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    Technology For Hold Baggage Screening

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    Ihab A Osman
    1. The document discusses technologies for hold baggage screening including physical search, explosive detection canines, x-ray, and trace detection methods. 2. Trace detection involves collecting, separating, and detecting residues or vapors of explosives which can cause false alarms from innocent contamination. 3. Advanced technologies like Computerized Tomography (CT) based Explosives Detection Systems (EDS) have been deployed and can detect all explosives of interest but have limitations such as limited throughput. 4. Emerging technologies aim to improve detection capabilities while reducing false alarm rates and costs to address the universal challenge of achieving 100% hold baggage screening.

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    Technology For Hold Baggage Screening

    Uploaded by

    Ihab A Osman
    360 views23 pages
    1. The document discusses technologies for hold baggage screening including physical search, explosive detection canines, x-ray, and trace detection methods. 2. Trace detection involves collecting, separating, and detecting residues or vapors of explosives which can cause false alarms from innocent contamination. 3. Advanced technologies like Computerized Tomography (CT) based Explosives Detection Systems (EDS) have been deployed and can detect all explosives of interest but have limitations such as limited throughput. 4. Emerging technologies aim to improve detection capabilities while reducing false alarm rates and costs to address the universal challenge of achieving 100% hold baggage screening.

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    HBS

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    1. The document discusses technologies for hold baggage screening including physical search, explosive detection canines, x-ray, and trace detection methods. 2. Trace detection involves collecting, separating, and detecting residues or vapors of explosives which can cause false alarms from innocent contamination. 3. Advanced technologies like Computerized Tomography (CT) based Explosives Detection Systems (EDS) have been deployed and can detect all explosives of interest but have limitations such as limited throughput. 4. Emerging technologies aim to improve detection capabilities while reducing false alarm rates and costs to address the universal challenge of achieving 100% hold baggage screening.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    360 views23 pages

    Technology For Hold Baggage Screening

    Uploaded by

    Ihab A Osman
    1. The document discusses technologies for hold baggage screening including physical search, explosive detection canines, x-ray, and trace detection methods. 2. Trace detection involves collecting, separating, and detecting residues or vapors of explosives which can cause false alarms from innocent contamination. 3. Advanced technologies like Computerized Tomography (CT) based Explosives Detection Systems (EDS) have been deployed and can detect all explosives of interest but have limitations such as limited throughput. 4. Emerging technologies aim to improve detection capabilities while reducing false alarm rates and costs to address the universal challenge of achieving 100% hold baggage screening.

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    Technology for Hold Baggage Screening

    ICAO Requirement - 100% Hold Baggage Screening by January 1, 2006


    Acceptable Approaches for HBS
    Physical Search Dogs Conventional x-ray Advanced x-ray technology Certified EDS Trace

    Regulators Challenge
    Balance the conflicting demands
    Efficiency: Bag delay Time Cost: Procure, Install, Operate & Maintain Passenger Privacy

    Against the nonnegotiable demand to find the bomb that may be in the bag

    Physical Search
    Manpower Intensive Slow Invades passenger privacy Not effective unless complemented by trace Can be effective if supplementing other approaches

    Explosive Detection Canines


    Highly mobile Multiple Security Tasks Goes to explosive vapor source Visible deterrent

    Explosive Detection Canines


    Canines can be effective but there are challenges
    Selection and initial training Performance testing and maintenance High overhead cost Work rest duty cycle Better suited to non-routine tasks Cultural norms

    Why Use Technology


    Higher detection performance Reduces human errors Reduce passenger privacy compromise Potentially more efficient

    Understanding the technology Options


    Trace Conventional x-ray Advanced x-ray technology Certified EDS

    Explosives Detection Options X-Ray and Trace


    X-Ray

    Trace

    Trace Detection

    C-4 particle on cloth 400X

    Vapor molecule of TNT

    Trace Detection
    Collect Separate Detect Residues or vapors of explosives False Alarms can be caused by innocent contamination

    Trace Checked Baggage Systems


    Current Checked Baggage Technologies Explosives Trace Detection Devices

    EXPLOSIVE TRACE DETECTORS


    Detect & identify microscopic amounts of explosive material Used for detection of the explosive component of an IED Can be used in conjunction with X-Ray and physical search to provide an additional layer of security Slow, intrusive and labor Intensive to be effective Trace alarm does not necessarily mean there is a bomb in the bag Passenger using certain medications Fertilizer Residues from hobbies or profession

    Conventional X-Ray
    Dual energy may indicate explosives Bomb components may be recognized Detection depends on operator training and vigilance Threat Image Projection will motivate and measure screener performance Testing has identified problems in maintaining acceptable screener detection performance

    Automated X-Ray
    High Processing Speed Automated explosive detection Some explosives ignored Level one technology High false alarms Human alarm resolution

    Computerized Tomography (CT)


    Generalized detection based on density/mass/volume Development will increase speed, decrease cost
    X-Ray Tube Tunnel Central Ray

    Bag

    Conveyor Belt

    X-Ray Detector Arc

    DeployedBaggage Technologies Technology CT based EDS Current Checked


    Explosives Detection Systems (Computerized Tomography (CT)

    CTX 2500 CTX 5500DS

    CT-80 L3 eXaminer 6000

    46 31. 5
    711

    46

    CT for HBS
    Passed rigorous certification testing process Procurement and Installation cost Limited throughput, up to ~ 400 B/H Requires false alarm resolution Integrateable into baggage handling systems Detects all explosives of interest

    EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR CHECKED BAGGAGE


    Technologies combined with CT:
    Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance X-Ray Diffraction Multi-View Techniques

    Non-gantry CT Potential benefits


    Reduce false alarm rate Improved detection capabilities Reduced total cost Increase throughput

    US Checked Baggage Technology


    System
    CTX 2500 CTX 5500 L3 6000 CTX 5500 In-Line CTX-9000 - In-Line L3 6000 In-Line Ionscan 400B Itemizer II Egis -II

    Cost
    $600,000 $825,000 $800,000 $850,000 $1,200,000 $900,000 $37,500 $37,500 $45,000

    BPH
    120 180 180 250 425 425 36 36 36

    Technology EDS EDS EDS EDS EDS EDS ETD ETD ETD

    Deployed
    145 534 384 2 121 66 2625 3723 573

    HBS Technology Requirements


    Very Low False Alarm Rate Very High Probability of Detection for all Threats Minimal Decision Making by Human operator Integrated into the Holistic Security Infrastructure Robust Can Be Operated by Real Screeners Cost effective and efficient Privacy Concerns Addressed

    Universal Challenge of 100% HBS


    First Detect the Bomb System procurement & installation cost System operating efficiency System performance sustainability Maintaining operator proficiency

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