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    Ai 06

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    Moayad Al Kadry
    The document discusses knowledge-based agents in artificial intelligence. It describes how knowledge-based agents maintain an internal state of knowledge and can reason over that knowledge to update their understanding and take actions. The key components of a knowledge-based agent are its knowledge-base, which stores facts about the world, and its inference system, which applies rules to deduce new information. There are two main approaches to building knowledge-based agents: the declarative approach, where the agent is initialized with knowledge and asks itself what to do, and the procedural approach, where desired behavior is directly encoded as a program.

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    Ai 06

    Uploaded by

    Moayad Al Kadry
    14 views15 pages
    The document discusses knowledge-based agents in artificial intelligence. It describes how knowledge-based agents maintain an internal state of knowledge and can reason over that knowledge to update their understanding and take actions. The key components of a knowledge-based agent are its knowledge-base, which stores facts about the world, and its inference system, which applies rules to deduce new information. There are two main approaches to building knowledge-based agents: the declarative approach, where the agent is initialized with knowledge and asks itself what to do, and the procedural approach, where desired behavior is directly encoded as a program.

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    The document discusses knowledge-based agents in artificial intelligence. It describes how knowledge-based agents maintain an internal state of knowledge and can reason over that knowledge to update their understanding and take actions. The key components of a knowledge-based agent are its knowledge-base, which stores facts about the world, and its inference system, which applies rules to deduce new information. There are two main approaches to building knowledge-based agents: the declarative approach, where the agent is initialized with knowledge and asks itself what to do, and the procedural approach, where desired behavior is directly encoded as a program.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views15 pages

    Ai 06

    Uploaded by

    Moayad Al Kadry
    The document discusses knowledge-based agents in artificial intelligence. It describes how knowledge-based agents maintain an internal state of knowledge and can reason over that knowledge to update their understanding and take actions. The key components of a knowledge-based agent are its knowledge-base, which stores facts about the world, and its inference system, which applies rules to deduce new information. There are two main approaches to building knowledge-based agents: the declarative approach, where the agent is initialized with knowledge and asks itself what to do, and the procedural approach, where desired behavior is directly encoded as a program.

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    Artificial Intelligence

    06
    Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA
    Associate Professor

    16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 1


    Knowledge Pyramid

    16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 2


    Types of knowledge

    16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 3


    AI knowledge cycle

    16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 4


    Knowledge-Based Agent in Artificial intelligence
    • Intelligent agent needs knowledge about the real world for taking decisions
    and reasoning to act efficiently.

    • Knowledge-based agents are those agents who have the capability of


    maintaining an internal state of knowledge, reason over that knowledge,
    update their knowledge after observations and take actions.

    16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 5


    The architecture of knowledge-based agent
    Knowledge-base is a collection of sentences. These
    sentences are expressed in a language which is called
    a knowledge representation language. The
    Knowledge-base of KBA stores fact about the world.

    Knowledge-base is required for updating knowledge


    for an agent to learn with experiences and take action
    as per the knowledge.

    Operations Performed by KBA


    ❖ TELL: Tells the knowledge base what it perceives from the environment.
    ❖ ASK: Asks the knowledge base what action it should perform.
    ❖ Perform: Performs the selected action.

    16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 6


    The architecture of knowledge-based agent
    Inference system: Inference means deriving new sentences from old. Inference
    system allows us to add a new sentence to the knowledge base.
    A sentence is a proposition about the world. Inference system applies logical rules
    to the KB to deduce new information.

    16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 7


    The architecture of knowledge-based agent
    Inference system generates new facts so that an agent can update the KB. An
    inference system works mainly in two rules which are given as:
    ❖ Forward chaining: It is the strategy to answer the question, “What can
    happen next?”

    ❖ Backward chaining: is the strategy to answer the question, “Why this


    happens?”

    16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 8


    Various levels of knowledge-based agent

    1) Knowledge level: The most abstract- describe agent by saying what it knows.
    2) Logical level: it describes how the agent knows.
    3) Implementation level: it describes how knowledge is implemented.

    16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 9


    Approaches to designing a knowledge-based agent
    There are mainly two approaches to build a knowledge-based agent:

    16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 10


    Approaches to designing a knowledge-based agent
    There are mainly two approaches to build a knowledge-based agent:
    1) Declarative approach: We can create a knowledge-based agent by
    initializing with an empty knowledge base and telling the agent all the
    sentences with which we want to start with.

    Declarative approach
    Tell agent what it needs to know

    Then ask itself what to do


    The action has been taken

    16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 11


    Approaches to designing a knowledge-based agent
    There are mainly two approaches to build a knowledge-based agent:

    1) Declarative approach: We can create a knowledge-based agent by


    initializing with an empty knowledge base and telling the agent all the
    sentences with which we want to start with.

    2) Procedural approach: We directly encode desired behavior as a program


    code. Which means we just need to write a program that already encodes the
    desired behavior or agent.

    However, in the real world, a successful agent can be


    built by combining both declarative and procedural
    approaches, and declarative knowledge can often be
    compiled into more efficient procedural code.

    16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 12


    16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 13
    kind of knowledge which needs to be represented in AI systems

    • Object: All the facts about objects in our world domain.

    • Events: Events are the actions which


    occur in our world.
    • Performance: It describe behavior
    which involves knowledge about how to
    do things.
    • Meta-knowledge: It is knowledge about
    what we know.
    • Facts: Facts are the truths about the real
    world and what we represent.
    • Knowledge-Base: The central
    component of the knowledge-based
    agents is the knowledge base.

    16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 14


    Techniques of knowledge representation

    16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 15

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