Mengenang James Joyce

James Augustine Aloysius Joyce
(1882-1941)
James Joyce was born in
Dublin in 1882. His father is
,John Stanislaus Joyce,
Joyce's mother is Mary
Jane Murray.
From the age of six Joyce,

was educated by Jesuits at
Clongowes Wood College,
at Clane, and then at
Belvedere College in Dublin
(1893-97). Later the author
thanked Jesuits for
teaching him to think
straight, although he
rejected their religious
instructions.
At school he once broke his glasses and was
unable to do his lessons. This episode was
recounted in A PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST
AS A YOUNG MAN (1916). In 1898 he
entered the University College, Dublin, where
he found his early inspirations from the works
of Henrik Ibsen, St.Thomas Aquinas and W.B.
Yeats. Joyce's first publication was an essay
on Ibsen's play When We Dead Awaken. It
appeared in Fortnightly Review in 1900.At this
time he began writing lyric poems.
After graduation the twenty-year-old Joyce
went to Paris in 1902,he left Dublin forever and
spent the rest of his life in Europe, first in
Trieste with Nora Barnacle (by whom he had a
son and daughter although they were not
married until 1931) and later in Zurich (1915)
and Paris (after the First World War). Joyce
supported himself by teaching, but it was a
constant struggle against poverty and illness.
CHAMBER MUSIC
Joyce's first book
was Chamber Music
(1907), a sequence of
thirty-six poems
heavily romantic in
feeling and
traditional in style.
Within their limited
intentions, they were
quite skillful and
often beautiful, and
have-unsurprisingly,
given their manner
and their title—been
frequently set to
music.
They reflect the influence of
Elizabethan lyricists and the
English lyric poets of the 1890s.
They also reflect Joyce’s love of
the vocal music that influenced all
his writing, and is especially
evident in his later works that lend
themselves particularly well to
being read aloud. Although he had
rejected Dublin and Catholicism,
both were central to his writing.
-Major Works-
Dubliners is a
collection of 15 short
stories by James
Joyce, first published
in 1914. They were
meant to be a
naturalistic depiction
of the Irish middle
class life in and
around Dublin in the
early years of the 20th
century.
Dubliners
The stories centre on Joyce's idea of an
epiphany: a moment where a character has a
special moment of self-understanding or
illumination. Many of the characters in
Dubliners later appear in minor roles in
Joyce's novel Ulysses.The initial stories in the
collection are narrated by children as
protagonists, and as the stories continue, they
deal with the lives and concerns of
progressively older people. This is in line with
Joyce's tripartite division of the collection into
childhood, adolescence and maturity.
"But when the restraining influence of the
school was at a distance I began to hunger
again for wild sensations, for the escape which
those chronicles of disorder alone seemed to
offer me. The mimic warfare of the evening
became at last as wearisome to me as the
routine of school in the morning because I
wanted real adventures to happen to myself.
But real adventures, I reflected, do not happen
to people who remain at home: they must be
sought abroad." (from Dubliners)
A PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST AS A
YOUNG MAN
This is James Joyce’s first novel,

the semi-autobiographical story of
a young Irish boy who struggles
with family, country, and religion to
become an artist and a man.
It was a fictional rendering of Joyce's
youth, but he eventually grew frustrated
with its direction and abandoned this
work. It was never published in this
form, but years later, in Trieste, Joyce
completely rewrote it as A Portrait of the
Artist as a Young Man. The unfinished
Stephen Hero was published after his
death.
The book follows the life of the
protagonist, Stephen Dedalus, from
childhood towards maturity, his
education at University College, Dublin,
and rebellion to free himself from the
claims of family and Irish nationalism.
Stephen takes religion seriously, and
considers entering a seminary, but then
also rejects Roman Catholicism. At the
end Stephen resolves to leave Ireland
for Paris to encounter "the reality of
experience”.
His stylistic virtuosity was already
evident : in the book we see the
prose style develop along with
Stephen, from what is really baby-
talk in the opening paragraphs, to
the “lucid supple periodic prose”
of the end of the book.
"– Look here, Cranly, he said. You have
asked me what I would do and what I
would not do. I will tell you what I will do
and what I will not do. I will not serve
that in which I no longer believe,
whether it call itself my home, my
fatherland, or my church: and I will try
to express myself in some mode of life
or art as freely as I can and as wholly as
I can, using my defence the only arms I
allow myself to use – silence, exile, and
cunning."
(from A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man)
Ulysses
The title alludes to
Odysseus (Latinised into
Ulysses), the hero of
Homer's Odyssey, and
establishes a series of
parallels between
characters and events in
Homer's poem and Joyce's
novel
e.g., the correspondence of
Leopold Bloom to
Odysseus,
Molly Bloom to Penelope,
Stephen Dedalus to
Telemachus.
Ulysses which came out
in 1922, the same year as
Eliot’s The Waste Land,
was more brilliant, but
also deeply shocking
containing explicit
descriptions of sex and
other bodily functions
and a profusion of
different styles ( at least
one for each of the
nineteen chapters),
other features were its
incredibly complex
formal structure ( which
critics might never have
noticed had Joyce not
made explicit statements
about it )
The main character is Leopold Bloom,
in the story, using stream-of-
consciousness technique, parallel the
major events in Odysseus' journey
home. However, Bloom's adventures are
less heroic and his homecoming is less
violent. Bloom makes his trip to the
underworld by attending a funeral at
Glasnevin Cemetary
Structure :
Joyce divided Ulysses into
eighteen chapters or
"episodes". At first glance
much of the book may
appear unstructured and
chaotic; Joyce once said
that he had "put in so many
enigmas and puzzles that it
will keep the professors
busy for centuries arguing
over what I meant", which
would earn the novel
"immortality".
Every episode of Ulysses
has a theme, technique,
and correspondences
between its characters and
those of the Odyssey.
Finnegans Wake
Finnegans Wake is a work
of comic fiction ,significant
for its experimental style
and resulting reputation as
one of the most difficult
works of fiction in the
English language. Written
in Paris over a period of
seventeen years, and
published in 1939, two
years before the author's
death, Finnegans Wake
was Joyce's final work.
It is partly based on Freud's dream
psychology, Bruno's theory of the
complementary but conflicting nature of
opposites, and the cyclic theory of
history of Giambattista Vico (1668-
1744). There is not much plot or
characters to speak of – the life of all
human experience is viewed as
fragmentary. Some critics considered
the work masterpiece, though many
readers found it incomprehensible.
Finnegans Wake ,which may be
interpreted as a dream containing
the whole of human history , full of
puns in twenty different languages
and written in a kind of English
which is barely recognizable as
such , since every word is loaded
with multilingual resonances and
allusions.
Joyce’s humanity and
humour triumph
everywhere in his fiction,
and his constant
combination of the
vulgar and the refined ,
the sublime and the
ridiculous, has made
him perhaps the greatest
novelist of this century.
On January 13, 1941,

James Joyce died of a
stomach ulcer at the age
of 58, and was buried in
Zurich's Fluntern
Cemetery.

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James Augustine Aloysius Joyce

From the age of six Joyce,

This is James Joyce’s first novel,

On January 13, 1941,

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