl needed

................................ mol

• volume of HCl needed

................................ cm3
[4]

(b) A student bubbled chlorine gas into a test-tube containing aqueous potassium bromide.

(i) Describe the colour change seen in the test-tube.

from ............................................................... to ...............................................................


[2]

(ii) Complete the ionic equation for this reaction.

Include state symbols.

Cl 2(g) + ......Br –(aq) → ................ + ................


[3]

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/O/N/16 [Turn over


9

(e) Iodine forms an oxide which has the composition by mass: I, 76.0%; O, 24.0%.

(i) Use this information to determine the empirical formula of this oxide of iodine.

empirical formula ................................. [3]

(ii) The oxide of iodine in (e)(i) dissolves in water.

Predict and explain the effect of adding Universal Indicator to an aqueous solution of this
oxide of iodine.

effect on Universal Indicator ...............................................................................................

explanation .........................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 21]

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/O/N/16 [Turn over


11

(b) (i) 5.95 g of cobalt(II) carbonate were added to 40 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, concentration
2.0 mol / dm3.

Calculate the maximum yield of cobalt(II) chloride-6-water and show that the cobalt(II)
carbonate was in excess.

CoCO3 + 2HCl → CoCl2 + CO2 + H2O

CoCl2 + 6H2O → CoCl2.6H2O

maximum yield:

number of moles of HCl used = ………………………………………………...…..…….

number of moles of CoCl2 formed = ……………………………………………..….……

number of moles of CoCl2.6H2O formed = ………………………………………..…..…

mass of one mole of CoCl2.6H2O = 238 g

maximum yield of CoCl2.6H2O = …………………………………………………..…..… g

to show that cobalt(II) carbonate is in excess:

number of moles of HCl used = ……………………….……… (use your value from above)

mass of one mole of CoCO3 = 119 g

number of moles of CoCO3 in 5.95 g of cobalt(II) carbonate = ………………………… [5]

(ii) Explain how these calculations show that cobalt(II) carbonate is in excess.

[1]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2014 0620/04/SP/16 [Turn over


12

7 Iodine reacts with chlorine to form dark brown iodine monochloride.

I2 + Cl2 → 2ICl

This reacts with more chlorine to give yellow iodine trichloride.


An equilibrium forms between these iodine chlorides.

ICl(l) + Cl2(g) =! ICl3(s)


dark brown yellow

(a) What do you understand by the term equilibrium?

[2]

(b) When the equilibrium mixture is heated, it becomes a darker brown colour.
Suggest if the reverse reaction is endothermic or exothermic. Give a reason for your choice.

[1]

(c) The pressure on the equilibrium mixture is decreased.

(i) How would this affect the position of equilibrium? Give a reason for your choice.

It would move to the

reason

[1]

(ii) Describe what you would observe.

[1]

© UCLES 2014 0620/04/SP/16


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(d) Calculate the overall energy change for the reaction between iodine and chlorine using the
bond energy values shown.

I2 + Cl2 → 2ICl

Bond Energy / kJ per mol

I–I 151
Cl – Cl 242
I – Cl 208

Show your working.

[3]

(e) Draw a labelled energy level diagram for the reaction between iodine and chlorine using the
information in (d).

[2]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2014 0620/04/SP/16 [Turn over


4

3 When lead(II) nitrate is heated, two gases are given off and solid lead(II) oxide remains.
The equation for the reaction is shown.

2Pb(NO3)2(s) → 2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)

(a) Calculate the Mr of lead(II) nitrate.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) 6.62 g of lead(II) nitrate are heated until there is no further change in mass.

(i) Calculate the mass of lead(II) oxide produced.

........................... g [2]

(ii) Calculate the volume of oxygen, O2, produced at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

........................... dm3 [2]

(c) Describe a test for oxygen.

test .............................................................................................................................................

result ..........................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2016 0620/43/O/N/16


14

7 Copper(II) oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

CuO(s) + 2HCl (aq) CuCl 2(aq) + H2O(l)

6.00 g of copper(II) oxide were added to 50.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid. This was an
excess of copper(II) oxide.

(a) The rate of the reaction can be increased by increasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid
or by heating it.

(i) In terms of collisions, explain why increasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid
increases the rate of the reaction.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) In terms of collisions, explain why heating the hydrochloric acid increases the rate of the
reaction.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17


15

(b) (i) Calculate the number of moles of copper(II) oxide added to the hydrochloric acid.

moles of copper(II) oxide = ............................. mol [2]

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used.

moles of hydrochloric acid = ............................. mol [1]

(iii) Calculate the mass of copper(II) oxide that did not react.

mass of copper(II) oxide that did not react = ............................. g [2]

(c) Crystals of hydrated copper(II) chloride were obtained from the solution at the end of the
reaction.

The crystals had the following composition by mass: Cl, 41.52%; Cu, 37.43%; H, 2.34%;
O, 18.71%.

Calculate the empirical formula of the crystals.

empirical formula = ............................. [2]

[Total: 11]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2017 0620/41/O/N/17


10

(b) 25 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon, CxHy, were burnt in 150 cm3 of oxygen. This was an excess
of oxygen.

After cooling, the volume of the gases remaining was 100 cm3. This consisted of 75 cm3 of
carbon dioxide and 25 cm3 of unreacted oxygen. The water that was produced in the reaction
was liquid.

All volumes were measured at the same temperature and pressure.

(i) What is meant by an excess of oxygen?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) What was the volume of oxygen that reacted with the hydrocarbon?

............................. cm3 [1]

(iii) Complete the table to show the smallest whole number ratio of volumes.

volume of
volume of volume of
: : carbon dioxide
hydrocarbon reacted oxygen reacted
produced

smallest whole
number ratio of : :
volumes

[1]

(iv) Use your answer to (b)(iii) to balance the chemical equation. Deduce the formula of the
hydrocarbon.

CxHy(g) + ......O2(g) ......CO2(g) + ......H2O(l)

formula of the hydrocarbon = ............................. [2]

[Total: 12]

© UCLES 2017 0620/43/O/N/17


9

(d) Dilute sulfuric acid reacts with aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate in a neutralisation reaction.

H2SO4(aq) + 2NaHCO3(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 2CO2(g)

In a titration, 0.200 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate was used to neutralise
20.0 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid of concentration 0.150 mol / dm3.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of dilute sulfuric acid used in the titration.

.............................. mol [1]

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydrogencarbonate needed to neutralise the
dilute sulfuric acid.

.............................. mol [1]

(iii) Calculate the volume, in cm3, of 0.200 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate
needed to neutralise the dilute sulfuric acid.

.............................. cm3 [1]

[Total: 17]

© UCLES 2018 0620/41/O/N/18 [Turn over

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