A Report on

“A STUDY ON WORKING CAPITAL OF JNPA”

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU PORT AUTHORITY

A Summer Internship Project (SIP) done in

“FINANCE”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

degree of Master of Management Studies (MMS) under the University
of Mumbai

Submitted by

SHRUTI DILIP GHARAT

ROLL NO: 2022M093 PRN: 2019016401508082
BATCH: 2022-2024 ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024

Under the guidance of

S.S. RANJAN
Bharati Vidyapeeth’s
Institute of Management Studies & Research
Navi Mumbai

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I would like to take this opportunity to thank my college for having
projects as a part of the MMS curriculum.

I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to the following individuals who have

played a crucial role in the research for the project. Without their active
cooperation and preparation of this project could not have been completed within
the specified limit.

I am thankful to “JAWAHARLAL NEHRU PORT AUTHORITY” from where I got the

relevant information regarding my project. I am also thankful to MR. GANESH
PATIL sir who provided us all the relevant information regarding my project.

The project I would like to acknowledge my guide S.S. RANJAN, of Bharati

Vidyapeeth’s Institute of Management Studies and Research, who supported me
throughout this project with utmost co-operation and patience. I am very much
thankful to you sir, for sparing your precious and valuable time for me and for helping
in doing the project.

I am also thankful to the director ma’am Dr. ANJALI KALSE, who gave us an
opportunity to make this project in our final year.

Finally, to all my friends who helped me in making this project. I want to thank them
for all their helps, support, interest and valuable hints.

SIGNATURE OF THE STUDENT

SHRUTI DILIP GHARAT

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Certificate from the company

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Summer Internship Project (SIP) titled “A Study on
Working Capital Of JNPA” is successfully done by Miss. Shruti Dilip Gharat,

Roll No 2022M082 Batch 2022-2024, Academic Year 2023-2024, a student of Bharati

Vidyapeeth’s Institute of Management Studies and Research, Navi Mumbai , submitted
in partial fulfilment of MMS -Master of Management Studies programme affiliated to
the University of Mumbai from 10th May 2023 to 07th July 2023 at JAWAHARLAL
NEHRU PORT AUTHORITY

Date :

_____________________ _________________

Prof.S.S.Ranjan Dr. Anjali Kalse

Project Guide Director

BVIMSR BVIMSR

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

During my internship I gained practical knowledge on how the financial sector of an

organization operates and coordinates its activities to ensure smooth functioning of the
organization.

The project starts with its introduction. Next section of the project comprises, introduction to the
industry. It gives an overview of the port Industry of

India. Each chapter contains things that are done in the port Industry.

The report states an organization profile of JNPA giving its background, mission,

vision, its products and services, the hierarchy of the organization.

Finally there is the conclusion followed by references.

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 Index
Title of The Chapter Page no
Chapter 1. Introduction of Project 7
1.1 significance 8-9
1.2 Objectives of the study 10
1.3 Need of the study 10
Chapter 2 . Introduction of industry 11-13
2.1 Overview of the industry 14-15
2.2 Major players of the industry 16
2.3 Market share 17
Chapter 3. Introduction to JNPA 18-30
Chapter 4. Research Methodology 31-32
Chapter 5. Roles & Responsibilities 33-34
Chapter 6. Work culture of the Organisation 35
Chapter 7. Observation 36
Chapter 8. Conclusion 37
Chapter 9. Learnings from the Project 38
Chapter 10. Bibliography 39

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 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT

INTRODUCTION

The finance sector within the changing world of port management plays a role, in maintaining
and improving the efficiency and competitiveness of maritime trade. This comprehensive project
focuses on exploring the aspects of port operations and infrastructure development.

The main objective of this project is to optimize resources in the port industry ensuring growth
while maximizing investment returns. By conducting analysis and strategic planning our aim is
to identify opportunities for increasing revenue and reducing costs. This includes evaluating the
feasibility of expansion projects exploring financing methods and implementing financial risk
management strategies.

Additionally this project places importance on promoting transparency and accountability in

management within port authorities. We will examine practices related to reporting, internal
controls and governance structures to enhance the integrity of the sectors finances.

Through strengthening the foundations of the port industry our project ultimately aims to drive
development boost international trade and reinforce the industrys resilience amidst ever
changing market dynamics. Together these efforts will ensure that the finance sector within the
port industry continues to serve as a support pillar, for commerce and economic growth.

The finance sector is the lifeblood of the port industry, underpinning its ability to function
efficiently, compete globally, and contribute significantly to regional and national economies.
This comprehensive project is dedicated to exploring the multifaceted world of finance within
the port industry, aiming to optimize financial practices, enhance economic sustainability, and
foster growth.

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1.1Significance
The primary objective of this project is to dissect, analyze, and optimize the financial aspects of
port operations and development. Ports are economic engines, handling massive volumes of
cargo and connecting global trade networks. However, to maintain and expand their vital role,
they must be financially robust. This project holds immense significance as it seeks to ensure
that the finance sector of the port industry is well-equipped to support this pivotal infrastructure.

Revenue Enhancement and Cost Efficiency

One core aspect of this project is to identify avenues for revenue enhancement. This involves
meticulous examination of existing revenue streams, tariff structures, and commercial strategies.
By optimizing these components, we aim to increase the financial inflow to ports.
Simultaneously, we will explore strategies to reduce costs, focusing on operational efficiencies,
energy consumption, and maintenance practices. The overarching goal is to improve the cost-
effectiveness of port operations.

Investment Evaluation and Capital Planning

Robust investment decisions are vital for port growth and competitiveness. This project involves
in-depth evaluation of potential expansion projects, infrastructure improvements, and technology
investments. We will employ financial modeling and risk analysis to assess the feasibility and
expected returns of these investments. Through well-informed capital planning, we aim to
allocate financial resources efficiently, ensuring the long-term sustainability of port
infrastructure.

Financial Risk Management

The volatile nature of global trade requires effective financial risk management. This project will
explore risk assessment and mitigation strategies, encompassing currency fluctuations, market
volatility, and geopolitical risks. By strengthening financial risk management practices, ports can
safeguard their financial stability and adapt to changing market conditions.

Transparency and Accountability

Financial transparency and accountability are paramount in the port sector. This project will
evaluate financial reporting practices, internal controls, and governance structures within port
authorities. We aim to enhance transparency to build trust among stakeholders and ensure that
financial resources are utilized ethically and effectively.

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Economic Development and Resilience
Ultimately, the project’s overarching objective is to strengthen the financial foundations of the
port industry. A robust finance sector is not only vital for sustainable port growth but also a
driving force behind economic development. Strong ports stimulate regional and national
economies, creating jobs and fostering trade. Moreover, this financial resilience ensures that
ports can weather economic downturns and adapt to evolving market dynamics.

In conclusion, this project in the finance sector of the port industry is a comprehensive endeavor
aimed at optimizing financial practices, enhancing economic sustainability, and fostering
growth. By addressing revenue, cost, investment, risk, and governance aspects, we aspire to
fortify the financial backbone of ports, ensuring their continued role as engines of global trade
and economic prosperity. Through these efforts, we contribute to a more connected, competitive,
and resilient world of maritime commerce.

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1.2 Objective of the study

The following main goals are covered by the research of the port industry’s financial sector:

Financial Sustainability: To evaluate and make sure that port operations are financially feasible
and resilient over the long term, despite economic setbacks and market fluctuations.
Revenue optimization Finding chances to increase income streams, such as tariffs, services, or
business endeavours, in order to boost the amount of money flowing into the port.
Efficiency in Cost Management: To assess and enhance the effectiveness of cost management
within port operations, including areas like operating procedures, energy usage, and maintenance
procedures to cut back on unnecessary costs.
Investment Analysis: To ensure that financial resources are deployed effectively to initiatives
with positive returns on investment and expansion projects.
Financial Risk Management: To protect financial stability, the port industry’s financial risks,
such as currency exchange rate fluctuations, market volatility, and geopolitical risks, must be
evaluated and mitigated.
Openness and Accountability: To increase financial openness and accountability within port
authorities, cultivate stakeholder trust, and make sure that financial resources are utilised
effectively and ethically.

1.3 Need of the study

Studying the financial sector within the port business has a broad and detailed scope,
encompassing many important sectors that jointly influence the financial viability and health of
these important marine centres. This study is fundamentally a financial analysis, looking deeply
into the port authority’ financial accounts to assess their present financial standing and
performance indicators. With an emphasis on maximising revenue production while ensuring
competitiveness in the global market, it entails carefully examining revenue management
techniques, including tariffs, fees, and revenues from various commercial operations. Another
crucial component of the scope is cost management, which involves examining operational costs
and efficiency improvements within port operations. The goal of the study is to find areas for
cost reduction and process improvements that could increase financial efficiency.

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Chapter 2: INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRY

The port industry is a vital component of the global economy, serving as the gateway for
international trade and the exchange of goods between nations. Ports are dynamic and complex
entities that play a pivotal role in facilitating the movement of cargo, connecting producers,
consumers, and markets worldwide. In this comprehensive exploration, we will delve into the
multifaceted world of ports, examining their historical evolution, operational intricacies,
economic significance, environmental challenges, and future prospects.

Historical Evolution:

The roots of the port industry can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where natural harbors
and riverbanks served as hubs for maritime trade. Over millennia, ports evolved from
rudimentary anchorage points to sophisticated facilities equipped with modern infrastructure and
technology. In the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution spurred significant advancements in
port development, with the construction of docks, piers, and railways to enhance efficiency.

Operational Dynamics:

Modern ports are highly organized and multifunctional hubs designed to accommodate various
types of cargo. One of the most prominent developments in port operations has been the
widespread adoption of containerization, a standardized system of intermodal freight transport.
Containers revolutionized the industry by simplifying cargo handling, reducing theft and
damage, and enabling seamless transfer between ships, trucks, and trains.

Port operations encompass a wide range of activities, including cargo handling, warehousing,
customs clearance, and transportation connections. Container terminals, equipped with massive
cranes and automated systems, efficiently load and unload containers from vessels. Ports also
offer value-added services such as packaging, labeling, and assembly to meet the diverse needs
of shippers.

Economic Significance:

The economic impact of ports cannot be overstated. They are engines of economic growth,
generating employment, fostering trade, and attracting investment. Ports create direct jobs in
cargo handling, maintenance, and administration, while also stimulating employment in related
industries such as logistics, manufacturing, and retail.

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Ports serve as critical nodes in supply chains, linking producers to consumers and facilitating the
movement of raw materials and finished products. Efficient ports reduce transportation costs,
enhance competitiveness, and contribute to a nation's economic prosperity. Furthermore, they
generate substantial government revenue through tariffs, taxes, and lease agreements.

Global Trade:

The port industry's significance extends beyond national borders. Ports are essential components
of the global trade network, enabling the exchange of goods on a massive scale. The
globalization of supply chains has led to an exponential increase in maritime trade, with over
80% of global trade by volume and 70% by value being transported by sea.

Strategically located ports serve as transshipment hubs, where cargo is transferred between
vessels on different routes. This function enhances trade connectivity, reduces transit times, and
lowers shipping costs, fostering economic integration between regions.

Environmental Challenges:

While ports are vital to global trade, they also face significant environmental challenges. The
industry is a major source of air and water pollution, primarily due to the emissions from ships,
trucks, and handling equipment. Ports are taking steps to mitigate their environmental footprint
by implementing cleaner technologies, electrifying equipment, and adopting sustainable
practices.

Additionally, ports must address the impact of climate change, as rising sea levels and extreme
weather events can disrupt operations and damage infrastructure. Many ports are investing in
resilience measures, such as elevated terminals and improved flood defenses, to safeguard
against these threats.

Future Prospects:

The future of the port industry is marked by both opportunities and challenges. Ports must adapt
to evolving trade patterns, technological advancements, and environmental regulations.
Automation and digitalization are transforming operations, with the introduction of autonomous
cranes, smart logistics systems, and blockchain-based supply chain management.

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Furthermore, the industry is exploring alternative fuels and propulsion technologies to reduce
emissions and comply with stricter environmental standards. Hydrogen fuel cells, battery-electric
vessels, and LNG (liquefied natural gas) are among the options being considered to power ships
and port equipment.

In conclusion, the port industry stands at the nexus of global commerce, shaping the flow of
goods and influencing economic development on a grand scale. Its historical evolution,
operational complexities, economic significance, environmental challenges, and future prospects
all underscore its critical role in the modern world. As the global economy continues to expand
and evolve, ports will remain indispensable, driving trade and connecting nations in an
increasingly interconnected world.

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2.1 OVERVIEW TO THE INDUSRTY

The port industry is a crucial component of international trade and logistics, acting as the hub for
the transport of people, goods, and raw resources around the world. Ports are an essential
component of the infrastructure, connecting countries, facilitating trade, and fostering economic
development. This in-depth analysis of the port industry covers its importance, different port
types, infrastructure, technical developments, economic impacts, environmental concerns,
security, regulation and governance, global interconnectedness, problems, and future trends.

Importance to World Trade: Ports serve as the backbone of global trade by enabling the
movement of products between nations and areas. They act as the main entry points for imports
and exports and are crucial nodes in international supply chains. Lacking effective ports, Global
trade would be severely constrained in the absence of effective ports.

Types of Ports: The port industry includes a wide variety of facilities, each specialising in
handling particular kinds of passengers or cargo. These comprise ports for containers, bulk
goods, oil and gas, passengers, and more. Ports that handle standardised containers that can be
easily transferred between ships, lorries, and trains are especially important because they
streamline the process of international trade.

Infrastructure: Ports need a lot of infrastructure to run well. Docks, piers, terminals, warehouses,
cranes, container yards and storage facilities all fall under this category. Depending on the size
and level of specialisation of the port, several infrastructure types and sizes are used. Modern
container ports frequently have cutting-edge equipment for handling containers, like gantry
cranes and automated stacking systems.

Technological Developments: The port industry has experienced substantial technological

development in recent years. With automated cranes and guided vehicles improving container
handling operations, automation is on the rise. Digital tracking and documentation systems using
the Global Positioning System (GPS) have enhanced the tracking and documentation of
shipments, increased efficiency and reducing turnaround times for vessels.
Economic Impact: Ports are strong economic growth catalysts. They create jobs both directly
through port operations and indirectly through other linked sectors including manufacturing,
logistics, and transportation. Additionally, ports draw investments, promoting regional and local
economic growth. Beyond their immediate neighbourhood, their economic influence benefits
entire countries and regions.

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Environmental Considerations: The functioning of ports may have an impact on the
environment, including the contamination of the air and water. Large ships frequently use fossil
fuels, which releases greenhouse gases and other pollutants. Ports are rapidly implementing eco-
friendly procedures and technologies to address these issues. Ships can, for instance, use shore
power when parked to connect to the electrical system and cut emissions.

Security: In the port industry, security is of the utmost significance. Ports are under the category
of essential infrastructure, rendering them susceptible to terrorist attacks or illegal activities like
smuggling. As a result, ports put in place strict security measures, such as extensive surveillance
systems, access controls, and thorough personnel and cargo screening processes.

Regulation and Governance: Ports are subject to various levels of regulation and oversight.
Governments typically establish regulatory frameworks to ensure safety, security, and fair
competition within the industry. Many ports are managed by specialized port authorities or
public-private partnerships responsible for their daily operations and development.

Global Connectivity: Ports serve as essential nodes in global connectivity and trade networks.
Major port hubs, such as Rotterdam in Europe, Singapore in Asia, and Shanghai in China, play
central roles in linking continents and facilitating the flow of goods between regions. These hubs
are indispensable for the efficient operation of global supply chains.

Challenges: The port sector faces several challenges. Congestion can lead to delays and
increased costs for shippers, impacting the efficiency of ports. Capacity constraints in busy ports
can hinder trade growth. Labor disputes and workforce shortages can disrupt port operations.
Additionally, ports must adapt to changing trade patterns, including shifts in global supply
chains and emerging markets.

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2.2 MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE INDUSTRY

The 13 major ports of India are:

1. Chennai Port, Tamil Nadu

2. Kochi Port, Kerala

3. Ennore Port, Tamil Nadu

4. Kolkata Port, West Bengal

5. Kandla Port, Gujarat

6. Mangalore Port, Karnataka

7. Mumbai Port, Maharashtra

8. Jawaharlal Nehru Port, Maharashtra

9. Paradip Port, Odisha

10. Tuticorin Port, Tamil Nadu

11. Vishakhapatnam Port, Andhra Pradesh

12. Port Blair Port, Andaman & Nicobar Port

13. Marmagao Port, Goa

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2.3 MARKET SHARE

95% of trading in India is done through the seaports of the country.

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 Chapter 3: Introduction to JNPA

The port was established on 26 May 1989.

JN Port is the second largest container handling port in India after Mundra Port, crossing 4
million TEUs (Twenty-foot equivalent units) in containers throughout consecutively between
2016 and 2021.

JNPA consists of a full-fledged Customs House, 30 Container Freight Stations and connectivity
to 52 Inland Container Depots across the country. The hinterland connectivity both by rail and
road is being further strengthened by ongoing projects like the Dedicated Freight Corridor
(DFC), which will increase the existing train capacity from 27 to 100 trains per day; Multi-
Modal Logistics Park (MMLP) and widening of the Port's road connectivity. It is in proximity to
the Cities of Mumbai, Navi Mumbai and Pune; airports; hotels, exhibition centres, etc. gives the
Port an extra edge to address the shippers’ needs, efficiently and promptly.

Jawaharlal Nehru Port, also known as Nhava Sheva Port, is the second largest container port in
India after Mundra Port. Operated by the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust Authority (JNPTA), it is
located on the eastern shores of Arabian Sea in Navi Mumbai, Raigad district, Maharashtra. This
port can be accessed via Thane Creek, a nodal city of Navi Mumbai.[6] It is the main port of
the Mumbai Metropolitan Region after Mumbai Port, also of Maharashtra and Western India. Its
common name derives from the names of Nhava and Sheva villages that are situated here. It is
also the terminal of the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor.

As of January 2023, the port is undergoing upgrades with the help of a loan agreement signed
between the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Nhava Sheva Freeport Terminal Private
Limited (NSFTPL). The loan of $131 million will be used to improve the terminal's infrastructure,
increase its container handling capacity, upgrade existing berths and yards, and install energy-
efficient equipment. The upgrades aim to attract vessels and make international trade more
efficient, transparent and sustainable

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 Overview of the JNPA

The top container handling port in India is the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority (JNPA) in Navi
Mumbai, which handles around 50% of all the containerized freight that passes through the
country's major ports. In the three decades since it was first put into service on May 26, 1989,
JNPA has evolved from a bulk-cargo terminal to the top container port in the nation. JNPA is
ranked 26th among the top 100 container ports in the world and has connections to more than
200 ports.

The Nhava Sheva Free Port Terminals (NSFT), the Nhava Sheva International Container
Terminal (NSICT), the Gateway Terminals India Pvt. Ltd. (GTIPL), the Nhava Sheva
International Gateway Terminal (NSIGT), and the recently launched Bharat Mumbai
Container Terminals Private Limited (BMCT) are the five container terminals currently
operated by JNPA. The port also features another liquid cargo terminal, which is run by a
BPCL-IOCL venture, and a shallow water berth for general cargo.

JNPA has created a multi-product SEZ on its 277 hectares of privately owned freehold property
in an effort to draw foreign investment and major manufacturers from around the world.

In order to encourage the industrialization of the hinterland, the JNPA is also building a satellite
port at Vadhvan and 4 dry ports at Jalna, Wardha, Sangli, and Nashik. JNPA is steadfastly
committed to offering seamless services to the world that docks here and has solidly
established itself as the main stimulant for trade and business in the nation.

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 History

• Where it all began

• Piling work underway for Jetty construction at JN Port in 1986
1986
• Inauguration
• The then Chief Minister of Maharastra, Mr. Sharad Pawar, Former
Prime Minister Mr. Rajiv Gandhi, First Chairperson of JN Port, MS
1989 Anna Malhotra, And Former Minister For Surface Transport Mr.
Rajesh Pilot at the inauguration of the Port

• Second Container Terminal

• Consortium led by P&O Ports, Australia, wins bid for second
1997 container terminal

• NSICT
• NSICT India's first privatized container terminal
1999-2000 is commissioned

• Business
• JN Port becomes first Indian Port to handle more
2001 than 1 million TEUs

• Bulk to Container
• The bulk terminal is tendered to be converted
2002 into a container terminal

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 • Liquid Cargo Terminal
• Twin-berth Liquid Cargo Terminal, jointly developed by BPCL and
2002 IOC on BOT basis is commissioned

• Bulk to Container
• The bulk terminal is tendered to be converted into a container
2003 terminal

• Gateway Terminals of India

• GTICT the third container terminal developed by Gateway
Terminals of India Pvt. Ltd., a consortium of AP Moller Maersk and
2006 CONCOR, is commissioned commences operations

• Business
• JN Port crosses 3 million TEU mark in container
2007 handling

• Business
• JN Port crosses 4 million TEUs in container handling
2010
• Dredging
• Contract for dredging for widening and deepening of
2012 channel awarded to Boskalis International, b.v.

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 • Concession Agreement with DP world
• Concession agreement for 330-metre quay extension signed with
2013 DP World

• 4th Container Terminal

• Concession agreement for fourth container terminal at JN Port is
signed with Bharat Mumbai Container Terminals Pvt. Ltd., a
2014 subsidiary of Port of Singapore Authority (PSA), Singapore

• Foundation Stone for 4th Container Terminal

• Hon'ble Prime Minister Shri. Narendra Modi laying the foundation
2015 stone for the 4th Container Terminal at JN Port

• Foundation Stone for Multi - crore projects

• Hon'ble Minister for Road Transport & Highways, Shipping and Water
Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation Shri. Nitin
2017 Gadkari lays foundation for Rs. 1,117 Crore projects at JN Port

• Inauguration of 4th Container Terminal

• Hon'ble Prime Minister Shri. Narendra Modi innaugrating the 4th
2018 Container Terminal at JN Port

• Additional Liquid Berth

• Shri Mansukh Mandaviya, Minister of State for Shipping
(Independent Charge) and Chemicals & Fertilizers, Government of
India, laid the foundation stone for an Additional Liquid Berth that
will cater to the demand of handling additional liquid cargo at JNPA.
2019 The estimated cost for the development of this terminal is Rs.309 cr
& it will enhance the capacity by around 4.5 Million Tonnes Per
Annum (MTPA).

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 •Shri Mansukh Mandaviya Inaugurated Various Infra Projects at JNPA
•Shri Mansukh Mandaviya, Minister of State for Shipping (Independent
Charge) and Chemicals and Fertilizers, Inaugurated various Infra Projects
like Mobile X-Ray Container Scanner facility, Centralized Parking Plaza
(CPP), Second project of 220/333KV MUSS Sub-station, newly constructed
2020 fly-over at Y Junction and Shiv Samarth Memorial and Museum.

•JNPA Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Stands operational

•JNPA so far has allotted 20 plots in its SEZ, which includes 19 MSME units
and 1 Free Trade Warehousing Zone (FTWZ) to the Co-developer. 5 units
amongst these allottees have started their construction activities and out of
them 2 units in JNPA SEZ namely, M/s OWS LLP and M/s Krish Food
Industry (India) have completed their first phase of operational activity
2020 and are declared operational units by Development Commissioner, SEEPZ,
SEZ with effect from 24th June 2020.

•Centralized Parking Plaza

•Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority (JNPA) has opened a new Centralized
Parking Plaza (CPP) for container tractor trailers with Customs facilitation,
as part of its efforts to promote ease of doing business. The parking plaza
spread across 45 hectares has a capacity to park 2,832 tractor trailers at a
time. The plaza has been built exclusively to integrate the parking of tractor
2020 trailers carrying factory stuffed export containers at one location instead of
multiple locations earlier.

• Coastal Berth
• To give momentum to coastal shipping, the Govt of India has
decided to have coastal vessel berth every major port which is to
be located in the shallower portion where large International
2021 ships cannot come, to accommodate the coastal vessel wherein the
cargo handling shall be free from custom and immigration
formalities. Responding to this requirement, JNPA has taken up the
project of ‘Coastal Berth’.

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 JNPA LOGO

The shades of blue in the JNPA logo are inspired by the Water Bodies that is our source of
livelihood. The flexible strokes and lines help distinguish JNPA as the port that offers flexibility
and ease in operations. On reading deeper in the design, one can understand that the shape of the
logo is that of the globe which gives a clear message that the port is associated with international
trade.

The rotating arrows around it suggest mobilization in import and export trade. The steer at the top
signifies JNPA’s vision to be at the apex of trade in India and the white strokes at the horizon
represent its International footprint. The waves at the bottom symbolize.

● Modern container handling port

● Facilitator of international trade
● Highly efficient and productive

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 VISION AND MISSION OF JNPA

Vision
● To become the premier container port of South Asia.

Mission
● To be equipped with state-of-the-art technology, efficiency and manpower
which are at par with the international standards.
● To conform to international standards and offer cost-effective integrated
logistics solutions.
● Ensure security and safety of life, equipment and cargo.
● Pursue the principles of eco-friendly sustainable development.
● Constantly upgrade the competence, awareness, skills and motivation of
port personnel for continual improvement in all efficiency parameters.

25
Facility

In JNPT there are better job opportunities available in port areas as well as in administration
building as most of the workers ae been getting retired so there may be chances of new
recruits. The company provides facilities to employees like:

• Free treatment for employees and their family in any hospitals.

• Proper canteen facility.

• Good quarters allotments system according to their post, for example a normal
employee may get 1 or 2 BHK flat were as an officer or manager will get 3 or
4 BHK flat.

• Staff and Officers clubs whack includes Gym, hobby classes, carrom and chess
room, badminton court, etc.

• Everyone working for the organization has access to adequate transportation

facilities, making conveyance easier.

• Proper transport facility to employees and employers according to their post is

also available.

26
 Traffic

JNP accounts for more than half of total container volumes handled at India's 12 public ports
and around 40 percent of the nation's overall containerized ocean trade Major exports from
Jawaharlal Nehru Port are textiles, sporting goods, carpets, textile machinery, boneless meat,
chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The main imports are chemicals, machinery, plastics,
electrical machinery, vegetable oils and aluminium and other non-ferrous metals. The port
handles cargo traffic mostly originating from or destined for Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh,
Gujarat, Karnataka, as well as most of North India.

IMPORTANCE AND SIGNIFICANCE

The port is committed to meeting the needs and expectation of its customers and the
nation by: Equipping itself with state of the art equipment and technology and efficient,
professional and computer integrated terminal operation system. Conforming to
international standards and offering comparative rates.

Ensuring security and safety of life, equipment and cargo .Pursuing the principal of
sustainable development constantly upgrading the competence, awareness, skills and
motivation of the port personnel to bring about continual improvement in the physical
efficiency parameters

In the water transportation system the sea ports are very important. Similarly, the
Jawaharlal Nehru port is one of most important dear ports of the West coast of India. It
is also the largest container port in India. That's why it has a great marine transportation
importance in our country.

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 CONTAINER TERMINALS OF JNPA
Currently JNPA operates five container terminals: The Nhava Sheva Free Port Terminals
(NSFT), the Nhava Sheva International Container Terminal (NSICT), the Gateway Terminals
India Pvt. Ltd. (GTIPL), Nhava Sheva International Gateway Terminal (NSIGT), and the
newly commissioned Bharat Mumbai Container Terminals Private Limited (BMCT).

Nhava Sheva Free Port Terminals (NSFT)

Nhava Sheva Freeport Terminal (NFST), a joint venture between JM Baxi and CMA
Terminals has recently announced that Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority (JNPA)
will start accepting export containers from 6th February. JNPA has signed the
concession agreement on 29th July, 2022 with M/s. Nhava Sheva Free Port
Terminals Pvt. Ltd. for ‘Upgradation, Operation and Maintenance & Transfer of
NSFT’. The assets are transferred to the concessioner and NSFT has commenced
the operations from 14th February, 2023. Nhava Sheva Freeport Container Terminal
is part of the Jawaharlal Nehru Port, which is among the top container ports in the
world. With deep hinterland access to north-western India, it is well connected to
ICD’s and linked to the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor.

Nhava Sheva International Container Terminal (NSICT – DP WORLD)

Nhava Sheva International Container Terminal is India's first private container
terminal. It was set up in 1997 and was inherited by DP World as part of the P&O
Ports acquisition in 2006. Built at Jawaharlal Nehru Port, India's largest gateway to
container trade, DP World Nhava Sheva has long been a significant contributor to
the country's development and a shining example for all subsequent container
terminal operators.

Nhava Sheva International Container Terminal is India's first private-public

partnership in the ports sector. While the Terminal commenced operations long ago,
it has never lost its importance to the shipping fraternity. Today, it still retains its
position as India's preferred container gateway, long after the arrival of competition.

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Gateway Terminals India Pvt. Ltd. (GTIPL)
APM Terminals Mumbai, also known as Gateway Terminals India (GTI) is India’s
busiest container terminal handling facility, operating from Nhava Sheva's
Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority (JNPA). Gateway Terminals India (GTI) is a joint
venture between APM Terminals and the Container Corporation of India Ltd
(CONCOR). Incorporated in July 2004, GTI operates the third container terminal at
Jawaharlal Nehru Port on a build, operate and transfer (BOT) basis for a period of
30 years. It commenced operations in March 2006.

Nhava Sheva International Gateway Terminal (NSIGT)

In June 2013, DP World further strengthened its relationship with India’s premier
gateway port, Jawaharlal Nehru Port, with the ceremonial signing of a concession
agreement to develop a new 330-meter terminal project. The new single-berth
terminal adds 800,000 TEUs of annual capacity to the Jawaharlal Nehru Port. The
terminal is equipped with the latest technology and terminal equipment.

With the need to develop infrastructure in India, DP World is privileged to partner

in providing world-class facilities for India’s traders. With Nhava Sheva (India)
Gateway Terminal, DP World contributes even more to India’s growth, offering our
customers the ability to grow and expand their business in India.

Bharat Mumbai Container Terminal (BMCT)

BMCT - Fourth Container Terminal is developed on Design, Built, Fund, Operate
and Transfer (DBFOT) basis for the concession period of 30 years. The estimated
cost of the project is Rs. 7915 Crores. The work was awarded to M/s Bharat Mumbai
Container Terminals Pvt. Ltd. (the subsidiary of Port of Singapore Authority) at the
Revenue Share of 35.790%. The Concession Agreement was signed on 6th May
2014 and the concession was awarded on 22nd December 2014.

The project is to be implemented in two Phases. i.e Phase –I and Phase –II. The
indicative cost of the project for Phase – I is Rs. 4,719 Crores and for Phase-II is
3,196 Crores. The total capacity addition would be 4.8 Million TEUs, 2.4 Million
TEUs in each phase.

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There are various departments in JNPA which constitutes of
following departments:

Port Traffic Department

This department is responsible for the smooth and safe movement of containers in-out of the
Port in a manner that ensures the optimum benefit of time and cost for the EXIM community
and provides ease of doing business.

Port Planning & Development

This department is responsible for overall Port planning and development and all aspects of
execution and overall efficiency. it also ensures optimal uses of Port lend and services.

Marine Department
This department is responsible to ensure safe and timely berthing / un-berthing of vessels and
also conscious of maintaining marine safety and ecological balance through regular
surveillance and quality control measures.

Administration Department
This department looks after all the administrative side of the Port business including internal
communication, training, and marketing roles.

Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Department

This department is responsible for all the Mechanical & Electrical works of JNPA, like safe up
keeping of all the Port equipment and Power distribution facilities to the desired level to
achieve efficiency & throughput in Port operations and to facilitate faster turnaround of the
vessels calling in JNPA. M&EE department works closely with the Traffic & PPD departments
to support the Port operation and assist in infrastructure development.

Finance Department
This department takes care of the overall financial operations of the Port.

Vigilance Department
This department looks after the integrity and transparency in operations/transactions within the
Port and with the outside stakeholders.

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Chapter 4: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN
A research design is a step-by-step approach used by a researcher to conduct a scientific
study. It includes various methods and techniques to conduct research so that a research
problem can be handled efficiently. There are three main types of designs for research: Data
collection, measurement, and analysis. The design phase of a study determines which tools to
use and how they are used.

Qualitative research:
Qualitative research is defined as a market research method that focuses on obtaining data
through open-ended and conversational communication. It is determining relationships
between collected data and observations based on mathematical calculations. Theories related
to a naturally existing phenomenon can be proved or disproved using statistical methods.
Researchers rely on qualitative research methods that conclude “why” a particular theory
exists along with “what” respondents have to say about it.

Descriptive design:
Descriptive research can be statistical research. The main goal of this type of research is to
describe the data and characteristics of what is being studied. A researcher is solely interested
in describing the situation or case under their research study. It is a theory-based design
method which is created by gathering, analysing, and presenting collected data. This allows a
researcher to provide insights into the why and how of research.

Quantitative research:
It is for cases where statistical conclusions to collect actionable insights are essential.
Numbers provide a better perspective to make critical business decisions. Quantitative
research design methods are necessary for the growth of any organization.

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SOURCE OF DATA

The data collected for this project was from a secondary source. The data was complied with
the help of sources like News articles, Internet, Capitaline software and some websites. The
descriptive method is used for the study.

Newspaper articles
Screener
Money control
Live mint
Through companies’ website

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 Chapter 5 :Roles and Responsibilities
It was very nice experience for me to get internship in JNPT. I was in Administration
building.
Since I chose finance as my area of concentration, the finance department was assigned to me
for my internship

In Finance Department there are different sections such as

• Estate Revenue Section
• Project Work Section
• Cash & Bank Section
• Financial Account Section
• Billing Section
• CT section
• Establishment Section
• Bulk terminal Revenue
• SEZ Billing

Finance department was mainly concerned with:

• Raising of container bills and collection of amounts in the revenue section.

• Raising of estate rentals related bills and collection.
• Issue or payment /receipt of cheque / cash transaction.
• Processing of bills for any port-related activity.
• Settlement of claims.
• Processing salary and other employee expenditures.
• Allocating the annual budget.
• Internal audits of departments.
• Insurance-related activities.

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 Work done throughout the internship

● Generating Account statement of various Banks in the PDF & EXCEL format on
daily basis.
● E-Mailing generated Account statement to concerned sections of Finance Department.
● Posting contra entries in the register manually and then in the SAP software.
● Crosschecking the payments done by the bank in the bank statement and RTGS/NEFT
statement (Docket)
● Making the payments of MSEDCL through online mode.
● Recording entries of Amount transferred from RTGS/NEFT in Outward payment
register
● Recording entries like Name of Party, Amount and Dates from the vouchers in the
Excel file.
● Recording entries related to Contractors, Employees in the Excel sheet.
● Preparing Letter for transferring of funds through RTGS/NEFT
● Payment voucher entry in inward record
● Crosscheck of details of docket and voucher information mainly account details
● Entering prepared date and sent to bank for the docket (RTGS/NEFT statement)
● Scanning of payment voucher, pay order, tax invoices for future references and to
avoid misplacement.
● Mailing the bank to settle medical bill, stitching charges, apprentice stipend, salary,
etc. and sending the same through letter to the bank.
● To rectify mistake in bills of medical, RTGS or other parties.
● Assisting in the investment and redemption procedures

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 Chapter 6: Work culture of organization

An organization is formed to achieve certain goals and objectives by bringing individuals

together on a platform and motivating them to deliver level best. Work culture is a concept
which deals with believes thought attitude of the employees as well as principles of the
organization

Work culture in JNPA is very supportive and friendly. Employees help me with the project
by sharing their knowledge and experience. At times, employees work often gets delayed but
they complete their respective targets. Work culture is healthy and involves equal decision
making. Overall work culture in JNPA is good and motivating.

The overall culture of JNPT is good. All managers were treating employees equally though it
be clerk, steno, senior assistance, office superintend. The managers were motivating,
appreciating their employees for their work but if the work in time then the manager would
getting hyper but not insulting or criticizing the employees as it may demotivate them.

The company environment is comfortable to adjust. The employees were provided with
proper transport facilities so they can be punctual. For employees who were working in
administration building their duty was general. Whereas for hospital and port employees it
was shift duty for example, day, general, 2nd and night shift. The lunch time was same for all
the employees i.e., 1:00 pm – 2:00 pm and every building has their own separate canteens

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 Chapter 7: Observations

● Before doing my internship I thought there would be more paper work in govt. office
but in actual life it was totally opposite the days of paper works are over now
everything is saved electronically.

● As I was not familiar with the SAP software used by JNPA in their firm, so the
mentors of the organisation helped me to adapt the software.

● Firstly I was not familiar with the employees and students working there so at the start
of my internship it was difficult for me to coordinate with them. But as time passed I
got used to it and later it was easy to coordinate with them as I was familiar them and
I didn’t hesitated to ask for anything which I did at the starting days of my internship.

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 Chapter 8 : Conclusion

● The internship was a fantastic, fruitful, and fulfilling experience. I have had the
opportunity to network with and meet so many people that I know will be able to
assist me in my profession.

● My internship has helped me develop my time management and motivational skills,

among other things.

● I gained motivational skills from this internship by learning how to work long hours
in the office. The best qualified personnel are drawn to, encouraged to stay with, and
guided by JNPA Ports to the areas where they may perform effectively and with the
most exposure. They have a great work atmosphere and a culture that values their
employees.

● These kinds of internships boost a student's confidence and help them feel more self-
motivated. These internships teach students about the inner workings of the corporate
world.

● I spent the majority of this time working in the finance department. I was supervised
by Mr. Ganesh Patil Sir, who served as my mentor in the Finance Department's cash
and bank area.

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 Chapter 9 : Learnings

• As I was not familiar with the SAP software used by JNPA in their firm, so
I had to learn about these software first which was quite interesting one
because each software had different shortcut keys to make the work faster
and in a govt firm time is very precious so, all those keys work was much
faster and easier than ever.

• In today’s competitive business world, you need to develop your skills,

personality general knowledge, communication skills, dressing skills etc.
because many companies observe your posture, gesture, dressing skills,
personality, etc.

• Understanding workplace culture

• Provided an opportunity to meet new people who might be future colleagues

or mentors.

• Gain hands-on experience during internships, which is a helpful supplement to

your education.
• Give me first-hand industry experience. It introduced me to the daily rigours and
tasks associated

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 Chapter 10: Bibliography

● http://www.jnport.gov.in/

● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Port

● https://www.linkedin.com/company/jnpt

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