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Tutorial 1

The document is a tutorial on pre-calculus concepts including sets, operations on sets, and properties of rational and irrational numbers. It reviews definitions of basic set concepts like elements, subsets, unions, and intersections. It then provides examples of applying these concepts, such as describing given sets, determining relationships between sets, finding subsets and set operations, and properties of rational and irrational numbers. The tutorial poses questions to test understanding and provide practice applying set theory concepts.

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Thuto Smith
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© © All Rights Reserved
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20 views

Tutorial 1

The document is a tutorial on pre-calculus concepts including sets, operations on sets, and properties of rational and irrational numbers. It reviews definitions of basic set concepts like elements, subsets, unions, and intersections. It then provides examples of applying these concepts, such as describing given sets, determining relationships between sets, finding subsets and set operations, and properties of rational and irrational numbers. The tutorial poses questions to test understanding and provide practice applying set theory concepts.

Uploaded by

Thuto Smith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Mathematics and Computer Science

M1511 - Pre-Calculus Tutorial One

Recall the following

ˆ x ∈ A means x is an element of set A.

ˆ A ⊆ B means A is a subset of B, that is every element of A is also an element of B.

ˆ ∅ = {} is the empty set.

ˆ A ∩ B = {x : x ∈ A and x ∈ B} is the intersection of sets A and B.

ˆ A ∪ B = {x : x ∈ A or x ∈ B} is the union of sets A and B.

ˆ A\B = A − B = {x : x ∈ A and x ∈
/ B} is the set of elements belonging to A and outside B.

1. Describe the following sets. State the method of description used and why?

(a) The set of counting numbers less than 34.


(b) The set of students in M1511.
(c) The set of Natural numbers.

Are the above sets are finite or infinite?

2. Determine if the sets are equivalent, equal or neither

(a) A = {a, b}, B = {b, a}


(b) A = {a, b, 1, 2}, B = {b, a, 1, 4}
(c) A = {a, b, b, b}, B = {b, a, c}

3. Suppose A = {a, b, c}, B = {f, g} and C = {b, c}. Determine the following sets:

(a) A ∪ B (c) A\B (e) (A ∩ B) ∪ C (g) A ∩ ∅


(b) A ∩ B (d) (A ∪ B) ∩ C (f) (A ∩ B) ∩ C
4. Find the subset(s) of each of the following

(a) A = {} (c) C = {r, s} (e) E = {w, x, y, z}


(b) B = {b} (d) D = {t, u, v}

Using above, deduce how many subsets a set with n elements has.

5. Determine whether each of following is true or false. If false, give a counter example/explain.

(a) ∅ ⊂ ∅ (c) a ∈ {a} (e) {∅} ⊆ ∅ (g) ∅ = {∅} (i) A ∪ B ⊆ B


(b) {a} ∈ a (d) ∅ ∈ {a} (f) ∅ ∈ ∅ (h) A ∩ B ⊆ B (j) A\B = B\A

6. Give examples of the following sets. Explain why, if such sets do not exist.

(a) Set A and B such that A ⊆ B and A ∩ B = A.


(b) Set A and B such that A ⊆ B and A ∩ B = ∅.
(c) Set A and B such that A ∪ B = B.
(d) Set A and B such that A ∪ B = A ∩ B.
(e) Set A and B such that A − B = B − A.

7. Let the universal set be R be the set of all real numbers, A = {x ∈ R : 0 < x ≤ 2} and
B = {x ∈ R : 1 < x ≤ 4}, then find

(a) Ac ∪ B c (c) (A ∪ B)c (e) A\B


c c c
(b) (A ∩ B) (d) (A ∩ B (f) A ∩ B c

8. Let A = [0, 2), B = [1, 4] and C = (4, ∞). Write the following sets of real numbers as intervals
or union of intervals.

(a) A ∩ B (d) A\B (g) C\B


(b) B ∩ C (e) B\A (h) C ∩ B c
(c) A ∩ (B ∪ C) (f) A ∩ B c (i) B\Z

9. If A = {a, b, c} and B = {0, 1}, then

(a) A × B (b) B × A (c) A × A (d) |B × B|

2
10. For the set Q of rational numbers, set Qc of irrational numbers and the universal set R of real
numbers, find

(a) Q ∩ Qc (b) Q ∪ Qc (c) Q\Qc (d) Qc \Q

11. State whether the following statements either True or False. If False, give a counter example.

(a) Rational numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
(b) The operation a ⋆ b = a + b − ab, is commutative, where a, b ∈ R.
(c) The operation a · b = a − b + ab, is associative, where a, b ∈ R.

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