MELECT 2

Strength of Materials, Shafting, Keys & Coupling,

Belts, Chains & Sprockets, Bolts & Screws
Mechanical Engineering Department
De La Salle University - Manila
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

1. What is the maximum load that can be

on the column, if the cross sectional area
is 144 ft2 and the compressive stress
cannot exceed 200 psf.

A. 20 kips C. 28.8 kips

B. 22 kips D. 32.5 kips
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

𝑆𝐶 = 𝐹ൗ𝐴 𝐹 = 𝐴𝑆𝐶
2 𝑙𝑏𝑓
𝐹 = 144 𝑓𝑡 200 ൘𝑓𝑡 2
𝑆𝐶 = 200 𝑝𝑠𝑓
2 𝐹 = 28 800 𝑙𝑏𝑓
𝐴 = 144 𝑓𝑡
1 𝑘𝑖𝑝 = 1000 lbf
1 𝑘𝑖𝑝
𝐹 = 28 800 𝑙𝑏𝑓 ൗ1000𝑙𝑏𝑓
𝐹 = 28.8 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

1. What is the maximum load that can be

on the column, if the cross sectional area
is 144 ft2 and the compressive stress
cannot exceed 200 psf.

A. 20 kips C. 28.8 kips

B. 22 kips D. 32.5 kips
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

2. A steel tie rod on bridge must be

made to withstand a pull of 5000 lbs.
Find the diameter of the rod assuming a
factor of safety of 5 and the ultimate
stress of 64 000 psi?

A. 0.876 in. C. 0.705 in.

B. 0.465 in. D. 0.971 in.
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

𝑠𝑈𝐿𝑇 𝑠𝑈𝐿𝑇 𝐹
𝑠𝑑 = =𝜋
𝐹𝑜𝑆 𝐹𝑜𝑆 ൗ4 𝑑2
𝐹
𝑠𝑡 = 𝜋
ൗ4 𝑑2 64000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 5000 𝑙𝑏𝑠
𝑠𝑑 = 𝑠𝑡 =𝜋
5 ൗ4 𝑑2

d = 0.705 in
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

2. A steel tie rod on bridge must be

made to withstand a pull of 5000 lbs.
Find the diameter of the rod assuming a
factor of safety of 5 and the ultimate
stress of 64 000 psi?

A. 0.876 in. C. 0.705 in.

B. 0.465 in. D. 0.971 in.
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

3. Compute the shear modulus of

elasticity in shear for steel of modulus of
elasticity 30x106 psi and Poisson’s ratio
of 0.28.

A. 11.7x106 psi C. 10x106 psi

B. 12.5x106 psi D. 15.5x106 psi
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

𝐸 = 2𝐺(1 + 𝑣)

𝐸 = 30𝑥106 psia
𝑣 = 0.28
30𝑥106 psia = 2G(1 + 0.28)

𝐺 = 11.7𝑥106 psia
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

3. Compute the shear modulus of

elasticity in shear for steel of modulus of
elasticity 30x106 psi and Poisson’s ratio
of 0.28.

A. 11.7x106 psi C. 10x106 psi

B. 12.5x106 psi D. 15.5x106 psi
SHAFTINGS
SHAFTINGS
● Torsional Shearing Stress
𝑇𝑐
𝜏=
𝐽
𝜏: Torsional Shearing Stress (MPa, psi)
Solid Shaft Hollow Shaft 𝑇: Twisting moment (N-mm, lbf-in)
𝑐: Outermost distance from the center
𝑐 𝑑 𝑑𝑜 (mm,in)
𝑐= 𝑐=
2 2 𝐽: Polar moment of Inertia (mm4 ,in4)
𝑑: Solid Shaft diameter (mm,in)
𝐽 𝜋𝑑 4 𝜋 𝑑𝑜4 − 𝑑𝑖4 𝑑𝑜 : Outer Hollow Shaft diameter (mm,in)
𝐽= 𝐽=
32 32 𝑑𝑖 : Inner Hollow Shaft diameter (mm,in)

𝜏 16𝑇 16𝑇𝑑𝑜
𝜏= 𝜏=
𝜋 𝑑3 𝜋 𝑑𝑜4 − 𝑑𝑖4
 SHAFTINGS
● Angle of Twist
𝜃 : Angle of Twist (radians)
𝑇𝐿 𝑇: Torque (N-mm, lbf-in)
𝜃= 𝐿: Length of shaft (mm,in)
( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)

𝐽𝐺 𝐽: Polar moment of Inertia (mm4 ,in4)

𝐺: Modulus of Rigidity (MPa, psi)

● Power Transmitted 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟: (kW, HP)

𝑇: Torque (N-mm, lbf-in)
𝑇𝑁 𝑁: speed (rpm)
English  63025
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = factor:
SI  9549000
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
SHAFTINGS
● PSME (Shafting Derived Formula)
𝑁𝑑3
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
𝑘

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟: (HP) 𝑘: factor

𝑁: speed (rpm) For Main Power Transmission Shaft
𝑑: Shaft diameter (in) (MPTS): 𝑘 = 80
For Line Shaft: 𝑘 = 53.5
For Short Staff: 𝑘 = 38
SHAFTINGS

4. Determine the torque that can be

applied to a 1-in diameter circular shaft if
the shearing stress is not to exceed 8000
psi.

A. 1570 in-lb C. 2750 in-lb

B. 1750 in-lb D. 3560 in-lb
SHAFTINGS

Solid Shaft

16𝑇 𝑙𝑏 16𝑇(𝑙𝑏 − 𝑖𝑛)

𝜏= 8000 ൗ 2 =
𝜋 𝑑3 𝑖𝑛 𝜋 13 𝑖𝑛3

𝜏 = 8000 psi 𝑇 = 1570 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑖𝑛

𝑑 = 1 𝑖𝑛
SHAFTINGS

4. Determine the torque that can be

applied to a 1-in diameter circular shaft if
the shearing stress is not to exceed 8000
psi.

A. 1570 in-lb C. 2750 in-lb

B. 1750 in-lb D. 3560 in-lb
SHAFTINGS

5. What would be the diameter in

millimeters of a main power transmitting
steel shaft SAE 1040 to transmit 150 kW
at 900 rpm if the torsional shearing is
4000 psi?

A. 2.3 C. 66.4
B. 2.6 D. 76.5
SHAFTINGS

Main Power Transmitting Shaft (MPTS)

𝑇𝑁 16𝑇
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝜏=
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝜋 𝑑3
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 150 𝑘𝑊
𝜏 = 4000 psi
𝑁 = 900 𝑟𝑝𝑚 0.101325𝑀𝑃𝑎 16 1591500 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚𝑚
4000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 =
𝑇(900) 14.7 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝜋 𝑑3
150 =
9549000
𝑇 = 1591500 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚𝑚 𝑑 = 66.4 mm
SHAFTINGS

Main Power Transmitting Shaft (MPTS)

Alternate Solution
PSME (Shafting Derived Formula)
1 𝐻𝑃 900 𝑑3
𝑁𝑑3 150 𝑘𝑊 =
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 0.746 𝑘𝑊 80
𝑘
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 150 𝑘𝑊 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟: (HP) 𝑑 = 2.614 𝑖𝑛 = 66.4 𝑚𝑚
𝑁 = 900 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑁: speed (rpm)
𝑑: Shaft diameter (in)
SHAFTINGS

5. What would be the diameter in

millimeters of a main power transmitting
steel shaft SAE 1040 to transmit 150 kW
at 900 rpm if the torsional shearing is
4000 psi?

A. 2.3 C. 66.4
B. 2.6 D. 76.5
SHAFTINGS

6. A solid steel shaft having a diameter

of 3 in. twists through an angle of 5 deg
in 20 ft of length because of the action of
a torque. Determine the maximum
shearing stress in the shaft.

A. 3550 psi C. 6550 psi

B. 4550 psi D. 8550 psi
SHAFTINGS

16𝑇 Solve for T

𝜏= 𝑇𝐿 𝜃 = 5°
𝜋 𝑑3 𝜃=
𝐽𝐺 𝐿 = 20 𝑓𝑡
𝑑 = 3 𝑖𝑛 𝑑 = 3 𝑖𝑛
𝑇 =? 𝑇(20𝑓𝑡) 12 𝑖𝑛ൗ1 𝑓𝑡
𝜋
5° =
16 34 697.828 𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑖𝑛 180° 𝜋 3 4
(12𝑥106 )
𝜏= 32
𝜋 33 𝑖𝑛3 𝑇 = 34 697.828 𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑖𝑛
𝜏 = 6545 𝑝𝑠𝑖 = 6550 𝑝𝑠𝑖
SHAFTINGS

6. A solid steel shaft having a diameter

of 3 in. twists through an angle of 5 deg
in 20 ft of length because of the action of
a torque. Determine the maximum
shearing stress in the shaft.

A. 3550 psi C. 6550 psi

B. 4550 psi D. 8550 psi
KEYS & COUPLING
KEYS & COUPLING

𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒ൗ𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 *General Equation for Stress in Keys

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑇ൗ𝐷/2 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 = 𝟐𝑻ൗ𝑨𝑫
KEYS & COUPLING

7. A 4 inches shaft using a flat key

whose width is 1 inch is transmitting a
torque of 63 000 in-lb. If the design
shearing stress is 5000 psi, the safe
length is:

A. 6.3 in C. 4.3 in
B. 5.3 in D. 3.3 in
KEYS & COUPLING

2𝑇 2 63 000 𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑖𝑛
𝜏= 5000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 =
𝑤𝐿 𝐷 1 𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝐿 4 𝑖𝑛

𝜏 = 5000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝐿 = 6.3 𝑖𝑛

𝑇 = 63 000 𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑖𝑛
𝑤 = 1 𝑖𝑛
𝐷 = 4 𝑖𝑛
KEYS & COUPLING

7. A 4 inches shaft using a flat key

whose width is 1 inch is transmitting a
torque of 63 000 in-lb. If the design
shearing stress is 5000 psi, the safe
length is:

A. 6.3 in C. 4.3 in
B. 5.3 in D. 3.3 in
KEYS & COUPLING

8. A line shaft with a power of 100 kW at a speed

of 1200 rpm, had a rectangular key used in its
pulley connection. Consider the shearing stress
of the shaft to be 40 Mpa and the key to be 200
MPa, determine the width of the rectangular key
if it is one-fourth of the shaft diameter.

A. 23.65 mm C. 11.65 mm
B. 14.65 mm D. 9.65 mm
KEYS & COUPLING
𝑇𝑁
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
1 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑤= 𝑑 𝑇(1200)
4 100𝑘𝑊 =
9549000
16𝑇 𝑇 = 795750 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚𝑚
𝜏𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 = 16𝑇
𝜋 𝑑3 𝜏𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 =
𝜋 𝑑3
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 100𝑘𝑊 16(795750 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚𝑚 )
40 𝑀𝑃𝑎 =
𝑁 = 1200 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝜋 𝑑3
𝜏𝑘𝑒𝑦 = 200 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑑 = 46.618 𝑚𝑚
𝜏𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 = 40 𝑀𝑃𝑎
1 1
𝑤= 𝑑= 46.618 𝑚𝑚 = 11.65𝑚𝑚
4 4
KEYS & COUPLING

8. A line shaft with a power of 100 kW at a speed

of 1200 rpm, had a rectangular key used in its
pulley connection. Consider the shearing stress
of the shaft to be 40 Mpa and the key to be 200
MPa, determine the width of the rectangular key
if it is one-fourth of the shaft diameter.

A. 23.65 mm C. 11.65 mm
B. 14.65 mm D. 9.65 mm
KEYS & COUPLING

𝜏𝑏 : Shear Stress on Bolts

𝑇: Torque (N-mm, lbf-in)
2𝑇 2𝑇 𝑑𝑏 : diameter of bolt (mm,in)
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 𝜏𝑏 = 𝜋 𝑛𝑏 : number of bolts
𝐴 𝑑𝐵𝐶 ൗ4 𝑑𝑏2 𝑛𝑏 ∙ 𝑑𝐵𝐶 𝑑𝐵𝐶 : diameter of bolt circle (mm,in)
𝜎𝑓 : Normal Stress on Flange
2𝑇
𝜎𝑓 = 𝑡𝑓 : thickness of flange (mm,in)
𝑑𝑏 𝑡𝑓 𝑛𝑏 ∙ 𝑑𝐵𝐶
KEYS & COUPLING

9. A flanged coupling has an outside diameter of

200 mm and connects two 40 mm shafts. There
are four 16 mm bolts on a 140 mm bolt circle. The
radial flanged thickness is 20 mm. If the torsional
stress in the shaft is not to exceed 26 MPa,
determine the shear stress in the bolts if uniformly
distributed.
A. 1.2 MPa C. 4.3 MPa
B. 2.9 MPa D. 5.8 MPa
KEYS & COUPLING

16𝑇
2𝑇 𝜏𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 =
𝜏𝑏 = 𝜋 𝜋 𝑑3
2
ൗ4 𝑏 𝑛𝑏 ∙ 𝑑𝐵𝐶
𝑑 16(𝑇)
26 𝑀𝑃𝑎 =
𝜋 403
𝑑 = 𝑑𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 = 40 𝑚𝑚 𝑇 = 326725.636 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚𝑚
𝑛𝑏 = 4
𝑑𝑏 = 16 𝑚𝑚 2 326725.636 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝐵𝐶 = 140 𝑚𝑚 𝜏𝑏 = 𝜋 2 4 𝑚𝑚2 ∙ 140𝑚𝑚
𝜏𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 = 26 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ൗ 4 16
𝜏𝑏 = 5.8 𝑀𝑃𝑎/𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡
KEYS & COUPLING

9. A flanged coupling has an outside diameter of

200 mm and connects two 40 mm shafts. There
are four 16 mm bolts on a 140 mm bolt circle. The
radial flanged thickness is 20 mm. If the torsional
stress in the shaft is not to exceed 26 MPa,
determine the shear stress in the bolts if uniformly
distributed.
A. 1.2 MPa C. 4.3 MPa
B. 2.9 MPa D. 5.8 MPa
BELTS
BELTS

Open Belt Connection Cross Belt Connection

• Rotating in the same direction • Rotating in the opposite

direction
BELTS 𝜋𝐷1 𝑁1 = 𝜋𝐷2 𝑁2
𝑉1 = 𝑉2
Open Belt Connection 𝐷1 𝑁1 = 𝐷2 𝑁2

Angle of Contact
𝐷2 − 𝐷1
𝜃 = 180 ± 2 sin−1
2𝑐
Belt Length
2
𝜋𝐷2 + 𝜋𝐷1 𝐷2 − 𝐷1 Use:
𝐿= + 2𝑐 + (+) for θ2
2 4𝑐 (-) for θ1
θ1: angle of contact for smaller pulley
θ2: angle of contact for larger pulley
BELTS 𝜋𝐷1 𝑁1 = 𝜋𝐷2 𝑁2
𝑉1 = 𝑉2
Cross Belt Connection 𝐷1 𝑁1 = 𝐷2 𝑁2

Angle of Contact
𝐷2 + 𝐷1
𝜃 = 180 + 2 sin−1
2𝑐
Belt Length
2
𝜋𝐷2 + 𝜋𝐷1 𝐷2 − 𝐷1
𝐿= + 2𝑐 +
2 4𝑐
BELTS

10. What is the surface velocity of a pulley 18

inches in diameter mounted on a shaft
running at 250 rpm?

A. 4.5 fpm C. 125 fpm

B. 1178 fpm D. 388 fpm
BELTS

GIVEN DATA 𝑉 = 𝜋𝐷𝑁

𝐷 = 18 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 18 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑉=𝜋 250
𝑁 = 250 𝑟𝑝𝑚 12 𝑖𝑛/𝑓𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝑓𝑡
𝑉 = 375𝜋
𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑓𝑡
𝑉 = 1178
𝑚𝑖𝑛
BELTS

10. What is the surface velocity of a pulley 18

inches in diameter mounted on a shaft
running at 250 rpm?

A. 4.5 fpm C. 125 fpm

B. 1178 fpm D. 388 fpm
BELTS

11. A V-belt is to transmit 50 hp to an NH3

compressor. The sheave is 203.2 mm in
diameter and turns at 1150 rpm, while the
larger turns at 400 rpm. The center distance is
equal to the diameter of the larger sheave.
Determine the length of the belt.
A. 67 in C. 87 in
B. 77 in D. 97 in
BELTS

𝐷1 𝑁1 = 𝐷2 𝑁2
GIVEN DATA
8 𝑖𝑛 1150 𝑟𝑝𝑚 = 𝐷2 400 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝐷1 = 203.2 𝑚𝑚 𝐷2 = 23 𝑖𝑛 𝑐 = 23 𝑖𝑛
𝐷1 = 8 𝑖𝑛
“The center distance is equal to the diameter of
𝑁1 = 1150 𝑟𝑝𝑚 the larger sheave”

Belt Length
𝑁2 = 400 𝑟𝑝𝑚 2
𝜋𝐷2 + 𝜋𝐷1 𝐷2 − 𝐷1
𝐿= + 2𝑐 +
2 4𝑐
𝐿 ≈ 97 𝑖𝑛
BELTS

11. A V-belt is to transmit 50 hp to an NH3

compressor. The sheave is 203.2 mm in
diameter and turns at 1150 rpm, while the
larger turns at 400 rpm. The center distance is
equal to the diameter of the larger sheave.
Determine the length of the belt.
A. 67 in C. 87 in
B. 77 in D. 97 in
BELTS

12. A V-belt is to transmit 50 hp to an NH3

compressor. The sheave is 203.2 mm in
diameter and turns at 1150 rpm, while the
larger turns at 400 rpm. The center distance is
equal to the diameter of the larger sheave.
Determine the angle of contact for each side.
A. 218.06°, 141.94o C. 208.06°, 151.94o
B. 228.06°, 131.94o D. 214.06°, 145.94o
BELTS
Angle of Contact (Open Belt)
GIVEN DATA
𝐷2 − 𝐷1
𝐷1 = 8 𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 180 ± 2 sin−1
2𝑐
𝐷2 = 23 𝑖𝑛
−1
𝐷2 − 𝐷1
𝑐 = 23 𝑖𝑛 𝜃1 = 180 + 2 sin = 218.06°
2𝑐

−1
𝐷2 − 𝐷1
𝜃2 = 180 − 2 sin = 141.94°
2𝑐

𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: 𝜃2 = 360 − 𝜃1
BELTS

12. A V-belt is to transmit 50 hp to an NH3

compressor. The sheave is 203.2 mm in
diameter and turns at 1150 rpm, while the
larger turns at 400 rpm. The center distance is
equal to the diameter of the larger sheave.
Determine the angle of contact for each side.
A. 218.06°, 141.94o C. 208.06°, 151.94o
B. 228.06°, 131.94o D. 214.06°, 145.94o
CHAIN AND SPROCKETS
CHAIN AND SPROCKETS
𝐹1

𝐹2
Center
distance
CHAINS AND SPROCKETS
Center Distance
𝑉1 = 𝑉2
𝑐 = 𝑐𝑝 𝑝
𝐷1 𝑁1 = 𝐷2 𝑁2
𝑇 𝑁 = 𝑇 𝑁 𝐷1
C 1 1 2 2 𝑐 = 𝐷2 +
2
Belt Length

𝐿 = 𝐿𝑝 𝑝 Diameter
2 𝑃
𝑇1 + 𝑇2 𝑇2 − 𝑇1 𝐷=
𝐿𝑝 = + 2𝑐𝑝 + 180
2 40𝑐𝑝 sin
𝑇
CHAINS AND SPROCKETS

13. A restaurant owner installs a used fan that could deliver

18,000 cfm of air when running at 320 rpm. The fan is
estimated to inquire at least 4.5 hp to deliver the volume of air
needed. The owner has also a second-hand motor rated at 5
hp and 1750 rpm. Chains and sprockets will be used for
transmission where the small sprocket has 18 teeth and the
pitch is ½ in, determine the no. of teeth of the larger sprocket.

A. 94 C. 98
B. 96 D. 100
CHAINS AND SPROCKETS

GIVEN DATA Center Distance 𝑐 =?

𝑇1 = 18 𝐷1
𝑐 = 𝑐𝑝 𝑝 𝑐 = 𝐷2 +
2
1
𝑃 = 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
2
𝑇1 𝑁1 = 𝑇2 𝑁2
18 1750 = 𝑇2 320
𝑇2 = 98.4 ≈ 98 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ
CHAINS AND SPROCKETS

13. A restaurant owner installs a used fan that could deliver

18,000 cfm of air when running at 320 rpm. The fan is
estimated to inquire at least 4.5 hp to deliver the volume of air
needed. The owner has also a second-hand motor rated at 5
hp and 1750 rpm. Chains and sprockets will be used for
transmission where the small sprocket has 18 teeth and the
pitch is ½ in, determine the no. of teeth of the larger sprocket.

A. 94 C. 98
B. 96 D. 100
CHAINS AND SPROCKETS

14. A restaurant owner installs a used fan that could deliver

18,000 cfm of air when running at 320 rpm. The fan is
estimated to inquire at least 4.5 hp to deliver the volume of air
needed. The owner has also a second-hand motor rated at 5
hp and 1750 rpm. Chains and sprockets will be used for
transmission where the small sprocket has 18 teeth and the
pitch is ½ in, determine the recommended center distance.

A. 14 in C. 16 in
B. 15 in D. 17 in
CHAINS AND SPROCKETS

GIVEN DATA Diameter

𝑃 0.5 𝑖𝑛
𝑇1 = 18 𝐷1 = = ≈ 2.88 𝑖𝑛
180 180
sin sin
1 𝑇1 18
𝑃 = 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ 𝑃 0.5 𝑖𝑛
2
𝐷2 = = ≈ 15.60 𝑖𝑛
180 180
𝑇2 = 98 sin sin
𝑇2 98
𝑐 =? 2.88 𝑖𝑛
𝐷1 𝑐 = 15.60 𝑖𝑛 + ≈ 17 𝑖𝑛
𝑐 = 𝐷2 + 2
2
CHAINS AND SPROCKETS

14. A restaurant owner installs a used fan that could deliver

18,000 cfm of air when running at 320 rpm. The fan is
estimated to inquire at least 4.5 hp to deliver the volume of air
needed. The owner has also a second-hand motor rated at 5
hp and 1750 rpm. Chains and sprockets will be used for
transmission where the small sprocket has 18 teeth and the
pitch is ½ in, determine the recommended center distance.

A. 14 in C. 16 in
B. 15 in D. 17 in
CHAINS AND SPROCKETS

15. A restaurant owner installs a used fan that could deliver

18,000 cfm of air when running at 320 rpm. The fan is
estimated to inquire at least 4.5 hp to deliver the volume of air
needed. The owner has also a second-hand motor rated at 5
hp and 1750 rpm. Chains and sprockets will be used for
transmission where the small sprocket has 18 teeth and the
pitch is ½ in, determine the recommended length of chain.

A. 61 in C. 66 in
B. 63 in D. 67 in
CHAINS AND SPROCKETS

GIVEN DATA Belt Length 𝐿 = 𝐿𝑝 𝑝

STEP 3
𝑇1 = 18 ? ? 
1    
𝑃 = 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
2 𝑇1 + 𝑇2 𝑇2 − 𝑇1 2
𝐿𝑝 = + 2𝑐𝑝 + STEP 2
2 40𝑐𝑝
𝑇2 = 98 ? ?
?
𝑐 = 17 𝑖𝑛
𝑐 = 𝑐𝑝 𝑝 STEP 1
 ? 
CHAINS AND SPROCKETS

GIVEN DATA Belt Length

𝑇1 = 18 𝑐 = 𝑐𝑝 𝑝 STEP 1
1  ? 
𝑃 = 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
2
1
𝑇2 = 98 17 𝑖𝑛 = 𝑐𝑝 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
2
𝑐 = 17 𝑖𝑛
𝑐𝑝 = 34
CHAINS AND SPROCKETS

GIVEN DATA    
𝑇1 = 18 𝑇1 + 𝑇2 𝑇2 − 𝑇1 2
𝐿𝑝 = + 2𝑐𝑝 + STEP 2
1 2 40𝑐𝑝
𝑃 = 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ ? 
2 
2
18 + 98 98 − 18
𝑇2 = 98 𝐿𝑝 = + 2 34 +
2 40 34
𝑐 = 17 𝑖𝑛
𝐿𝑝 = 130.7 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 = 132 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
𝑐𝑝 = 34
*round up to nearest even number
CHAINS AND SPROCKETS

GIVEN DATA 𝐿 = 𝐿𝑝 𝑝
STEP 3
𝑇1 = 18 ? ? 
1
𝑃 = 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ 𝐿 = 𝐿𝑝 𝑝
2
𝑇2 = 98 1
𝐿 = 132 𝑖𝑛
2
𝑐 = 17 𝑖𝑛
𝑐𝑝 = 34 𝐿 ≈ 66 𝑖𝑛
𝐿𝑝 = 132 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
CHAINS AND SPROCKETS

15. A restaurant owner installs a used fan that could deliver

18,000 cfm of air when running at 320 rpm. The fan is
estimated to inquire at least 4.5 hp to deliver the volume of air
needed. The owner has also a second-hand motor rated at 5
hp and 1750 rpm. Chains and sprockets will be used for
transmission where the small sprocket has 18 teeth and the
pitch is ½ in, determine the recommended length of chain.

A. 61 in C. 66 in
B. 63 in D. 67 in
BOLTS AND SCREWS
BOLTS AND SCREWS
𝐷𝑖 = 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟)

𝐷𝑜 = 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝐷𝑚 = 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑝 = 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ
𝑙 = 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑
𝐷𝑖 𝜆 = 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝐷𝑚
𝐷𝑜
BOLTS AND SCREWS
Pitch = distance from thread to thread

Lead = linear displacement per revolution

𝐿
𝑙 tan 𝜆 =
𝜆 𝜋𝐷𝑚
𝐷𝑖 𝜋𝐷𝑚
𝐷𝑚
𝐷𝑜
BOLTS AND SCREWS
𝐿
𝑙 tan 𝜆 =
𝜆 𝜋𝐷𝑚
𝜋𝐷𝑚
𝐿 = 𝑝 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑)
𝐿 = 2𝑝 (𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑)
𝐷𝑖
𝐷𝑚
𝐷𝑜 𝐿 = 3𝑝 (𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑)
BOLTS AND SCREWS
Power (P)
P = Power
𝑇𝑁 T = Total torque
𝑃= N = Rotational Speed (rpm)
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
Total Torque (T)
𝑇 = 𝑇𝑐 + 𝑇𝑡 Tc = Torque in the collar
Tt = Torque in the thread
BOLTS AND SCREWS
Torque in the collar (Tc) fc = Coeff. of friction in the collar
Wc = Weight of collar
𝑇𝑐 = 𝑓𝑐 𝑊𝑐 𝑟𝑚𝑐 rmc = mean radius of collar

UNIFORM
2 𝑟𝑜𝑐 3 − 𝑟𝑖𝑐 3 1 𝐷𝑜𝑐 3 − 𝐷𝑖𝑐 3
𝑟𝑚𝑐 = =
PRESSURE 2
3 𝑟𝑜𝑐 − 𝑟𝑖𝑐 2 3 𝐷𝑜𝑐 2 − 𝐷𝑖𝑐 2
𝑟𝑚𝑐
𝑟𝑜𝑐 + 𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝐷𝑜𝑐 + 𝐷𝑖𝑐
UNIFORM
WEAR 𝑟𝑚𝑐 = =
2 4
BOLTS AND SCREWS
Torque in the thread (Tt)

𝑊𝐷𝑚 cos 𝜙 tan 𝜆 ± 𝑓𝑡

𝑇𝑡 =
2 cos 𝜙 ∓ 𝑓𝑡 tan 𝜆
If screw is rising: + (numerator) 𝑊𝐷𝑚 cos 𝜙 tan 𝜆 + 𝑓𝑡
𝑇𝑡 =
- (denominator 2 cos 𝜙 − 𝑓𝑡 tan 𝜆

If screw is descending: - (numerator) 𝑊𝐷𝑚 cos 𝜙 tan 𝜆 − 𝑓𝑡

𝑇 =
+ (denominator 𝑡 2 cos 𝜙 + 𝑓𝑡 tan 𝜆
BOLTS AND SCREWS
Torque in the thread (Tt)

𝑊𝐷𝑚 cos 𝜙 tan 𝜆 ± 𝑓𝑡 W = Load

𝑇𝑡 = Dm = Mean diameter
2 cos 𝜙 ∓ 𝑓𝑡 tan 𝜆
Thread Thread Angle (∅)
𝐿 S (Square) 0
tan 𝜆 = A (ACME) 14.5
𝜋𝐷𝑚 T (Trapezoidal) 15
A (American) 30
BOLTS AND SCREWS
Mean Diameter (Dm)
Dm = Mean diameter
𝑝 Do = Outside diameter
𝐷𝑚 = 𝐷𝑜 − p = Pitch
2

Linear Velocity
𝑉 = 𝐿𝑁 L = Lead
N = Rotational speed
BOLTS AND SCREWS

16. What is the frictional hp acting on a collar

loaded with 100 kg weight? The collar has an
outside diameter of 100 mm and an internal
diameter of 40 mm. The collar rotates at 1000
rpm and the coefficient of friction between the
collar and the pivot surface is 0.15.
A. 0.8 hp C. 0.3 hp
B. 0.5 hp D. 1.2 hp
BOLTS AND SCREWS
POWER (P) Torque in the collar (Tc)

𝑇𝑁 𝑇𝑐 = 𝑓𝑐 𝑊𝑐 𝑟𝑚𝑐
𝑃=
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑚
𝑇𝑐 = 0.15 100 𝑘𝑔 9.81 2 𝑟𝑚𝑐
Power acting on 𝑠
the collar only 1 𝐷𝑜𝑐 3 − 𝐷𝑖𝑐 3 1 1003 − 403
𝑟𝑚𝑐 = =
𝑇𝑐 𝑁 3 𝐷𝑜𝑐 2 − 𝐷𝑖𝑐 2 3 1002 − 402
𝑃𝑐 =
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 260
𝑟𝑚𝑐 = 𝑚𝑚
7
BOLTS AND SCREWS
Power (P) Torque in the collar (Tc)

𝑇𝑁 𝑇𝑐 = 𝑓𝑐 𝑊𝑐 𝑟𝑚𝑐
𝑃=
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑚 260
𝑇𝑐 = 0.15 100 𝑘𝑔 9.81 2 𝑚𝑚
Power acting on 𝑠 7
the collar only
𝑇𝑐 𝑁 𝑇𝑐 = 5465.57 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
𝑃𝑐 =
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
BOLTS AND SCREWS
Power acting on
the collar only
𝑇𝑐 = 5465.57 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
𝑇𝑐 𝑁 5465.57 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚 1000 𝑟𝑝𝑚 1 ℎ𝑝
𝑃𝑐 = 𝑃𝑐 =
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 954900 0.746 𝑘𝑊

𝑃𝑐 ≈ 0.767 ℎ𝑝 ≈ 0.8 ℎ𝑝
BOLTS AND SCREWS

16. What is the frictional hp acting on a collar

loaded with 100 kg weight? The collar has an
outside diameter of 100 mm and an internal
diameter of 40 mm. The collar rotates at 1000
rpm and the coefficient of friction between the
collar and the pivot surface is 0.15.
A. 0.8 hp C. 0.3 hp
B. 0.5 hp D. 1.2 hp
BOLTS AND SCREWS

17. A double thread ACME screw driven by a motor at

400 rpm raises the attached load of 900 kg at a speed of
10 meters per minute. The screw has a pitch diameter of
36 mm. The coefficient of friction on threads is 0.15. The
frictional torque on the thrust bearing of the motor is
taken as 20% of the total torque input. Determine the
motor power required to operate the screw.

A. 3.24 kW C. 5.24 kW
B. 4.24 kW D. 6.24 kW
BOLTS AND SCREWS
Power (P) Torque in the thread (Tt)

𝑇𝑁 𝑊𝐷𝑚 cos 𝜙 tan 𝜆 ± 𝑓𝑡

𝑃= 𝑇𝑡 =
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 2 cos 𝜙 ∓ 𝑓𝑡 tan 𝜆
Total Torque (T) Thread Thread Angle (∅)

𝑇 = 𝑇𝑐 + 𝑇𝑡 A (ACME) 14.5

𝑇 = 0.2𝑇 + 𝑇𝑡 𝐿 𝐿 = 2𝑝
tan 𝜆 = (𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑)
𝜋𝐷𝑚
BOLTS AND SCREWS
?
𝐿 𝐿 = 2𝑝
tan 𝜆 = (𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑)
𝜋𝐷𝑚

Linear Velocity 𝑚𝑚 𝑟𝑒𝑣

10,000 = 𝐿 400
𝑉 = 𝐿𝑁 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐿 = 25 𝑚𝑚
BOLTS AND SCREWS

𝐿 𝐿 = 2𝑝
tan 𝜆 = (𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑)
𝜋𝐷𝑚
𝐿 = 25 𝑚𝑚

25 𝑚𝑚 Do not solve! Store

tan 𝜆 = A the whole value of
𝜋 36 𝑚𝑚
tan 𝜆 to A
BOLTS AND SCREWS
Torque in the thread (Tt)

𝑊𝐷𝑚 cos 𝜙 tan 𝜆 ± 𝑓𝑡 ∅ = 14.5

𝑇𝑡 =
2 cos 𝜙 ∓ 𝑓𝑡 tan 𝜆
900 9.81 36 cos 14.5 𝐴 ± 0.15
𝑇𝑡 =
2 cos 14.5 ∓ 0.15 𝐴
𝑇𝑡 ≈ 61871.03 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
BOLTS AND SCREWS
𝑇𝑡 ≈ 61871.03 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
Total Torque (T)
𝑇 = 𝑇𝑐 + 𝑇𝑡
𝑇 = 0.2𝑇 + 𝑇𝑡
𝑇 = 0.2𝑇 + 61871.03
𝑇 = 77338.8 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
BOLTS AND SCREWS
𝑇 = 77338.8 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
Power (P)

𝑇𝑁 77338.8 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚 400 𝑟𝑝𝑚

𝑃= 𝑃=
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 9549000

𝑃 ≈ 3.24 𝑘𝑊
BOLTS AND SCREWS

17. A double thread ACME screw driven by a motor at

400 rpm raises the attached load of 900 kg at a speed of
10 meters per minute. The screw has a pitch diameter of
36 mm. The coefficient of friction on threads is 0.15. The
frictional torque on the thrust bearing of the motor is
taken as 20% of the total torque input. Determine the
motor power required to operate the screw.

A. 3.24 kW C. 5.24 kW
B. 4.24 kW D. 6.24 kW