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Regular Expressions

Regular expressions (RegEx) allow defining search patterns to match strings or files. The re module provides functions like compile(), findall(), split(), match(), search(), and sub() to work with regular expressions. Patterns use special metacharacters like *, +, ?, [], {}, | and regular characters to match text. Exceptions must be handled to prevent program crashes from errors.

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11 views

Regular Expressions

Regular expressions (RegEx) allow defining search patterns to match strings or files. The re module provides functions like compile(), findall(), split(), match(), search(), and sub() to work with regular expressions. Patterns use special metacharacters like *, +, ?, [], {}, | and regular characters to match text. Exceptions must be handled to prevent program crashes from errors.

Uploaded by

rithika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Regular Expressions (RegEx)

Def - Sequence of characters that define a search pattern in a given string/file.


Applications:
• Search for particular patterns in string
• File Processing
• Extract data from log files by matching certain patterns.
In order to work with regular expressions, we need to import module RE.
This RE module provides a set of in-built functions, that enables programmer to
search for matching patterns/string.
• compile() – Compile a regular expression pattern as a string into regex
pattern object.
• findall() – returns list containing all matches
• split() - returns a list of strings where the matching splits have occurred.
Example:
import re
sentence1 = "Python is a programming language"
sentence2 = "Hello 22 world 44 Welcome 66"
pattern= re.compile("\d+")
result1 = pattern.findall(sentence1)
result2 = pattern.findall(sentence2)
print(result1)
print(result2)
print(re.findall('\d+',sentence2))
print(re.split('\d{3}',sentence2))
print(re.findall('\d{2}',sentence2))

• match() – checks for the matching pattern at start of the string.


• search() – checks for the matching pattern at anywhere in the string.
Example:
print(re.match("Python",sentence1))
print(re.search("program",sentence1).group())
print(re.match(r"\w{6}",sentence1))
print(re.search(r"\w{2}", sentence1).group())

• sub() – substitute/replace pattern in a string


Example:
print(re.sub("\s+","_", sentence1))
print(re.sub("\s","", sentence1))

Every character in a RegEx is either a metacharacter or a regular character.


Meta character: A special character which has its own meaning.
Regular character: A character which matches itself.
Most Common meta characters:
1. “^” – using this we can check whether a string starts with particular
character/word.
Ex: print(re.search(r"^Python",sentence1).group())
2. “$” - using this we can check whether a string ends with particular
character/word.
Ex: print(re.search(r"language$",sentence1).group())
3. “*” – using this we can find if there are 0 or more repetitions
4. “+” - using this we can find if there are 1 or more repetitions
5. “?” - using this we can find if there are 0 or 1 repetitions
Example:
import re
sentence2 = "Hel2546lo 22 wo9rld 44 Wel456come 66"
print(re.findall(r"\d\d*",sentence2))
print(re.findall(r"\d\d+", sentence2))
print(re.findall(r"\d\d\d\d\d?", sentence2))
6. “.” – used to find exact end of sentence
7. “[]” – checks for the particular set of characters.
sentence3 = "Hello Customer. Welcome to ABC hotel. Have a nice stay."
print(re.findall(r"\.", sentence3))
print(re.findall(r"[ace]", sentence3))
Character Classes
Sets/Ranges of characters enclosed by square brackets.
Ex : [abc], [a-z]
[abc] - Match the letter a/b/c
[^abc] – Match the letter other than a,b,c
[agt][eo] – Match the letter a/g/t followed by e/o
[0-9] – Match any digit between 0 to 9
[a-z] – Match any lowercase letters
[A-Z] – match any uppercase letters
[a-zA-Z0-9] – Match any alphanumeric character
[a-q3-9] – Match the letter between a-q & digit between 3 to 9.

Special Sequences
- Defines the basic predefined character class patterns.
- Represents a special meaning
- Consists of a special character prefixed with backslash
Ex: \A, \s
\A – Match pattern at start of string
\Z – Match pattern at end of string
\d – Match any digit
\D – Match any non digit
\s – Match any space
\S – Match any non space
\w – Match any alphanumeric character
\W – Match any alphanumeric character
line1 = "Arjun is a Infosys employee bearing employee id of 35489"
line2 = "His address is 11/23/345, Flat no 303, 65 Hills Singapore"
print(re.findall(r'\A([A-Z].*?)\s',line1))
print(re.findall(r'\A(A...n)\S',line1))
print(re.findall(r'\d+\Z',line1))
print(re.findall(r'\D+\Z',line2))
print(re.findall(r"\w{7}",line1))
print(re.findall(r"[0-9]",line2))
print(re.findall(r"[g-l1-4]",line2))

Exception Handling
- Exceptions are raised when program faces an error
- If error is not handled properly then the python interpreter will stop
process execution.
- To ensure the flow of program to run without interruptions, there is
need of handling these exceptions.
Syntax:
try:
# do something
pass
except ValueError:
# handle ValueError exception
pass
except (TypeError, ZeroDivisionError):
# handle multiple exceptions
# TypeError and ZeroDivisionError
pass
except:
# handle all other exceptions
pass
finally:
# execute always
Example:
class ValueSmallError(Exception):
pass
try:
n1 = int(input("Enter the number1 : "))
n2 = int(input("Enter the number2 : "))
if n1/n2 > 1:
print(f"{n1} is greater than {n2}")
else:
raise ValueSmallError
except ValueError:
print("Input should be of integer type")
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Division cannot be possible with zero")
except ValueSmallError:
print("n1 value must be greater than n2")
finally:
print("Exception Handling is implemented")

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