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    Lab1 - Intro Paleo

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    Asselya Nygmanova
    The document discusses fundamentals of paleontology and stratigraphy, including what paleontology is, what fossils are, how fossils are formed, and an overview of the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs. It also provides information on bionomic zones, which are ecological zones within oceans based on latitude, depth, and other environmental factors. Tasks are described for students to analyze types of fossilization, identify the age of fossils based on the geologic time scale, and draw and analyze bionomic zones within oceans.

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    Lab1 - Intro Paleo

    Uploaded by

    Asselya Nygmanova
    24 views4 pages
    The document discusses fundamentals of paleontology and stratigraphy, including what paleontology is, what fossils are, how fossils are formed, and an overview of the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs. It also provides information on bionomic zones, which are ecological zones within oceans based on latitude, depth, and other environmental factors. Tasks are described for students to analyze types of fossilization, identify the age of fossils based on the geologic time scale, and draw and analyze bionomic zones within oceans.

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    Lab1_Intro Paleo

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    The document discusses fundamentals of paleontology and stratigraphy, including what paleontology is, what fossils are, how fossils are formed, and an overview of the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs. It also provides information on bionomic zones, which are ecological zones within oceans based on latitude, depth, and other environmental factors. Tasks are described for students to analyze types of fossilization, identify the age of fossils based on the geologic time scale, and draw and analyze bionomic zones within oceans.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    24 views4 pages

    Lab1 - Intro Paleo

    Uploaded by

    Asselya Nygmanova
    The document discusses fundamentals of paleontology and stratigraphy, including what paleontology is, what fossils are, how fossils are formed, and an overview of the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs. It also provides information on bionomic zones, which are ecological zones within oceans based on latitude, depth, and other environmental factors. Tasks are described for students to analyze types of fossilization, identify the age of fossils based on the geologic time scale, and draw and analyze bionomic zones within oceans.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Fundamentals of Paleontology and General Stratigraphy

    Practice 1 – Introduction to Paleontology and Stratigraphy. Exploring a


    collection of fossils. The Geologic Time Scale.

    Name of the Student: Duration: 2 hr


    Day & Date: Thursday, 7th of September, 2023 Max. marks: 2

    General information:
    What is palaeontology?
    from Greek: Palaeo ) old, ancient ( ont (being, creature (and logy )Science).
    It is the study of prehistoric life. It includes the study of fossils to determine:
     organisms' evolution
     Interactions with each other
     Their environments (paleoecology).
    Palaeontology is the study of ancient life through its fossil remains or the traces of its
    activity as recorded by ancient sediments.

    By studying the fossils in older rocks, the paleontologist attempts to establish an account of
    how all the animals and plants, which make up the modern biosphere evolved from their
    earliest beginnings.

    What is a fossil?

    A fossil is an impression, cast, original material or track of any animal or plant that is preserved
    in rock after the original organic material is transformed or removed.

    • an original skeleton or shell;


    • a mold or cast;
    • material that has replaced the once living thing;
    • traces such as footprints or worm tubes

    Fossils that are most useful called Index fossils.

    The Geologic Time Scale is a record of life forms and geologic events in Earth’s history.

    The geologic time scale is divided into eons, eras, periods, and epochs. Unlike divisions of
    time such as days or minutes, the divisions of the geologic time scale have no fixed lengths.
    Instead, they are based on changes or events recorded in rocks and fossils.
    • The largest unit of time is an eon. An eon is an extremely long, indefinite period of
    time.
    • Earth’s 4.6-billion-year history is divided into Precambrian time and three eras:
    Paleozoic, Mesozoic, & Cenozoic.
    • Each era is subdivided into a number of periods. For example, the Paleozoic Era is
    divided into six periods. The Cambrian Period is important because it is the first period
    after Precambrian Time.
    • The periods of the Cenozoic, the most recent era, are further divided into epochs.

    • The study of strata (layers) of rocks with an eye toward interpreting the geologic history
    of the region
    • Correlation is determining that rocks are the same formation (may mean rocks are the
    same age)

    Key words: paleontology, fossils, Index fossils, geologic time scale, era, period, epoch,
    bionomic zones
    Tools: folder for papers (10-20 pages), black gel pen, pencils, eraser.

    Task 1
    Answer the following question:
    1) How old is the given fossil? (refer to the timeline)
    2) During what era, period, and epoch did the fossil exist?
    3) What was the mode of fossilization? (According to fig. 1)

    Fig. 1 – Types (modes) of Fossilization


    Task 2
    Analyze and draw bionomic zones (fig.2).

    Bionomic principle is based on the statement that the natural complex of any rank
    simultaneously is a unit of biogeographical zoning of ocean. Oceanosphere is organized as set of
    chorological subsystems. In the most common features, it is possible to speak about bioms of
    local (topological), regional, suboceanic, and oceanic levels. Bioms of a low level consistently
    are included in biochores of higher rank. Physico-geographical process bears the certain
    ecological charge, causing spatial differentiation of a life at ocean. Natural complexes from
    viewpoint of the hydrobiologist are considered as areas of different items adapted to vital
    conditions. Any natural complex at ocean and communities of hydrobionts associated to it,
    represent a single unit a development of which was made by certain conditions of horizontal
    (latitudinal) geographical zonality, vertical stratification and was supervised by azonal (geologo-
    geomorphologic) factors.

    Fig. 2 – Oceanic division (bionomic zones)


    Fig. 3 – Layers of the Ocean

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