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Python Re

This document provides an overview of regular expressions in Python, detailing their syntax and usage for string manipulation tasks such as searching, matching, and replacing. It explains various patterns and functions, including how to compile regular expressions and use match objects. Additionally, it includes an example of implementing a Pig Latin converter using regular expressions.

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Azddine Elhamdaoui
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2 views

Python Re

This document provides an overview of regular expressions in Python, detailing their syntax and usage for string manipulation tasks such as searching, matching, and replacing. It explains various patterns and functions, including how to compile regular expressions and use match objects. Additionally, it includes an example of implementing a Pig Latin converter using regular expressions.

Uploaded by

Azddine Elhamdaoui
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python

regular expressions
Regular Expressions

 Regular expressions are a powerful string


manipulation tool
 All modern languages have similar library
packages for regular expressions
 Use regular expressions to:
• Search a string (search and match)
• Replace parts of a string (sub)
• Break stings into smaller pieces (split)
Regular Expression Python Syntax
 Most characters match themselves
The regular expression “test” matches the
string ‘test’, and only that string
 [x] matches any one of a list of characters
“[abc]” matches ‘a’,‘b’,or ‘c’
 [^x] matches any one character that is not
included in x
“[^abc]” matches any single character except
‘a’,’b’,or ‘c’
Regular Expressions Syntax

 “.” matches any single character


 Parentheses can be used for grouping
“(abc)+” matches ’abc’, ‘abcabc’,
‘abcabcabc’, etc.
 x|y matches x or y
“this|that” matches ‘this’ and ‘that’,
but not ‘thisthat’.
Regular Expression Syntax

 x* matches zero or more x’s


“a*” matches ’’, ’a’, ’aa’, etc.
 x+ matches one or more x’s
“a+” matches ’a’,’aa’,’aaa’, etc.
 x? matches zero or one x’s
“a?” matches ’’ or ’a’ .
 x{m, n} matches i x‘s, where m<i< n
“a{2,3}” matches ’aa’ or ’aaa’
Regular Expression Syntax
 “\d” matches any digit; “\D” matches any non-
digit
 “\s” matches any whitespace character; “\S”
matches any non-whitespace character
 “\w” matches any alphanumeric character; “\
W” matches any non-alphanumeric character
 “^” matches the beginning of the string; “$”
matches the end of the string
 “\b” matches a word boundary; “\B” matches
position that is not a word boundary
Search and Match
 The two basic functions are re.search and
re.match
• Search looks for a pattern anywhere in a string
• Match looks for a match staring at the beginning
 Both return None if the pattern is not found
(logical false) and a “match object” if it is
>>> pat = "a*b"
>>> import re
>>> re.search(pat,"fooaaabcde")
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x809c0>
>>> re.match(pat,"fooaaabcde")
>>>
Q: What’s a match object?
 A: an instance of the match class with the
details of the match result
pat = "a*b"
>>> r1 = re.search(pat,"fooaaabcde")
>>> r1.group() # group returns string matched
'aaab'
>>> r1.start() # index of the match start
3
>>> r1.end() # index of the match end
7
>>> r1.span() # tuple of (start, end)
(3, 7)
What got matched?
 Here’s a pattern to match simple email
addresses
\w+@(\w+\.)+(com|org|net|edu)

>>> pat1 = "\w+@(\w+\.)+(com|org|net|edu)"


>>> r1 = re.match(pat,"finin@cs.umbc.edu")
>>> r1.group()
'finin@cs.umbc.edu’

 We might want to extract the pattern parts, like


the email name and host
What got matched?
 We can put parentheses around groups we
want to be able to reference
>>> pat2 = "(\w+)@((\w+\.)+(com|org|net|edu))"
>>> r2 = re.match(pat2,"finin@cs.umbc.edu")
>>> r2.group(1)
'finin'
>>> r2.group(2)
'cs.umbc.edu'
>>> r2.groups()
r2.groups()
('finin', 'cs.umbc.edu', 'umbc.', 'edu’)
 Note that the ‘groups’ are numbered in a
preorder traversal of the forest
What got matched?
 We can ‘label’ the groups as well…
>>> pat3 ="(?P<name>\w+)@(?P<host>(\w+\.)+(com|
org|net|edu))"
>>> r3 = re.match(pat3,"finin@cs.umbc.edu")
>>> r3.group('name')
'finin'
>>> r3.group('host')
'cs.umbc.edu’
 And reference the matching parts by the
labels
More re functions
 re.split() is like split but can use patterns
>>> re.split("\W+", “This... is a test,
short and sweet, of split().”)
['This', 'is', 'a', 'test', 'short’,
'and', 'sweet', 'of', 'split’, ‘’]
 re.sub substitutes one string for a pattern
>>> re.sub('(blue|white|red)', 'black', 'blue
socks and red shoes')
'black socks and black shoes’
 re.findall() finds al matches
>>> re.findall("\d+”,"12 dogs,11 cats, 1 egg")
['12', '11', ’1’]
Compiling regular expressions
 If you plan to use a re pattern more than once,
compile it to a re object
 Python produces a special data structure that
speeds up matching
>>> capt3 = re.compile(pat3)
>>> cpat3
<_sre.SRE_Pattern object at 0x2d9c0>
>>> r3 = cpat3.search("finin@cs.umbc.edu")
>>> r3
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x895a0>
>>> r3.group()
'finin@cs.umbc.edu'
Pattern object methods
 There are methods defined for a pattern object
that parallel the regular expression functions,
e.g.,
• match
• search
• split
• findall
• sub
Example: pig latin

 Rules
• If word starts with consonant(s)
— Move them to the end, append “ay”
• Else word starts with vowel(s)
— Keep as is, but add “zay”
• How might we do this?
The pattern

([bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz]+)(\w+)
piglatin.py

import re
pat = ‘([bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz]+)(\w+)’
cpat = re.compile(pat)

def piglatin(string):
return " ".join( [piglatin1(w) for w in string.split()] )
piglatin.py

def piglatin1(word):
match = cpat.match(word)
if match:
consonants = match.group(1)
rest = match.group(2)
return rest + consonents + “ay”
else:
return word + "zay"

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