CovGram_3Eng_CovGram_3Eng 23/02/2011 9:42 ΜΜ Page 1

GRAMMARWAY 3
Grammarway 3 is the third book Key Features

Jenny Dooley-Virginia Evans

in a four-level grammar series in ñ clear, simple presentation of grammar structures through
full colour. Designed for learners
functional examples and attractive photographs and
illustrations
at intermediate level, the book ñ comprehensive theory boxes
ñ a variety of exercises with spaces for filling in answers
presents and practises English ñ exercises designed to help the learner use appropriate
language patterns in everyday situations
grammar structures systematically. ñ colourful photographs and illustrations
This book can be used to
ñ error correction exercises
ñ oral and writing activities at the end of each unit
supplement any main course ñ a revision box in each unit
ñ revision units
at intermediate level. ñ progress tests

The Teacher’s Book provides:

ñ a full key to the exercises in the Student’s Book

ñ detailed notes on how to present the theory and exploit
the exercises in the Student’s Book
Jenny Dooley - Virginia Evans
ñ photocopiable assessment tests
ISBN 978-1-903128-94-7
The Picture Flashcards can be used for classroom
Express Publishing
presentation and practice of the new structures in each unit
and can be downloaded from www.expresspublishing.co.uk.

Components

ñ Student’s Book
ñ Teacher’s Book
ñ Picture Flashcards
3GRAMWAY engl_CONTENTS_3GRAMWAY engl_CONTENTS 24/02/2011 9:01 ΜΜ Page 3

Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 5

Unit 1 Present Forms (Present Simple - Present Continuous - Present Perfect - Present Perfect
Continuous) ............................................................................................................................... 6
Unit 2 Past Forms (Past Simple - Past Continuous - Used to/Be used to/Get used to - Past Perfect -
Past Perfect Continuous) .......................................................................................................... 18
Unit 3 Future Forms (Future Simple - Be going to - Present Continuous - Present Simple -
Future Continuous - Future Perfect - Future Perfect Continuous) ................................................. 30
Unit 4 Infinitive - Too/Enough - The -ing form - Participles .................................................................. 42
Revision 1 (Units 1 - 4) ........................................................................................................................... 54
Unit 5 Modal Verbs (Must/Have to - Mustn’t - Needn’t/Don’t have to - Didn’t need to - Needn’t have done -
Can/Could/Be able to - May/Might - Shall - Will/Would - Should/Ought to) ................................. 56
Unit 6 The Passive ............................................................................................................................. 74
Unit 7 Clauses (Time Clauses - Clauses of Result - Clauses of Reason - Clauses of Purpose -
Clauses of Contrast - Exclamations - Clauses of Manner) .......................................................... 86
Unit 8 Conditionals - Wishes - Would Rather/Had Better - Unreal Past ................................................. 98
Revision 2 (Units 1 - 8) .......................................................................................................................... 110
Unit 9 Relatives (Relative Pronouns/Adverbs - Identifying/Non-Identifying Clauses) ............................ 112
Unit 10 Reported Speech ................................................................................................................... 120
Unit 11 Have Something Done ............................................................................................................. 134
Unit 12 Nouns - Articles (Countable/Uncountable Nouns - Compound Nouns - Singular/Plural Verb Forms -
The Indefinite/Definite Article) ................................................................................................ 138
Revision 3 (Units 1 - 12) ......................................................................................................................... 148
Unit 13 Adjectives - Adverbs - Comparisons ........................................................................................ 150
Unit 14 Pronouns - Possessives - Demonstratives - Quantifiers ............................................................ 160
Unit 15 Questions (Questions with Yes/No answers - Negative Questions - Wh- Questions -
Subject/Object Questions - Indirect Questions - Question Tags)................................................. 174
Unit 16 Prepositions (Place - Movement - Time) - Linking Words ......................................................... 182
Revision 4 (Units 1 - 16) ......................................................................................................................... 192
Irregular Verbs ............................................................................................................................................. 194
Appendices .............................................................................................................................................. 197
Progress Tests .............................................................................................................................................. 201

3
3GRAMWAY engl_CONTENTS_3GRAMWAY engl_CONTENTS 24/02/2011 9:01 ΜΜ Page 5

Introduction
Grammarway 3 is the third book in a four-level grammar series presented in full colour. The book is
designed for learners of the English language at intermediate level, and can be used for self-study or in
the classroom as a supplement to any course at this level.
The aim of the book is to help learners understand English grammar structures through comprehensive
theory tables and functional examples, accompanied by a wealth of attractive photographs and
illustrations.
The book consists of 16 units, each focusing on a particular grammar topic.
A typical unit contains:
ñ presentation of the grammar structure by means of visual prompts
ñ simple, concise explanation of the grammar structure
ñ examples in everyday conversational English, together with a few expressions showing
slightly more formal use
ñ exercises practising the new structures, to help learners use appropriate patterns in
everyday situations
ñ speaking and writing activities to practise the new structures in oral and written form
ñ a revision box in each unit
A revision unit follows every four units to consolidate material presented
in previous units.
Eight Progress Tests, each covering two consecutive units, are included at the end of the
book. They may be used to assess students’ progress before the main class test.
The Picture Flashcards which accompany the book can be used for lively, motivating
presentation of the target grammar structures.
The book adheres to the principle that every structure should first be heard, then practised in oral, and
finally, in written form. Based on the use of full-colour visual stimuli, the book encourages learners to
speak before writing, and allows them to practise English structures through a variety of enjoyable and
useful activities.
The Student’s Book is accompanied by a Teacher’s Book containing:
ñ guidance on presenting the theory of each unit, with or without
Picture Flashcards
ñ a full key to the exercises in the Student’s Book
ñ four tests with two different versions of each test

Thanks
The authors would like to thank Rania Dunn, Anna Miller, Laura Houston, Tamzin Thompson and Steven
Davies for their help in producing this book. Many thanks to the Express Publishing design team
E. Morrison, J. Malls and V. Winston. We would also like to thank those institutions and teachers who
piloted the manuscript, and whose comments and feedback were invaluable in the production of the
book.

5
3GRAMWAY engl_01_3GRAMWAY engl_01 24/02/2011 9:01 ΜΜ Page 6

Present Simple Present Continuous

FORM FORM
I / You work. — He / She / It works. I am (’m) / You are (’re) / He is (’s) working.
Do you work? — Does he work? Yes, I do./No, he Are you / Is he working? Yes, I am./No, he isn’t.
doesn’t. I am (’m) not / He is not (isn’t) / They are not (aren’t)
I do not (don’t) work. — He does not (doesn’t) work. working.

Use
The present simple is used: The present continuous is used:

◆ for permanent states, repeated actions and daily ◆ for actions taking place now, at the moment of
routines. speaking, or for temporary actions; that is actions
that are going on around now, but not at the actual
He works at a hotel. moment of speaking.
(permanent state)
He lays the tables and Helen is working hard
serves dinner every day. these days. Right now
(daily routine/repeated she’s reading a
actions) newspaper. (She is not
working at the moment of
◆ for general truths and laws of nature. speaking.)

◆ with always when we want to express our irritation

It rarely rains in the
at actions which happen
desert.
too often.

You’re always
forgetting to pay
◆ for timetables (trains, the bills.
planes, etc.) and
programmes. ◆ for actions that we have already arranged to do in
the near future, especially when the time and place
The plane to London
have been decided.
takes off at 6:50 am.
Melanie is getting married
at 3 this afternoon.
◆ for sports commentaries, reviews and narration.
(The time and the place for
the wedding ceremony have
a) Hill kicks the ball and
been decided.)
passes it to Dawson.
(sports commentary) ◆ for changing or developing situations.
b) Laura Hunt acts
superbly in the film. More and more forests are
(review) disappearing because of
c) So, the prince tells fires.
her ... (narration)
The present simple is used with the following time
expressions: always, usually, etc., every day/week/ The present continuous is used with the following
month/year, etc., on Mondays/Tuesdays, etc., in the time expressions: now, at the moment, these days, at
morning/afternoon/evening, at night/the weekend, etc. present, tonight, nowadays, still, etc.

6
3GRAMWAY engl_01_3GRAMWAY engl_01 24/02/2011 9:01 ΜΜ Page 7

Look at Appendix 1 and put the How is our world changing? Look at the
1 following verbs into the correct box in 4 pictures and the prompts and make
the 3rd person singular. sentences using the present continuous.

scratch, say, try, set, play, do, stop, miss, stay, e.g. More people are recycling rubbish nowadays.
fry, drive, fix, cry, freeze, teach, pray, crash, fly,
type 1 2

+s sets

ss, sh, ch, x, o, + es scratches more people / recycle / the climate / get /
rubbish nowadays warmer every year
vowel + y + s says
3 4
consonant + y ➝ ies tries

more wild animals / become

more young people / / extinct these days
Look at Appendix 1, add -ing to the buy / cars nowadays
2 following verbs and put them into the
correct box.
draw, lie, dive, put, drink, run, tie, write, type,
5 6
throw, die, apply, cancel, sit

+ ing drawing
computers / become / cities / grow / bigger
faster every year every year
-ie ➝ y + ing lying

-e ➝ ing diving Read the following extracts and put the

5 verbs in brackets into the present simple
double putting or the present continuous. Then, say what
consonant + ing use of these tenses each extract shows.

A These days, it seems everything 1) ...is changing...

(change). Cities 2) ...................................... (become)
Expand the following into sentences in
bigger and busier every year, technology 3) .............
3 order to make true statements with
................................ (develop) faster than ever before,
doesn’t or don’t where necessary.
and scientists 4) ................................................ (learn)
1 water / boil / at 100ÆC more about the way things work.
Water boils at 100˚C. 100ÆC and
2 rice / grow / on trees B Water 1) ....................................... (boil) at
2) ................................ ....... (free ze) when the
Rice doesn’t grow on trees. ................................... (drop)
temperature 3) ........
3 chicks / hatch / from eggs r 4) ..... (be) differ ent, howe ver.
below 0ÆC. Salt wate
4 kangaroos / live / in Spain
5 plants / need / water to grow C This film 1) ................... (be) great! It 2) ......................
6 rain / fall / from clouds (have) an all-star cast and the script 3) .....................
7 astronauts / travel / in submarines (be) very funny. The action 4) .....................................
8 cows / lay / eggs (begin) when two young men 5) ................................
9 pandas / live / in Italy (try) to rob a bank.…
10 elephants / eat / meat
D … Rogers 1) ................................. (kick) the ball and
11 fish / walk / on land
2) .................................................... (pass) it to Jones.
12 the sun / set / in the east Jones 3) .............................. (run) down the pitch. He
13 bees / give milk 4) .................................... (pass) the ball to Smith who
14 caterpillars / turn / into butterflies 5) ..................... (shoot) and 6) .................... (score)!
15 wool / come / from sheep

7
3GRAMWAY engl_01_3GRAMWAY engl_01 24/02/2011 9:01 ΜΜ Page 8

Read about Celine’s daily routine and

Adverbs of Frequency 8 make sentences, as in the example.
Then, talk about your daily routine
using adverbs of frequency.
◆ The present simple is often used with adverbs of
frequency (always, usually, often, sometimes, S1: Celine usually wakes up at 7 in the morning.
seldom/rarely, never, etc.) to show how often S2: She always drives to work in the morning.
something happens. The adverbs of frequency
morning evening
answer the question How often...?.
e.g. How often do you go to bed early? ñ usually wake up at 7 ñ usually have
ñ always drive to work dinner at 6
I always/ usually go to bed early.
ñ normally get to work ñ often watch TV
100% 75% 50% 25% 10% 0% by 9 ñ never go to bed
always usually often sometimes rarely/ never before 11
seldom
◆ Adverbs of frequency come before the main S1: I always wake up at 7:30 in the morning.
S2: I usually go to school on foot in the morning.
verb (listen, watch, etc.), but after the verb to be
and auxiliary or modal verbs, such as do, can,
Michael McIntosh is a politician. Read the
must, etc. The adverbs rarely, seldom and never
have a negative meaning and are never used
9 text and put the verbs in brackets into
the present simple or the present
with the word not. continuous.
e.g. Emily never watches horror films.
Michael McIntosh 1) ...is... (be) a very busy man.
You must always behave yourself at school.
Every morning, he 2) ............................ (leave) home
Does Roger often call you during the week?
at 8 o’clock, and 3) ............................ (go) to his office. He
Adverbs of frequency always go before the auxi-
4) .............................................. (usually/have) meetings
liary verb in short answers.
until lunchtime, and in the afternoon, he 5) ......................
e.g. Do you buy expensive clothes? No, I never do.
........................ (often/visit) the people of Madewell. He
really 6) ..................................... (enjoy) talking to people.
At the moment, he and his team 7) ...............................
In pairs, ask and answer questions using
6 the prompts below, as in the example. ............................ (organise) his election campaign. There
are elections in June and he 8) ......................................
SA: Do you often go to the cinema? (hope) to persuade lots of people to vote for him.
SB: Yes, I do. I usually go to the cinema at the weekend. Next month, he 9) ................................. (go) to London
to meet the Prime Minister. They 10) ..................................
1 go to the cinema 4 listen to the radio
(have) a meeting to discuss future plans for Madewell.
2 buy magazines 5 phone your friends
3 watch quiz shows 6 play computer games
Read the information about the people
10 and make sentences, as in the example.
Put the adverbs of frequency in the correct
7 position. S1: Alex is a photographer. S2:He works from 9 to 5.

1 A: Do you often go to parties, Keith?

B: Yes, I go to parties at the weekend. (often)
Yes, I often go to parties at the weekend.
2 A: Do you wear sports clothes at work?
B: No, I do. (never)
3 A: Jack is late again!
B: I know. He arrives on time. (never)
ñ Alex, photographer ñ Philip, teacher
4 A: When do you go shopping?
ñ work from 9 to 5 ñ work from 9 to 6
B: I do my shopping on Fridays. (usually)
ñ have lunch at studio ñ have lunch at school
5 A: Does your boss often ask you to work overtime?
ñ work outdoors at the ñ practise a new play with
B: No, he does. (seldom)
moment students at the moment
6 A: You should listen to your parents’ advice. (always)
ñ fly to Milan on Saturday ñ get married next month
B: That’s exactly what I do.

8
3GRAMWAY engl_01_3GRAMWAY engl_01 24/02/2011 9:01 ΜΜ Page 9

State Verbs 11
Put the verbs in brackets into the
present simple or the present continuous.

State verbs are verbs which do not normally 1 A: ...Do you know... (you/know) that man over there?
have continuous tenses because they describe B: Actually, I do. He’s Muriel’s husband.
a state rather than an action. These include: 2 A: Are you doing anything tomorrow evening?
◆ verbs which express likes and dislikes: like, B: Yes. I ........................................... (see) Jack at
love, hate, dislike, enjoy, prefer, etc. nine o’clock.
e.g. Cathy likes romantic films. 3 A: I .............................. (see) you’re feeling better.
◆ verbs of perception: believe, know, notice, B: Yes, I am, thank you.
remember, forget, recognise, understand, realise, 4 A: What’s that noise?
seem, think, etc. e.g. I don’t believe a word he’s B: The people next door ............................ (have)
saying. a party.
5 A: Graham ........................ (have) a new computer.
◆ verbs of the senses: see, hear, feel, taste, look, B: I know. I’ve already seen it.
smell, sound. We often use can or could with
6 A: This dress ....................................... (not/fit) me
these verbs when we refer to what we see, hear,
any more.
etc. at the moment of speaking.
B: Why don’t you buy a new one?
e.g. The soup tastes delicious.
7 A: Your perfume ............................... (smell) nice.
John must be in the attic. I can hear his footsteps.
What is it?
◆ some other verbs: be, contain, fit, include, B: It’s a new perfume called Sunshine.
matter, need, belong, cost, owe, mean, own, 8 A: What is Jane doing?
appear, want, have (=possess), etc. B: She ................................. (smell) the flowers in
e.g. This book is mine. It belongs to me. the garden.
9 A: What ........................................... (you/look) at?
Some state verbs have continuous tenses, but
B: Some photos I took during my holidays. They
there is a difference in meaning.
aren’t very good, though.
Study the following examples:
10 A: You ............................ (look) very pretty today.
1) I think she’s Italian. (=believe) B: Thank you. I’ve just had my hair cut.
I’m thinking about my holiday. 11 A: I .......................... (think) we’re being followed.
(=am considering) B: Don’t be silly! It’s just your imagination.
2) The soup tastes awful. (=has an awful flavour) 12 A: Is anything wrong?
She’s tasting the soup. (=is testing the flavour of) B: No. I ................................ (just/think) about the
3) I can see an aeroplane in the sky. (=perceive party tonight.
with my eyes) 13 A: This fabric .................................. (feel) like silk.
I’m seeing Jill tonight. (=am meeting) B: It is silk, and it was very expensive.
14 A: What are you doing?
4) Susan looks tired. (=appears)
B: I .............................. (feel) the radiator to see if
Susan is looking at some photos. (=is studying)
it’s getting warm.
5) The room smells of perfume. (=has the smell) 15 A: She ............................ (be) generous, isn’t she?
The cat is smelling its food. (=is sniffing) B: Yes, she has never been a mean person.
6) This towel feels soft. (=has a soft texture) 16 A: He .................................. (be) very quiet today,
Jill is feeling her son’s forehead. (=is touching) isn’t he?
7) He is selfish. (character — permanent state) B: Yes, I think he has some problems.
He is being selfish. (behaviour — temporary situation) 17 A: Would you like some cherries?
B: Yes, please. I ........................... (love) cherries.
8) He has a sports car. (=possesses)
They’re my favourite fruit.
He’s having lunch now. (=is eating — idiom)
18 A: I’m sorry, but I ...................................................
Some idioms with have include: (not understand) what you mean.
breakfast / lunch / dinner, etc. B: Shall I explain it again?
a bath / shower / swim / party, etc. 19 A: The children are making lots of noise today.
have a(n) accident / experience / dream, etc. B: I know, but they ................................ (have) fun.
a baby 20 A: This cake ................................... (taste) awful.
difficulty / fun / trouble, etc. B: I think I forgot to put the sugar in it!

9
3GRAMWAY engl_01_3GRAMWAY engl_01 24/02/2011 9:01 ΜΜ Page 10

Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous

FORM FORM
I/You have (’ve) left/arrived. I/You have(’ve) been reading.
He/She/It has (’s) left/arrived. He/She/It has(’s) been reading.
Have you left/arrived? Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. Have you been reading? Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.
You have not (haven’t) left/arrived. Has he/she it been reading?
He/She/It has not (hasn’t) left/arrived. You have not (haven’t) been reading.
He/She/It has not (hasn’t) been reading.

Use
The present perfect and the present perfect continuous connect the past and the present. That is, they
describe actions which started in the past and continue up to the present or actions which were completed
in the past but whose results affect the present.
◆ The present perfect is used to describe an ◆ The present perfect continuous is used to put
action which started in the past and continues emphasis on the duration of an action which
up to the present, especially with state verbs started in the past and continues up to the present,
such as have, like, know, be, etc. In this case, we especially with time expressions such as for, since,
often use for and since. all morning/day/
They have been friends for twenty years. (They met week, etc.
each other twenty years ago and they are still friends.)
Sarah has been
picking
EN

vegetables for
O
TH

two hours. (She

started picking
vegetables two
hours ago and
she is still picking
them now.)

◆ The present perfect continuous is also used for an

action which started
and finished in the
◆ The present perfect is also used for an action past and lasted for
which has recently finished and whose result is some time. The result
visible in the present. of the action is visible
in the present.

He is dirty. He has
She has picked been playing football.
a lot of apples. (He is no longer
(The apples are playing football, but the
in the basket, so fact that his clothes are
the action has dirty is visible now.)
finished.) Note: With the verbs feel (have a particular emotion),
live, work and teach we can use the present
perfect or present perfect continuous with no
difference in meaning.
e.g. He has felt/has been feeling unwell all morning.

10
3GRAMWAY engl_01_3GRAMWAY engl_01 24/02/2011 9:01 ΜΜ Page 11

◆ The present perfect is used for an action which

happened at an unstated time in the past. The exact time
is not important, so it is not mentioned. The emphasis is
placed on the action.
a) He has broken his arm. (The exact time is not mentioned.
What is important is the fact that his arm is broken.)
b) Peter has been to Paris four times. (The exact time of each
of his visits is not mentioned. What is important is the fact that
he has visited Paris four times.)

◆ The present perfect is also used for an action which has

happened within a specific time period, which is not over
at the moment of speaking, such as today, this morning/
afternoon/week/month/year, etc.
She has received three faxes this morning. (The action has
been repeated three times up to now and may happen again
because the time period - this morning - is not over yet.)
She received three faxes this morning. (The time period - this
morning - is over. It is now afternoon or evening).

◆ The present perfect continuous is used to express anger,

annoyance or irritation.
Who has been reading my business papers? (The speaker is
irritated.)

Both the present perfect and the present perfect The present perfect is usually used with the
continuous are used with the following time following time expressions:
expressions: ñ already
ñ how long e.g. We have already seen this film.
e.g. How long have you known Jack? Have you finished already?
How long have you been learning English? ñ yet
ñ for (duration) e.g. Has Roger left yet? Simon has not finished yet.
e.g. I have known Jack for five years. ñ just e.g. I have just phoned Jill.
I have not seen Emily for a long time. ñ always
She has been working here for twenty years. e.g. She has always loved animals.
ñ since (starting point) ñ ever
e.g. They have been married since last April. e.g. Have you ever been abroad?
We have been living here since 1980. ñ never
I have not talked to Ann since last Sunday. e.g. She has never been to France.
ñ lately/recently ñ so far
e.g. Have you seen any good films lately/recently? e.g. I have sent twenty invitations so far.
She has been going out a lot lately/recently. What have you done so far?

4 ............. I moved to York, I have been much happier.

12 Fill in for or since. 5 Have you been waiting ............. a long time?
6 I have been waiting for you ............. four o’clock.
1 I have lived in this village .......since....... I was born. 7 She hasn’t bought a new coat ............. three years.
2 It has been raining ............ hours. I wish it would stop. 8 Karen has been on the phone ...................... ages!
3 My father has been the manager of this firm ............. 9 I have known Neil ............. 1994.
ten years. 10 Jane has been my best friend ............. many years.

11
3GRAMWAY engl_01_3GRAMWAY engl_01 24/02/2011 9:01 ΜΜ Page 12

In pairs, make up short exchanges using The people below are on a cruise ship. What
13 the prompts below, as in the example. 15 have they been doing since 10 o’clock this
morning? In pairs, make up exchanges
SA: The water is cold. Haven’t you turned on the using the prompts below, as in the
example.
water heater?
SB: No, I haven’t turned it on. SA: Mrs Peters is sunbathing.
1 The water is cold. (turn on / the water heater) SB: Yes, she’s been sunbathing since 10 o’clock this
2 The fridge is empty. (do / the shopping) morning.
3 There is no electricity. (pay / the bill) 1 Mrs Peters / sunbathe 5 Mr Burrows / walk on
4 It’s raining. (bring / your umbrella) 2 Tom and Jerry / swim the deck
5 The cat is hungry. (feed / it) 3 Miss Houston / read 6 Tim and Alan / play
6 The bedroom is a mess. (tidy / it) her book chess
7 The landlord is on the phone. (pay / the rent) 4 Sandra and Helen / talk
8 I can’t see anything. It’s dark. (bring / your torch)
Fill in the gaps with one of the verbs from
The Parkers have recently won the lottery. As 16 the list in the present perfect continuous.
14 a result, their life has changed. Look at the
pictures and the prompts and describe try, snow, jog, play, work, walk
the changes, as in the example.
e.g. Mr Parker has put on weight.

Alice Chris
Mr Parker

1 He’s wet. He ...has 2 He’s tired. He ..........

Mrs Parker been playing... in the ...................................
water. hard.

3 She’s cold. She ...... 4 Everything is white. It

....................... in the ...................................
snow for three hours. all night.

put on weight grow a beard

take up tennis all buy new clothes 5 They’re hot. They .... 6 He’s confused. He ...
hire a butler join the pony club ................................... ............... to solve the
lose weight buy some nice furniture
since 7 o’clock. problem all morning.
move to a bigger house

12
3GRAMWAY engl_01_3GRAMWAY engl_01 24/02/2011 9:01 ΜΜ Page 13

It is 11 o’clock. The following people all started Put the verbs in brackets into the
17 work earlier this morning. Look at the 19 present perfect or continuous, using
information and say how long they have short forms where appropriate.
been working and how much work they
have done so far, as in the example. 1 A: How long ...have you known... (you/know) Alison?
B: We ........... (be) friends since we were children.
S1: Sandra’s been typing since 9 o’clock / for two 2 A: Who ............................................ (use) the car?
hours. B: I was. Is there a problem?
S2: She’s typed twenty letters so far. 3 A: What are Andrew and David doing?
B: They ........................................................ (work)
Name Started/Activity Completed in the garden for three hours.
4 A: Why is Sally upset?
Sandra 9 o’clock / type 20 letters B: She ............................................ (lose) her bag.
Kim 8 o’clock / clean 4 rooms 5 A: I ................................................(always/believe)
the house that exercise is good for you.
B: Of course, it’s good to keep fit.
Bob 10 o’clock / examine 3 patients 6 A: Emily ...................................................... (teach)
patients maths since she left university.
B: Yes, and she’s a very good teacher, too.
John 7 o’clock / deliver 30 parcels 7 A: Fred ................................... (open) a new shop.
parcels B: Really? Where is it?
Helen 10 o’clock / draw 4 pictures 8 A: This pie is delicious.
pictures B: Is it? I ...................................... (not/taste) it yet.
9 A: Have you found your umbrella yet?
B: No, I ..................... (look) for it for an hour now.
10 A: You look exhausted.
Fill in the gaps with recently, how long,
B: Well, I ............................................... (clean) the
18 yet, for, always, ever, already, since, so far or
windows since 8 o’clock this morning.
just. Sometimes more than one answer
is possible. 11 A: Can I have some more lemonade, please?
B: Sorry, your brother ............................................
1 A: Has Tom finished his exams ...yet...? (just/drink) it all.
B: No. He finishes them next Thursday. 12 A: Have you got new neighbours?
2 A: .......................... has Janet been working at the B: Yes, they ..................... (just/move) to the area.
hospital?
B: She has been working there ................ she left
Put the verbs in brackets into the present
school. 20 perfect or the present perfect continuous.
3 A: How are you finding your new job?
B: Great. I haven’t had any problems ................. .
4 A: Is John at home, please? Dear Connie,
B: No, I’m afraid he’s ............................. gone out.
5 A: Have you been waiting long? I hope you are enjoying yourself at university. I’m sure
B: Yes, I’ve been here .......................... two hours. you 1) ...’ve been studying... (study) hard. Everything is
6 A: Has Martin ................................ been to Spain? fine here at home. Billly 2) .................................................
B: No, I don’t think so. (just/receive) his school report. It was bad, as usual. He
7 A: Have you spoken to Matthew ..........................? 3) .................................... (decide) to leave school next
B: Yes. I phoned him last night. year and find a job. Fiona 4) .......................................
8 A: Can you do the washing-up for me, please? (go) to the gym every day for the past two weeks. She
B: Don’t worry. Mike has .......................... done it. 5) ................................................... (try) to get in shape
9 A: Lucy has ................. been musical, hasn’t she? for the summer. She 6) ....................................................
B: Yes, she started playing the piano when she ............. (already/plan) her holiday in the sun. Your father
was five years old. 7) ................................................ (sell) the old car and he
10 A: Shall we go to that new restaurant tonight? 8) ......................................... (buy) a new one. It’s lovely —
B: Yes. I have ............. been there. It’s really nice. much nicer than the old one.
11 A: Your dog’s been barking .............. three hours! Anyway, write soon.
B: I’m sorry. I’ll take him inside. Love,
12 A: Have you finished reading that book yet? Mum
B: No, I’ve ............................................... started it.

13
3GRAMWAY engl_01_3GRAMWAY engl_01 24/02/2011 9:02 ΜΜ Page 14

Have gone (to) / Have been (to)

Where are the Millers?

Where have
you been?

They’ve gone
to Buenos Aires.

We’ve been
to Buenos Aires.

◆ They have gone to the theatre. (This means they have not come back yet. They are still at the theatre.)
◆ He has been to Japan. (This means that he has visited Japan; he is not there now. He has come back.)

Fill in the gaps with have/has been (to) or 5 ‘Have you been for a walk?’
21 have/has gone (to). ‘Yes. I often ............. for walks in the evenings.’
A have gone B am going C go
Jack: Hi, Jill. Where’s Paul? 6 ‘Have you seen any films lately?’
Jill: Oh, he 1) ...has gone to... London for a few days. ‘Yes. Actually, I ............. two this week.’
Jack: Really! I 2) ............................. London recently. A have seen B am seeing C see
I came back yesterday. 3) ........ you ........ there?
Jill: No, I haven’t. Paul 4) ............................... twice 7 ‘What .............?’
before, though. Where’s Sarah? ‘It’s a piece of cherry pie. Mum made it yesterday.’
Jack: She 5) ......................................... Spain for two A are you eating B do you eat C have you eaten
weeks with her parents. They 6) ....................... 8 ‘Are you going on holiday this summer?’
there to visit some friends. ‘Yes. I ............. enough money.’
Jill: When is she coming back? A am saving B have already saved C save
Jack: They’ll all be back next weekend. 9 ‘Is Todd reading the newspaper?’
‘No. He ............. dinner at the moment.’
A has been making B makes C is making
22 Choose the correct answer. 10 ‘Have you bought any new CDs recently?’
‘Yes. Actually, I ............. two this week.’
1 ‘What time does the train leave?’ A have bought B have been buying C am buying
‘I think it ..A... at 2 o’clock.’ 11 ‘What time does the play start?’
A leaves B has been leaving C has left ‘I think it ............. at 8 o’clock.’
2 ‘Where are Tom and Pauline?’ A has been starting B starts C has started
‘They ............. to the supermarket.’ 12 ‘Where is Mark?’
A have just gone B have been going C go ‘He ............. to the library to return some books.’
3 ‘What is Jill doing these days?’ A has gone B has been C is going
‘She ............. for a job for six months.’ 13 ‘What ............. ?’
A is looking B has been looking C looks ‘It’s a letter to my pen-friend. I’m telling her my
4 ‘Is Mandy watching TV?’ news.’
‘No. She ............. her homework right now.’ A have you written B do you write
A is always doing B is doing C does C are you writing

14
3GRAMWAY engl_01_3GRAMWAY engl_01 24/02/2011 9:02 ΜΜ Page 15

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct

23 Underline the correct tense. 25 tense.

1 Liz and I are good friends. We know/have known 1 Who ......has been using....... (use) my toothbrush?
each other for four years. 2 ‘What ....................................................... (you/do)?’
2 Sarah is very tired. She has been working/is ‘I ........................ (write) a letter.’
working hard all day. 3 Samantha ..................................... (play) tennis with
3 ‘Where is John?’ ‘He’s upstairs. He does/is doing friends every weekend.
his homework.’ 4 Tim and Matilda ......................................... (be)
4 I can’t go to the party on Saturday. I am leaving/ married since 1991.
have been leaving for Spain on Friday night. 5 Uncle Bill ..................................... (just/decorate)
5 Jane has finished/is finishing cleaning her room, the bathroom.
and now she is going out with her friends. 6 Pauline and Tom ........................................... (sing)
6 I didn’t recognise Tom. He looks/is looking so in the school choir twice a week.
different in a suit. 7 Who ..................................... (you/speak) to?
7 I don’t need to wash my car. Jim washes/has 8 Sarah is very happy. She .....................................
washed it for me already. (win) a poetry competition.
8 Ian has been talking/is talking to his boss for an 9 He .................................. (drink) two cups of coffee
hour now. this morning.
9 Claire’s train arrives/has arrived at 3 o’clock. I 10 My friend ..................................... (live) in America
must go and meet her at the station. at the moment.
10 ‘Would you like to borrow this book?’ ‘No, thanks. I 11 They ..................................... (usually/change) jobs
have read/have been reading it before.’ every five years.
11 ‘Where are you going/do you go?’ ‘To the cinema. 12 I ................................ (normally/cut) my hair myself.
Would you like to come with me?’ 13 Linda ......................................................... (study) in
12 Have you seen my bag? I am searching/have the library for three hours.
been searching for it all morning. 14 We ..................................... (play) in a concert next
13 ‘Is Colin here?’ ‘I don’t know. I haven’t seen/ weekend.
haven’t been seeing him all day.’ 15 Who ............................................... (read) my diary?
14 Sophie is very clever. She is speaking/speaks 16 Tim .......................................... (leave) the house at
seven different languages. 7 o’clock every morning.
15 We are moving/have moved house tomorrow. 17 ................................. (your mother/work) in a bank?
Everything is packed. 18 ..................................... (you/drink) coffee with your
breakfast every day?
19 We ..................................... (make) plans for our
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct summer holidays right now.
24 tense. 20 They .............................. (move) house in September.

1 A: What ...are you doing... (you/do)?

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
B: Nothing. I ....................... (just/finish) my lunch. 26 tense.
2 A: Where ............................. (you/be) all morning?
B: I .................. (clean) my house since 8 o’clock.
3 A: .................... (you/do) anything next weekend? Dear Nick,
B: No, I ......................... (not/make) any plans yet. This is just a short note to tell you I 1) ...’m
4 A: Jane looks great. ............................................... arriving/arrive... (arrive) at the airport at 5 pm on
(she/lose) weight? Saturday, 10th December. I 2) .............................. (be)
B: Yes, she ..................... (exercise) a lot recently. very busy recently, and that’s why I 3)
5 A: .................................. (be/you) busy right now? .......................................... (not/write) to you for a while.
B: Yes, I ................... (just/start) typing this report. I 4) ..................................... (plan) this trip for months,
6 A: Where is Peter? so now I 5) ........................... (look forward) to spending
B: He .................... (wash) the car at the moment. some time with you and your family. I 6)
7 A: Who ......................... (be) your favourite actor? ........................... (hope) you will be able to meet me at
B: I ......................................... (like) Sean Connery the airport. Please give my love to your wife and the
since I was a child. children.
8 A: ........................... (you/do) your homework yet? See you soon,
B: Almost; I ......................................... (do) it now. James

15
3GRAMWAY engl_01_3GRAMWAY engl_01 24/02/2011 9:02 ΜΜ Page 16

Put the verbs in brackets into the

27 correct tense.
29 Correct the mistakes.

Molly: Hi Peter. I 1) ...haven’t seen... (not/see) you for 1 They have been to the shops. They’ll be home
a long time. soon.
Peter: Hi Molly. I 2) ........................................................ 2 Joe plays in the garden at the moment.
(travel) for the past two months. 3 I am going to work by car every day.
Molly: Really? I 3) ................................................ (plan) 4 The builders finish the block of flats already.
a trip at the moment. I 4) .................................... 5 He has been breaking his arm.
(leave) next month for Australia. 6 Sam have just finished reading a very interesting
Peter: That’s great. 5) .................................................... book.
(you/arrange) a place to stay once you get there? 7 Water is boiling at 100ÆC.
Molly: Yes, a campsite. It 6) ............................... (be) a 8 John is living here since 1986.
very nice place.
9 I study this subject for five years.
Peter: And 7) ................................................. (you/buy)
10 Who has use my scissors?
your ticket yet?
Molly: No, not yet. Actually, I 8) ............................. (go)
to the travel agent’s this afternoon to buy it.
Peter: Oh. I 9) ........................................ (go) into town IN OTHER WORDS
later today. You can come with me in my car. Study these examples. The second sentence
Molly: Thanks. I 10) ............................................ (meet) has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
my brother for lunch at 1 o’clock, so I’ll come to
your house at 2 o’clock. 1 I’ve never had such a good meal.
Peter: Great! See you then. ever It’s the best meal I have ever had.
2 She started collecting postcards four years ago.
been She has been collecting postcards for
four years.
28 Choose the correct answer.
3 They haven’t finished painting the house yet.
still They are still painting the house.
1 ‘ ..C... your sister recently?’ 4 I’ve never ridden a camel before.
‘Yes, she came to visit last weekend.’ first It’s the first time I’ve ridden a camel.
A Have you been seeing B You have seen
C Have you seen
2 ‘I didn’t know Sarah could drive.’
‘Oh yes, she ............. since last April.’ Complete each sentence with two to
A has been driving B has driven C is driving 30 five words, including the word in bold.
3 ‘Where is Jason?’
‘He ............. at the swimming pool.’ 1 She hasn’t finished cooking the meal yet.
A is being B is C has been still She .........is still cooking.......... the meal.
4 ‘This is a great book.’ 2 I’ve never met such an interesting person.
‘I know. I .............. it twice already.’ ever He’s the most interesting person I ..........
A have read B am reading ........................................................... met.
C have been reading 3 He started repairing the roof three hours ago.
5 ‘Hello, Jane. I’m home.’ been He .............................................................
‘Where have you been? I .............. for you all day!’ the roof for three hours.
A have been looking B look C am looking 4 They’ve never visited an old castle before.
first It’s .............................................................
6 ‘Are you having a holiday this year?’
have visited an old castle.
‘Yes, I .............. to Hawaii.’
5 Robert is still decorating the flat.
A am going B have been C have gone
finished Robert .................................... the flat yet.
7 ‘Who does your hair for you?’ 6 It’s the most boring book I’ve ever read.
‘My mother usually .................. it.’ never I ..................................................................
A is cutting B cuts C has cut such a boring book.
8 ‘Your socks are all wet!’ 7 He started playing rugby four years ago.
‘Don’t worry. I ................. another pair with me.’ been He .............................................................
A am bringing B bring C have brought rugby for four years.

16
3GRAMWAY engl_01_3GRAMWAY engl_01 24/02/2011 9:02 ΜΜ Page 17

Prepositions
belong to sb look at sb/sth
come from (a place) stay at (a place) Activity
listen to sb/sth wait for sb/sth
Life on earth is changing. Look at the information given
live in (a place) work for sb/sth
in the chart and make sentences, as in the example.
e.g. S1: Trees provide oxygen and homes for animals.
S2: However, trees are disappearing because of
fires and logging.
31 Fill in the correct preposition.
S1: But many governments have started to plant
new trees.
1 What are you waiting ...for...?
2 Why are you looking ............. yourself in the mirror? The Facts....
3 How often do you listen ................ the radio?
4 My parents live ............... a small cottage. 1 Trees / provide / oxygen and homes for animals.
2 Many different species of fish / live on coral reefs.
5 My brother works ............... my father.
3 Many people / use / coal and oil as fuel for
6 Those books belong ................ John Smith.
heating in their homes.
7 We aren’t going out tonight. We’re staying ............. 4 Ocean life / produce / 90% of our oxygen.
home.
8 My father comes .............. Ireland.
The Changes....
1 Trees / disappear / because of fires and logging.
2 Fish / die / because fishermen / destroy / coral reefs.
Phrasal Verbs
3 Coal and oil supplies / decrease.
break down: 1) stop working (of cars, etc.) 4 We / pollute / the oceans with rubbish.
2) lose control of feelings (of people)
The Action Taken....
break in/break
into a building: enter by force 1 Many governments / start / to plant new trees.
2 Some fishermen / stop / fishing near coral reefs.
break into: start singing, smiling, etc. suddenly 3 Many people / change / to other sources of fuel for
break out: 1) begin suddenly (war, fire, etc.) heating.
But: a storm breaks 4 We / begin / to recycle rubbish instead of throwing
2) escape it all away.

break up: stop for holidays (of schools, etc.)

Activity
32 Fill in the correct particle.
Complete the article below using the information from
the Oral Activity.
1 War broke ...out... in 1992 and it lasted until 1995.
2 Children are always happy when school breaks
PLANET EARTH Are you aware of the damage

S.O.S. being done to our planet? We all

.................. for the holidays.
3 The burglars broke .................... the house in the know that trees provide oxygen
middle of the night and stole all the jewellery. and homes for animals. However, trees are
4 His serious face broke .................... a grin when he disappearing becaus e of fires and logging.
read the joke. Fortunately, many govern ments have started to
5 The bus broke ...................., so all the passengers plant new trees. We also know that .......................
had to get off and wait for another one to come. ................................. ...................... ..........................
6 The little girl broke ........................ and cried when ...................... ...................... .....................................
her dog died. We must stop the destruc tion now, before it is too
7 The dog broke .......................... of the garden and late.
chased the cat down the street.

17