Med Glo Prelims
Med Glo Prelims
Code: MT 101
First Semester-Prelims
F.Y. 2022-2023
Other References:
1.Cohen (2017). Medical Terminology: an illustrated guide 8th ed.
2.Bickley (2017). Bates pocket guide to physical examination and history taking.
3.Kluner (2017). Nursing drug 2017 Handbook
4.VanPutte, C., Seeley R., (2019). Seeley’s Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition.
5.Wingerd (2019). Medical Terminology Complete 4th Edition.
Journals:
1. American Journal of Nursing
2. Journal on Critical Care Nursing
3. Nursing care management
Website References
www.e-rehab.com
www.finditonline.ws
www.aquaticnet.com
www.yahoo.com
www.google.com
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Table of contents
I. Preliminaries
Chapter 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology
1. Concepts of Medical Terminology
2. Suffixes
3. Prefixes
Chapter 2: Body Structures
1. Body Cavities
2. Abdominal Regions
3. Positions
4. Word parts pertaining to body structures
Chapter 3: Integumentary System
1. Normal Structure and Function
2. Roots Pertaining to the Integumentary system
3. Clinical symptoms and disorders of Integumentary System
4. Types of Lesions
5. Other medical terminologies and abbreviations related to the Integumentary
Medical Glossary present terms related to the basic structure and function of the human body. This
subject enhances and reinforces an understanding of the different terms used in the clinical and
classroom setting. Additionally, it includes an introduction to the basic nomenclature and general
organization of the human body as detailed study of the different systems, its components structures,
and functions.
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Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students should be able to:
1.Know the basic terminologies essential in understanding human structure and function.
2.Know the different levels of structural organization of the human body from cell to the
different organ systems, their characteristics, components, and their relationship from each
other.
3.Enhance student’s skills in identifying the different terms of the human body as well as their
functions and relate it to the various pathologic conditions.
Chapter 1
Introduction to medical terminology
This chapter comprises of the basic concepts and terms that will be widely used in the
succeeding chapters and lessons. It will enable the learners to better understand the subject
matter.
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Key Terms:
Roots
Suffixes
Prefixes
Elements
Compound Words
Let’s Begin!
Medical terminologies
⮚ Professional language of those who are directly or indirectly engaged in the art of healing
⮚ Primary Goal: to help develop the ability to read and understand the language of medicine
A. Basic concepts
⮚ Majority of medical terms came from Greek and Latin ancestry; some from modern language
like German and French
⮚ Study of medical terminology can enrich one’s understanding of history, language, and medicine
⮚ Pronunciation of medical terms have no rigid rules flexibility different languages used
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⮚ Many medical terminologies are combinations of components from these ancient languages
⮚ As vocabulary grows notice patterns increased knowledge recall and recognize easily and
quickly
⮚ Word building misleading: take the word apart/break the word to better understand the word
Every industry has its fair share of jargon. While most of us don’t need to understand
discipline-specific terminology outside of our own profession, medical vocabulary is a notable
exception. Understanding and knowing the medical terminologies is one of the basic foundations of
any health care profession. At the same time medical terminology helps us understand what is going
on with our health.
B. Key Concepts
1.root or base word
⮚ Refers to the main body of the word
2. Prefix
⮚ One or two syllables or word parts placed before a word to modify or alter its meaning
Example: hemigastrectomy
Hemi (prefix) = half
Gastr (base/root) = stomach
-ectomy = removal or excision
Hemigastrectomy = removal of the half of the stomach
3. Suffix
⮚ One or two syllables or word parts attached at the end of a word to modify or alter its
meaning
Example: hysterectomy
Hyster-(base/root) = uterus
-ectomy = removal or excision
Hysterectomy = removal of uterus
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⮚ Suffix meaning one who – selected suffixes meaning one who include –er and –ist
Example: Pathologist
Path (root/base) – disease or morbid condition
O (combining-form element, vowel)
-logy (suffix) = science or study of
-ist (suffix) = one who
Pathologist = one who studies disease or morbid conditions
⮚ Suffix meaning pertaining to – selected suffixes include -ac, -ic, -al, -eal, -ary, and –ous
Example: hemic
Hem- (base/root) = blood
-ic (suffix) = pertaining to
Hemic = pertaining to blood
4. Combining-form element
⮚ Results when a vowel, usually a, e, i, o, is added to a word root or base. The vowels used
most commonly as combining-form elements are a, i, or o.
⮚ The vowel is usually deleted from a combining-form when the next letter that follows is
also a vowel
Example: proctitis
Procto- (combining form) = denoting relationship to the rectum
-itis (suffix) = inflammation of
Proctitis = correct combination
Proctoitis = incorrect combination (o should be dropped)
Proctitis = inflammation of the rectum
5. Compound words
⮚ Result when two or more root or base-word elements are used to form a word
⮚ Usually, adjectives or nouns are added to a root word to form compound words
⮚ Compound words may include a combining form, a root or base word element, and a
suffix or word ending
Example: myocardiopathy
Myo- (combining form element) = relationship to muscle
Cardio- (combining-form element) = relationship to heart
-pathy (suffix) = disease or morbid condition
Myocardiopathy = disease of the heart muscle
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*In the strict sense, the term “anemia” may seem to mean no blood (absence or total lack of
blood) rather than the attenuated quality of blood.
When breaking down terms, it is more helpful to start the process by:
⮚ Beginning with the suffix
Suffixes
CHAPTER 2
Body structures
This chapter comprises of the basic concepts of structural organization of the body which includes
anatomical positions, body planes and positions, body cavities and abdominal regions.
Key Terms:
Anatomical position
Body planes
Body positions
Body cavities
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Let’s Begin!
⮚ Body is erect
⮚ Whether the body lies face upward or downward, or in any other positions, the relationships of
structure are always described as if the body were in the anatomic position
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Distal or peripheral – away from the beginning of a structure; away from the center
Proximal – toward the beginning of a structure
Inferior or caudal – away from the head; situated below another structure
Superior or cephalic – toward the head; situated above the another structure
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Position and directional terms of the body can affect the description of the body parts
relative to each other. Thus, it is very vital that terms are defined and understood properly to better
correlate it to different body parts. For an instance, in anatomical position, the elbow is above the
hand, but in supine or prone position the elbow and hand are at the same level.
Body Cavities
⮚ Human’s internal organs are called visceral organs; located within specific cavities
2. Ventral Cavity
● Thoracic cavity – lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland
● Abdominopelvic cavity
–Abdominal cavity –stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, most of the large and
small intestines
– Pelvic cavity – remaining portions of the large and small intestines, rectum,
urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs
● Oral cavity – teeth and tongue
● Nasal cavity – divided into left and right by the nasal septum
● Orbital cavity – contain the eyes and related muscles and nerves
Abdomen
Figure 3 - Regions and Quadrants of the Abdomen
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BACK
Figure 4
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Chapter 3
Integumentary system
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⮚ The integumentary system consists of the skin and accessory structures such as hair, nails, and
glands. This chapter will also include general functions and different terminologies related to
the integumentary system
Key Terms:
Integumentary System
Skin
Hair
Nails
Glands
Let’s Begin!
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1.Protection
⮚ Against abrasion and UV light
⮚ Prevents dehydration
2. Sensation
⮚ Sensory receptors that can detect heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain
3. Vitamin D production
DERMIS the layer of the skin between the epidermis and the subcutaneous
tissue; the true skin or corium
EPIDERMIS The outermost layer of the skin (from epi-, meaning “upon or over”
and derm, meaning “skin”
INTEGUMENTAR the skin and its associated glands, hair, and nails
Y SYSTEM
KERATIN A protein that thickens and roughens the skin and makes up hair and
nails (root: kerat/o)
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MELANIN A dark pigment that gives color to the hair and skin and protects the
skin against the sun’s radiation (root: melano/o)
NAIL A plate-like keratinized outgrowth of the skin that covers the dorsal
surface of the terminal phalanges (root: onych/o)
SEBACEOUS A gland that produces sebum; usually associated with a hair follicle
GLANDS (root: seb/o)
SEBUM A fatty secretion of the sebaceous glands that lubricates the hair and
the skin (root: seb/o)
SKIN The tissue that covers the body; the integument (roots: derm/o,
dermat/o)
SUBCUTANEOUS The layer of the tissue beneath the skin; also called hypodermis
TISSUE
melanin melanin
Beau lines White lines across the fingernails; usually a sign of systemic disease
or injury
bromhidrosis Sweat that has a foul odor because of bacterial decomposition; also
called staphylococcus, also spelled bromidrosis (bro-mi-DRO-sis)
blackhead (plural:comedones)
Dermatophytosis Fungal infection of the skin, especially between the toes; athlete’s
foot (roor: phyt/o means “plant”)
Ecchymosis A collection of blood under the skin caused by leakage from small
vessels
Erysipelas An acute infectious skin disease with localized redness and swelling
and systematic symptoms
Herpes simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus. Type I
herpes simplex virus produces fluid-filled vesicle, usually on the lips,
after fever sun exposure, injury, or stress: cold sore, fever blister.
Type II infections usually involve the genital organs
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Itchyosis A dry, scaly condition of the skin (from the root: ichthy/o, meaning
“fish”
Impetigo A bacterial skin infection with pustules that rupture and form crusts;
most seen in children, usually on the face
Mycosis fungoides A rare malignant disease that originates in the skin and involves the
internal organs and lymph nodes. There are large, painful ulcerating
tumors
Paronychia Infection around the nails. Caused by bacteria and fungi and may
affect multiple nails
Petechiae Flat, pinpoint, purplish-red spots caused by bleeding within the skin
or mucous membrane (singular: petechia)
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Photosensitization Sensitization of the skin to light, usually from the action of drugs,
plant products, or other substances
Senile lentigines Brown macule that appears on sun-exposed skin in adults; liver spots
Shingles An acute eruption of vesicle along the path of a nerve; herpes zoster;
caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox
Tinea versicolor Superficial chronic fungal infection that causes varied skin
pigmentation
Venous stasis Ulcer caused by venous insufficiency and stasis of venous blood;
ulcer usually forms near the ankle
ALOE A gel from leaves of the plant Aloe vera that is used in treatment of
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Skin turgor Resistance of the skin to deformation. Evidenced by the ability of the
skin to return to position when pinched. Skin turgor is to measure of
the skin’s elasticity and state of hydration. It typically declines with
the age and when decreased may also be a sign of poor nutrition
Lesion Dercription
nodule solid, raised lesion larger than a papule; often indicative of systemic
disease
pustule raised lesion containing pus; often hair follicle or sweat pore
ulcer lesion resulting from destruction of the skin and perhaps subcutaneous
tissue
wheal smooth, rounded, slightly raised area often associated with itching; seen in
urticaria (hives), such as that resulting from allergy
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Atopic dermatitis Hereditary, allergic, chronic skin inflammation with pruritus (itching);
eczema
Basal cell An epithelial tumor that rarely metastasizes and has a high cure rate
carcinoma with surgical removal
dermatitis Inflammation of the skin, often associated with redness and itching;
may be caused by allergy, irritants (contact dermatitis), or a variety of
diseases
eczema A general term for skin inflammation with redness, lesion, and itching;
atopic dermatitis
escharotomy Removal of scab tissue resulting from burns or other skin injuries; a
scab or crust is an eschar (ES-kar)
exudate Material, which may include fluid, cells, pus, or blood, that escapes
from damage tissue
Kaposi sarcoma Cancerous lesion of the skin and other tissues seen most often in
patients with AIDS
Pressure ulcer An ulcer caused by pressure to an area of the body, as from a bed or
chair; decubitus ulcer, bedsore, pressure sore
Rule of nines A method for estimating the extent of body surface area involved in a
burn by assigning percentages in multiples of nine to various body
regions
Squamous cell An epidermal cancer that may invade deeper tissues but tends not to
carcinoma metastasize
Integumentary literally means covering and is familiar to most people because it covers the
outside of the body and is easily observed. The appearance of integumentary system can indicate some
physiological imbalances in the body. Also, disorders of other parts of the body can be reflected in the
integumentary system and thus are useful for diagnosis.