1

1 Sodium hydroxide is used to make the red dye alizarin.

Alizarin is soluble in ethanol.

A crystal of alizarin is placed in a beaker of ethanol.

After a few hours, the red colour has spread throughout the beaker.

crystal of ethanol
alizarin

at the start after a few hours

Explain these observations using the kinetic particle model.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

2 Complete the diagram to show the electron arrangement in a chlorine atom.

Cl

[2]

[Total: 2]

3 Steel is an alloy of iron.

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(a) Choose two substances from the list that are used in the conversion of iron from the blast
furnace into steel.

calcium oxide

carbon dioxide

hydrogen

nitrogen

oxygen

silicon(IV) oxide

sulfur dioxide

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) State the meaning of the term alloy.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

4 Iron is extracted from iron ore in a blast furnace.

(a) Name an ore of iron.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) (i) Complete the chemical equation for the reduction of iron(III) oxide in the blast furnace.

Fe2O3 + .......CO → .......Fe + 3CO2 [2]

(ii) State the meaning of the term reduction.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(c) Calcium carbonate (limestone) is added to the blast furnace.

The calcium carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition.

State the meaning of the term thermal decomposition.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]
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[Total: 6]

5 A student investigates the rate of decomposition of aqueous hydrogen peroxide using 0.2 g of a
catalyst.

2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2

The rate of reaction is found by measuring the volume of oxygen gas produced as time increases.

The results are shown on the graph.

60

50

40

volume of
oxygen gas 30
produced / cm3

20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
time / s

3
(a) Deduce the time taken to collect 35 cm of oxygen gas.

time = ............................ s [1]

(b) The experiment is repeated using 0.2 g of smaller pieces of the catalyst.

All other conditions stay the same.

Draw a line on the grid to show how the volume of oxygen gas produced changes as time
increases. [2]
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(c) Describe the effect each of the following has on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

All other conditions stay the same.

the reaction is carried out at a higher temperature ...........................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

the reaction is carried out using a lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide .................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 5]

6 A student investigates the reaction of large pieces of copper(II) carbonate with dilute hydrochloric
acid. The hydrochloric acid is in excess.

CuCO3 + 2HCl → CuCl2 + CO2 + H2O

Describe the effect each of the following has on the rate of reaction of copper(II) carbonate
with dilute hydrochloric acid.

(a) The reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The reaction is carried out using a lower concentration of hydrochloric acid.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

7 Fluorine reacts with water to produce hydrogen fluoride and oxygen.

(a) Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.

......F2 + 2H2O → ......HF + O2

[2]

(b) In this reaction both oxidation and reduction take place.

State the meaning of the term oxidation.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

8 Some Group VII elements react with aqueous solutions containing halide ions.

(a) When aqueous bromine is added to aqueous potassium iodide a reaction occurs.

The ionic half-equations for the reaction are shown.

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Br2(aq) + 2e → 2Br- (aq)

2I−(aq) → I2(aq) + 2e-

(i) Describe the colour change of the solution.

original colour of potassium iodide solution ...........................................................

final colour of reaction mixture .............................................................................. [2]

(ii) State the name of the general term given to the type of reaction in which electrons are
transferred from one species to another.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Identify the oxidising agent in this reaction. Give a reason for your answer.

oxidising agent ......................................................................................................

reason ................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Use the key to complete the table to show the results of adding aqueous halogens to aqueous
solutions of halides. One has been completed for you.

[2]

[Total: 7]

9 Aqueous potassium iodide reacts with aqueous copper(II) sulfate to produce iodine.

(a) Balance the chemical equation for this reaction.

KI + CuSO4 → CuI + I2 + K2SO4

[2]

(b) Deduce the charge on the copper ion in CuI.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) In terms of electron transfer, explain why copper is reduced in this reaction.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(d) Identify the reducing agent.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

10 Describe the reaction of excess dilute hydrochloric acid with magnesium and with
magnesium carbonate.

Give the names of the products and any observations.

(a) reaction with magnesium

products.............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

observations......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) reaction with magnesium carbonate

products.............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

observations......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]

11
(a) Describe how universal indicator can be used to find the pH of an acidic solution.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Choose the pH value that is acidic.

Draw a circle around your answer.

pH 2 pH 7 pH 10 pH 14

[1]

[Total: 3]

12 A student prepares calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, by adding calcium carbonate to dilute nitric acid.
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(a) Write the chemical equation for this reaction.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Describe two observations during this reaction.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 4]

13 Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, is slightly soluble in water.

Calcium hydroxide can be made by the reaction of calcium with water.

(a) Write the chemical equation for this reaction.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Name another substance that reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

14 The symbol equation for the reaction of lithium with water is shown below.

2Li(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2LiOH(aq) + H2(g)

Write the word equation for this reaction.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

15 The symbol equation for the reaction of lithium with water is shown below.

2Li(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2LiOH(aq) + H2(g)

(a) Describe two observations which can be made when lithium reacts with water.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Describe how the reactivity of potassium with water compares with the reactivity of lithium
with water.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]
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16 Sodium carbide, Na2C2, reacts with water to form ethyne, C2H2.

(a) Complete the symbol equation for this reaction. (Hint: Balance the equation)

Na2C2 + .......H2O → .......NaOH + C2H2 [2]

(b) Calculate the relative formula mass of sodium carbide.

[1]

[Total: 3]

17 Hydrogen chloride can be prepared in the laboratory by heating sodium chloride with
concentrated
sulfuric acid.

The equation for the reaction is shown below.

2NaCl + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2HCl

State the name of the salt formed as a product in this reaction.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

18 Beryllium is in Group II and Period 2 of the Periodic Table.

Beryllium carbide, Be2C, reacts with water. Beryllium hydroxide and methane are formed.

Be2C + 4H2O → 2Be(OH)2 + CH4

Calculate the relative formula mass of beryllium hydroxide.

[2]

[Total: 2]
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19 Mercury is a liquid at room temperature. When heated, it changes to mercury vapour.

Explain, using the kinetic particle theory, the differences in the arrangement and motion of the
particles in liquid mercury and mercury vapour. [Hint: You can use a diagram to show the
arrangements of the particles in liquids and gases]

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..................................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]
20. (a) The electronic structures of five atoms, A, B, C, D and E, are shown.

Answer the following questions about these electronic structures.

Each electronic structure may be used once, more than once or not at all.

State which electronic structure, A, B, C, D or E, represents:

(i) an atom in Group III of the Periodic Table

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) an atom of a noble gas

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) an atom that forms a stable ion with a single positive charge

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) an atom that contains only two shells of electrons

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) an atom with a proton number of 16.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]