Republic of the Philippines

Nueva Ecija University of Science and TechnologEy

Cabanatuan City

Problems and Solutions

In
ME 414D
(Flywheel)

Submitted By:
Jefferson Dancel

Archie Molina
Jun Ceazar Soriano
 1. Flywheel turns 550 rev/min (RPM). Determinethe magnitude of the normal acceleration
of the flywheel point which are at a distance of 15 cm from the rotation axis.

Solution:

g /2760
91002
15 , 331.73 "/,2

2. A cast iron flywheel with a mean diameterof 24 inches changesspeed from 550 rpm to
530 while it gives up 5800 ft-lb of energy. What is the coefficient of fiuctuation.

Solution:
C=V1-V2/ Vave
N1-N2 /Nave
=550 530/ (550+530/2)
0.0370 answer

3. A mechanical is is 25 mm diameterand the

used to punch 6 holes per minute
press

plates has an shear

ultimate strength of 420 Mpa.inThe normal operating speeed 200
rpm. And it slowsdown to 180 rpm during the process of punching. The flywheel has a
mean diameter of one meter and the rim width is 3 times the thickness. Assume that
the hub and arm accountfor 5% of the rim weight concentrated at the mean diameter
and the density of cast iron is 7200 kg per cubic meter. Find the power in KW required
to drive the press.

Solution:
E
Then:
%
Ft but:Ss = Sus F/A =420 MpaF/(7Dt) =420 =420[7Dt,] F

E
{420)7}(D)(t)?
(420)7
=
){25)(25)
=
10308 351 N-mm 10 308.351 Nm

1min 60 S 10 s/holes
6 holes min

P E/t= 10
1031 W power required answer

4. Find the weight of the flywheel needed by a machine to punch 20.5 mm holes 15.87
in

mm thick steel plate. The machine is to make 30 strokes per minute and a hole be

punched everystroke, the hole is to be formed during 30 degrees rotation of the

puncher crankshaft. A gear train with a ratio of 12 to 1 is to correct the flywheel shaft to
 mean diameterof a flywheel rim to the 91.44 cm
the crankshaft. Let the minimum

flywheel speed be 90% of the maximum and assume mechanical

is to efficiency of the
machinr to be 80%.Assume an ultimate stress of 49000 psi.

Solution:

Solving forthe energy needed by the process:

E =% Ftp

Where: F/A
=49000 psi

0.10132
F/(TDtp)= 49000| 14.7
F 337.75(rDt,)

Then: E =
{337.75)(7 (D)(t

E
A1337.75)r) 20.5|(15.87)

E 2739.195 Nm

Solving forthe maximum speed of the flywheel:

N1 30NEinoe360 1 revV
360 rpm
minstroke 30 hole=
Solving forthe minimum speed of the flywheel:

N 0.90(N,)
=0.90(360) =324 rpm
Solving forthe weight of the flywheel: (based on energy equation)

AKE W/2G [V,-V]

Where: Vi =rDmhi V2 =rDmn2
AKE -2739.195 N-m

Since theflywheelwill supply/releasethis energu, then:

-2739.195 Wr/ 2(9.81) [( Tx0.9144 x 324/602 -(Tx0.9144 x 360/60)1

W 952.11N or
97.05 kgr
answer

5. It is found that the shearing machine requires 205joules ofenergy to shear a specific

gauge of sheetmetal. The mean diameterof the flywheel is to be 76.2 cm, the normal
operating speed is 200 rpm and slow down to 180 rpm during shearing process. The rim
width is 30.48 cm and the weigth of ast iron is 7,196.6 kg/m3. Find the thicknes of the
 rim, assuming that the hub and arm accountfor 10% of the rim weight concentrated on
the mean diameter.

Solution:

AKE = W/ 26 [V2-V]
Where: Vi = rDmn1 V2 = rDmn2

205 W/ 2(9.81) [( T x0.762 x 180/60)-(T x 0.762 x 180/60)1|

W= 33.89kg weight of the flywheel

Solving forthe weight of the rim:

W =Wrim+WHA where: WHA 0.10Wrim

30.81 kg
33.89 1.10(Wim) Wrim

Solving forthe thickness of the rim,

WimY(Vm) =y(rDmbt) where: 7196.6 kg/m3

30.81 7196.6[7(0.762)(0.3048)(t)]

t 5.867 mm answer

6. A sheetmetal working company purchase a shearing machine from a surplus dealer

without a flywheel. It is calculated that the machine will use 2380 joules of energy to
sheara 1.2 mm
thick sheetmetal. The flywheel to be used will have a mean diameter of
91.44cm with a width cm. The normal operating speed is 180 rpm and slows
of 25.4

down to 160 rpm during the shearing process. Assuming that the arms and the hub will
accountfor 12% of the rim weight concentrated at the mean diameterand that the
material density is 0.26 lb/cu. In. Compute for the weight of the flywheel.

Solution:
AKE W/ 26 [V2-V1]
Where:

V TDmhni

V2 = TtDmnz

2380 W/ 2(9.81) [( 7x x
0.9144 160/60)2-(T x 0.9144 x 160/60)F]
 W 2996N=305kg answer

7. Calculate the moment of inertia, mass, for the circular flywheel of which the section.
The material of the flywheel is steel, the density of which is 7800 kg.m.

Solution:
We can 2,and

2
divide the area into three parts: I1, ls.

x (R2°-R:")
E 7 800x 0.05xx (0.1754-0.15 )
= 0.264 kg.m2

I, = PWx (R,4-R)
7800x0.03XTx
(0.15-0.135)
=0.064 kg.m2

Is =
-7800 x
x
0.015
(R24-0)
XT x (0.1354-0)
0.061 kg.m2

The total moment of inertia is

ITotal 0.264 +0.064 +0.061

0.389 kg.m2

8. A solid cast-iron flywheel 12 in. in diameter, 2500 rpm and having a weight of
rotating at
50 Ibs., is used for a punch press. Calculate the mean torque obtained, the flywheel's
if

energy is restored during (1/4)th of a revolution.

Solution: In a
punch press energy is stored in the flywheel for a small portion

=
of the cycle in the form of
(1/2)MR (For
= (1/2)(W/
kinetic
a
energy=
solid
(1/2)lw2
circular disk.)
where

8)R Ibs.-in.sec?
Where; W= weight and R = radius
of flywheel.
Now, this kinetic energy is restored in the form of work done by the

flywheel during the punching operation.

Work done =Tm
Where; -= Portion of flywheel's rotation during which the work is done
(Tt/ 2) radians
And, Tm Mean torque obtained from flywheel rotation.

Equating kinetic energy and work done by the flywheel

 Tm (1/2)lw?
Or,
(1)
Tn(1/2)(tw"}/ ¢
Now,
I (1/2)(W/g)R'g 386 = in./sec.2

(1/2)[50 / (386)](6)2
= 2.33 lbs.-in.-sec.
And,
langular velocity)
=[(2ntN) / 60][(rads)/(sec)]
o,
{27(2500)}/60]
=262 rads/sec.

Substituting values ofl, w and o in equation (1)

(1/2)2.33 x (262P}/(r/2)]
Tm
Tm 50,910 in.-lb.
The same torque is required to apply the brake to stop the flywheel during
of a revolution
(1/4th

9. Aflywheel used in a punch-press with a total energy requirementof 7000 Ibs.-ft. is

powered by an electric motor.The torque supplied by the motor is smooth and the
torque required by the flywheel is rapidly varying. Both torques areshown in the load-

torque diagram, Figure 1. The motor rpm varies from 1100 to 1400 and the motor
supplies (1/4) of its rpm to the flywheel. Calculate the mass-moment of inertia and the
outside diameterof the flywheel if the rest of the flywheel's dimensionsare in suitable

proportions as shown in Figure 2. Assume density of the flywheel material,

P 0.289 Ib./in.3

Solution: MOMENT OFINERTIA:

The moment of inertia of the flywheel l can be found by using the
relation for change in rotational kinetic energy K.E.ROT, i.e.,

K.E.ROT (1/2) HWmaxmin (1)

From the load-torque diagram, the total energy required for punching
= 7000 Ibs.-ft.
 o-15D,

shaft
disc
oo o cross-sec-
tion of
disc
Flywheel rim
ATIcross-section
of rimn
Fig. 2 Flywheel of punch-press

14T Maximum torque

13 necessary to
12t Punch
Total energy
11 required for
punching
10 4 RST + Rect.
9 POST 7000
1b-ft
- Mean torque

Smooth work
supplied by
3 the motor
Motor torque
-1910 1b-ft

Crank angular position-radians

Fig. 1 Load-torque requirement
 Also, energy supplied by the motor for the punching stroke

1910 x (T/4)
= 1500 Ibs.-ft.
Change in K.E. of the flywheel
= Energy provided by the flywheel for punching operation
Total by the motor
energy for punching- Energy provided
7000-1500
= 5500 Ibs.-ft.
or K.E. can also be found from the load-torque diagram as
SK.E. = (1/4) x Area of approximate APST
= (1/4) x 14,000 x 4) (Tt/

=5500 Ibs.-ft.

Also maximum angular velocity of the flywheel

Wmax (1/4) x max. angular velocity ofthe motor
= (1/4) x [(2tN) / 60]
= (1/40 x [{2rn(1400)}/ 60]
37 rads./sec.
Minimum angular velocity of the flywheel
(1/4) x [{21t(1100)}/60] = 29 rads/sec.
Substituting all the above values back into eq.(),
5500 (1/2) 4{(37)- (291
from which I 21 Ibs.-ft.-sec.2

OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF FLYWHEEL'D,

Since polar moment of inertia of the flywheel is

J [(n(D-D.)}/32] |for a hollow disk]

Also, mass moment of inertia of the flywheel i and polar moment of

inertia are related together as,

I eblr
eb[fr(D.- D.)}/32] (2)
Since, P 0.289lbs,/in?. (given)
= 499 Ibs./ft?,3
And, b 0.15D (from Fig. 2)

D 0.75Do
Further, I= 21 lbs.-ft.-sec.
Substituting these in eq.(2) gives,
21 (n/32)(0.15D.)(499)[D,-(0.75D.]
= 4.169 or D, = 1.35 ft.
D.
10. A 26 in. mean diameter cast-iron flywheel is used in a shearing machine. After

performing the shearing operation at 160 rpm, the flywheel comes back to its normal

speed of 190 rpm. The flywheel provides 1200 Ibs.-ft. of energy for shearing a sheet
 metal. Calculate the thickness of the rim if the width of the rim is 10 in. and arms and
hub of the flywheel constitute 12% of the mass of the rim.

Solution: The thickness of the rim

t, (V./A) (1)

Mean circumference
of rim

with unwounded length

Rim

-LD
(a)

Fig (Flywheel for shearing equipment)

Where, V, = Volume of rim

Ar Area of X-section of rim. (Fig.1)

To find V, the weight of the rim W should be known,

Since the arm and the hub have 0.12W, weight,
Total = W, +0.12W, =
weightofthe flywheel 1.12W
Or, 1.12W [{28(6K.E.)}/ (V2-V)] (2)
Where, SK.E.= Loss of kinetic energy of the flywheel used in

shearing operation
= 1200 lbs.-ft. (given)
Vv = Normal working speed
Vs Speed duringshearing operation,
Vw =
[(TDmN)/ (12 x 60)] 0.0044 x 26 x 190
22 ft./sec.

Vs [(tDmN)/ (12x 60)] =0.0044 x 26 x 160

18 ft./sec.

Putting these parametersback into eq.(2)

1.12W, [(2 x 32 x 1200)/ {(22)3-(18)*}]
W, =428.6 lbs.

=0.26 /
Specific
.
weight of cast-iron
=
V, [W,/(0.26)] = [(428.6)/
[Ib. (in.3)]

(0.26)]
=1648.5 in.3

Also from Figure 1

Ar =W xL
Wx (TDm
= 10 x (T x 26)
 = 260rt in.2

Putting the values of V, and A, in eq.(1)

t,
[(1648.5)/(260rt)] =2 in.

11. A cast iron flywheel with a mean diameter of 75 inches changes speed from 550 rpm to
430 while it gives up 24000 ft-lb of energy. What is the coefficient of fluctuation.

Solution:

C=V-Va/Vave
=N-Na /Nave

550-430/(550+430/2)

0.245 answer

12. A 38 in diameterspoked steel flywheel having a 12 in wide x 10 in deep rim rotates at

200 rpm. How long a cut (in inches) can be stamped in one inch thick aluminum plate if
ultimate shearing strength of the aluminum
40,000 Ib/in".During
is stamping,the force
exerted by the stamo varies from a maximum F lb at the point of contact to zero lb
when the stamp emerges from the metal. Neglect the weight of the flywheel and spokes
and use 0.28 Ib/in* density for flywheel material

Solution:

Solving for the mean diameter,

Dm D-t= 48-10 38 in
Solving for the weight of the flywheel

W= Wrim+ WHA but: WHA =0

W= y(Vrim)
=y{7Dmbt) where :y 0.28 Ib/ins

W =4011.19 Ib

Solving for the energy needed by the process:

AKE W/26[V2-V Where: Vi =TDmn1

Assuming that all the energy of the flywheel is released during the process,
we have V2 = 0
-
aKE 922 10 (*
-68493.41 ftlb
Solving for the force,
 E % Ftp
F1643 842 Ib
68493.41 %F(1/12)
Solving for the length of the aluminum plate
= 40 O00
Sus F/A psi

F/Lt 40 000
1 643 842/L(1)= 40 000
L= 41.10 in answer

13. What would be the weight of a flywheel in kg if the weight of the rim is 3 times the sum

ofthe weight of the hub and arms.Given the outside diameterand inside diameterto
be 24 in and 18 in respectively and the rim width is 4.5 in. (assume steel flywheel)

Solution:

W= y(Vim) =y{rD,mbt) where: y=0.284 Ib/in? forsteel

Dm% d) (D+

t % (D-d)

then:

-
0.284 6)1
252.94 Ib= 114.71 kgr

Solving for the weight of the flywheel,

W =Wrim + WHA but: Wrim =3 WHA or WHA =1/3 (Wrim)

W=Wim+ 1/3 (Wnim)
4/3 (114.71)
answer
152.95 kg

14. Find the rim thickness for a cast iron flywheel width of 200 mm, a mean diameterof 1.2

m, a normal operating speed of 300 rpm, a coefficient fluctuation of 0.05and which

capable of hanging 3000 N-m of kinetic energy. Assume that the hub and arms

represent 10% of therim weight and the specific weight of cast iron is 7200 kg/m?.
 Solution:
Solve for the minimum speed:

Cr Ni-Na/Nave
= Ni-N2/(N1- N2 /2)
0.05 300-Na/(300-N2 /2)

N2 =285 rpm
The weigth of the flywheel:
AKE =Wr/ 26 [V2-V]
Where: Vi=rDmn1 V2= rDmn2

3000 W/ 2(9.81) [(T x 1.2 x 285/60)2-(7x

W= 1740.47N =177.42
1.2x 300/60] ]
kgr

Weight of the rim:

W= Wrim + WHA but: WHA =0.10(Wrim

W= Wim + 0.10(Wrim)
W= 1.10(Wim)
177.42 1.10(Wim)

Wrim 161.29 kg

Solving forthe rim thickness,

where: y= 7200 kg/m for cart iron

WimY{V)= ylTD,bt)
161.29 =0.02971m
720fr(1.2)(0.2)(t)]
t= 29.71 mm

15. It found that the shearing machine requires 305 joules ofenergy to sheara specific
is

gauge of sheetmetal. The mean diameterof the flywheel is to be 86.2 cm, the normal
operating speed is 300 rpm and slow down to 280 rpm during shearing process. The rim
width is 40.48cm and the weigth of ast iron is 8,196.6 kg/m3. Find the thicknes of the
rim, assuming that the hub and arm accountfor 10% of the rim weight concentrated on
the mean diameter.

Solution:
 AKE
W/26 [V:2-V?]
Where: Vi= rDmn V= rDmlz
-305 W/2(9.81) [( x
T x0.862 280/60P -(Tx0.862 x 300/60)1

25.81 kg weight of
W theflywheel

Solving for the weight of the rim:

W=Wrm+ WHA where: WHA =0.10Wim

25.81 =1.1o(Wrim) Wim 23.46 kg

Solving for the thickness of the rim,

Wrim Y(Vim) =y(7Dmbt) where: 8196.6 kg/m3

23.468196.6 [7r(0.862)(0.4048)(t)]

t 2.611 mm

16. A flywheel has a mean diameter of 4 ft and is required to handle 2200 ft-lb of kinetic
energy. The flywheel has a width of 8 in. Normal operating speed is 300 rpm and the
coefficient of fluctuation is to be 0.05. find the weight of the rim assuming that the arms
and hub are equivalent is 10% of the specific weight.

Soluttion:

Solving
=
fortheweight of the flywheel: (Note: N, 285 rpm)
AKE = Wi/ 26 [V2-V1

Where: Vi=TDmhi V =rDmn2

-2200 W/2(32.2) [( Tx4x285/60)2- ( n x4x 300/60) ]

W 368.08 Ib

Solving for the weight of the rim,

W= Wrim + WHA Wrim +0.10(Wim) where WHA =0.10(Wrim)

W = 1.10(Wim)
368.08 = 1.10(Wrim)
 Wrim 334.62 Ib answer

17. The mass of a flywheel 175 kg and its radius of gyration is 380 mm.
is Find the torque
required to attain a speed of 500 rpm from the rest in 30 seconds.

Solution:

Solving forthe mass moment of inertia:

In =mk =175(0.380)? = 25.27 kgm2
Solving forthe angular acceleration:
a = W-W./t

27 30

=1.745 red/s2

Solving for the torque:

T Im a 25.27(1.75) = 44.10 N-m answer

18. A cast iron flywheel is rotated at a speed of 1200 rpm and having a mean rim radius of 11

foot. If the weight of the rim is 30 Ibs. What is the centrifugal force?Use factor C=41.

Solution:

V 2TRN
2 m(1)1200
60
125.66 fps
Solving forthe centrifugal force:
Fe WV/gR
F.=30 125.60).
32.2(1
Fe 14712 lb

19.A flywheel rim which weights800 pounds has

mean diameterof 48 inches. The speed
a

is to be maintained between 100 and 120 rpm. Considering that the effect of the arms
and hub accountsfor 12% of the rim weight, determinethe capacity of the flywheel.
Express your answer in ft-lb.

Solution:

Vi= (7)DN
 48(120)
60
12
25.13 tps
V =48|100
V2=260
20.94 fps
AKE 1.12 W[V2-V./2g
1.12 (800)[ (25.13)-(20.94)1/2(32.2)
AKE 2,685.68 ft-lbs

20.The moment of inertia of a flywheel is to be calculated for use in a horizontal pressing

machine.The machine is by
operated diameter, at 300
a belt driven pulley B of 42 in.
rpm and a crankshaft S, requiring a work of 7500 lbs.-ft per cycle is driven by a gear 6,
which in turn is driven by a pinion P with speed reduction ratio of 7 between P and
G.The mechanical efficiency of the crankshaft drive is 78% and the flywheel supplies
energy for (1/3)rd of crankshaft revolution.

otor

Fig. 1

Mechanism forhorizontal
pressing machine.
Z
Solution: The moment of inertia I of the flywheel is found by the equation,
I=
/(Cw*]
[(32.2(4U)} (1)

Where, AU= Change in energy of the flywheel required for

pressing-operation
Mean angular speed
C Coefficient of speed regulation,
0.25 (given).
 Now,
AU Es-Es (2)
Where, Es = Work required per crankshaft revolution

Es= Work done by the belt during operating part ofthe

cycle.

Tofind Es:
Since the speed of pinion P =N, = 300 rpm
Speed reduction ratio =r=7
SpeedofgearG Ng =(N»/7) [(300)/7]
= 42.86 rpm.
Therefore the crankshaft S has the same rpm,

Ns = 42.86 rpm.
Now, the horsepower required by the crankshaft to operate the
press is given by
H.P.
=(TN)/(33,000)] where; T=Torque, lb.-ft.
Ns= rpm.
= [(7500x 42.86) / (33,000)]
9.74 h.p.
Mechanical friction nm 0.78
Actual horsepower required =[(9.74)/ (0.78)]
= 12.5 h.p.
Now, the net tension (force) in the belt 'P" is found by the equation,
H.P.= [(P x V) / (33,000)]
Where, P Force, lb.

V= Speed, ft./min.
The belt speed,
V = [(TDN)/12]
= [(t x 42 x 300)/12]

P =3298.7 ft./min.
33,000 x
33,000x
[(H.P.)/V]

[(12.5)/ (3298.7)]
=125 Ibs.

Now the distance, the belt traverses around the pulley during the

pressing-operation period shaft revolutionis,

ofthe
L [{0.33x 3298.7(ft/min.)}}/ {42.86(rev./min.)
25.4 ft./rev.
Es =PxL
125 x25.4
=3175 Ibs.-ft.

Tofind Es
The actual work by crankshaft during pressing-
required operation is

= 9615.4 Ibs.-ft.
Es [(7500)/ (0.78)]

Putting the values of Es and Es in eq.(2)

 AU 9615.4-3175 =
6440.4 Ibs.-ft.
Now, w =
[(2tN)/60] [(2 nx 300)/ 60]
x N= Flywheel's rpm
31.4 rads./sec.
Therefore from equation (1),

I[(32.2 x 6440.4)/ {0.25 x (31.4P}}

841.3 lbs.-ft2

21. A 2.2 kw, 960 rpm motor powers the cam driven ram of a press through a gearing of 6:1

ratio. The rated capacity of the press is 20 kN and has a stroke of 200 mm. Assuming
that the cam driven ram is
capable of delivering the rated load at a constant velocity
during the last 15% of a constant velocity stroke. Design a suitable flywheel that can
maintain a coefficient of Speed fluctuation of 0.02. Assume that the maximum diameter
of the flywheel is not to exceed 0.6m.

Solution:

Work done by the press=

U 20 x 103 x 0.2 x 0.15

600 Nmn
Energy absorbed= work done= 600 Nm

Mean torque on the shaft:

2.2 x 103
21.88Nm
2 xtX960
60

Energy supplied= work don per cycle

= 2T x 21.88 x 6
825 m
Thus the mechanical efficiency of the system is =
n = 825
= 0.727 =72%
Therefore the fluctuation in energy is
 Ex=Energy absorb -Energy supplied
600 825 x
0.075(21.88x6x7x0.15)
538.125 Nm

E
Gr
538.125

0.0227x60
2.6622 kg m

Assuming; =
To
0.8

T 785000/
0.30
2.66222*9.86 0.24)t
=59.805 t

tt -2002
59.805
=0.0445
or

= 45 mm

+-347)
O
78500
9.81
23024+0.3-24)
o=0.54327 x
=55667 N/m2
0.556 MPa
Or if o, =150 MPa
=
150x10 7961.4uF(0.4125 (0.0376)(0.090) 0.0331
=0.548w
w = 16544 rad/sec2
 Noc
Nos wyleld16544
32
= 164.65

22. A flywheel used for energy storage. Find (a) the rotational kinetic energy stored in the
flywheel, and (b) the energy storage capacity of the flywheel (W-hr/lbm).

40.0x 10' rpm

Mass= 100. Ibm

27.0 inch diameter

Solution:

(a) The rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel is,

KE 29t
The mass moment of inertia of a solid circular cylinder rotating about its center,

I
100tbm) 63.28ft -lbm
Then,

63.28 ft2 -Ibm|

40,000in rev60 s=1.73x107 ft - lbf

Converting

(b)
to

KEr(173x10'ft -Ibf)|1
W-hr,

The energy storage

kerot
2(32.174

capacity of the flywheel

KEm 6498W
100lbm
is
= 6498 W- hr
the energy stored per unit mass,

6.498
W- hr
hm
 23. The punch press shown is driven by a motor which rotates the flywheel in the counter
clockwise direction at 20 revolutions per minute. During the punch operation, the
clutch engages,disconnecting the motor, allowing the flywheel to run the press through
its large inertial properties. The total punch operation takes t1 1.5 seconds.
After the
punch operation, the flywheel rotates through a 1/2 revolution with a constant angular
acceleration and then the motor engagesaccelerating the flywheel at 0.1 rad/s2 until it

reaches its original angular speed of 20 rpm. The angular acceleration of the punch
cycle is shown in the figure provided. Find the total punch cycle time t3.

Flywheel
Crank arm
a (rad/s)

0.1

-0.1

0.2
Punch

Sheet metal
Base

Solution:

Angular speed

For any calculations involving angular speed or acceleration, it is always a good idea to convert
their units to radians per second or radians per second squared,respectively.

20 min 41rad min

rev 60s

Using the information provided regarding the angular acceleration, we can determine the
angular speed at the end of the punch operation.

a
=oto)+ag
For this portion of the cycle, ox=o-1, t - t, =t,and w, =@o
 rad
-02(1.5)+ 1.794

Angular displacement

After the punch operation the flywheel rotates through 0.5 revolutions. We will use this
information plus that fact that it rotates at a constant angular acceleration to determinethe
time and angularspeed at end of this stage.

+
d=j*t-t.) at-t.)+, -t.+
Forthis portion of the cycle, «,=&1-2,
t- to
= t2- ti,and w, =
i-.}+oa-a) -0)15+ 1.794(t -15)
0 t- 38.88t2 + 118.8 2
38.88+ 38.88-4118.8 = 3.35s

W2 o1--t)+a,=-0.1(3.35-15)+1.794 =1.61
Punch cycle time

To determinethe punch cycle time t3, we can again apply the constant acceleration equation.

o =a,t-o)+ o
Forthis

d3 2-3
portion

)
ofthe cycle,

+
=&2-3,t- t,

t38.19s
t2-t3,,

=0.1-3.35)+161
=2and w =wa

24.A flywheel rim which weights800 pounds has a mean diameterof 48 inches. The speed
is tobe maintained between 100 and 120 rpm. Considering that the effect of the arms
and hub accountsfor 12% of the rim weight, determinethe capacity of the flywheel.

Express your answer in ft-lb.

Solution:

Vi = (7}DN

aa120)
12(o0

=25.13 fps
 V =zan)(0
12
60

20.94 fps
AKE =1.12 w[V2-Vi°]/ 2g
1.12 (800) [(25.13)-(20.941/ 2(32.2)

AKE
2,685.68ft-lbs

25. A shearing machine requires 2000 ft-lbs of kinetic energy to operate. The mean
diameterof its flywheel is 36 in. The rated speed is 66 fps at the mean diameter. The
coefficient of fluctuation is 0.20. Compute the weight of the rim is needed if the effects
of the flywheel arms and hub are to be neglected.

Solution:
AE =(W(C}VP/8
W= (AE)(g)/{c{v)
200032.2)
66
0.20
=73.92 lbs answer

26. A cast iron flywheel with a mean diameterof 36 inches changesspeed from 300 rpm to
280while it gives up 8000 ft-lb of energy. What is the coefficient of fluctuation.

Solution:

C= V1-V2/Vave
=Ni-N2/Nave
300-280/ (300+280/2)
=0.069 answer

27. The mass of the flywheel of a shearing machine is 3 tons and its radius of gyration is
0.55 m. At the beginning of its cutting stroke the speed of the flywheel is 110 rev/min. If
12 kl of work is done in shearing a plate in 3 seconds,calculate the rotation speed of the
flywheel at the end cutting stroke in rev/min.

Solution:

AKE W
% [3000(0.55)(11.522-W2)]=12000
W = 10.31 rad/s
98.45 rpm answer
28. A flywheel weigh ing 457 kg has a radius of 375 mm. Compute how much energy, in N-m,
does the flywheel loss from 3 rps to 2.8 rps?

Solution:
Vi = 27r(0.375)(3)
7.069 m/s
V2 =2(0.375)(2.8)
6.597 m/s

AKE % [m(V1-V2)}]

457|(7.069)-(6.597 ]/2
= 1473.91 Nm answer

if manufacturedwith R2 = 0.2m and Ri = 0.15m,

29. A flywheel = 30mm. If it is W
manufacturedfrom aluminum, calculate its inertia. [density for aluminum is 2720 kg

solution Tx
2720x003
I="2720 0.03 x
2 (0.2-0.15
=0.14 kg.m2 answer

30. Repeat example 17, if the flywheel was:

(a) Completelysolid. What do you notice?

(b) Made of carbon-steel.

Solution:

(a) Using the same formula, we can substitute a value of zero for R::

I =TXL402 D(0.24-0*)
2
= 0.205 kg.m2
(b) The density of carbon steel is 7850 kg/m'.Substituting in the formulagives:

.= TX 7850X0.05(0.24-0.154)

0.404 kg.m?

31. Calculate the moment of inertia, mass,for the circular flywheel of which the section.
The material of the flywheel is steel, the density of which is 7800 kg.m?.
 Solution:
We can divide the area into three parts: and l.

2x
l1, l2,

WXT (R2*-R1)
7800x0.05 Xx(0.1754-0.15)
0.264 kg.m

Ih= P x (R24-R)
7800
2 x 0.03 Xx(0.15-0.135)
=0.064 kg.m2

I x (R24-0)
7800 x 0.015 *T x (0.1354-0)
=0.061 kg.m2

The total moment of inertia is

Total 0.264 +0.064 + 0.061

= 0.389 answer
kg.m

32. A cast iron flywheel with a mean diameterof 36 inches changesspeed from 300 rpm to
280while it gives up 8000 ft-lb of energy. What is the coefficient of fluctuation.

Solution:
C V-V2/ Vave

N-N2/
= Nave
300-280/ (300+280/2)
0.0513 answer

33. A mechanical press is used to punch 8 holes per minute is 35 mm diameterand the
has an ultimate strength in shearof 520 Mpa. The normal operating speed 200
plates
rpm. And it slows down to 180 rpm during the process of punching. The flywheel has a
mean diameter of one meter and the rim width is3 times the thickness. Assume that
the hub and arm accountfor 5% of the rim weight concentrated at the mean diameter
and the density of cast iron is 7200 kg per cubic meter. Find the power in KW required
to drive the press.

Solution:
E= % Ftp but:Ss Sus F/A
=520 MpaF/(TDt,)=520 F =520[7Dt,]
Then:
 E- (520))(Dt)
=
%{520)|7)(35)(25)2
= 17867 808 N-mm= 17 867.808 Nm

t=81mu=7.5
min" s/holes
holes

P E/t= 2382W power required answer

34. Find the weight oftheflywheel needed bya machine to punch 30.5 mm holes in 25.87
mm thick steel plate. The machinemake 40 strokes per minute and a hole be
is to

punched every stroke, the hole is to during 30 degrees rotation of the

be formed
puncher crankshaft. A gear train with a ratio of 12 to 1 is to correct the flywheel shaft to
the crankshaft. Let mean diameterof a flywheel rim to the 91.44 cm the minimum
flywheel speed is to be 90% of the maximum and assume mechanical efficiency of the
machinr to be 80%.Assume an ultimate stress of 59000 psi.

Solution:

Solving for the energy needed by the procesS:

E %Ftp
Where: F/A =59000 psi
= 59000101325
F/(TTDt,) 14.7

Fz 406.68(TDt,)

Then: E ={406.68)(7 (DIt.

E-406.68]=)(30.5125.87)
E = 1303.963Nm

Solving for the maximum speed of the flywheel:

Ni =40
roke 1 nole 480rpm
Solving for the minimum speed of the flywheel:

N2 =0.90(N) = 0.90(480) = 432 rpm

Solving for the weight of the flywheel: (basedon energy equation)

AKE =W/2G [V,-V,2]

Where: Vi =TDmh V, =TDmna
 AKE =-1303.963 N-m

Since the flywheel will supply / release this energu, then:

-1303.963= Wr/2(9.81) [( 7x0.9144 x 432/60)2- (T 0.9144 x480 /60)] x

W 254.95 N answer

35.A shearing machine requires 5000ft-lbs of kinetic energy to operate. The mean
diameterof its flywheel is 38 in. The rated speed is 58 fps at the mean diameter. The
coefficient of fluctuation is 0.40. Compute the weight of the rim is needed if the effects

of the flywheel arms and hub are to be neglected.

Solution:

AE =(W(CvP/s
W= (AE)e)/c}V?
soo322)
0.30(5o)
= 171.13 lbs answer

36. It found that the shearing machine requires 305 joules ofenergy to sheara specific
is

gauge of sheetmetal. The mean diameterof the flywheel is to be 86.2 cm, the normal
operating speed is 300 rpm and slow down to 280 rpm during shearing process. The rim
width is cm and the weigth of ast iron is 8,196.6 kg/m?. Find the thicknes of the
40.48
rim, assuming that the hub and arm accountfor 10% of the rim weight concentrated on
the mean diameter.

Solution:

AKE = Wi/ 26 [V,2-V1

Where: V= rDmn1 V, = TDmlz

-305 W/ 2(9.81) [( 7x 0.862 x 280/60-(T x0.862 x 300/60)]

W= 25.81 kg weight of the flywheel

Solving forthe weight of the rim:

 W= Wrim + WHA where: WHA =0.10Wrim
25.81 Wim 23.46 kg
1.10(Wim)

Solving for the thickness of the rim,

where: = 8196.6 kg/m?

Wrim Y(Vrim) =y{rD,mbt)
23.468196.6 [7r(0.862)(0.4048)(t)]

t 2.611 mm answer

37. A sheet metal working company purchasea shearing machine from a surplus dealer
without a flywheel. It is calculated that the machine will use 1380joules of energy to
sheara 1.2 mm thick sheetmetal. The flywheel to be used will have a mean diameter of

11.44 cm with a width of 25.4 cm. The normal operating speed 80 rpm and slows
is

down 60 rpm during the shearing process. Assuming that

to the arms and the hub will
accountfor 12% of the rim weight concentrated at the mean diameterand that the
material density is 0.26 lb/cu. In. Compute for the weight of the flywheel.

Solution:
AKE =W/ 2G [V,2-Vi]
Where:

V tDmn1

V2 = «D»n2

1380 W/ 2(9.81) [( nx 0.1144 x 60/60)2 -( X 0.1144 x 80/60) ]

W=2695N answer

38. A38 in diameterspoked steel flywheel having a 12 in wide x 10 in deep rim rotates at
200 rpm. How long a cut (in inches) can be stamped in one inch thick aluminum plate if

ultimate shearing strength of the aluminum is 20,000 Ib/in?. During stamping,the force
exerted by the stamo varies from a maximum Flb at the point of contact to zero lb

the the weight of the flywheel and spokes

when stamp emerges from the metal. Neglect
and use 0.28 Ib/in^ density for flywheel material.

Solution:

Solving for the mean diameter,

Dm D-t=48-10 38in
Solving for the weight of the flywheel:
 W =Wrim+ WHA but: WHA = 0

W= y(Vim) =y(7Dmbt) where y= o.28 lb/in3

W =4011.19 Ib

Solving for the energy needed by the process:

AKE =W/ 2G [V2-Vi] Where: Vi rDm=

Assuming that all the energy of the flywheel is released during the process,
we have V2 = 0
aKE101
2 32.2
-68493.41
Solving for the force,
1o -(7
ftlb
1
E =% Ftp
Ib
68493.41 % F(1/12)

F1643 842
Solving for the length of the aluminum plate
Ss Sus F/A= 20 000 psi

F/Lt 20000
1 643 842/L(1)= 20000
L 82.192 in answer

39. The flywheel of a machine having weight of 4500 N and radius of gyration of 2 m has

speed from 125 rpm

of to 120 rpm.Assumingg= 10m/s, the
cyclic fluctuation
maximum fluctuation of energy is?

Solution:

Mass of flywheel =weight of flywheel/Acceleration due to gravity = 4500/10kg

Moment of Inertia =mk
1800 kgm2
w 21n/60x 125rad/sec

= 21/60 x 120rad/sec

Emax1/2 1(?)2
12087.2N-m
12100 Nm

40. A circular solid disc of uniform thickness 20 mm, radius 200 mm and mass 20 kg, is used
as a flywheel. If it rotates at 600 rpm, the kinetic energy of the flywheel, in Joules is?
Solution:

For flywheel K.E =1/2lw

w= 2tN/60 = 62.83 rad/s

(for solid circular disk)

=1/2mR? =0.4 kg m2
I
Hence, K.E = 790 Joules.

41. The speed of an engine varies from 210 rad/s to 190 rad/s. During the cycle the change
in kinetic energy is found to be 40
Nm. The inertia of the flywheel in kg/m2 is?

Solution:

Given
w =210 rad/ sec, w2 = 190 rad/ sec, AE= 400 Nm
As the speed of flywheel changesfrom wi to w2, the maximum fluctuation of energy,

AE 1/21 [(w:P
(w»P]l=0.10kgm2

42. For a certain engine having an averagespeed of 1200 rpm, a flywheel approximatedas a
solid disc, is required for keeping the fluctuation of speed within 2% about the average

speed.The fluctuation of kinetic energy per cycle is found to be 2 kJ. What is the least

possible mass of the flywheel if its diameteris not to exceed 1 m?

Solution:

Given N 1200 rpm, AE =2kJ =2000J, D =1m, C, = 0.02

Mean angular speed of engine,
w= 2tN/60 125.66 rad/ sec

Fluctuation of energy of the flywheel is given by,

AE = lwC, =1/2mRwC, disc = mR?/2
Forsolid
I
m=51 kg

43. Table 16-6 lists values of the torque used to plot Fig. 16-28.The nominal speed of the
engine is to be 250 ra s. (a) Integrate the torque-displacement function for one cycle

and find the energy that can be delivered to a load during the cycle. (b) Determine the
mean torque Tm (see Fig. 16-28). (c) The greatest energyfluctuation is approximately
between 6 15°and 6 =150 on the torque diagram; see Fig. 16-28 and note that To =
-Tm. Usinga coefficient of speed fluctuation Cs =0.1, find a suitable value for the
flywheel inertia.
(d) Find w2 and w1.
Solution:

(a) Using n
=48 intervals of Ae =4Tr/48, numerical integration of the data of Table 16-6
yields E = 3368 in Ibf. This energy that can be delivered to the load.
isthe
 lbf in Jeg bf in eg lbf iin
0 -107 75 -85 55 -107

2800 10 206 -125 S70 206

S0 00
2430 240 -323 600 355
2160 55 -310 35 126 -371

1840 242 242 50 362

1590 -126 65 310 45 S12

1210 S25
675 -274

S0 125 206 690 S48

150 532 345 5 525 107 705 -760

184 20

(a) Tm 550 268Ibf in

(b) The on the torque-displacement

largest positive loop diagram occurs between 6
=0
and 6 = 180.We select this loop as yielding the largest speed change.Subtracting
268 lbf in from the values in Table 16-6 for this loop gives, respectively,-268,
2532,1822,2162, 1892, 1572,1322,942,798,535,264,-84, and-268lbf in.
Numerically integratingT-Tm with respect to yields E2 E1 3531 lbf in. We =
now solve Eq. (16-64)for This gives
1.
I-E2- E1 355 0.565Ibf s 2 in
Cs@2 0.1250 )2

(c) Equations (16-62)and (16-63)can be solved simultaneously for w2 and w1.

Substituting appropriate values in these two equations yields

w2 (2+Cs)=(2+0.1)=262.5 rad/s
w1 2w-w2= - =
2(250) 262.5 237.5 rad/s

These two speeds occur at 6 =180 and 6=0°, respectively.

44. What would be the weight of a flywheel in kg if the weight of the rim is 6 times the sum
of the weight of the hub and arms.Given the outside diameterand inside diameterto
be 24 in and 18 in respectively and the rim width is 4.5 in. (assume steel flywheel)

Solution:
 W= y(Vrim) =y{rDmbt) where: y= 0.284
lb/in
for steel

Dm %(D+d)
t % (D-d)
then:

Wrim

0.284 )F)
252.94 lb= 114.71
kg

Solving for the weight of the flywheel,

W= Wrim + WHA but: Wrim =6 WHA or VWHA 1/6 (Wim)

W=Wim+1/6 (Wim)
7/6 (114.71)
= 133.82kg answer

45. Find the rim thickness for a cast iron flywheel width of 200 mm, a mean diameter of 1.2

m, a normal operating speed of 600 rpm, a coeficient fluctuation

of 0.05 and whichis
capable of hanging 6000N-m of kinetic energy. Assume that the hub and arms
represent 10% of therim weight and the specific weight of cast iron is 5200 kg/m>.

Solution
Solve for the minimum speed:

C N-N/Nave
N1-Na/ (N1-N2/2)
0.05 300-N2/ (300-N2 /2)
N2 = 285 rpm
The weigth of the flywheel:
AKE W/ 26 [V,-Vi]

Where: Vi= rDmh1 V2= tDmn2

6000 Wr/

W= -106.96
2(9.81)

kgr
[( 7x 1.2 x 285/60)-(Tx 1.2 x
600/60) ]
 Weight of the rim:

W= Wrim +WHa but:

WA 0.10(Wim)

W= Wrim +0.10(Wim)

Wi 1.10(Wrim)

106.96 1.10(Wrim)

Wim-97.23 kg

Solving forthe rim thickness,

Wrim YV) =y{TDmbt) where: y= 5200 kg/m- for cart iron

97.23=520of7(1.2)/0.2) (t)]= 0.02479m

t 24.79 mm

46. A flywheel has a mean diameterof 8 ft and is required to handle1100 ft-lb of kinetic
energy. The flywheel has a width of 8 in. Normal operating speed is 500 rpm and the

coefficient of fluctuation is to be 0.05. find the weight of the rim assuming that the arms
and hub are equivalent is 10% of the specific weight.

Soluttion:
= 285 rpm)
Solving forthe weight of the flywheel: (Note: N
AKE
Wi/2G [V,-V1
= rD»n2
Where:
Vi tDmn1 V
-1100 W/ 2(32.2) [(
7 x 8x 285/60)-(Tx8x5 O0/60)} 1
W=2.39 lb

Solving forthe weight of the rim,

W = Wim+ WHa =Wrim =

+0.10(Wim) where: WHA 0.10(Wim)

W= 1.10(Wnim)
2.39 1.10(Wam)

Wrim 2.17Ib answer

47. The mass of a flywheel is 115 kg and its radius of gyration is 280 mm. Find the torque

required to attain a speed of 450 rpm from thee rest in 25 seconds.

Solution:

Solving forthe mass moment of inertia:

In =mk =115(0.280)=90.16 kgm2

Solving forthe angular acceleration:
a =Wi-W./t
-20-0
=1.885 red/s2

Solving forthe torque:

T In a=90.16(1.885) = 169.95 N-m answer

48. A cast iron flywheel is rotated at a speed of 2400 rpm and having a mean rim radius of 3
foot. If the weight of the rim is 55 lbs. What is the centrifugal force? Use factor C=41.

Solution:

V 27TRN
2 r(3)
60
753.98 fps
Solving forthe centrifugal force:

FeWV/gR
55 753.98
32.23
Fe 323672 lb

49. A flywheel rim which weights450 pounds has a mean diameterof 14 inches. The speed
is to be maintained between 150 and 170 rpm. Considering that the effect of the arms
and hub accountsfor 12% of the rim weight, determinethe capacity of the flywheel.

Express your answer in ft-lb.

tion:

V = (7)DN,
14)170o
1260
 = 10.38fps
V. =14150
1260
9.163 fps
AKE 1.12
W[V,2-V,]/ 28
1.12 (450)[(10.38)2-(9.163)
]/2(32.2)
AKE 186.134 ft-lbs

50.A shearing machine requires 4000 ft-lbs of kinetic energy to operate. The mean
diameter of its 36 is 56 fps atthe mean diameter.
The rated The
flywheel is in. speed
coefficient of fluctuation is the
0.30. of the rim is needed if the effects
Compute weight
of the flywheel arms and hub are to be neglected.

Solution:
AE =(W»}{C)(VP/8
W= (AE}(E)/c{v)¥
4000
0.3056
= 136.90 Ibs answer

S1.A cast iron flywheel with a mean diameterof 72 inches changes speed from 800 rpm to
680 while it gives up 16000 ft-lb of energy. What the coefficient of fluctuation.
is

Solution:

C =V1-V2/Vave
N-N2/ Nave
= 800 680/ (800+680/2)
= 0.1621 answer

52.The mass of the flywheel of a shearing machine is 3 tons and its radius of gyration is
0.55 m. At the beginning of its cutting stroke the speed of the flywheel is 110 rev/min. If
12 kl of work is done in shearing a plate in 3 seconds, calculate the rotation speed of the
flywheel at the end cutting stroke in rev/min.

Solution:

AKE W
% [3000(0.55*)}(11.522 W)]=12000
W= 10.31 rad/s
98.45 rpm answer
53. A flywheel weighing 642 kg has a radius of 275 mm. Compute how much energy, in N-m,
does the flywheel loss from 5 rps to 4.8 rps?

Solution:
Vi
2r(0.275)(5)
8.64 m/s
V = 27(0.275)(4.8)
8.29 m/s

AKE % [m(V1-V:)]
642[(8.64)2- (8.29)]/2
= 1902.09 Nm answer

54. A flywheel if manufacturedwith R2 =0.45 m and Ri =0.17m, W = 30mm. If it is

manufacturedfrom aluminum, calculate its inertia. [density for aluminum is 3420 kg

m.
Solution:

= 3420X
O00.454-0.17*)
6.47 kg.m2 answer

55. Repeat example 17,if the flywheel was:

(c) Completelysolid. What do you notice?

(d) Made of carbon-steel.

Solution:

(c) Using the same formula, we can substitute a value of zero for Ri:

1=TX 3420 x 0050.454-0)

2
= 6.609 kg.m2
(d) The density of carbon steel is 7850 kg/m?, Substituting in the formulagives:

l=TX 7850Z 00(0.454 0.17))

-30896284 kg.m2

56. Calculate the moment of inertia, mass, for the circular flywheel of which the section.
The material of the flywheel is steel, the density of which is 7800 kg.m.

Solution:
 We can divide the area
intothree parts: l1, l2,
andl

x (Rz°-R1")

7800x0.05XTx
(0.1754-0.15)
=0.264 kg.m2

I = PWx -RI)
7800 x xTx (0.15-0.135")
0.03

0.064 kg.m2

la =Pa x (R2-0)
2
7800x 0.015XT x (0.1354-0)
=0.061 kg.m

The total moment of inertia is

Irotal0.264 +0.064+ 0.061

0.389Kg.m* answer

57. A cast iron flywheel with a mean diameterof 74 inches changesspeed from 600 rpm to
480 while it gives up 24000ft-lb of energy. What the coefficient of fluctuation.
is

Solution:

C=V1-V2/ Vave
=N-N2/Nave
600-480/ (600+480/2)
=0.222 answer

58. A mechanicalpress is used to punch 12 holes per minute is 25 mm diameterand the

plateshas an ultimate strength in shear of 537 Mpa. The normal operating speeed 200
And it slowsdown to 180
rpm. rpm during the process of punching. The flywheel has a
mean diameter of one meter and the rim width is 3 times the thickness. Assume that
the hub and arm accountfor 5% of the rim weight concentrated at the mean diameter

and the density of cast iron is 7200 kg per cubic meter. Find the power in KW required
to drive the press.

Solution:

E %Ftp but: Ss Sus F/A= 537 MpaF/(7Dto) 537 F = =537[7Dtp]

Then:
E
{537)7}(D)(t)?
=%(537)(r](25)25)
 = 13179 962 N-mm 13 179.962 Nm

U
holes
notes
fmin 5 s/holes

P E/t= 52636W power required answer

59. A typical 26-inch bicycle wheel rim has a diameter of 59 mm (22.0") and an outside tire

diameter of about 26.2" (665 mm). For our calculation we approximatethe radius - r- of

the wheel to

r (665 mm) + (559 mm)/2)/2

306 mm

= 0.306 m

The weight of the wheel with the tire is 2.3 kg and the inertial constant is k =1.

The Moment of Inertia for the wheel can be calculated

I=
(1)(2.3 kg) (0.306
m)
0.22 kg m2
The speed of the bicycle is 25 km/h (6.94 m/s). The wheel circular velocity (rps,
- can be calculated as
revolutions/s) nrps

nrps (6.94 m/s)/ (2 n (0.665 m)/2)

3.32revolutions/s
The angular velocity of the wheel can be calculated as

w= (3.32 revolutions/s) (2n rad/revolution)

20.9 rad/s
The kinetic energy of the rotating bicycle wheel can then be calculated to

E= 0.5 (0.22 kg m>) (20.9 rad/s)

47.9J

60. Find the weight of the flywheel needed by a machine to punch 20.5 mm holes in 15.87
mm thick steel plate. The machine is to make 30 strokes per minute and a hole be
 punched every stroke, the hole is to be formed during 30 degrees rotation of the
puncher crankshaft. A gear train with a ratio of 12 to 1 is to correct the flywheel shaft to
the crankshaft. Let mean diameterof a flywheel rim to the 91.44 cm the minimum

speed is to be 90% of the maximum and assume mechanical

flywheel efficiency of the
machinrto be 80%.ASsume an ultimate stress of 49000 psi.

Solution:

Solving for the energy needed by the process:

E % Ftp
Where: F/A = 49000 psi

F/(TDt )=49000 101325 14.7

F 337.75(TDt,)

Then: E=
(337.75)7)(D)to/P

E=%(337.757)( 20.5/15.87)

E 2739.195 Nm

Solving for the maximum speed of the flywheel:

N. =30Strokes1hoe 360rpmm
m Stroke hole

Solving for the minimum speed of the flywheel:

N = 0.90(N,) =0.90(360) = 324 rpm

Solving for the welght of the flywheel: (based on energy equation)

AKE W/ 26
Where: V1
[ V?-V°]
=TDmn V2 =rDnn2
AKE= -2739.195 N-m

Since the flywheel will supply/release this energu, then:

-2739.195 Wi/2(9.81) [(Tx0.9144 x 324/60)2 -(Tx0.9144 x

360/60) ]
W=952.11 N or 97.05kg answer

61. What would be the weight of a flywheel in kg if the weight of the rim is 3 timesthe sum
of the weight of the hub and arms.Given the outside diameterand inside diameterto
be 24 in and 18 in respectively and the rim width is 4.5 in,. (assume steel flywheel)
 Solution:

W=y{Vim)= y(rD,,bt) where: y= 0.284 lb/in3 forsteel

Dm % (D + d)

t% (D-d)

then:

Wim

-0.284t ()*"))
=252.94Ib= 114.71 kg

Solving for the weight of the flywheel,

W= Wrim+ WHA but: Wim=3 WHa or WHA= 1/3 (W,rim)

W=Wrim+1/3 (Wim)

4/3 (114.71)
152.95 k8 answer

62. Find the rim thickness for a cast iron flywheel width of 500 mm, a mean diameter of 4.2
m, a normal operating speed of 300 rpm, a coefficient fluctuation of 0.05 and which is
capable of hanging 3000N-m of kinetic energy. Assume that the hub and arms
represent 10% of therim weight and the specific weight of cast iron is 3800 kg/m.

Solution:
Solve for the minimum speed:
C=Ni-N2/ Nave
Ni-Na /(N1-N2 /2)
0.05 300-Na/
(300-N2/2)
N= 285 rpm
The weigth of the flywheel:
AKE =W/ 26 [V,-V.]

Where: Vi
TDn V =rDmlz
3000 Wi/2(9.81) [(
T x1.2 x 285/60)- (Tx 1.2x 300/60)1
 W= 1740.47N= 177.42kgr
Weight of the rim:

W= Wrim +WHA but:WHA =0.10(Wim)

W=Wim +0.10(Wim)

W= 1.10(Wim)

177.42 1.10(Wim)

Wrim
161.29 kg

Solving for the rim thickness,

where: 3800 kg/m3 for cart iron

Wimy(V)= y(rD»mbt) y

161.29 =
7200|7|4.2)(0.5)(0)] 0.006434m
t= 6.434mm

63. It is found that the shearing machine requires 205 joules ofenergy to shear a specific
gauge of sheetmetal. The mean diameterof the flywheel is to be 76.2 cm, the normal
operating speed is 200 rpm and slow down to 180 rpm during shearing process. The rim
width is 30.48 cm and the weigth of ast iron is 7,196.6 kg/m>. Find the thicknes of the

rim, assuming that the hub and arm accountfor 10% of the rim weight concentrated on
the mean diameter.

Solution

AKE=W/ 26 [V,2-V]
Where: V, TDnns V=rDmh
-205= W/ 2(9.81) [( T x 0.762x 180/60)2- ( T x0.762 x 180/60P]

33.89 weightofthe
W kg flywheel

Solving for the weight of the rim:

W = Wim +WHA where: WHA =0.10Wrm

33.891.10(Wrim) Wrim30.81 kg
 Solving for the thickness of the rim,

Whmy(Vim) where: 7196.6 kg/m3

=y(rDmbt)

30.817196.6 [7(0.762)(0.3048)(t)]

t 5.867 mm answer

64. A flywheel has a mean diameter of 4 ft and is required to handle 2200 ft-lb of kinetic

energy. The flywheel has a width of 8 in. Normal operating speed is 300 rpm and the
coefficient of fluctuation is to be 0.05. find the weight of the rim assuming that the arms

and hub are equivalent is 10% of the specific weight.

Soluttion:

Solving for the weight of the flywheel: (Note: Na =285 rpm)

AKE = W/ 26 [V2-V]
Where: V1 =rDmla V2 =tDmn2
-2200 W/2(32.2) I( 7x4x 285/60)- (Tx4x 300/60)]
W= 368.08 Ib

Solving for the weight of the rim,

W = Wrim 4+WnA = Wrim +0.10(Wim) where: WHa =0.10(Wrim)

W 1.10(Wrim)

368.08 1.10(Wim)

Wim 334.62 Ib answer

65. It is found that the shearing machine requires 205 joules ofenergy to sheara specific
gauge of sheetmetal. The mean diameter of the flywheel is to be 76.2 cm, the normal
operating speed is 200 rpm and slow down to 180 rpm during shearing process. The rim
width is 30.48 cm and the weigth of ast iron is 7,196.6 kg/m?. Find the thicknes of the

rim, assuming that the hub and arm accountfor 10% of the rim weight concentrated on
the mean diameter.

Solution:

AKE =W/26 [V2-V]

 Where: Vi= V2 = TDmn2
T Dmn1
-205 W/2(9.81) [( 7x 0.762 x 180/60)2-(T x 0.762 x 180/60]
W=33.89 kg weightof the flywheel

Solving for the weight of the rim:

W =Wrim+ WHA where: WHA = 0.10 Wim

Wrim = 30.81 kg
33.89 1.1o(Wim)

Solving for the thickness of the rim,

Wmy(Vm)= where: 7196.6 kg/m3

y{T Dmbt)

30.81 7196.6 |T((0.762)(0.3048)()]|

t 5.867 mm answer

66. A sheetmetal working company purchase a shearing machine from a surplus dealer
without a flywheel. It is calculated that the machine will use 2380joules of energy to
sheara 1.2 mm thick sheet metal. The flywheel to be used will have a mean diameterof
91.44 cm with a width25.4cm. The normal operating speed is 180 rpm and slows
of

down to 160 rpm during the shearing process. Assuming that the arms and the hub will
accountfor 12% of the rim weight concentrated at the mean diameterand that the
material density is 0.26 lb/cu. In. Compute for the weight of the flywheel.

Solution:

AKE =W/26 [V2-V.]

Where:

V, tDmni

V =tDmn2
2380 W/ 2(9.81) I( 7x 0.9144 x 160/60)2 (
- nx 0.9144 x 160/60)1

W 2996 N= 305 kgr answer

67. A 38 in diameter spoked steel flywheel having a 12 in wide x 10 in deep rim rotates at

200 rpm. How long a cut (in inches) can be stamped in one inch thick aluminum plate if
 ultimate shearing strength of the aluminum68,000 Ib/in?. During stamping,the force
is

exerted by the stamo varies from a maximum F lb at the point of contact to zero lb
when the stamp emerges from the metal. Neglect the weight of the flywheel and spokes
and use 0.28 lb/in* density for flywheel material.

Solution:
mean diameter,
Solving for the
Dm D-t= 48- 10 38 in
Solving for the weight of the flywheel:

W = Wrim+ WHA :
but WHA =0

W y(Vrim) y(TDmbt) where: y= 0.28 lb/in

W =4011.19 Ib

Solving for the energy needed by the process

AKE =W/26 [V2-Vi'] Where: V1= TDmhi

Assuming that all the energy of the flywheel is released during the process,
we have V, =0
aKE=1 1o -(7*
68493.41 ftlb

Solving for the force,

E =% Ftp 58493.41 % F(1/12)
F1 643842 lb
Solving for the length of the aluminum plate
Ss = Sus F/A = 68000 psi
= 68 000
F/Lt
1643 842/(1) = 68000
L 24.17in answer
68. A flywheel weighing 639 kg has a radius of 375 mm. Compute how much energy, in N-m,
does the flywheel loss from 3 rps to 2.8 rps?

Solution:
V = 27(0.375)(3)
7.069 m/s
V2 = 2r(0.375)(2.8)
6.597 m/s

AKE %[m(V1 -V»)]

639[(7.069)- (6.597) ]/2
2060.89 Nm answer
69.A flywheel if manufactured
with R2 = 0.135m and
R 0.148m, W 30mm. If it is

manufacturedfrom aluminum, calculate its inertia. [density for aluminum is 3420 kg

m).

Solution:
Tx 3420 x0.05(0.135-0.148)
-0.0238 kg.m2 answer

70. Repeatexample 17, if the flywheel was:

(a)Completely solid. What do you notice?

(b)Made of carbon-steel.

Solution:

(a)Using the same formula, we can substitute a value of zero for

RI

2
Tx 3420X005(0.1354-0)
=0.535 kg.m2
(b)Thedensity of carbon steel is 7850 kg/m*.Substituting in the formulagives:

Tx 7850 x 0.05 (0.1354-0.148)

=-0.0546kg.m2

71. Calculate the moment of inertia, mass,for the circular flywheel of which the section.
The material of the flywheel is steel, the density of which is 3500 kg.m.

Solution:
We can divide

x
the area into three parts: I1, h, and ls.

h 2 (R,4-R,")

7800 x0.05x x
2 X(0.175
0.119 kg.m2
(0.1754-0.15°)
 l, = PWx (R24-R1)
3500 x0.03 X x
(0.15-0.135")
=0.0479 kg.m2

l= x
3500x 0.015 xT-x
(Rz-0)
(0.135-0)
=0.0913kg.m
The total moment of inertia is

ITotal 0.119 +0.0479 +0.0913

= 0.2582 kg.m2 answer

72. Flywheel turns 450 rev/min(RPM). Determine the magnitude of the normal acceleration
of the flywheel point which areat a distance of 10 cm from the rotation axis.

Solution:

10
100
(2 50
=222.07 "/s2

73.The torque (in N-m) exerted on the crankshaft of a two stroke engine can be described
as T 10000+ 1000 sin 20-1200 cos 28, where is the crank angle as measured from
inner dead center position. Assuming the resisting torque to be constant, the power

(in kw) developed by the engine at 100 rpm is?

Solution:

T-10,000+1000sin6-1200cos20T=10,000+1000sin6-1200cos28

its a function of 2020 so 2020=360, 08-180

T-ofn10,000+1000sin6-1200cos28T-o/r10,000+1000sin@-1200cos26

-[10,0008-1000cos8-12002sin26]no[10,0000-1000cos6-12002sin26]70

=10,0007+1000-0)-(0-1000-0)}(10,000T+1000-0)-(0-1000-0)
=10,000tN-m10,000TN-m

Now, T=TmeanxrtTmeanxrt

so, Tmean=10,000N mTmean=10,00ON m

w=2tN/60=2tx100/60-10.4719rad/sec.w=2nN/60=27tx100/60=10.4719rad/sec.
 P=TmeanxwP=Tmeanxw

= 104.719 KW

74. A flywheel is a rotating mechanicaldevice used to store mechanical energy. When

attached to a combined electric motor-generator, flywheels are a practical way to store
excess electrical energy. Solar farms only generateelectricity when it's sunny and wind
turbines onlygenerateelectricity when it's windy.Combining energy sources like solar
and wind with flywheel energystoragedevices like a flywheel is one way to createa
renewable energy system that is load balanced.

taraeerstee

shape solid cylinder

material 4340 steel

density 7,850kg/m

diameter 100 cm

height 60cm

max. ener8Y 32kWh

max. power 8 kW

dc voltage 800V

a. What is the mass of the fiywheel?

b. What is the top angular speed of the flywheel?

C. For how long could a fully charged flywheel deliver maximum power before it needed
recharging?
d. What is the averageangular acceleration of the flywheel when it is
being discharged?

Solution:

a.
m=p(ur2h)
m-(7,850 kg/m3)n{0.50m)2(0.60 m)
m 3,700kg

= VM
2
b. w

32,00w 3,600s
.50m 3,700kg

w =706raa =112 rpm

C. At
W
At =32kWh
8W
At 4h
d.
cAt
706-raa
S
4x3,600s
ox= rad
0.0492

75. A flywheel has a mean diameter of 4 ft and is required to handle 2200ft-lb of kinetic

energy. The flywheel has a width of 8 in. Normal operating speed is 300 rpm and the
coefficient of fluctuation is to be 0.05. find the weight of the rim assumingthat the arms

and hub are equivalent is 10% of the specific weight.

Soluttion:

Solvingfortheweight of the flywheel: (Note:N

=285 rpm)
AKE = Wi/ 26 [V2-V.]

Where: Vi= rDmh V,=«Dm2

-2200 W/ 2(32.2) I( 7x4x 285/60)-(Tx4x 300/60)]

W 368.08 lb
 Solving for the weight of the rim,

Wi =Wrim+ WHA Wim+0.10(Wim) where :

WHA =0.10(Wim)

W= 1.10(Wrim)

368.08 1.10(Wnim)

Wrim 334.62 Ib answer

76. Flywheel turns 600 rev/min (RPM).Determinethe magnitude of the normal acceleration
of the flywheel point which are at a distance of 17cm from the rotation axis.

Solution:

g 671.13 "/,2
100 2760

77. A disk (flywheel) can rotate with maximum angular speed of 6000 revolutions per
minute which can provide kinetic energythat allow a truck to move. When there is an
averagepower needed that allow the truck to operate, the truck will be in motion for
limited time as the energy eventually will be reduced with time and that will reduce the

power (rate of energy consumed per unit time).

Solution:
 Start with the given power value and the powerequation:

Power Energya0 HP)(5.07701 wde=7456.9987 Watt =7457 Watt

Time 1 HP

50

Time Bnergy
Power (1)

The energy is the kinetic energy that the flywheel can provide for the truck and we can find it using the
following equation:

(2)
ERotationallw
When we know w=6000 revolutions/ minute or:
rad
etoUS1minute 2n radians
=6000 60 seconds)1revolution
2007T
minute
And the moment of inertia, 1, is:

I-MR-5(s08 kg") =205.74Kg.m

Substitute values of w and in equation (2):
I
KERotationat-5(205.74)(200m)* =40611448.19/

Use the energy calculated abovein equation

(1)

Time=
40611448.19
W
=5446.08seconds =90.77 minutes
7457

78. The mass of the flywheel of a shearing machine is 3.5 tons and its radius of gyration is
0.60 m. At the beginning of its cutting stroke the speed of the flywheel is 110 rev/min. If

12.5 kl of work is done in shearing a plate in 3 seconds, calculate the rotation speed of
the flywheel atthe end cutting stroke in rev/min.

Solution:

AKE = W

[3500(0.60*)(11.522-W )]=12500
W2 =11.52 rad/s

105.55 rpm
79. The mass of a flywheel 175 kg and its radius of gyration is 380 mm. Find the tourqe
is

required to attain a speed of 500 rpm from rest in 30 seconds.

Solution:

Solving for the mass moment of inertia:

m =mk2=175(0.380)2
= 25.27 kgm2

Solving for the angularacceleration:

500
W-Wo-27X0 1.745rad/s2
a=-

Solving for the tourqe:

T Im a= 25.27(1.75) = 44.10 N-m

80. A cast iron flywheel is rotated at a speed of 1200 rpm and having a mean rim radius of 1
foot. If the weight of the rim is 30 lbs. What is the centrifugal force?

Solution:

V 2n (1)(1200/60)

125.66 fps
Solving for the centrifugal force:

-(30125.00
Fc 32.2(
=14712 Ib
81. The mean coil diameter of a helical-coil spring is 1 inch and a wire diameterof 1/8 inch.
Compute the curve correction factor of the spring.

Solution:

F - Kw
Ks

Where, K
C-C 0.615

here:
C=n8
1.184

2C+1
K 2C
1.0625

K= 1.184-= 1.1144
1.0625

82. A flywheel rim which weighs 800 pounds has a mean diameterof 48 inches. The speed
is to be maintained between 100 and 120 rpm. Considering that the effect of the arms
and hub accounts for 12% of the rim weight, determinethe capacity of the
flywheel
Express your answer in ft-lb.

Solution:

(
V = (r7)DN =12 4860
120-25.1 fps

V, = 00)=20.94 fps

AKE 1 -(E
 1.12800 25.13)-(2094)2
232.2)

AKE =2,685.68 ft-lbs

83. A cast iron flywheel with a mean diameter of 36 inches changesspeed from 300 rpm to
280 while it gives up 8000 ft-lb of energy. What is the coefficient of fluctuation.

Solution:

C
Cf _
Vave
N-N2_
Nave

300-2880
300+280/2

C 0.069

84. A 38 diameterspoked steel flywheel having a 12 wide x 10 in deep rim rotates at 200
rpm. How long a cut (in inches) can be stamped in one inch thick aluminium plate if

ultimate shearing strength

of the
aluminium is 40,000 Ib/in-. During stamping,the
force exerted by the stamp varies from a maximum F Ib at the point of contact to zero lb
when the stamp emerges from the metal. Neglect the weight of the flywheel and spokes
and use 0.28 lb/in* denstity for flywheel material.

Solution:

Solving for the mean diameter,

Dn D-t =48-10 38 in

Solving for the weight of the flywheel:

W =Wrim + WHa but: Waa =0

W =y =y (nD, where:
[Vriml bt} y= 0.28 lb/in3
W 0.28 n(38)(12)(10)]
= 4011.19 Ib

Solving for the energy needed by the process:

+where: V =nDm
AKE-V:?- Vi?]

Assuming that all the energy of flywheel is released during the process, we have V^ = 0

t 4011
2(322] 0-(T 6 -68493.41 ftlb

Solving for the force,

E-t68493.41-F
F= 1643842Ib

85. What would be the weight of a flywheel in kg if the weight of the rim is 3 timesthe sum
of the weight of the hub and arms.Given the outside diameter and inside diameterto
be 24 in and 18 in respectively and the rim width 4.6 in. (assume steel flywheel).

Solution:

Solving for the weight of the rim,

Wnim y (V)
=y(TD,mbt) where: y= 0.284 forsteel
Dm(D+ d)

T
(D-d)
Then:

WmV [nD =0.28/T (4.5)

Wm 252.94 = 114.71
lb kg
Solving for the weight of the flywheel,

W=Wim+WHA where:Wim =3(Wa) or WA=(Wim)

W=Wm+ (Wim)=(114.71) =152.95kg

86. Find the rim thickness for a cast iron flywheel with a width of 200 mm, a mean diameter
of 1.2 m, a normal operating speed of 300 rpm, a coefficient fluctuation of 0.05 and
 which is capable of hanging 3000N-m of kinetic energy. Assume that the hub and arms

represent 10% of the rim weight and the specific weight of cast iron is 7200 kg/m3

Solution:

for
Solving the minimum speed:
C 2- N-N22
Nave

-300-N2
0.0500+N
300+
N2

Na 285rpm

The weight of the flywhee:

AKE [V;-V] -where: Vi

tDmN and V, =rDnNa

(7x1.2 x-(Tx1.2 x
3000
W 1740.47N = 177.42kgr

The weight of the rim:

W Wrim + WHA-but: WHA = 0.10(Wim)

W Wrim +0.10 (Wim)

W 1.10(Wrim)

177.42 1.10(Wim)

Wrim 161.29kg,

Wm=y (V)=y (TDmbt)-~where:y= 7200 kg/m> for cart iron

161.29 7200 [T(1.2)(0.2)()] = 0.02971m
t 29.71mm

87. A flywheel rim which weights 900 pounds has a mean diameterof 48 inches. The speed
is be maintained between 100 and 120 rpm. Considering that the effect of the arms
to
and hub accountsfor 12% of the rim weight, determine the capacity of the flywheel.
Express your answer in ft-lb.

Solution:

V =(r)DN
 18120
60 12
=25.13 fps

Valno)
12 60

= 20.94fps

AKE 1.12W[V-V1]/28
1.12 (900)[(25.13)2-(20.94) 1/2(32.2)
AKE 3,021.40 ft-lbs

88. A cast iron flywheel is rotated at a speed of 3000 rpm and having a mean rim radius of

3.5 foot. If the weight of the rim is 60 lbs. What is the centrifugal force?Use factor C=41.

Solution:

V 2 TRN
2 7(3.5)00
60
549.78 fps

Solving for the centrifugal force:

FWV/gR

32:235)

Fe 85670.74 Ib

89. A cast iron flywheel with a mean diameterof 36 inches changes speed from 300 rpm to
260while it gives up 8000 ft-lb of energy. What is the coefficient of fluctuation.

Solution:

C=V1-Va/Vave
 =Ni-N2 / Nave

300 280/ (300+260/2)

0.071

90. The mass of the flywheel of a shearing machine is 3 tons and its radius of gyration is

0.55 m. At the beginning of its cutting stroke the speed of the flywheel is 110 rev/min. If

12 k of work is done in
shearing a plate in 3 seconds,calculate the rotation speed of the
flywheel atthe end cutting stroke in rev/min.

Solution:

AKE = W
=
[3000(0.55 )}(11.522-W,)] 12000

W2 10.31 rad/s

98.45 rpm

91. A flywheel weighingg 457 kg has a radius of 375 mm. Compute how much energy, in N-
m, does the flywheel loss from 3 rps to 2.8 rps?

Solution:

Vi= 2t(0.375)(3)
=7.069 m/s
V2 = 2t{0.375)(2.8)
6.597 m/s

AKE =% [m(V1-V)]
457[(7.069)-(6.597)F]/2

1473.91 Nm

92. Calculate the moment of inertia, mass, for the circular flywheel of which the section.
The material of the flywheel is steel, the density of which is 7800 kg.m.

Solution:

We can divide the area into three parts: I1, 2,and ls.
 I = x
-7800x 0.05 X
(R2-R4
x
(0.1754-0.15)
= 0.264 kg.m2

l =P x(R-R:)
7800 x 0.03 *Tx(0.15-0.1355)
0.064 kg.m2

I= 2xXx
7800x0.015
(R2-0)

(0.1354-0)
= 0.061 kg.m

The total moment of inertia is

ITotal 0.264 +0.064+ 0.061

= 0.389kg.m

93. A mechanical press is used to punch 8 holes per minute is 35 mm

diameterand the
plates has an ultimate strength in shear of S20 Mpa. The normal operating speed 200
rpm. And it slowsdown to 180 rpm during the process of punching. The flywheel has a
mean diameterof one meter and the rim width is 3 times the thickness. Assume that
the hub and arm accountfor 5% of the rim weight concentrated at the mean diameter
and the density of cast iron is 7200 kg per cubic meter. Find the power in KW required
to drive the press.

Solution:

E = % Ftp but:Ss = Sus F/A = 520 MpaF/(TDtp) 520 F = =520[7Dtp]

Then:

E-a4520(Dyt

(s20(a5|25

17867808 N-mm= 17 867.808 Nm

t 1mino = 7.5 s/holes

8holes' min
 P E/t = 7.5
=2382 W power required

94. Find the weight of the flywheel needed by a machine to punch 30.5 mm holes in 25.87
mm thick steel plate. The machine is to make 40 strokes per minute and a hole be

punched every stroke, the hole is to be formed during 30 degrees rotation of the
punchercrankshaft. A geartrain with a ratio of 12 to 1 is to correct the flywheel shaft to
the crankshaft. Let mean diameterof a flywheel rim to the 91.44 cm the minimum

speed is to be 90% of the maximum and assume mechanical

flywheel efficiency of the
machinrto be 80%.Assume an ultimate stress of 59000 psi.

Solution:

Solving forthe energy needed by the process:

E % Ftp

Where: F/A = 59000 psi

F/(7Dt,)
=
59000 14.7

F 406.68(rDt,)

Then: E =
(406.68 (7)(D)

E-406.6)(r 30.5)(25.87)

E - 1303.963 Nm

Solving for the maximum speed of the flywheel:

Ni 40 RES-Oe300lrev
min stroke 30 L hole480rpm
Solving for the minimum speed of the flywheel:

N =0.90(N) = 0.90(480) =432 rpm

Solving for the weight of the flywheel: (basedon energy equation)

AKE =W/ 26 [V2-V?]

Where: Vi =rD»h1 V, = rDmhz

AKE -1303.963 N-m

Since the flywheel will supply/release this energu, then:

-1303.963= Wr/2(9.81) [(7x0.9144 x432/60)2-(Tx0.9144 x 480 /60)]

 W= 254.95 N

95. It found that the shearing machine requires 305joules

is to sheara specific
ofenergy

gauge of sheetmetal. The mean diameter of the flywheel be 86.2 cm, the normal
is to

operating speed is 300 rpm and slow down to 280 rpm during shearing process. The rim
width is 40.48 cm and the weigth of ast iron is 8,196.6 kg/m?. Find the thicknes of the

rim, assuming that the hub and arm accountfor 10% of the rim weight concentrated on
the mean diameter.

Solution:

AKE =W:/ 2G [V-Vi1

Where: V =nD,»n1 V, =7Dmh2
-305 W/
W= 25.81
2(9.81)

kg
( Tx 0.862x 280/60)
weight of the flywheel
-(Tx0.862 x 300/60) ]
Solving for the weight of the rim:

W Wrim+ WHa where: WHA =0.10Wrim

25.81 1.1o(Wim) Wm 23.46kg

Solving for the thickness of the rim,

Wrm y(Vim)= where: 8196.6 kg/m3

y{rD..bt)
23.468196.6
[r(0.862)
/0.4048)(0)]

t 2.611 mm

96. A 38 in havinga 12 in wide x 10 in deep rim rotates at

steel flywheel
diameterspoked
200 rpm.How long a cut (in inches) can be stamped in one inch thick aluminum plate if
ultimate shearing strength of the aluminum is 20,000 Ib/in?. During stamping,the force

exerted by the stamo varies from a maximum F lb at the point of contact to zero lb
when the stamp emerges from the metal. Neglect the weight of the flywheel and spokes
and use 0.28 b/inš density for flywheel material.

Solution:

Solving for the mean diameter,

Dm D-t =48-10=38 in
 Solving for the weight of the flywheel:

W = Wrim +WHA but: WHA = 0

W= y{Vrim)
= ylTDmbt) where:y= 0.28 Ib/in*

Wi=4011.19 lb

Solving for the energy needed by the process:

AKE = Wi/26 [V2-V] Where: = TDnna

V
Assuming that all the energy of the flywheel is released during the process,
we have V2 =
AKE =
2 32.2)
O- (Txx
-68493.41 ftlb

Solving forthe force,

E =% 68493.41= % F(1/12)
Ftp
F1643 842 lb
Solving for the length of the aluminum plate
Ss = Sus /A =20 000 psi

F/Lt=20 000
1643 842/L(1) =20000
L=82.192in

97. What would be the weight of a flywheel in kg if the weight of the rim is 6 times the sum
of the weight of the hub and arms.Given the outside diameterand inside diameter to

be 24 in and 18 in respectively and the rim width is 4.5 in. (assume steel flywheel)

Solution:

W= y(Vim) = y{TD,mbt) where :y= 0.284 lb/in? for steel

Dm % (D+d)

t % (D-d)
then:

Wv ))
0.284i X)*)
 252.94 Ib = 114.71 kg;

Solving for the weight of the flywheel,

W= Wrim +WHa but: Wim =6 WHa orWHA =1/6 (Wrim)

W= Wim +1/6 (Wim)

7/6 (114.71)
= 133.82 Kgf

98. A flywheel has a mean diameterof 8ft and is required to handle 1100 ft-lb of kinetic

energy. The flywheel has a width of 8 in. Normal operating speed is 500 rpm and the
coefficient of fluctuation is to be 0.05. find the weight of the rim assuming that the arms
and hub are equivalent is 10% of the specific weight.

Soluttion:

Solving for the weightofthe flywheel: (Note N2 285 rpm)

AKE = W/2G [V-Vi]
Where: Vi = TD»n1 V, =TDml2
1100= W:/ 2(32.2) [( T X8x 285/60-( Tx8x5 00/60)P]

W 2.39Ib

Solving for the weight of the rim,

W= Wrim+ WHA = Wrim +0.10(Wrim) where: WHA=0.10(Wrim)

W= 1.10(Wim)
2.39 1.1o(Wim)

Wrim = 2.17 Ib

99. A cast iron flywheel is rotated at a speed of 2400 rpm and having a mean rim radius of 3
foot. If the weight of the rim is 55 lbs. What is the centrifugal force? Use factor C=41.

Solution:

V 2 TRN
 2 7t(30
1200

753.98 fps

Solving for the centrifugal force:

Fe WV/gR

Fe=55753.98J
32.2(3

F. 323672 Ib
100. A cast iron flywheel with a mean diameter of 36 inches changes speed from 320
pm to 300 while gives up 8000 ft-lb of energy. What is the coefficient of fluctuation.
it

Solution:

fV ave Nave

320-300
Cf
T320+300/2

C 0.043