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Cell Structure and Functions

Cell structure and functions document summarizes key parts of the cell: - The cell membrane separates the cell from its environment and controls passage of molecules. The cytoplasm provides structure and is the site of many reactions. Organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are found in the cytoplasm. - The nucleus houses DNA and directs protein and ribosome synthesis. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. Mitochondria produce energy through cellular respiration. Peroxisomes and lysosomes carry out other metabolic functions. - Plant and animal cells differ in structures like a plant cell wall and chloroplasts that perform photosynthesis. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and compartments while prokaryotic cells

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Angel Orodio
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78 views

Cell Structure and Functions

Cell structure and functions document summarizes key parts of the cell: - The cell membrane separates the cell from its environment and controls passage of molecules. The cytoplasm provides structure and is the site of many reactions. Organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are found in the cytoplasm. - The nucleus houses DNA and directs protein and ribosome synthesis. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. Mitochondria produce energy through cellular respiration. Peroxisomes and lysosomes carry out other metabolic functions. - Plant and animal cells differ in structures like a plant cell wall and chloroplasts that perform photosynthesis. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and compartments while prokaryotic cells

Uploaded by

Angel Orodio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cell Structure and

Functions
GUESS ME
Guess what’s part / structure of
the cell is being described or
shown in the picture.
Separates cell from the external environment;
controls the passage of organic molecules, ions,
water, oxygen, and wastes into and out of the cell
CELL MEMBRANE
Provides structure to cell; site of many metabolic
reactions; medium in which organelles are found

Cytoplasm/cytosol
The center of the nucleus produces
ribosomes
It is the location of DNA
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell organelle that houses DNA and
directs the synthesis of ribosomes and
proteins.
It is responsible for protein synthesis.
RIBOSOMES
The powerhouse of the cell
releases energy from
food, ATP production, or cellular
respiration
MITOCHONDRIA
Oxidizes and breaks down fatty acids and
amino acids and detoxifies poisons
PEROXISOMES
Storage and transport; digestive function in
plant cells

Vesicles and Vacuoles


Unspecified role in cell division in animal cells;
organizing center of microtubules in animal cells

CENTROSOME
Digestion of macromolecules;
recycling or worn-out organelles
LYSOSOME
Protection, structural support and
Maintenance of cell shape.

CELL WALL
Modifies proteins and synthesizes
Lipids.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Modifies, sorts, tags, packages and
distributes lipids and proteins

Golgi apparatus
Maintains cells shape, secure
organelles on specific positions allow
cytoplasm and vesicles to move within Cytoskeleton
the cell, and enables unicellular
organisms to move independently
Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that convert light
energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the
photosynthetic process

chloroplast
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL
Eukaryotic cell (eu = true, karyon = nucleus) Prokaryotic cell (Pro = early/primitive)

1. Nucleus distinct, with the well-formed nuclear


membrane. 1. Nucleus not distinct, it is in the form of nuclear zone
‘nucleoid’. Nuclear membrane absent.
2. Double-membraned cell organelles (Chloroplasts,
2. Single-membraned cell bodies like mesosomes present.
mitochondria nucleus) and single membraned Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi body absent.
(Golgi apparatus, lysosomes vacuole endoplasm
3. 3. Ribosomes - 70 S
reticulum) are present.
4. No compartments.
3. Ribosomes - 80 S

4. Distinct compartments in the cell i.e. the


cytoplasm and the nucleus.

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