Apply Quality Control TTLM Final
Apply Quality Control TTLM Final
Apply Quality Control TTLM Final
Ethiopian TVET-System
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SUPPORT SERVICE
Level III
Learning Guide
Unit of Competence: Applying Quality Control
MODULE TITLE: Applying Quality Control
MODULE CODE: ICT HNS3 04 1110
NOMINAL DURATION: 32 hrs
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to –
Check completed work against workplace standards relevant to the operations being undertaken.
Demonstrate an understanding on how the work activities and completed work relate to the next process
and to the final appearance of the activity.
Identify and isolate faulty pieces or final products in accordance with company policies and procedures.
Record and report faults and any identified causes in accordance with workplace procedures.
.
Learning Activities
*Your teacher will evaluate your output either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. If unsatisfactory, your teacher shall
advice you on additional work. But if satisfactory you can proceed to the next topic.
What is Quality?
The ongoing process of building and sustaining relationships by assessing, anticipating, and fulfilling
stated and implied needs.
Quality is the customers' perception of the value of the suppliers' work output.
A product or process that is Reliable, and that performs its intended function is said to be a quality
product.
Quality is nothing more or less than the perception the customer has of you, your products, and your
services!
Quality is nothing more or less than the perception the customer has of you, your products, and your
services!
Quality policy
Quality policy is a document jointly developed by management and quality experts to express the quality
objectives of the organization, the acceptable level of quality and the duties of specific departments to ensure
quality.
Define quality system responsibilities, give quality system personnel the authority to carry out these
responsibilities, and ensure that the interactions between these personnel are clearly specified. And make sure
all of this is well documented. This requirement must be met for those who:
Manage quality system work.
Perform quality system work.
Verify quality system work.
Resources
Identify and provide the resources that people will need to manage, perform, and verify quality system work.
Make sure that:
TTLM Development Manual Entoto TVET College Page 3 of 48
Information Technology Department
Ethiopian TVET System Training, Teaching and Learning Materials Development
Only trained personnel are assigned.
Managers have the resources they need to verify work.
Internal auditors have the resources they need.
Management representative
Appoint a senior executive to manage your quality system and give him or her necessary authority. This senior
executive must ensure that your quality system is developed and implemented. This executive must:
Quality system
Develop a quality system and a manual that describes it. Your quality system should ensure that your
products conform to all specified requirements.
Your quality manual should:
State your quality policy.
List your quality objectives.
Provide an overview of your quality system.
Describe the structure of your organization.
Discuss your quality system procedures.
Introduce your quality documents and records.
Teach people about your quality system.
Control quality system work practices.
Guide the implementation of your quality system.
Explain how your quality system will be audited.
Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance is a system of management activities involving planning, implementation, assessment, and
reporting to make sure that the end product (i.e., environmental data) is of the type and quality needed to meet
the needs of the user.
Quality Control
Quality Control is the overall system of operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfill requirements
for quality. The QC activities are used to produce and document the quality of the end product.
Quality Management Plan (QMP)?
A QMP is a formal plan that documents an entity's management system for the environmental work to be
performed. The QMP is an "umbrella" document which describes the organization's quality System in terms of
the organizational structure, functional responsibilities of management and staff, lines of authority, and required
interfaces with those planning, implementing, and assessing all environmentally related activities conducted.
Develop and implement quality system procedures that are consistent with your quality policy.
Develop your procedures for all areas of your quality system.
Document your procedures, and keep them up to date.
Each procedure should:
Specify its purpose and scope.
Describe how an activity should be carried out.
Describe who should carry out the activity.
Explain why the activity is important to quality.
A QMP is a formal plan that documents an entity's management system for the environmental work to be
performed. The QMP is an "umbrella" document which describes the organization's quality System in terms of
the organizational structure, functional responsibilities of management and staff, lines of authority, and required
interfaces with those planning, implementing, and assessing all environmentally related activities conducted.
Quality planning
Develop quality plans that show how you intend to fulfill quality system requirements. You are expected to
develop quality plans for products, processes, projects, and customer contracts.
Your quality plans should list the quality objectives you intend to achieve, and the steps you intend to
take to achieve these objectives.
When you construct your quality plan, consider
the following questions:
Do you need to purchase any new equipment or instruments, or any new inspection and test
tools?
Do you need to carry out any special training in order to fulfill all quality system requirements?
Do you need to improve design, production, testing, inspection, installation, or servicing
procedures?
Do you need to improve your quality measurement and verification procedures?
Do you need to develop any new measurement methods or instruments?
Do you need to clarify your organization's standards of acceptability?
Do you need to develop any new documents, forms, reports, records, or manuals?
Do you need to allocate more resources in order to achieve the required levels of quality?
To comply with the standard you'll first need to implement a QMS. Implementing a QMS can help your
business to:
For example, the quality system of a manufacturing business might include looking at more efficient
manufacturing processes or speeding up distribution.
The ISO 9000 series of standards is the main set of International Standards applying to the management of
quality systems. It includes ISO 9001, the key internationally agreed standard for a QMS. Businesses can be
certified against this standard when they meet its requirements.
ISO 9001:2008 is the key internationally agreed standard for quality management systems. It is used by over
951,000 businesses in 175 countries worldwide (source: British Standards Institution (BSI), 2010).
management responsibility - ensuring top level management shows commitment to the quality system
and develops it according to customers' needs and the business' objectives
resource management - ensuring the people, infrastructure and work environment needed to implement
and improve quality systems are in place
product realization - delivering what customers want, looking at areas such as sales processes, design
and development, purchasing, production or service activities
measurement, analysis and improvement - checking whether you have satisfied customers by
carrying out other measurements of your system's effectiveness
However, you should also be aware of some of the disadvantages to implementing the standard. These can include:
The standard is adaptable to your business' needs and resources, though you may need the help of a consultant.
ISO 9004:2009 goes beyond ISO 9001:2008 and provides guidance on how you can continually improve your business'
quality management system. It also contains information on managing for sustained success. This can benefit not only
your customers but also:
employees
owners
suppliers
society in general
By measuring these groups' satisfaction with your business, you'll be able to assess whether you're continuing to improve.
The ISO 9000 series, which includes 9001 and 9004, is based around eight quality management principles that your senior
managers should use as a framework for improvements to the business:
Name:____________________ Date:_________________
Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel free to ask your eacher.
1. What is the difference between Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC)?
2. What is a Quality Management Plan (QMP)?
3. How often does an organization prepare a QMP?
4. What is a Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)?
5. If an organization has an approved QMP, do they still need to prepare a QAPP?
6. Think of something that you consider being quality and discussing.
As the project manager, you must make sure that the work is properly understood and agreed to by the project
sponsor and key stakeholders before the project work begins. You’ll work with the sponsor and stakeholders to
ensure that the project team and the client have common perceptions of what the project will deliver, when it
will be complete, what it will cost, who will do the work, how the work will be completed, and what the
benefits will be.
In this stage, you determine how the work will be completed. This involves building the Project Work plan.
You’ll take different approaches according to the size of the project. For example, the work plan for small
projects can be built using a project management package like Microsoft Project, a
At this point, you’ve finished defining the project and planning the work. The major deliverables in place are
the Project Definition and Project Work plan. You’ll never be a successful project manager if you don’t keep
the work plan up to date. Remember, the work plan is only a deliverable. It describes the work that needs to
occur, the order of the work, how much effort is required, and who is assigned, but it represents only your best
guess as to how to complete the remaining work at any particular point in the project.
4. Manage issues
An “issue” arises when a problem will hinder the progress of the project and can’t be resolved by the project
manager and project team without outside help. If a major problem emerges, you have no choice but to resolve
it. The only question is whether you’ll actively apply issues management to the situation or struggle through
uncertainty about how the issue should be resolved.
5. Manage scope
6. Manage risk
Risk refers to future conditions or circumstances that exist outside the control of the project team and that will
have an adverse impact on the project if they occur. In other words, whereas an issue is a current problem that
must be dealt with, a risk is a potential problem. Reactive project managers resolve issues when they arise.
Proactive project managers try to identify and resolve potential problems before they occur. This is the science
and art of risk management.
7. Manage communication
Properly communicating on a project is critical for managing the clients and the shareholders. If they’re not kept
well informed of the project progress, there is a much greater chance of problems and difficulties due to
differing expectation levels.
8. Manage documents
Project managers on smaller projects don’t need to give as much thought to managing documentation. As
projects get larger, the documentation definitively needs to be actively managed. Problems at their simplest
include documentation that gets lost or is hard to find and work that ends up being duplicated. At its worst,
document versions get out of order, document updates get over-posted and lost, and confusion and uncertainty
reign.
9. Manage quality
Quality is represented by how close the project and deliverables come to meeting the client’s requirements and
expectations. In other words, quality is ultimately measured by the client.
Gathering metrics on a project is the most sophisticated project management process and can be the hardest. Because
metrics can be difficult to define and collect, they’re usually ignored or handled poorly. All projects should be gathering
basic metric information regarding cost, effort, and cycle time.
Name:____________________ Date:_________________
Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel free to ask your teacher.
Strategic management is the set of managerial decision and action that determines the long-run
performance of a corporation. It includes environmental scanning (both external and internal), strategy
Strategic management has now evolved to the point that it is primary value is to help the organization operate
successfully in dynamic, complex environment. To be competitive in dynamic environment, corporations have
to become less bureaucratic and more flexible.
Management scans both the external environment for opportunities and threats and the internal environmental
for strengths and weakness. The following factors that are most important to the corporation’s future are called
strategic factors: strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats (SWOT)
Strategy Formulation
Strategy formulation is the development of long-range plans for they effective management of environmental
opportunities and threats, taking into consideration corporate strengths and weakness. It includes defining the
corporate mission, specifying achievable objectives, developing strategies and setting policy guidelines.
Mission
An organization’s mission is its purpose, or the reason for its existence. It states what it is providing to
society .A well conceived mission statement defines the fundamental , unique purpose that sets a company apart
from other firms of its types and identifies the scope of the company ‘s operation in terms of products offered
and markets served
Strategies
A strategy of a corporation is a comprehensive master plan stating how corporation will achieve its
mission and its objectives. It maximizes competitive advantage and minimizes competitive disadvantage. The
typical business firm usually considers three types of strategy: corporate, business and functional.
Policies
A policy is a broad guideline for decision making that links the formulation of strategy with its
implementation. Companies use policies to make sure that the employees throughout the firm make decisions
and take actions that support the corporation’s mission, its objectives and its strategies.
Environmental scanning
Environmental scanning is the monitoring, evaluating and disseminating of information from the external and
internal environments to keep people within the corporation. It is a tool that a corporation uses to avoid strategic
surprise and to ensure long-term health.
Development of policies:
The selection of the best strategic alternative is not the end of the strategy formulation. Management
now must established policies that define the ground rule for implementation. Flowing from the selected
strategy, policies provide the guidance for decision making an action throughout the organization. Policies tend
to be rather long lived and can even outlast the particular strategy that created them.
Implementing strategy
Depending on how the corporation is organized those who implements strategy will probably be a much
more divorced group of people than those who formulate it. Most of the people in the organization who are
crucial to successful strategy implementation probably had little to do with the development of corporate and
even business strategy. Therefore they might be entirely ignorant of vast amount of data and work into
Budgets
A budget is a statement of corporation’s program in monitory terms. After programs are developed, the
budget process begins. Planning a budget is the last real check a corporation has on the feasibility of its selected
strategy. An ideal strategy might found to be completely impractical only after specific implementation
programs are coasted in detail.
Procedures
Procedures are system of sequential steps or techniques that describe in detail how a particular task or job is to
be done.
Name:____________________ Date:_________________
The next step is to assess which factors are contributing to the risk of injury.
Professional advice
Your workplace occupational health and safety coordinator can give you advice about managing the risks
associated with manual handling.
Things to remember
Changing workplace design is an effective way to prevent manual handling injuries.
There are organizations that can offer information and advice on modifying the workplace or work
practices.
Workplace inspections help prevent injuries and illnesses. Through critical examination of the workplace,
inspections identify and record hazards for corrective action. Joint occupational health and safety committees
can help plan, conduct, report and monitor inspections. Regular workplace inspections are an important part of
the overall occupational health and safety program.
As an essential part of a health and safety program, workplaces should be inspected. Inspections are important
as they allow you to:
Workplace Elements
Look at all workplace elements - the environment, the equipment and the process. The environment includes
such hazards as noise, vibration, lighting, temperature, and ventilation. Equipment includes materials, tools and
TTLM Development Manual Entoto TVET College Page 18 of 48
Information Technology Department
Ethiopian TVET System Training, Teaching and Learning Materials Development
apparatus for producing a product or a service. The process involves how the worker interacts with the other
elements in a series of tasks or operations.
Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel free to ask your teacher.
Practical Demonstration
Lap Test
Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________
TTLM Development Manual Entoto TVET College Page 20 of 48
Information Technology Department
Ethiopian TVET System Training, Teaching and Learning Materials Development
Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ________________
Instructions: You are required to perform the following individually with the presence of your teacher.
Activity 1:
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics –
TTLM Development Manual Entoto TVET College Page 21 of 48
Information Technology Department
Ethiopian TVET System Training, Teaching and Learning Materials Development
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to –
Learning Activities
Overview
TTLM Development Manual Entoto TVET College Page 22 of 48
Information Technology Department
Ethiopian TVET System Training, Teaching and Learning Materials Development
Technological advances have made computers an important part of every workplace. Many companies store
valuable data on computer systems, databases and networks, and most workplace communication is done using
computers and networks. Although computers allow businesses to streamline processes, distribute information
quickly and stay competitive, it also allows the potential for security issues that can ultimately affect business
operations and integrity.
Benefits
Because most data is stored on computers and almost all communication is done on an organization's computer
network, the security of the data is crucial for the success of an organization. Monitoring workplace computers
can be done using a variety of software products that monitor computer networks. This software can also be
used to monitor or track employee activity and productivity as well. This ensures data is secure by using the
software to block certain websites, alert information technology staff of potential threats, such as computer
viruses, as well as monitor computer and Internet usage by employees.
Effects
Monitoring workplace computers can secure data stored on computer systems, as well as ensure employees are
using workplace computers for business purposes. Some monitoring software comes highly recommended at a
reasonable cost and can be customized to an organization's needs. This requires some additional efforts by
management or information technology staff, but proves it's a valuable tool to ensure the security of business
data and integrity. Although computer workplace monitoring has become a necessity, employees often don't
understand the reasons for computer monitoring and may feel violated or micro-managed.
Considerations
When considering using computer monitoring software in the workplace, do extensive research on different
products and services. Although some software is costly, it may be worth the investment to protect the integrity
of a business. If an organization decides to use this software--inform employees. Allow employees to see the
software and its capabilities by demonstrating its features in a group setting. Be open and honest regarding how
the software will be used and how it will add security to the business. Talk to employees about their rights
regarding computer monitoring. The Texas Workforce Commission has policies for workplace computer
monitoring and employees should be aware of those policies. Also allow employees to ask questions in a private
setting if they wish.
Name:____________________ Date:_________________
Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel free to ask your teacher.
TTLM Development Manual Entoto TVET College Page 23 of 48
Information Technology Department
Ethiopian TVET System Training, Teaching and Learning Materials Development
Note: Satisfactory rating – 18 points above / Unsatisfactory - below 18 points. You can ask you teacher for
the copy of the correct answers
Overview
If you've shopped around for just the right desk for your space, but haven't found exactly what you're looking
for, consider building your own. Counter top desks are a unique way to modify your work area. Whether
starting with a brand new section counter top, or repurposing old counters after a remodel, counter top desks
make a sturdy addition to your office furnishings. A moderately simple do-it-yourself project, building a
counter top desk is considerably less expensive than having a custom desk built, and requires less than one day's
work to complete from start to finish.
Instructions
1. Make a space plan and measure the area where the desk will sit to ensure the right fit. Decide whether
the desk will be straight or a corner unit, and how the desk will be supported, and plan accordingly.
Straight desks are a simpler project, but corner units afford more workspace and often allow for the best
use of the available area.
2. Purchase supplies for the project, including counter tops, support system, and any brackets that may be
required. Counter top can be cut at the time of purchase, or ordered to fit, so be certain to have exact
measurements to ensure a correct fit without further cutting. Collect all tools needed for the project
before beginning.
3. Prepare your support system before assembling your desk. The simplest support solution is to use
kitchen cabinets, metal filing cabinets, or sturdy plastic or medal drawers. This will make your desk both
sturdy and easy to move and requires no tools, cutting, or drilling. This support solution is particularly
idea for granite, metal, or stone counter top materials which are difficult to cut or drill.
4. Install the chosen support system, ensuring that it is both the proper height, and level, before applying
counter tops. If you've chosen cabinets or other form of freestanding support, be certain they're
positioned at appropriate intervals to support the weight of the counter top.
5. Affix the counter top to the support system one section at a time. If your counter is a heavy material,
such as granite or stone, be certain the support system is sufficient to harbor the weight before applying
the next section of counter. Once all sections of counter are installed, use a level to check that there the
desk is even and level.
6. Apply the end cap finishing kit where necessary and add any brackets that might be required to anchor
the counter top. This step is optional but may be necessary to ensure your desk is both attractive and
stable.
Name:____________________ Date:_________________
TTLM Development Manual Entoto TVET College Page 25 of 48
Information Technology Department
Ethiopian TVET System Training, Teaching and Learning Materials Development
Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel free to ask your teacher.
Note: Satisfactory rating – 18 points above / Unsatisfactory - below 18 points. You can ask you teacher for
the copy of the correct answers
When confronted with a systems failure, there is often a natural tendency to begin disassembling hardware to
search for the cause. This is a poor approach. Failed hardware can expose precious information and safeguards
are necessary to prevent losing that information from careless remove procedures. One must know what to look
for prior to disassembling failed hardware.
Faults that come and go are the worst ones to track down, since just when you think you know the cause of the
problem and intend to do something about it can disappear, leaving you wondering whether or not it's cured.
The most serious random problem is a spontaneous reboot, which can be caused by a faulty, bad mains
interference, or overheating, particularly of the CPU. This is often caused by failure of the CPU fan, but this is
easy enough to check -- just open up the case and see if the fan is still spinning. If your cooling arrangements
are not broken but simply insufficient (this can happen, particularly in the case of Athlon processors, which
generate a lot of heat), you'll need to upgrade your CPU heatsink and/or fan to bring its top temperature down to
a more sensible level.
However, your computer is most likely to go wrong when you've just changed something, for instance when
you've installed a new stick of RAM, a soundcard, hard drive, or a new CPU. Even though this may work
perfectly well, you may have disturbed one of the cables inside your PC at the same time, giving you a
completely unrelated problem; or if you've been overclocking your CPU, it may stop working when a new PCI
card is installed.
Power Supplies
If your PC won't boot up, no LEDs illuminate on the PC's front panel, and you can't hear your hard drives or
cooling fans spin up, you may have a problem with your mains supply, or a faulty or dead computer PSU
(Power Supply Unit). Faulty power supplies can also cause random reboots: these can also mean that your
power supply is working properly but is under such a heavy load that occasionally the voltages sag a bit, or
even collapse.
If the power supply is working, booting your PC will light the front panel-power LED and let the BIOS perform
a Power-On Self-Test, or POST. This initializes system hardware; tests RAM the keyboard, serial and parallel
ports, initialize the floppy drive and hard disk controller, and diagnose any basic problems. If none are found,
you'll get one short beep from the internal PC speaker. A combination of long or short beeps signifies a
problem, and in most cases your PC will refuse to carry on. Although many 'beep codes' are similar from
motherboard to motherboard, you really need to refer to the manual to find out what each sequence of beeps
signifies.
Cable Issues
Another source of sometimes weird hardware faults is internal cabling. For instance, if the IDE cable
connecting your motherboard and hard drive is not inserted correctly, your drive may not be detected by the
BIOS at all. One of the conductors on all IDE cables will either be colored red or have writing printing on it, so
make sure these identification marks match up with pin one on your hard drive, and pin one on the motherboard
socket.
If you usually get a general protection fault when your computer has been running for a certain length of time,
then overheating is a likely cause. You may have to reduce the level of over clocking or replace a fan that isn't
working. When the problem occurs after the addition of new memory, remove or replace it to see if this cures
the problem. If you can't do any of this yourself, get an engineer to do it for you.
When the fault always occurs soon after turning on your computer, it may be caused by a driver used by one of
the programs that loads at start up or by Windows itself. You can try a Windows install but choose the repair
option, which will fix corrupt or missing files without losing your data or programs.
If the fault always happens when a particular program is running, uninstall and then re-install it. Also, check the
supplier's website for a later version of the program or drivers and install them.
Actually finding the cause of the general protection fault can be a time-consuming process and you can speed
this up by using a tool that will automate the task. One of the best I've found for this is Registry Patrol, which,
despite its name, does much more than just sort out the PC's registry. It will, in fact, undertake a deep scan of
the whole computer, sorting out all the drivers and DLLs that are the most likely cause of general protection
faults. As a bonus, it will also fix all types of other problems so that you end up with a machine that starts
quicker, runs better and is less likely to crash.
Registry Patrol comes with a guarantee that it will do what it promises and is available to try as a free download
from the company's website (www.registrypatrol.com). Once you've installed it and run the scan, your PC will
run as it did when it was new and general protection faults will be a thing of the past.
Name:____________________ Date:_________________
Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel free to ask your teacher.
Note: Satisfactory rating – 18 points above / Unsatisfactory - below 18 points. You can ask you teacher for
the copy of the correct answers
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics –
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to –
Basic information on the quality performance is recorded in accordance with workplace procedures
Records of work quality are maintained according to the requirements of the company
Learning Activities
Quality Performance
Performance measures designed to move associates toward business goals can be a powerful method for action.
Because "you get what you measure," it is important to think through how and what you measure so you can
achieve the desired results. And measuring profitability is attractive because it goes straight to the heart of every
builder’s existence.
Performance measures of profitable builders are as varied as their business strategies. A good place to start is
examining your own business goals and tune-up your measures at the company level. Then proceed to create
department measures that align with company goals. Your organization will be the winner.
The following are the five-factor model with job performance and other job-related activities. Motivation,
deviation, absences, and job satisfaction are related to the five factors.
This is a review of the relation between the Six-factor model of personality and performance in the workplace.
Motivation is the driving force by which humans achieve their goals. Motivation is said to be intrinsic or
extrinsic. The term is generally used for humans but it can also be used to describe the causes for animal
behavior as well. According to various theories, motivation may be rooted in a basic need to minimize physical
pain and maximize pleasure, or it may include specific needs such as eating and resting, or a desired object,
goal, state of being, ideal, or it may be attributed to less-apparent reasons such as selfishness, morality, or
avoiding mortality.
Job Satisfaction
Job satisfaction has been defined as a pleasurable emotional state resulting from the consideration of one’s job;
an affective reaction to one’s job; and an attitude towards one’s job. Weiss (2002) has argued that job
satisfaction is an attitude but points out that researchers should clearly distinguish the objects of cognitive
evaluation which are affect (emotion), beliefs and behaviors.
Workplace deviance occurs when an employee voluntarily pursues a course of action that pressures the well-
being of the individual or the organization.
Employees who had a positive perception of their workplace were less likely to pursue deviant behavior.
Research indicates that personality acts as a moderating factor: workplace deviance was more likely to be
endorsed with respect to an individual when both the perception of the workplace was negative and emotional
stability.
Of the five factors, the single factor of carefulness is the most predictive of job performance.
Absences
Job absence is very much a part of job performance: employees are not performing effectively if they do not
even come to work. Shy, careful employees are much less likely to be absent from work, as opposed to
extraverted employees who are low on carefulness.
Teamwork
Oftentimes in the workplace the ability to be a team player is valued and is critical to job performance.
Although this strengthen the case that job performance is related to the five-factor model via increased
cooperativeness among coworkers, the role of personality by implying that actual job performance (task
performance) is related to cognitive ability and not to personality .
5S is the name of a workplace organization methodology that uses a list of five Japanese words which are seiri
(Sorting), seiton (Straightening or setting in order / stabilize), seiso (Sweeping or shining or cleanliness /
systematic cleaning), seiketsu (Standardizing) and shitsuke (Sustaining the discipline or self-discipline).
Translated into English, they all start with the letter "S". The list describes how to organize a work space for
efficiency and effectiveness by identifying and storing the items used, maintaining the area and items, and
sustaining the new order. The decision-making process usually comes from a dialogue about standardization
which builds a clear understanding among employees of how work should be done. It also instills ownership of
the process in each employee.
The QCDSM program ensures this will happen on a daily basis. In addition to QCDSM, members of senior
management must carry out periodic inspections of each target area. One common error by senior management
is never being visible on the factory floor.
TTLM Development Manual Entoto TVET College Page 32 of 48
Information Technology Department
Ethiopian TVET System Training, Teaching and Learning Materials Development
5S provides the foundation for improving performance through continuous improvement. It focuses on:
Provide an environment where continuous improvement is embraced through workers problem solving and
suggestions, thereby improving morale.
Simply put, 5S works best if the implementation of the program is based on the 5S Performance Improvement
Formula:
P=Q+C+D+S+M
Where;
P - Increase productivity.
Summary
Job performance and personality (as measured in the Six-factor model) are related. It appears that the relation
between job performance and the five factors is more a consequence of the social aspects of the workplace than
of ability. Research indicates that cognitive ability is more strongly correlated with task performance than any
of the six factors are correlated with task performance. The Six factors are strongly correlated with cooperating
with others and enjoying the overall workplace experience, which are key components of long-term job success.
Being absent from work or working as a team are correlates of personality that directly affect whether one will
succeed in the workplace, and they are strongly correlated with the Big six and not with cognitive ability.
Cognitive ability may allow an employee to complete a specific task, but the ability to work with others and to
stay motivated is aspects of personality. The six-factor model is a valid predictor of workplace performance.
Personality is an indispensable consideration for employers looking for quality employees.
Making sure that everyone keeps up the daily 5S discipline is a management problem. It may be the
responsibility of the 5S team leader, but it is also driven and supported by the auditing and tracking system that
is used to measure conformance to the 5S process. The structure of the QCDSM process ensures a disciplined
approach is carried out on every shift day in and day out.
Name:____________________ Date:_________________
Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel free to ask your teacher.
QUALITY AT WORK
In every situation you must have chosen the "quality" brand with faith. You choose quality in every walk of
your life. Without Quality in each service you are receiving everyday you feel miserable. We demand quality.
Quality is important for YOU. So is for EVERYONE. When we demand quality we have the duty to deliver
quality also. As a member of society continuously motivated for a "QUALITY" life we also do our part
unconsciously. Imagine the satisfaction you gain by giving proper directions to a lost person. You have given a
quality service. We derive tremendous satisfaction out of doing a good turn or quality work at any moment.
Greater will be our satisfaction if we extend this "Quality" aspect into each moment of our life.
Quality is more important than we realize. Quality makes life what it is.
We as professionals in software are responsible for the quality of our products. Imagine yourself typing a 5 page
document and the application crashes without saving your work. Imagine as a data entry operator after entering
50 fields losing the data by pressing a wrong key. What it does to you? The faith placed in the product is shaken
and you will be pretty scared to repeat the job despite many reassurances. Faith once lost cannot be regained. As
a software developer it may be a mere bug to you. But to the user it is more than that. The quality of software
depends on putting quality at each stage of software development cycle.
Quality is not someone’s responsibility. It is everyone’s responsibility. A wrongly connected transistor in 250
W music system can make it DUMB. A loosely fitted nut in a scooter can smash the scooter. Quality at every
stage of product development is essential for delivering a Quality Product.
Quality belongs to none. Quality cannot be qualified or quantified. You have done some work. There will
always be a better way to do it. Quality is the BEST you can do. Imagine a painter - he is never satisfied with
his work. Every time he looks at the painting he will feel like adding one line here and another there. He
ponders, He wonders, He beautifies his creation. If we at our professional arts of conceptualization, design,
coding, testing look at our work with such an artistic eye Quality will be come naturally into our products.
Continuous improvement, zeal for perfection are needed to build QUALITY AT WORK. TOGETHER we can
MAKE it.
TTLM Development Manual Entoto TVET College Page 35 of 48
Information Technology Department
Ethiopian TVET System Training, Teaching and Learning Materials Development
Name:____________________ Date:_________________
Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel free to ask your teacher.
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
Following content coverage and topics –
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to –
Causes of deviations from final products are investigated and reported in accordance with
workplace procedures
Suitable preventive action is recommended based on workplace quality standards and identified
causes of deviation from specified quality standards of materials or final product
Learning Activities
What is a Deviation?
Types of Deviations:
Following are some examples of deviations raised from different functional areas of business:
3. Audit Deviation - raised to flag non-conformance identified during internal, external, supplier or corporate
audits.
4. Customer Service Deviation - rose to track implementation measures related to customer complaints.
5. Technical Deviation - can be raised for validation discrepancies. For example: changes in Manufacturing
Instruction.
6. Material Complaint - rose to document any issues with regards to non-conforming, superseded or obsolete
raw materials/components, packaging or imported finished goods.
Reporting deviation is required regardless of final batch disposition. If a batch is rejected a deviation reporting
is still required.
For the ease of assessing risk any deviation can be classified into one of the three levels 1, 2 & 3 based on the
magnitude and seriousness of a deviation.
Deviation from Company Standards and/or current regulatory expectations that provide immediate and
significant risk to product quality, patient safety or data integrity or a combination/repetition of major
deficiencies that indicate a critical failure of systems
Deviation from Company Standards and/or current regulatory expectations that provide a potentially significant
risk to product quality, patient safety or data integrity or could potentially result in significant observations from
a regulatory agency or a combination/repetition of "other" deficiencies that indicate a failure of system(s).
Observations of a less serious or isolated nature that are not deemed Critical or Major, but require correction or
suggestions given on how to improve systems or procedures that may be compliant but would benefit from
improvement (e.g. incorrect data entry).
QA has to evaluate the deviation and assess the potential impact to the product quality, validation and
regulatory requirement. All completed deviation investigations are to be approved by QA Manager or delegate.
QA Manger has to justify wither the deviation is a Critical, Serious or Standard in nature. For a deviation of
either critical or serious nature QA delegate has to arrange a Cross Functional Investigation.
For a standard type deviation a Cross functional Investigation (CFI) is not necessary. Immediate corrective
actions have to be completed before the final disposition of a batch. Final batch disposition is the responsibility
of Quality Assurance Department.
Name:____________________ Date:_________________
Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel free to ask your teacher.
1. What is a Deviation?
2. list down the types of Deviations
1. Workplace Violence
Workplace violence can be any act of physical violence, threats of physical violence, harassment, pressure, or
other threatening, disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. Workplace violence can affect or involve
employees, visitors, contractors, and other non-Federal employees.
2. Responsibilities
It is up to each employee to help make a safe workplace for all of us. The expectation is that each employee will
treat all other employees, as well as customers and potential customers, with dignity and respect. You can and
should expect management to care about your safety and to provide as safe a working environment as possible
by having preventive measures in place and, if necessary, by dealing immediately with threatening or
potentially violent situations which occur.
A sound prevention plan is the most important and, in the long run, the least costly portion of any agency’s
workplace violence program.
If you ever have concerns about a situation which may turn violent, alert your supervisor immediately and
follow the specific reporting procedures provided by your agency. It is better to err on the side of safety than to
risk having a situation escalate.
No matter how effective agencies' policies and plans are in detecting and preventing incidents, there are no
guarantees against workplace violence. Even the most responsive employers face this issue. When a violent
incident does occur, it is essential the response be timely, appropriate to the situation, and carried out with the
recognition that employees are traumatized and that the incident’s aftermath has just begun.
6. Disclosure of Information
Disclosing information obtained from employees without their written consent. An exception to this prohibition
however, is if an employee specifically threatens another person.
Name:____________________ Date:_________________
Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel free to ask your teacher.
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
Following content coverage and topics –
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to –
Learning Activities
The challenge is increasing production while maintaining high quality. This process can be difficult to measure,
but best way to gauge quality is to first measure it. Use key performance indicators (KPIs) to improve quality.
KPIs help management to manage and measure both production and quality. Financial analysts and mangers
also use KPIs as a measure of productivity.
Instructions
1. Identify the three most important processes in production. Examples include inventory purchases,
assembly, distribution and accounts payable.
2. Map out each process on a flow chart diagram. Start with first step in each process and end with the last
step. This helps all parties involved in the process to visualize the process as well as where possible
errors in production may occur.
3. Identify the best way to manage production for each process. For instance, assembly can be managed
with the number of items produced and distribution can be managed by the total number of items
delivered.
4. Define what an error or issue is within the process. For instance, for assembly, measure the number of
errors or mistakes by determining how many of the total device being produced did not work or were
permanent. For distribution, you could determine the number of errors by monitoring on-time delivery.
The error depends on the process and your firm's definition of quality.
5. Assign a quality metric to each production process. Combine Step 3 and 4. For instance, for assembly,
one metric can be the number of products assembled incorrectly or the number of malfunctions. For
Name:____________________ Date:_________________
Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel free to ask your teacher.
Production process
The production process is concerned with transforming a range of inputs into those outputs that are required by the
market.
The transforming resources include the buildings, machinery, computers, and people that carry out the transforming
processes. The transformed resources are the raw materials and components that are transformed into end products.
Any production process involves a series of links in a production chain. At each stage value is added in the course of
production. Adding value involves making a product more desirable to a consumer so that they will pay more for it.
Adding value therefore is not just about manufacturing, but includes the marketing process including advertising,
promotion and distribution that make the final product more desirable.
It is very important for businesses to identify the processes that add value, so that they can enhance these processes to the
ongoing benefit of the business.
Types of process
There are three main types of process: job, batch and flow production.
Job production
Job or \'make complete\' production is the creation of single items by either one operative or a team of
operative\'s. Job production is unique in the fact that the project is considered to be a single operation, which
requires the complete attention of the operative before he or she passes on to the next job. Examples from the
service industries include cutting hair, and processing a customers\' order in a store.
Batch production
The term batch refers to a specific group of components, which go through a production process together. As
one batch finishes, the next one starts. For example on Monday, Machine A produces a type 1 engine part, on
Tuesday it produces a type 2 engine part, on Wednesday a type 3 and so on. All engine parts will then go
forward to the final assembly of different categories of engine parts.
Flow production
Batch production is described as \'intermittent\' production and is characterized by irregularity. If the rest period
in batch production disappeared it would then become flow production. Flow production is therefore a
continuous process of parts and sub-assemblies passing on from one stage to another until completion.
Name:____________________ Date:_________________
Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel free to ask your teacher.