Individual Level – study behavior of an individual.

- Nakapaloob ang observation, may gagawin

How they behave and treat others. na experiment paano mag increase and
Group Level- studies the behavior of people, how productivity ng mga employees.
group work, how they interact. They come together
to reach goals, formal or informal. One’s action’s Elton Mayo
affect other. - Nakakaapekto ba ang haba ng oras? Need ba
Organizational Level- Analyzes how organization may break ang employees?
work, how the external forces affect the - Conducted the Hawthorne studies which
organization. The study how to manage individuals determined the effect of work hourse,
effectively. periods of rests and lighting have on worker
fatigue and productivity.
The Goals of Ob - Discovered that the social environment have
1. to explain behavior an equal if not greater effect on productivity
2. To predict behavior than the physical environment.
3. To control behavior - Concluded that social interaction is a factor
for increased productivity.
Sigmund Freud
The Elements of Ob - Brought the idea that people are motivated
1. People – individual person or groups by far more than conscious lofical reasoning
2. Structure – formal relationship of people in
the org Logical reasoning comes to arrive
3. Technology – techniques, combination of
resources Behaviorist Approach
4. Environment - A person behaves
- Mas effective and efficient trainer, mas
The Benefits of studying OB magiging effective and efficient din tayo.
 Development of people skills
The skill doing his work Humanist Approach
 Personal Growth – defines the formal - Wag natin gawin robot ang mga tao, they
relationship of people in the organization have their own values and attitude. Give
Describes how job tasks are formally them freedom to do their duties and
divided responsibikity following the sure of
Ex. to adjust for a smooth relationship organization.
- Every employees in or wants growth, no one
 Enhancement of organizational and wants to stay where they are right now
individual effectiveness – refers to the without growing and improving.
combination of resources, knowledge, and - Abraham Maslow’s – refers to the self
techniques which affects the task that they actualization, basic to the highest needs.
perform Ethics and org behavior
Ethics – morally good or right, moral principles. It
 Sharpening and refining of common sense – is what knowing what is right and what is wrong
refers to forces outside organization that
potentially affect the organization’s
performance What constitutes right and wrong?
- It is determined by the public since they can
see and monitor everything
Frederick W. Taylor - Interest group
- A well known discipline of the scientific - Organizations
management movement - The individuals personal morals and values

Ethical Issues
 - Conflict of interest – we need to prioritize Different people has their own culture or
the interest, the goals, mission, vision of org kinasanayan and kinagisnan.
- Fairness and honesty – Must be fair and
hones Two Dimensions of Culture
- Communication – communicate only what is Social Culture
true, avoid false and misleading information. Organizational Culture

LESSON 2 Aptitude and Ability –

Individual differences, mental ability, and APTITUDE Capacity and willingness of a person
personality to learn or acquire skills
Ability – capacity to perform duties and
Individual differences – How people react or responsibilities
respond to the same situation based on personal
characteristics. Factors of a Person’s Overall Abilities
Consequences Arising Out of Individual Physical abilities – refer to the capacity to do task
Differences demanding staminina
1. Differences in productivity Mental abilities – the capacity to do mental
2. Differences in the quality of their work – activities, such as thinking, reasoning, prob solving
same duty and responsibility but diff in
output
3. Differences in how people react to DIMENSIONS OF PHYSICAL ABILITY
empowerment 1. Dynamic Strength
4. Difference in how people react to 2. Trunk Strength
leadership – to achieve a common goal 3. Static Strength
5. Difference in terms of need for contact 4. Explosive Strength
with other people - employees have their 5. Extent Flexibility
own way to relate to other employees inside 6. Dynamic Flexibilty
the org 7. Body Coordination
6. Some or committed to do their duties and 8. Balance
responsibilities 9. Stamina
7. Differences in terms of level of self estee,
DIMENSIONS OF INTELLECTUAL ABILITY
Demographic Diversity 1. Cognitive Intelligence
Gender differences – differences in the 2. Social Intelligence
perception of male and female roles are referred 3. Emotional Intelligence
to as gender differences. 4. Cultural Intelligence

Men and women are not diff along the following THE TRIARCHIC THEORI OF
concerns INTELLIGENCE BY ROBERT STERNBERG
1. Problem solving abilities  Componental Intelligemce (analytical
intelligence)
Generational and age based differences  Experiential Intelligence (creative
 A worker that belong to a certain generation intelligence)
may behave differently from a worker who  Contextual Intelligence (practical
belongs to another ( because age is intelligence) You must have common sense
associated to experiences ) in doing your task in org
 Differences in the ages of wro
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES BY HOWARD
Culture GARDENER
Refers to the learned and shared ways of thinking  Linguistic
and acting among a group of people or society.  Logical-Mathematical
  Musical
 Spatial MORE ON PHYSICAL ABILITY
 Bodily Kinesthetic 1. Sense of sight
 Intrapersonal 2. Sense of hearing
 Interpersonal 3. Sense of taste
 Naturalist 4. Sense of Smell
5. Sense of touch
PERSONALITY – the sum total ways and pattern
of behavior in interacting with others.

DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY
Hereditary Factors
Environmental Factors
LESSON 3
KINDS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS LEARNING, PERCEPTION, AND
1. Cultural Factors – From one generation to ATTRIBUTION
other Complexity and diversity of workplacw
2. Social Factors – religion and what kind of
family and friends you have Learning
Permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to
3. Situational Factors – Individual behave experience
differently in diff situations Direct – observation, practive
KINDS OF PERSONALITY FACTORS AND Indirect – reading and watching
TRAITS THEORIES OF LEARNING
1. Emotional Stability – ability to withdstand Classical conditioning is defined as a type of
stress learning
2. Extraversion – very sociable
3. Openness to experience – curious,
intelligent, and artistically sensitive Operant conditioning a type of learning (inuulit at
4. Agreeableness – cooperative, warm, and inaavoid na behaviors) where people learn to repeat
trusting behaviors that bring them pleasurable out comes
5. Conscientiousness – person’s reliability
6. Self Moni SOCIAL LEARNING
7. Risk taking and thrill seeking Achieve by the process of observing the behavior of
8. Optimism – tendency to experience positive others, recognizing consequences
emotional states
PERCEPTION
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE by David People select, organize, interpret, people in the
Goleman environment
Ability of a person to express, control, and regulate PROCESS OF PERCEPTION
feelings and emotion - the env
- info select
FIVE COMPONENTS OF EQ FACTORS AFFECTING PERCEPTION
Self Regulation – ability to calm anxiety - PERCEIVER FACTORS – past exp
Motivation – motivate yourself to work without - TARGET FACTORS - contrast
expecting rewards - SITUATION FACTORS – time and
Empathy – respond to the unspoken feelings of settongs
others FACTORS INFLUENCING PERCEPTION
Self-awarenss – awareness to self and other’s - The perceiver
personality - The target
Social Skills – socialize with other people in the org - The situation
ATTRIBUTION
 Process people ascribe causes to the
behavior they perceive.
Explain the situation itself
COMMON ATTRIBUTION ERRORS
- The fundamental attribution errors – the
tendency to underestimate the influence of
external factors and overestinamete the
influence of internal or personal factors in
the behavior of others
- The self-serving bias – kinokonek sa
maganda

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE

ATTRIBUTION
DISTINCTIVENESS – how consistent a person’s
behavior is across different situation.
CONSENSUS – the likelihood that all those facing
the same situation will have similar responses
CONSISTENCY – the measure of whether an
individual responds the same way across time. Now
and after 10yrs.

SHORTCUTS USED IN FORMING

IMPRESSIONS OF OTHERS
SELECTIVE PERCEPTION – person selectively
interprets what he sees on the basis of his interests,
background experience and attitudes. One
supervisor can consider one employee loyal and
one supervisor consider it unsincere.
HALO EFFECT - when one attribute of a person
or situation is used to develop an overall impression
of person or situation
CONTRAST EFFECTS – unconscious bias
relative to each other rather than their own merit.
defined as evaluation of a person’s characteristic
that are affected by comparisons with other people
recently encountered who rank higher or lower on
the same characteristics.
PROJECTION – attributing one’s thought.
Feelings, or motives to another
It is likely to occur in the interpretation stage of
perception.
You assume everyone has your own ability.
STEREOTYPING – judging someone on the basis
of ine’s percepf the group to which that person
belongs.
You cannot judge a whole group depending on one
person only.