DEFEN DER S T A S IS HD

EQUIPMENT PRESERVATION FLUID

HYDRATE PREVENTION FLUID
Description:
• Defender Stasis HD (ISO 110) is a unique, high density, environmentally friendly
preservation fluid (SG > 1.14) formulated to protect subsea equipment components and
profiles from corrosion, calcareous deposits and marine fouling while preventing gas
hydrate formation in the access bore of deepwater subsea wells. The fluid is
environmentally nontoxic, biodegradable, non-bioaccumulating, non-sheen forming,
and non-hydrate forming.
• Defender Stasis HD is classified as a subsea wellhead preservation fluid in compliance
with U.S. EPA NPDES GMG290000, with annual testing by an EPA certified laboratory
(test results available upon request). The fluid is approved for direct discharge to sea
from subsea oil and gas facilities under U.S. regulations and the regulations of most
offshore oil-producing nations.
• Defender Stasis HD is made from a special, high density, biodegradable base oil
combined with environmentally friendly additives to provide superior protection for
metallic and nonmetallic subsea equipment components. The fluid has a good shelf life Defender Stasis HD-N
and long service life (3 to 5 years minimum) but will dissipate and biodegrade rapidly if (Natural color)
released to the environment (>60% within 28 days).
• Defender Stasis HD meets and exceeds requirements as an Environmentally Acceptable
Lubricant (EAL) under U.S. EPA VGP, OSPAR, EU Ecolabel, and other Ecolabel programs.
• Defender Stasis HD is available in natural color or with nontoxic colorant.

Applications:
• Defender Stasis HD is a moderately viscous preservation fluid (ISO 110) developed to
protect subsea tree access bores, subsea tubing heads, subsea manifolds, and similar
subsea well equipment during abandonments and for static zones in long term .
• Defender Stasis HD is a high density fluid (S.G. > 1.14) that immediately sinks to the
bottom of immersed cavities filled with seawater or other fluids up to 1.13 S.G.,
displacing other fluids from the bottom up, and then progressively sweeping the fluids
upwards as more Stasis HD is injected. Stasis HD will sweep seawater, fresh water,
water-based control fluids, MEG, diluted completion brines, other aqueous fluids (S.G.
<= 1.13), crude oil and refined mineral oils. With a vent at the top of a cavity, nearly all
of the original fluid can be displaced, swept, and replaced with Stasis HD.
• Defender Stasis HD is a unique, water-soluble, synthetic oil-based preservation fluid, yet
the fluid has very slow solubility in seawater and other aqueous fluids compared to most
Stasis HD Injection
water-soluble fluids. Stasis HD will reliably maintain separate phase with other fluids
from ROV Video:
during injection for most injection methods. Stasis HD can be spotted into equipment
Defender Stasis HD fluid
bores open water, injected into closed cavities via hot stab receptacle, or injected via exits hot stab ports and
riser choke and kill lines. Stasis HD will blend quickly with other fluids if there is heavy flows down into subsea
agitation, but solubility for normal injection methods and static conditions after injection tree access bore to
is quite slow, especially at subsea temperatures. displace seawater

© 2023 Universal Subsea, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 1 of 4

 Benefits:
• Defender Stasis HD was developed for subsea well equipment to prevent gas hydrates
in protected cavities while stopping corrosion, calcareous scale deposits, and marine
fouling. The fluid will substantially improve long term reliability of subsea tree swab
valves, crown plugs, internal tree caps, and tree interface profiles, which will reduce
intervention costs and will also extend the useable life for many subsea wells, providing
millions of dollars in additional income for the asset owner.
• Defender Stasis HD is formulated to protect steel and other metals from corrosion and
deterioration. The fluid is highly inhibited against moisture and rusting in both fresh
water and seawater testing and will pass ASTM D-665A & B Turbine Oil Rust Tests.
• Defender Stasis HD protects subsea equipment by displacing seawater and other fluids
from internal bores. The fluid will outdisplace seawater, other water-soluble fluids, and
most hydrocarbon fluids to fully immerse equipment bores with preservation fluid from
the bottom up to protect metal surfaces from corrosion. Residual seawater or other
Seawater Displacement
aqueous fluids will typically be slowly absorbed into solution with the Stasis HD fluid to
Test – During Injection:
create a predominantly non-aqueous, clear, oil-water emulsion. Defender Stasis HD-N
• Defender Stasis HD provides superior corrosion protection compared to water-based added on top of ASTM
control fluids and water-based preservation fluids, providing naturally long life that will synthetic seawater
not deplete like water-based fluids. Stasis HD provides equal or better corrosion
protection compared to mineral oils and most petroleum based products. The fluid
provides good corrosion protection with seawater contamination levels up to 20%.
• Defender Stasis HD is a nonelectrolytic fluid that meets requirements as a dielectric fluid
in the virgin state (i.e. 100%). The fluid maintains low electrical conductivity after
seawater contamination per the chart below.
• Defender Stasis HD is compatible with all common metals and nonmetallic materials in
oilfield service, including most elastomers, plastics and nonmetallic coatings. The fluid
is more benign to nonmetallic materials than mineral oils, other petroleum fluids, and
water-based control fluids.
• Defender Stasis HD is formulated primarily for subsea tree and tubing head applications
in deep water, but is also excellent for a wide range of subsea equipment preservation
applications, including shipping, storage and wet parking, to protect internal bores and
critical sealing surfaces of subsea trees, subsea manifolds, jumpers, flowlines,
Seawater Displacement
PLETs/PLEMs, subsea pumps, and similar subsea equipment.
Test – After Injection:
• Defender Stasis HD is very safe to use and dispense, with low volatility, a high flash point, Defender Stasis HD-N
and excellent fire safety. The fluid has minimal toxicity in the event of personnel has displaced seawater
exposure, and is rated as a negligible hazard or minimally toxic for all personnel ratings. from bottom of bottle

Hydrate prevention benefits:

• Many subsea trees will slowly bubble natural gas past the crown plugs (horizontal trees) or the swab valves
(vertical trees). Gas will accumulate at the top of the subsea tree bore closure, which will often freeze into
hydrate ice blockages at the top of the tree access bore. During subsequent interventions, the hydrate blockage
will impede well intervention, which will require methanol injection and a full day of vessel time.
• Defender Stasis HD injected into the tree access bore will create a non-aqueous environment, so natural gas will
bubble through the preservation fluid without forming hydrates. Some residual seawater is acceptable as a
separate phase or in solution with the Stasis HD, and hydrate formation in the cavity will still be eliminated or
greatly reduced in size or solidity. The fluid is far superior to MEG to prevent hydrates and stop corrosion.

USI Defender Stasis HD PDS-R0.4 © 2023 Universal Subsea, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 2 of 4
 Chemical compatibility testing:
• Water-based control fluids commonly use metallic salt compounds as antiwear additives and biocides. These
salts in the control fluids often have compatibility problems with salts in completion brines, producing various
rejectable precipitants including gelatinous dropouts that can pose a threat to subsea control system reliability.
• Defender Stasis HD has been tested for chemical compatibility with a number of common oilfield fluids without
producing any rejectable precipitants. The fluid does not contain metallic salt compounds in appreciable
quantities that would negatively react to the salts in water-based control fluids and completion brines.
• Stasis HD passed compatibility testing with synthetic seawater (per ASTM D1141), fresh water, and
monoethylene glycol (MEG) with no rejectable precipitants.
• Stasis HD passed compatibility testing with water-based control fluids including Oceanic HW-443, Oceanic HW-
525, and Transaqua HT with no rejectable precipitants.
• Stasis HD passed compatibility testing with completion brines including CaBr2, CaBr2/MEG, and ZnBr2/CaBr2
with no rejectable precipitants.
• Please consult Universal Subsea for chemical compatibility testing for other customer specified fluids.

Electrical conductivity:
• Defender Stasis HD provides an electrically insulating environment, with negligible conductivity in low voltage
conductivity testing. The fluid has been tested for electrical conductivity in the virgin state (100%) and with
varying levels of seawater contamination with comparison to various reference fluids including synthetic
seawater, fresh water, water-based control fluids, and completion brines.

• Defender Stasis HD when contaminated with seawater still provides electrically insulating properties with
minimal conductivity. Stasis HD with up to 20% synthetic seawater contamination has limited conductivity as
shown on the chart below, at 227.5 mS/cm, which is less conductivity than typical fresh water, and a small fraction
of the conductivity of 100% synthetic seawater (providing a 98.8% reduction in conductivity).

• Defender Stasis HD is an excellent preservation fluid for any subsea interface connections with electrical
penetrators such as subsea tubing heads to provide optimum long-term connector reliability.

Electrical Conductivity of Subsea Well Fluids and Reference Fluids, microSiemens/cm

Defender Stasis HD-N 0.7
Stasis HD-N / Syn. Seawater, 95:5 17.4
Stasis HD-N / Syn. Seawater, 90:10 112.0
Stasis HD-N / Syn. Seawater, 80:20 227.5
Stasis HD-N / Syn. Seawater, 50:50 3,160
Deionized (DI) Water 0.4
Fresh Water (Typical City, Filtered) 322
Synthetic Seawater (ASTM D1141) 19,325
MEG / DI Water, 60:40 334
Oceanic HW-443 1,403
Oceanic HW-525 945
Transaqua HT 1,020
CaBr2 / MEG 35% v/v 10.4 ppg 19,650
CaBr2 13.9 ppg 19,515
ZnBr2 / CaBr2 15.8 ppg 19,460
0 2,750 5,500 8,250 11,000 13,750 16,500 19,250 22,000

© 2023 Universal Subsea, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 3 of 4

Defender Stasis HD (ISO 110) – Typical Specifications TEST METHOD Results
Specific Gravity@ 15.6°C [60°F] ASTM D1298 1.145
Viscosity @ 40°C [104°F], cSt ASTM D445 109
Viscosity @ 100°C [212°F], cSt ASTM D445 18
Viscosity @ 0°C [32°F], cSt ASTM D445 1740
Freeze Point USI TP-1 <12°F [-11°C]
Flash Point (COC) ASTM D92 455°F [235°C]
Rust Prevention, Distilled Water ASTM D665a Pass
Rust Prevention, Syn. Sea Water ASTM D665b Pass
Dielectric Strength, kV ASTM D877 >40
Biodegradation Classification ASTM D5864 Ultimate PW1
This data sheet and the information contained herein are believed to be accurate as of the date of printing. Specifications are subject to change.

Universal Subsea, Inc.

10685-B Hazelhurst Dr. #18825
Houston, TX 77043
Ph: 713-542-1262
Email: sales@universalsubsea.com
Web: www.universalsubsea.com

USI Defender Stasis HD PDS-R0.4 © 2023 Universal Subsea, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 4 of 4