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Module - 5

The document provides information about lighting, including: 1) It defines light as a form of electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye and discusses its wavelength and properties like reflection and refraction. 2) It discusses factors that determine the quantity and quality of light like lumens, footcandles, and color temperature. 3) It provides recommendations for lux levels in different indoor settings and describes common lamp types like incandescent, fluorescent, LED and their uses for ambient, task, and accent lighting.

Uploaded by

Neha Albert
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views

Module - 5

The document provides information about lighting, including: 1) It defines light as a form of electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye and discusses its wavelength and properties like reflection and refraction. 2) It discusses factors that determine the quantity and quality of light like lumens, footcandles, and color temperature. 3) It provides recommendations for lux levels in different indoor settings and describes common lamp types like incandescent, fluorescent, LED and their uses for ambient, task, and accent lighting.

Uploaded by

Neha Albert
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BUILDING SERVICES-II

Module- 5

Ar. Asmita Yadav


Light

● Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the


human eye.
● It is a form of energy that travels in waves, and it can be
characterized by its wavelength, frequency, and amplitude.
● The visible light spectrum is the range of wavelengths that can be
detected by the human eye.
● It ranges from about 400 nm (violet) to about 700 nm (red). Light
with wavelengths shorter than 400 nm is called ultraviolet (UV)
light, and light with wavelengths longer than 700 nm is called
infrared (IR) light.
Light
Properties Light
● Wave-particle duality: Light can be described as both a wave and a
particle. This means that light can exhibit both wave-like properties,
such as interference and diffraction, and particle-like properties, such
as absorption and emission.
● Speed of light: The speed of light in a vacuum is 299,792,458 meters
per second (m/s). This is the fastest speed at which any information
can travel in the universe.
● Reflection: When light hits a surface, it can be reflected. The amount
of reflection depends on the properties of the surface.
● Refraction: When light passes from one medium to another, it can
be refracted. Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one
medium to another.
● Absorption: When light hits an object, it can be absorbed by the
object.That depends on the properties of the object.
Quantity of Light
Quantity of light is measured in lumens, which is a unit
of luminous flux.

● The amount of lumens required in a space


depends on the task being performed and the size
of the space.
● For example, a task that requires a lot of fine
detail, such as sewing or surgery, will need a
higher level of illumination than a task that does
not require as much precision, such as reading or
watching TV.
Quantity of Light

Illumination
The distribution of light on a horizontal surface. The purpose of all
lighting is to produce illumination.

Lumen
A measurement of light emitted by a lamp. As reference, a 100-watt
incandescent lamp emits about 1600 lumens.

Footcandle
A measurement of the intensity of illumination. A footcandle is the
illumination produced by one lumen distributed over a 1-square-foot area.
For most home and office work, 30–50 footcandles of illumination is
sufficient.
Quality of Light
● Quality of light is more subjective and can be affected by a number of factors, including the color
temperature of the light source, the distribution of light, and the presence of glare.
● The color temperature of a light source is measured in degrees Kelvin (K). Light sources with a lower
Kelvin temperature, such as 2700K, are considered to be "warm".
● Light sources with a higher Kelvin temperature, such as 5000K, are considered to be "cool" and
produce a bright, white light.
Factors to Consider

● The ambient light in the space. If there is a lot of natural light,


you may not need as much artificial light.
● The size and shape of the space. A large, open space will
require more light than a small, enclosed space.
● The reflectance of the surfaces in the space. Lighter surfaces
will reflect more light, while darker surfaces will absorb
more light.
● The desired mood or atmosphere. The lighting can be used to
create a variety of moods, such as a relaxing atmosphere or a
stimulating atmosphere.
Recommended Lux

Here are some recommended lux levels for different indoor settings:

● Living rooms: 100-150 lux


● Bedroom: 50-150 lux
● Kitchen: 250-300 lux
● Bathroom: 150-300 lux
● Office: 300-500 lux
● Workshop: 600-700 lux
● Operating room: 1000 lux
Type of Lamps

● Incandescent lamps are the most common type of lamp. They work
by heating a tungsten filament until it glows white hot. Incandescent
lamps are relatively inexpensive, but they are also inefficient and
have a short lifespan.
● Discharge lamps use an electric current to excite a gas, which
produces light. Discharge lamps are more efficient than
incandescent lamps and have a longer lifespan. However, they are
also more expensive.
● Fluorescent lamps are a type of discharge lamp. They work by
exciting mercury vapor, which produces ultraviolet light. The
ultraviolet light then strikes a phosphor coating on the inside of the
lamp, which converts it into visible light. Fluorescent lamps are
more efficient than incandescent lamps.
Type of Lamps

● Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) are a type of fluorescent lamp that


is designed to fit into a standard incandescent lamp socket. CFLs are more
efficient than incandescent lamps and have a longer lifespan.
● Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a type of solid-state light source.
LEDs are very efficient and have a long lifespan. They are also free of
mercury and other hazardous materials. LEDs are becoming increasingly
popular as a lighting source.
● Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are a type of LED that uses
organic materials to emit light. OLEDs are very efficient and have a long
lifespan. They are also very thin and flexible, which makes them suitable
for use in a variety of applications. OLEDs are still under development,
but they have the potential to revolutionize the lighting industry.
Lighting Uses

Ambient lighting: Provides general illumination indoors for daily activities, and
outdoors for safety and security.

Task lighting: Facilitates particular tasks that require more light than is needed for
general illumination, such as under-counter kitchen lights, table lamps, or
bathroom mirror lights.

Accent lighting: Draws attention to special features or enhances the aesthetic


qualities of an indoor or outdoor environment.
Outdoor Lighting Design

When designing outdoor lighting, consider the purpose of the lighting along with basic methods for
achieving energy efficiency.Outdoor lighting for homes generally serves one or more of three
purposes:

● Aesthetics: Illuminate the exterior of the house and landscape


● Security: Illuminate the grounds near the house or driveway
● Utility: Illuminate the porch and driveway to help people navigate safely to and from the
house.
Indoor Lighting Design

When designing indoor lighting for energy efficiency, consider some


basic design principles and methods. Energy-efficient lighting
design principles include the following:

● Maximize the use of daylighting.


● More light is not necessarily better.
● light quality is as important as quantity.
● Match the amount and quality of light to the performed
function.
● Install task lights where needed and reduce ambient light
elsewhere.
● Use energy-efficient lighting components, controls, and
systems (i.e., timers, occupancy sensors and connected home
apps)
Extra Low Voltage (ELV) system

Extra Low Voltage (ELV) systems refer to electrical systems that operate on a low
voltage, specifically alternating current not exceeding 50 V AC and direct current not
exceeding 120 V DC.

Components of ELV Systems:

● Closed Circuit Television System (CCTV): CCTV systems can be connected


wirelessly to reduce the cost of hard wiring and provide flexibility in system
positioning
● Telephone Systems: ELV telephone systems use low voltage to transmit voice
signals.
● Data Networking: ELV data networking systems include the infrastructure and
equipment used for data transmission, such as routers, switches, and cabling.
● Cable TV Networking: ELV cable TV networking systems distribute television
signals to multiple outlets within a building.
3Bhk Electrical Layout Plan
Thank you

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