Hard Copy Hand Outs in AT 101

Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY

SIGMA SATELLITE COLLEGE
Sigma, Capiz
Website: www.capsu.edu.ph email address:sigma@capsu.edu.ph
Prof. Manny Leo B. Pleñago Jan Jan V. Feldonea

Course Facilitator BTVTed II Yellow
Student
AT-103 UNDERCHASSIS COMPONENTS SERVICING, REPAIRING

MAINTENANCE
Automotive differential and rear axle housing

(topic)
WHAT IS DIFFERENTIAL?
 Differential is a very important part in a vehicle, as a component transfer the
engine power is transmitted to the wheels. engine power is transferred by a rear
propeller shaft to wheel first changed direction by differential rotation are then
referred to rear axle shafts after that to the rear wheels.
FUNCTION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL

 is to reduce the speed received by the propeller shaft to produce a great a
moment and to change the direction of rotation of propeller shaft 900 is
transmitted to wheel next round through the rear axle shaft rear separately.
However, if the differential is not working then it will result in the vehicle which
cannot be run.
Types of differential:
OPEN DIFFERENTIAL
What it does:
Splits engine torque into two outputs each of which is able to rotate at a different
speed.
Shortcomings:
When one tire loss traction, the opposing tire also experiences a torque reduction. In
the worst case, your car is stuck with one wheel freely spinning while the tire with
better traction can’t deliver enough torque to budge the vehicle. Modern traction-
control systems compensate by applying the brakes (and thus a reaction torque) to the
slipping wheel. That said, a more sophisticated diff is generally quicker-acting and
more effective than this type.
Founds In:
Anything without the pretense of performance or off-road ability
-family sedans, crossovers, minivans, economy cars etc.
LOCKING DIFFERENTIAL
What it does:
With the diff locked, the connected wheels always spin at equal speeds. In sand, mud,
and snow, a locked differential ensures that torque continues to flow to the wheel with
higher traction.
Shortcomings:
Behaves like an open differential when not locked. Locking the diff on a high-grip
surface such as dry pavement makes it difficult to turn the vehicle and can grenade
the drive-line.
Found in:
Jeep wrangler, Mercedes-Benzes g class, ram 2500 power wagon; optional on most
full-size trucks.
LIMITED-SLIP DIFFERENTIAL
What it does:
A limited-slip differential marries the concept of open and locked diffs, working like an
open differential the majority of the time, then automatically beginning to lock as slip
occurs. Lock-up can be achieved via a viscous fluid, a clutch pack, or a complex gear
train.
Shortcomings:
Purely mechanical limited-slip diffs are reactive. That is, they don’t begin to look up
until after wheel slip has occurred.
Found in:
Nissan 370Z with sport package (viscous), Mazda MX-5 Miata (clutch type), scion FR-
S/Subaru BRZ (Helical gears).
TORQUE-VECTORING DIFFERENTIAL
The most complicated and advanced type of differential, a torque-vectoring diff uses a
collection of sensors and electronics to obtain data from various things (road surface,
throttle position, steering system, etc.) to activate electronically actuated clutches and
a controller.
Also known as active differentials, they work in the most efficient way which results in
a truly dynamic, high performance driving experience. Torque-vectoring differentials
can be found in some high performance rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive vehicles.
REAR AXLE HOUSING

 In between the differential and the driving wheels is the rear axle to transmit
power from the differential to the driving wheels. It is clear from the
construction of the differential, that the rear axle is not a single piece, but it is
in two halves connected by the differential, one part is known as the half shaft.
CLASSIFICATION OF REAR AXLE

 Depending upon the methods of supporting the rear axles and mounting the
rear wheels, the rear axles are of the three types.
1. Semi-floating axle
2. Full floating axle
3. Three quarter floating axle
CLASSIFICATION OF REAR AXLE

1. According to the design of axle:
2. According to the method of supporting:
1. According to the design of axle:

(A.) Banjo axle:
This type of axle is a single shaft and final drive assembly is carried in a separate
casing which is bolted to the axle housing. The banjo construction is often used for
smaller and lighter vehicle.
(B.) Split axle:
In this type of axle split shaft are used with the central housing contain the differential
gear and it is fitted with a tube on each side to carry the half axles and bearing.
2. According to the method of supporting:

A.) Half floating rear axle
B.) Three quarter floating rear axle
C.) Full floating rear axle
Semi-Floating Axle:
 A semi-floating axle has a bearing located on the axle and inside the axle
casing. It has to support all the loads as listed above. Therefore, it needs to be
of a larger size, for the same torque output, than any other type. The inner end
of the axle is supported by the differential side gear.
Full-Floating Axle:
 A full floating axle has two deep groove ball or taper roller bearings, located
between the axle casing and wheel hub. The outer of an axle is made flanged to
which the wheel hub is bolted. The axle is not supported by bearing at either
end, and its position is maintained by the way that it is supported at both ends.
Thus the axle is relieved of all strain caused by the weight of the vehicle on the
end thrust. It transmits only the driving torque. For this reason, it is called full
floating. The axle may be removed from the housing without distributing the
wheel by removing the nuts.
 An additional advantage of this design is the ability to the vehicle even if it has
a broken axle. This type of axle is more, expensive and heavier than the other
axle. It is usually fitted on commercial vehicles
Three-Quarter Floating Axle:
 This type of axle has a bearing placed between the hub and the axle casing.
Thus, the weight of the vehicle is transferred to the axle casing, and only the
side thrust and driving torque are taken by the axle. The axle is keyed rigidly to
the hub, thus proving the driving connection and maintaining the alignment of
the wheel. The inner end of this axle has the same construction as that of the
semi-floating axle. Although the three-quarter floating axle is more reliable it is
not as simple as the semi-floating axle.
End!!!
PORTFOLIO
IN
AT-103 UNDERCHASSIS
COMPONENTS
SERVICING, REPAIRING
MAINTENANCE
SUBMITTED BY:
JAN JAN FAELDONEA
BTVETED II YELLOW
SUBMITTED TO:
PROF. MANNY LEO B. PLEÑAGO
COURSE FACILITATOR

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Republic of the Philippines

CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY

Prof. Manny Leo B. Pleñago Jan Jan V. Feldonea

AT-103 UNDERCHASSIS COMPONENTS SERVICING, REPAIRING

Automotive differential and rear axle housing

FUNCTION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL

REAR AXLE HOUSING

CLASSIFICATION OF REAR AXLE

CLASSIFICATION OF REAR AXLE

1. According to the design of axle:

2. According to the method of supporting:

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