122 Vocabulary 1: Crime and punishment Crimes and criminals Match each of the following definitions with the word for a criminal from the box. There is one extra word which you do not need to use. vandal kidnapper ‘arsonist. blackmailer shoplifter smuggler mugger drug trafficker hijacker __pickpocket__ murderer A person who... 1 kills someone. 2. takes goods into or out of a country illegally. 3 deliberately sets fire to a building. 4 steals things from people's pockets or bags in public places. 5 threatens to give away secrets unless he/she is given money. 6 takes things from shops without paying for them. 7 holds someone prisoner until he/she is given money. 8 control of an aeroplane by force. ately damages other people's property. 10 attacks people in the street and stcals their money. ‘Write the name of the crime committed by each of the criminals in exercise 1. Which ‘of the crimes involve theft of some kind? Example: mugger ~ mugging Match each verb from the box with an appropriate pair of nouns. a an office/a house burgle rob steal |] b_____moneyfjewellery © a banWa person Punishment Look at the following types of punishment which can be given by courts. Put them in ‘order from the least to the most severe, @ to sentence someone to life imprisonment b to order someone to do 200 hours of community service € to sentence someone to death d to order someone to pay a £200 fine © to give someone a two-year prison sentenceNothing but the truth @@Q @) 2 Decide what punishment, if any, should be given to the person or people below. Discuss your ideas using some of the language of agreement and opinion in the box. + a 73-year-old woman who stole a scarf from a department store * three 16-year-old vandals who set fire to litter bins and sprayed paint on parked cars + a gang of armed men who hijacked a plane with 135 passengers on board and threatened to blow it up + two men who mugged another, robbing him of £10 and breaking several of his teeth * a businessman who has earned millions from drug trafficking Giving opinions Agreeing and disagreeing In my opinion... Totally agree. To my mind T think so, too. From my point of view... agree up toa point. Personally, 1 think... Treally don’t think so. I strongly believe... I completely disagree. Sentence completion €-} 1.42 oH ©D1_ whatare the best ways to protect your house from burglary? How well is your house protected? 2 Read the follor you 1g Part 2 instructions. Try to predict the type of information n before you listen. g Lister hear for each que: You will hear part of a radio programme, in which a police officer talks about burglary. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences. 1 Almost a half of burglaries occur 5 2 Most burglaries take 2] minutes. 3 ‘Operation Bumblebee’ targets criminals who ) A The operation ledtoa[_______——_—*(.4] decrease in burglary in its first year. 5 Officer Woodcock warns householders not to hide keys LS 6A 6] will help to deter burglars. 7 Locks should be fitted to the T 8 Neighbourhood Watch Schemes give everyone the chance to a]. 9 The schemes particularly help protect people like the cand 3 10 Over| [10] people benefit from the schemes. 123EXD Nothing but the truth Speaking 1: Collaborative task > earne Here are some different methods of tackling crime. Talk to your partner about the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and then choose which you think are the least and most effective. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each approach? Which are the least and most effective approaches? Speaking 2: Further discussion €_> pene Discuss these Speaking Part 4 questions with your partner: Try to develop your answers and give reasons and examples to support your opinions. ‘When she saw the broken chair the teacher said she wouldn't Jet us go home until the person who was responsible for the damage (1) owned up. In the end Brian Ogilvie said he'd done it, but that it had been an accident. He (2) mace uo. 2 story about falling over backwards onto it and the chair just falling apart under his weight. Our teacher will believe anything end she was completely (3) taken in by his words, totally unaware that the chair had been broken in an act of pure vendelism. She (4) let him off with nothing more than en unconvincing warning. But he didn't (5) get away with it. The next day the teacher (6) found out the truth when she overheard Ogilvie (7) showing off to his friends in another class about how he'd managed to deceive the teacher. The headteacher wes informed, and after (8) looking into the incident, decided to suspend him for a month. 124 What do you think are the main causes of Do you have any other suggestions for reducing crime in your local area? Do you think the police should carry guns? Do you think the death penalty is a valid form of punishment? ne in your country? Vocabulary 2: Phrasal verbs Read the story and decide whether you feel the punishment was suitable, Read the story again. Work out the meaning of each of the underlined phrasal verbs using the context of the sentence and of the story as a whole. Write four sentences, each one including one of the phrasal verbs from the story. Then rewrite the sentences, leaving a space where the verb should be. Ask your pariner to complete the spaces with an appropriate phrasal verb.Nothing but the truth 1¢ 120-180 words. You have been doing a class project on crime. Your teacher has asked you to write a contribution for the school’s English language magazine with the following title: Choose one of the following questions and What can ordinary people do to help in the fight against crime? Write your article, giving other students practical suggestions for beating crime. How to go about it Style © Paragraphs two and three: ‘© Who is the target reader? Think of your discussion in the speaking ‘© Should the style be formal, neutral or informal? activity. ‘© To fish your article you could: ‘Organization and ideas encourage readers to take action. © Introductory paragraph: and/or give them advice on the first Why is it important for ordinary people to thing they should do. help in the fight against crime? and/or ask them to consider the Can they do very much to help? consequences of not doing anything. Your teacher has asked you to write a story for the school’s English language magazine. It must begin with the following words: He quickly put the tin of soup into his pocket and moved towards the checkout. Write your story. LOC © Plan your story before you start writing Past continuous and past simple to describe ‘© Look again at pages 50 and 51 in Unit 4 ‘the main events of the story. for the ingredients of a good narrative. ‘© Use some of the vocabulary you have learnt © Use a range of past tenses: fn this unit, Past perfect to describe what had happened @ Begin with the words in the question, before the main events of the story. Multiple choice Why might somebody hire a private detective? What image do you have of private detectives? What qualities do you think are required to do the job well? Read through the newspaper article on page 126 and compare your ideas in exercise |. 125ELD Nothing but the truth Private investigators investigated David Lee investigates the world of the private eye = and uncovers some surprising truths. When I walk into the offices of Wright & Wrong Lid, 1a predominantly female firm of private investigators, Thave to say | am a little disappointed. My only previous contact with private detective agencies has been through crime novels read during my far- off student days, or black and white films from the golden age of Hollywood. So I am half expecting to see a small, dark, smoke‘flled room, a single desk with an empty intray and a long, scruffy raincoat hanging from a hat stand in the corner. Clearly, my romantic image of the profession needs updating. Wright & Wrong Lid’s offices are light and spacious.and there arc no ashtrays in sight on any 14 of the dozen or so desks. These are tidy and free + of paper, but concentrated faces at large computer screens give the place a busy feet. Jenny Wright, founder of theagency, isnot surprised al my error, and with a note of irritation in her voice, points to further misconceptions. ‘Cinema and television are mostly to blame for our reputation. Contrary to popular belief, we always work very strictly within the ‘law ~ there's no violence, no break-ins, and certainly no guns. The laws relating to ‘our activities are very tight, and if we don’t stick to them therc’s a very real danger that the evidence we obtain will not be accepted in court? ‘The types of cases her agency deals with are varied but the day-to-day work is often far from stimulating. Wright & Wrong Lid handles anything from infidelity in a marriage or tracing a missing person to insurance fraud, employee theft and advising companies on security measures. ‘Resolving a case is very rewarding,’ says Jenny, ‘but the actual investigation can be rather dull. When we're not dealing with paperwork or Intemet searches, we're usually involved in surveillance. And that normally means just sitting around in cars or cafés for hours, waiting for something to happen.’ : Not surprisingly, then, patience is an important * asset for anyone doing this kind of work. Is that why nine of the twelve investigators in her team are women? ‘Obviously, women don't have a monopoly 4 on patience; replies Jenny diplomatically, for my benefit, | sense, ‘but perhaps it’s no coincidence that they tend to stay in the job a lot longer than men ~ at Teast in my experience, anyway’ Jenny tells me that people's perceptions of women make them popular with clients, and also, consequently, with her as an employer. Women are often considered to be more sensitive than men. » They're looked upon as less threatening when it comes to making inquiries or serving court papers. ‘People open up to women more readily,’ she says, ‘and are relieved when a woman picks up the phone to speak to them. We'ro also good at breaking bad news. What may be a victory for the agency - filming someone doing something they shouldn't be doing, for example ~ tends not to be such a pleasant discovery for the client, and there's a right way and a wrong way of handling that information.’ Most of Jenny's clients are wealthy. The hourly rate is anything between fifty and eighty pounds, so the cost of a single case will often run into thousands of pounds. Even with the latest hi-tech equipment, such as GPS and long-range listening devices, a surveillance campaign can last several days. ‘The technology is freely available and most of what we - do could be done by the clients, explains Jenny, ‘but they're reluctant to get involved. Finding out the truth is often just too painful to do on your own? Task Jenny, a former night club owner, how she ‘came to be a private detective. Her face turns red, shé gives a slight grin and drops her voice to a whisper so as not to be overheard by her staff ‘I used to read a lot of crime novels during the daytime,’ she confides, ‘and I started to think ‘I could do that: 1 went on a training course and realized 1 was in the wrong job.’ I am about to ask her whether she ever wears a long, scruffy raincoat, when her mobile phone rings and she is called away on business. 3 For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B,C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. 1. What does the writer discover on his visit to the offices of Wright & Wrong Lid? A The firm is not as dynamic as he had been told. B The offices have recently been modernized. € All the private detectives in the firm are women. D He has an old-fashioned idea of private detectives. 126 2. What does ‘these’ in line 14 refer to? A offices Bashtrays € desks D computer screens 3 Jenny Wright is annoyed by A the strict laws controlling private detectives. B the inflexibility of the law courts. € the way her profession is represented in films. D the violence used by other detective agencies.4 According to Jenny, most of the work of a private detective is A monotonous. B challenging. € exhausting, D enjoyable. 3 The writer uses the word ‘diplomatically’ in line 43 to imply that Jenny A had no strong views of her own, B was trying not to offend him. C was being oversensitive. D was unsure of her 6 Jenny is influenced in her decision to take on women by A women’s ability to get results. B the speed at which women work. € women's tendency to speak openly. D the way clients see women. nswer, Language focus 1: Passives 1. Read through the text in the next column ignoring the gaps, and answer the following questions: 2 What methods do private detectives use to spy on children? b_ Whyis the charity Chldlook concemed about this practice? 2 Complete each space in the text with one of the verbs in the. ‘box. You may use some verbs more than once. There is an ‘example at the beginning (0). be tobe being been is ae was were has have 3. Most of the numbered verbs in exercise 1 form part of passive constructions. Arrange these passives in the table below. How is the passive formed? Nothing but the truth QQ 7 What do we learn about Jenny's clients? A They cannot afford to buy the surveillance equipment. B They object to paying such high prices for the work. C They do not want to do the detective work themselves. D They prefer more than one detective to work ona case. 8 How does Jenny feel about telling her story in the last paragraph? A embarrassed B frightened € proud D angry Reacting to the text > Do you think you would make a good private detective? Why/Why not? Read more about passives in A and B on pages 213 and 214 of the Grammar reference. spying on children } Private detectives are (0) being used in increasing numbers to spy on children, according to a new report by the children's harity Chldlook. Investigators (1) hired by anxious parents worried about what their children are up to and who } they might (2) hanging around with. The charity has ¥ expressed concem at the trend, which it says (3) been ¥ caused by the growing lack of communication between parents nd teenagers. In the past, youngsters (4) kept under ose control by their parents,’ said Andrew Hird, a spokesman for Childlook. ‘Now, both parents are often too busy and increasingly they (5) to involve a third person to watch £ over their children.” The report, which will (6) published later today, describes some of the methods used. In some cases, parents 4 J) do you share childlook’s concems about parents hiring private detectives to follow their children? Why/Why not? Tense Example allow their telephones (7) bugged to enable detectives ar to listenin on their children’s conversations. However, since - ¥ most youngsters nowadays have their own mobile phones, Eresenticatindous| | KarelbeyagTeoe 5 this (8) not done as much as it used (9) Present periect| F Instead, teenagers (10) followed and anything Hegal Past simple F or irregular (11) captured on fm. One investigator rae 5 who (12) interviewed for the report said that once - F teenagers had (13) ‘aught, they were reluctant to Eceines pre F repeat their act for fear of (14) subjected to more Infinitive F suneilance. Geund + Whilst these methods are perfectly legal, Andrew Hird said he ‘was ‘alarmed’ by the practice of young people (15) filmed without their knowledge. He said it was ‘an invasion of Privacy’ and urged parents to talk to thelr children first before + resorting to such methods. 127ETD Nothing but the truth Passive constructions with the infinitive Women are often considered to be more sensitive than men. This phrase has the same meaning as: Itis often considered that women are more sensitive than: ‘men. Change the following sentence in the same way: They are believed to have stolen £3 million. It The infinitive (to do) or the perfect infinitive (to have done) can be used after the passive of these verbs; believe consider expect. know say _—_ think Transformations For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the frst sentence, using the word given, Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given, 1 tis forbidden to take cameras into the courtroom. must Cameras. courtroom. into the Further practice: Passives 2 Itis known that Smith broke into several houses. known Smith houses. 3 They do not think he is dangerous, be He dangerous, 4 They'll make you pay a fine if they catch you smoking, into several made You pay a fine if they catch you smoking, 5 | told nobody about our conversation so I'm sure someone ‘tapped my phone. must I told nobody about our conversation so my phone by someone, 6 The lawyer is stil waiting for his client to contact him. contacted The lawyer tis lent yet. © ieead more about this type of passive construction in C ‘on page 214 of the Grammar reference. Complete each of the spaces in the following text with an appropriate active or passive form of the verb in brackets. You may need to use more than one word in each space. Man fined £800 for not clearing his dog’s mess A dog owner (0) _has been ordered (order) to pay arecord £800 after(1)________(let) is pet foul a grass verge within yards of a waste bin. Paul Humphris, 59, who got his black Labrador, Bil, from a rescue centre 13 years ago, (2) (find) guilty of failing to clean up after him. ‘Sue Bell, the association's president, said: ‘hope this case (3)______(send) out a strong message. against dog fouling, but I do feel sorry for the man concerned.’ Mr Humphris, a purchaser from Banbury, said: ‘This is the first time 1(4)__(fine). I cannot believe what has happened. Usually ! (5) __— (put) my dog's mess in one of the council bins. ‘On this particular evening it was freezing cold, wet 128 and raining and I was lazy, ! have to admit thet. But normally people (6) (fine) about £50 for dog fouling.” Cathy Wainwright, the warden who (7)__ __ (catch) Mr Humphris in December, said she was Pleased with the result. The high fine imposed reflects, the severity of the offence and will hopefully serve as a warning to other irresponsible people who @) (not/clean) up after their pets.’ Yesterday the court (9)____ (tell) how ‘Ms Wainwright followed Mr Humphris on foot to his home after seeing him let his dog foul the verge. Soon afterwards Mr Humphris (10)__(invite) to meet Ms Wainwright to discuss the matter, but he declined, claiming he was unhappy about (1) (follow). The case then went to court three times, with Mr Humphris eventually (12) (order) to pay £400 costs as well as @ £400 fine.Nothing but the truth QQ Articles Look at these sentences from the article on page 126. Clearly,my romantic image of the profession needs updating. Not surprisingly, patience is an important asset for anyone doing this kind of work. Obviously, women don't have a monopoly on patience. Each one begins with an adverb which expresses the writer's atlitude to or opinion of what follows. In 1-8 below replace the underlined phrase with an adverb from the box. Astonishingly Interestingly Curiously Personally Happily Sadly Wonryingly Unfortunately 1 Inmyopinion, I think that any form of physical punishment is unacceptable. 2 I'mabsolutely amazed that he was released after only two years in prison. 3 ILis sad that there is a growing trend towards violence in our schools. 4 Iis regrettable that many parents just don't communicate with their children. 5 Is strange that some kidnap victims end up sympathizing with their captors. 6 Jtis of some concem that many drivers still do not wear their seat belts. 7 I's worth noting that most children don't leave home until they get married. 8 I'm pleased to be able to say that this is an exception rather than the rule. @) 2 Read the following Writing Part 2 instructions and discuss with your partner how you might answer the question. You see this announcement in an international magazine: We invite you, our readers, to write an article giving your opinions on: DEALING WITH LITTER Howserious a problem is litter in your area? ‘© What can be done to stop people dropping litter in the street? The best articles answering this question will be published next month. 3. Now read the following article and compare the writer's ideas with those you discussed in exercise 2. A load of rubbish I'm sure the people of Brenton don't drop crisp packets and drink cans on the floor in their own home. So why do so many think it's acceptable to do so on the streets of our town? A walk in the area around the cathedral reveals how serious the problem has become. Liter lines the pavements outside some of our most picturesque buildings, giving tourists a poor impression of the town and its residents. And incredibly, there are sometimes more plastic bags in our parks and playgrounds than there are people, Clearly, something needs 10 be done. ‘More litter bins won't solve the problem ~ there are already plenty of these, but most people ignore them. What we need is an awareness campaign organized by the council encouraging people fo use the bins or take their rubbish home. Also, heavier fines should be imposed on anyone who is caught dropping litler ~ the current maximum of E100 is nol enough. Unfortunately, the council seem reluctant to act. But surely they, more than anyone, want a town they can be proud of, don't they? 129Nothing but the truth 5 How are the writer 4 Read the model answer again and find examples of the following common features of articles: Title Interesting beginning Direct questions Adverbs which express the writer’s attitude or opinion More informal use of linking words Leaving the reader something to think about at the end mene ge ’s ideas organized in the model answer? What information is contained in cach paragraph? Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2: Paragraph 3: Paragraph 4: 6 Read the following Writing Part 2 instructions. You see this announcement in an international magazine: We invite you, our readers, to write an article giving your opinions on: DEALING WITH GRAFFITI How serious a problem is graffiti in your area? © What can be done to stop people covering walls with graffiti? The best articles answering this question will be published next month. Write your article in 120-180 words. ‘© Give your article a title. It may be better ‘ Include the techniques and language to do this after you have written your features you saw in exercise 4. answer. ‘© Do not copy whole phrases from the ‘© Organize your ideas into logical article in exercise 3. paragraphs, 130are) a1 Nothing but the truth QQ Multiple matching =) 1.43-1.47 Have you ever failed to tell the whole truth to your parents? Did they find out? What were the consequences? letters only on You will hear five people talking about how they were ‘economical with the truth’ to their parents. Match the speaker to the correct description in the list A~ There is one extra letter which you do not need to use. *. Use the A property was stolen Speaker 1 g B some money was stolen Speaker 2 € the lie was unnecessary Speaker 3 ! D helping the father brought results Speaker 4 . E the mother found the evidence Speaker 5 « F a telephone call spoiled the fun Language focus 2: Past necessity Compare the use of need by Speakers 1 and 5 in these Practice extracts from the listening. Speaker 1: I needn't have lied after all - 1 found the money in the bottam of my jacket pocket. ‘Speaker 5: I didn’t need to tell lies. | knew how to get round my dad. Which of the following sentences applies to which speaker? a She didn’t fie because she knew it wasn't necessary. She lied but she only realized it wasn't necessary afterwards, © ead more on page 214 of the Grammar reference. £ Complete each of the following spaces using the verb in brackets and the correct form of need. | wrote 250 words in my composition but noticed later that the word limit was only 180. 1 (write) so much, Today's a public holiday so last night 1 (Get) my alarm clock. This moming I got up at 11.30! Last summer | had my head shaved. It was great —1 (go) to the hairdresser’s for ages after | stayed up until midnight lastnight to get my homework finished. 1 (bother) the teacher is off sick today. | was abit concerned that my mum wouldn't like the earrings I bought her, but | (wory) ~ she wears them every day. 131132 Review The passive Complete each of the following spaces with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets. 1 This bank (rob) twice since it opened in January this year, 2 Two men (arrest) yesterday in connection with the theft. nk people who commit acts of vandalism should (make) to pay for the damage they cause. 4 We're getting used io___(burgle): that’s the third time it's happened tous this year, 5 Millions of pounds’ worth of drugs ___ (smuggle) into the country each year. 6 Idon't think he (give) a prison sentence; he'll probably just have to pay a fine. 7 The causes of the fire__(currently/look) into by the police. 8 Lwas shocked when the teacher shouted at Sue. She (neverkell) off before that in her life. Vocabulary Phrasal verbs The following phrasal verbs have appeared cither in this unit or in previous units. In A and B complete each sentence beginning 1-6 with an appropriate ending a-f. The first one has been done for A Phrasal verbs with off and out @The judge let him off a for being rude. 2 He told her off b the truth about him. 3 He was showing off with a fine, 4 Tfound out over something stupid. 5 He gave out € to his classmates. 6 They fell out f the books. B Phrasal verbs with up and away 1 He made up a in the south of England. 2 She owned up b with that noise any more. 3 Igrew up ¢ the whole story. 4 I can't put up with it again, hasn't he? 5 He's got away e by the gun in his car. 6 He was given away £ to doing it. Choose four phrasal verbs from the box below and write an example sentence for each verb you have chosen. split up with set up turn up give up take up bring up come up make up forReview @d Ise of Englis! Multiple-choice cloze ao For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Ex-athlete taken in ... again. The home of (0) __ athlete Helen Barnett was burgled this weekend and a large number af sporting medals and trophies were (1) __, including the five Olympic golds she won in a career spanning three decades, Ms Barnett, who now (2) _a successfull sportswear company, is (3) _ to be ‘devastated’ at the loss. The burglary is believed to have taken (4) __ on Saturday afternoon when Ms Barnett went into her large, two-acre garden in order to investigate smoke coming from a wooded (5) __near her summerhouse. The burglar is thought to have (6) __ fire to undergrowth in order to lure Ms Barnett ‘out of the house, A young man carrying a large bag was seen climbing over a wall bordering the garden (7) _ before the fire brigade arrived. He apparently made his (8) __ in a sports car. ‘The theft (9)__ just ten months after a similar incident in which Ms Barnett was robbed of several items of jewellery. On that (10)___, a man posing as a telephone engineer had (11) __ the exathlete into leaving the house while another helped himself to her jewels. The thieves were eventually caught, and (12)__ to four years in jail. 0 Aecarlier B sooner former D preceding 1 Arobbed B mugged Cpickpocketed —Dstolen + 2 + Aruns B overtakes ‘C works Dholds 3° Aspoken + Bsaid Cfelt Dtold 4 Apart Bhold * C place Dtime 5 Aland Bearth Cground Darea - 6 Amade Boiven Cset D put 7 Ashortly « B firstly tially D previously 8 Arunaway Bagetaway - hideaway D takeaway 9 Acomes B arrives Caives D takes 10 Atime B situation Coceasion D circumstance 11 Asucceeded B managed C tricked D obtained 12. Aimprisoned Bordered Caiven D sentenced Short stories ree You have decided to enter a short-story competition organized by an international young people's magazine. The competition rules say that the story must end with the following words: I swore then that I would never tell another lie as long as | lived. Write your story in 120-180 words. Look again at the ‘ingredients’ of a good «Try to include two or three phrasal verbs. narrative on pages 50 and 51 in Unit 4. 133® What on Earth’s going on? sunshine showers sky sea storm clouds rain wind 134 Vocabulary 1: Weather All the words in each of the groups 1-7 below can be used with one of the nouns in the box to form strong collocations. For each group of words write the noun which ‘can be used in the appropriate space. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 overcast 3 strong 5 6 thick loss clear shy gale-force = ____ storm oe stormy light angry-looking Aviolent 4 warm P 7 light severe = _2 brilliant Swe scattered electric glorious snow 2 fine 5 rough heavy calm Se torrential choppy Study the words in exercise 1 for two minutes. Then cover up the adjectives and see how many you can remember for each noun. Describe the photos above using as many of the adjective + noun collocations as possible. What types of weather do you prefer? Multiple matching Which of the following occur in your country? droughts floods avalanches hurricanes__earthquakes__tornadoes Have you experienced any of these? What was it like? What are the worst weather conditions you have had to endure? You are going to read a magazine article in which people describe their experiences with natural disasters. For questions 1-15, choose from the people (A-D). The people may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order.Whaton Earth's going on? RI Which of the people suggest the following? Dee ies 1 was impressed with how people reacted. 1 S @ Before doing oa for the disaster. Si the matching Preparations were made for the disaster: Z. ‘| task, underine I didn't think it could happen here. B é pee Oe We didn't think we would be in any danger. fr] Gl - 1-15. The experience had a long-lasting effect on me. 6 Disaster had struck in the same place before. 71 é ried unsuccessfully to see it happening. fr * We were without electricity. 9 10) co We were saved by someone's warnings. iM é It has not affected my feelings for the place. We had to hide our real feelings, I slowly became aware of how serious it had been, Teried after the event A David Crossland, 50, was on holiday with his wife, Louise, in the Bahamas when the giant Hurricane Floyd hit New Providence island. ‘We were on holiday on Providence Island last year when Hurricane George was due to hit, but it changed direction. So this year, when Hurricane Floyd was heading towards us, Louise and 1 were convinced it would change course, But a week into our holiday the island was in the direct path of the hurricane and the hotel staff feared the worst. Al of the ground- floor windows and balcony doors in the hotel were boarded up. ‘Atone point I tried to open the balcony door in our bedroom to caich a glimpse of the hurricane but the winds were so strong couldn't move it. All we could do was lie in our bed in the candlelight and wait. When the all clear was given at 2 pm we were able to go out and see the devastation. It was shocking. There were parts of houses, trees and debris everywhere and a tidal wave had destroyed many homes on the island. Such a shame for the island, but hurricanes could never put us off going back there.’ B ‘When Pat Beddows reached 40, she set herself a mountainous challenge in the Himalayas. During the trek disaster struck. “1 set off ina group of 20 from Gangotr,a village at 4,000 metres in the foothills of the Himalayas. As we sat having lunch, we ‘watched huge chunks of ice break away from a glacier, then fatl into the water. Unaware ofthe risk we were taking we climbed down into the glacier to take a closer look. Suddenly, heard a thundering noise and our guide started screaming: "Run! Run! Climb up! A tidal wave of water and ice was heading straight for us.and we scrambled up the rocky slopes to safety. Chunks of ice the size of cars were being thrown into the air barely five metres away. If the guide hadn't shouted at us to get out of the way, the consequences would have been tragic. When we got back to camp we were told that, three years earlier, 16 people had died Reacting to the text > there ina similar incident. I realized how lucky we all were and Thurst into tears.” c Teacher Caroline Casterton, 25, was visiting friends in Istanbul when an earthquake struck. “1 was fast aslecp in my friends’ apartment when the tremor shook. At first if was total confusion. There was a power cut 0 it was pitch black and everything inside the building was shaking and moving, It lasted only 45 seconds but it felt ike an eter was abslitely tering, Forth next four days and Tights lepton the strc with thousands of others and the scale ofthe devastation gradually began to sink in, Yet out of the chaos there was the most incredible sense of camaraderie. Everyone seemed so united and 1 witnessed 50 much courage and kindness. Since that day I have taken far less for granted and [really do feel life is fr living in the present. Now I'm teaching the pupils at my school to be far more aware of the misfortunes of other people.’ D Doug Glenwright, 33, was sitting in his front room in irmingham, England, when he had the shock of his life. “Last week we were watching on the television how tornadoes wrecked Oklahoma, where you'd expect to sce them. Then suddenly last night one of them came down our street. The first I became aware of it was when | saw a dustbin bag come up from the street and fly past the window like a kite. Then branches of trees and all sorts of other debris were pulled up into the air. Telephone lines were knocked down by the hurricane-force winds and the heavy rain caused four fect of flood water in some people's kitchens. Naturally my wife and I were both nervous, but we couldn't, lot the children sce so we laughed and joked our way through it We dct think twas very fanny, hough, when we se te massive hole it had made in out roof’ How do you think you would have felt in each of the situations ie text? Can you remember a time when you were frightened or concern for your safety? 135EID What on Earth’s going on? Language focus 1: Conditionals Real or imaginary? took at the following statement from text B ofthe reading. if the guide hadn't shouted at us to get out of the way, the consequences would have been tragic. Read the following explanation and underline the correct alternatives. In this sentence the speaker is referring to a situation in the presentipastifuture. The situation she describes is imaginary because we know that the guide shoutedididn’t shout at them to get out of the way and that the consequences were/ | were not tragic. B Context 1 Inwhich of the four situations described in the reading do you think each ofthe following were said? Zero conditional: This occurs ifthe ‘plates’ underneath the earth’s surface rub together or pull apart. First conditional: You will be much safer if you stay in the hotel. If we lived in Oklahoma, we would see a lot more of these. ‘Second conditional: Third conditional: if we had known it was going to happen, we would have got out of the building earlier. Mixed conditional: if we had ignored his warnings, we wouldn't be alive today. 2 Identify the verb forms in bold in each of the conditional sentences in exercise 1 € Meaning 1) Match each of the explanations a-e to a conditional sentence in exercise B1. a an imaginary situation in the past b an imaginary situation in the present a possible future situation and its likely result ithe likely present result of an imaginary situation in the past € a scientific fact, or something that is always true (if means whenever) 2. Do the following two sentences refer to past, present or future situations? a If we have another tornado here, we'll sell the house and move to 2 different area. b if we had another tornado here, we'd sell the house and move to a different area. Why are different tenses used in each sentence? What does each sentence tell us about how the speaker views the possibility of the event occurring? + 3 Explain the difference in meaning between the following pairs of sentences. 1a Ifit doesn’t rain tomorrow, we'll go for a picnic b If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we may go for a picnic. 2 a Mit didn’t rain so much, we would all be a lot healthier. _,b Ifitdidn’t rain so much, we might all be a lot healthier, 4a Which of these words and expressions can be used in place of if in the following sentence without changing the meaning? aslongas as faras_ provided providing promising on condition You can watch the film on TV if you help me do the washing up first. bb Which word meaning if not can be used in the following sentence? We'll probably go to the beach tomorrow. it rains. Read more about conditional sentences on page 214 of the Grammar reference. Practice 1. Each of the following sentences contains a mistake, Find the five mistakes and correct them. 1 If'you'd have asked me, | would have lent you some ‘money. 2 Ill give you a ring f I'l find out what time he's ariving, 3 What would you do if she doesn’t come to your party? 4 If | would drink coffee after six in the evening, I can never sleep. 5 If they lose another match, I'd never go to see them play again, 2 Student A: On page 202 you will find the second half of | four conditional sentences. For each one, write three possible beginnings. Example: a If! could speak English fluently, b If! went to live in the capital, ¢ if my ded asked the right people, 1'd get a good job. Student B: On page 200 you will find the first half of four conditional sentences. For each one, write three possible continuations. Example: a I'd probably be married. IF were 10 years older, b I wouldn't have to go to school c I'd be able to vote. Read out the sentence halves you have written and your partner will ry to guess the sentence half you were given. 136Whaton Earth’s going on? Conditionals: Expressing regret The third conditional can be used (o express regrets. For each of the following situations imagine what the person might be thinking. Write a third conditional sentence for each picture. 0 if fd brought my mubrella, 1 2 Lwouldn't have got so wet. Sentence completion {= 2.1 z ©) 1 Which parts of the world suffer hurricanes and earthquakes? How do rescue teams find and save earthquake victims? 2 You will hear part of a radio interview with Paul Murphy, a member of IRC, the International Rescue Corps. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences. Paul Murphy worked with a founder member of the IRC as a 7 In the United Kingdom, the IRC is frequently asked to [ 2 A disaster-struck country usually asks for help from the ai Unlike other rescue agencies, the IRC has its own a All of the members of the IRC are s Apart from the heat, the main problems for Paul in Nicaragua were the and, a The rescue of the woman in Japan took The woman owed her survival to. a 8 She said she felt > In order to prevent loss of life in earthquakes, Paul says that governments should construct a ©) Whar qualities do you think you need to become a member of a rescue team? 137ED What on Earth's going on? 138 Vocabulary 2: Put Phrasal verbs with put Look at this sentence from section A of the reading text ‘Lucky to be alive’ Such a shame for the island, but Inuricanes could never put us off going back there. What is the meaning of put off in this sentence? Choose from the following: A postpone B distract discourage cause to dislike Now mateh the remaining three meanings to each different use of put off in the following sentences. 1 Because of the rain they had to put the cup final off until the following week. 2 Turn the TV down, I'm trying to read and the noise is putting me off. 3 I soon realized that all he ever talked about was football. It put me right off him. In Aand B below, the particle required for the spaces in each of the three sentences is the same. Decide what the missing word is and then choose the appropriate meaning A, Bor C for each of the three phrasal verbs. A 1 11s too quiet for me. Why don't we put the radio_? 2. All the clothes which fitted me last summer are 160 tight for me now. 1 must have put weight. 3 If you're cold, you should put your coat ; A place on your body —_B increase start something working B 1 Don't shout out the answer: If you want to say something, put your hand 2 If they keep putting ___the price of cigareites, I'll have to stop smoking, I just can't afford it. 3 If you want people to come to the concer school to advertise it, Alincrease B fix toawall or board —_€ liftinto the air around the you should put posters Expressions with put Complete the spaces 112 in the following short texts (A-D), using the words in the box. The first one has been done for you. effort night cigarette touch position blame money fect risk book smoking pressure A When Anne first came to London she had nowhere to live so 1 offered to put her up for the (1) uiglt at my house and then help her to lind a flat of her own. The next morning I put her in (2)___ with my friend Richard, who was looking for a flatmate, and she went to see him. Unfortunately, Anne gets through 30 cigarettes a day and I'd forgotten that Richard won't put up with anyone (3)_____ in his flat. He doesn't see why other people should put his health at (4) as well as their own, he always says. When he opened the door and saw Anne there smoking, he told her she'd have to put out her (5)__ before she went in. Needless to say, Anne decided to look elsewhere for accomamodation. B My parents used to put (6)__ on me to study harder. They said I wouldn't get into university if I didn't put more time and (7)____ into my school work.Whaton Earth’s going on? @@il c After a hard day at work I like nothing more than to put my (8) soon as I get in and read a good novel. This particular story is so well written I just can't put the (9) down. D Naturally I was upset. I'd been putting some (10) __aside each week in order to pay for our holiday and during the night someone broke in and stole it. And then the policeman who came had the cheek to put the (11)__ on me; he said it was my fault for leaving such a large amount of cash in the house. I know it was wrong to shout at him, but put yourself in my (12) Tm sure you'd have done the same. Underline the phrases the context. Speaking <> What do you think the picture shows? Who are these people and why are they there? ith put in exercise 1 and try to work out the meaning using Use modal verbs of speculation and the Useful language on page 98 to say what you think: * may have happened + might be happening now * could happen next 139ED What on Earth’s going on? 140 Reading Read the following text about Christiana Tugwell and answer the following questions. What is she protesting agai How does her mother [eel al How is she doing Teenager Christiana Tugwell and a small band of fellow school-age environmentalists have spent the past five months fighting proposals being put forward by the property developer, Countryside Residentials, to build 66 luxury detached houses in an area of woodland. They have received support at their protest camp. from other residents who want to save the wood and the wildlife it contains. They have built a network of underground tunnels, which they will occupy to prevent the developers from starting work. Countryside Residential said it had been careful to preserve wildlife on the site, employing ecologists to do surveys and spending tens of thousands of pounds protecting animal and plant life. e local campaign when local residents were They were writing uncil but this was rder to put more to raise national ‘on the proposed ring-leader and had in me. They weren't jugh and neither was |, but done. to bully somé frig keen on sleeping something had to Reacting to the text > My mum's initial reaction was “you're going to get cold” and “are you sure you want to do this?” After the first week she sent some friends to try to make me come home. They said i'd get into trouble, but | was determined to stay. I even spent three nights at the camp on my own. Even. though she wanted me home, mum was always supportive and even brought us vegetarian sausages. ‘Mum and | don’t always see eye to eye on everything. But we agree that as long as what 1 want to do is not completely stupid, she lets me do it. I'm very stubborn and if | think | can do it, normally | can. I'd never done anything like this before, apart from a few anti-McDonald's demonstrations. Although we both support the campaign, our methods are very different: | believe in direct confrontation but she doesn't. She can't climb trees, dig tunnels or camp out, whereas ican, Her way is to raise awareness by writing leters and distributing leaflets, which alo has its place. ‘She worries about possible violence from the people trying to evict us and so do |, but there won't be any violence on our part: we are pacifists. | don’t want to worry her, but stopping the development is more important.’ What is more important: defending woodland for wildlife or building houses? Christiana says she is a pacifist. Do you think violence can ever be j way of protesting? stified as a She says she has taken part in anti-McDonald’s demonstrations. What do you think were her reasons?Whaton Earth's going on? Language focus 2: So, neither and nor 1. Look at the ways in whi feelings, behaviour or a ©D check the formation of so, neither and nor phrases on pages 214 and 215 of the Grammar reference. 2 lich Christiana expresses how people’? a Match each statement 1-8 with a reply a-h. bilities are the same or different. Anica 1m not very interested in pois ‘a Sowould|. They weren't keen on sleeping rough and neither wast. 3 apart ‘to play chess. ‘ — a She wories bout posible violence from the people trying | 3 ash nh ide sien va well {Nee ae to evict us and so do I. Pe deinasaviieecae Marae b Different 5 I'd like to go fora drink now. £ Nor did |. I believe in direct confrontation but she doesn’t. 6 ve never been windsurfing. 9g So are we. She can't dimb trees, dig tunnels or comp out, whereas! _ 7 really enjoy going forlong walks Neither have. on. | 8 My favourite TV programme When is neither or so used? is Erlends’ iow Gojyou decide, wach uniany vet MOUSE? Change the underlined part of each statement 1-8 to make sentences that ae tre for you. ¢ > Read out the sentences you wrote in b. Respond to your partner using so, neither and nor. Fe Each year, (0) _on _ globe celebrate Worl @) coordinates Union and the United Nations, aims (3) our dependence on private cars. Streets are closed to traffic and opened instead to street parties, theatre, bicycle demonstrations or outdoor cafés, in (4) to show people what their city might look ‘one hundred mitlion celebrations, (7) The hope of the organisers is that the initiative will serve as a catalyst and lead to more permanent changes (8) encourage more envi ©) 5 walking, increasing global car used to the benefits of private transport, sceptics of the event say the battle is already lost. itis unlikely we will se at least begin to change their habits and leave their car at home more often. Open cloze You are going to read a text about World Carfrce Day. What do you think happens on this day and why? Read the text through quite quickly, ignoring the gaps. Compare what it says with your own ideas in exercise 1. World Carfree Day September 22%, people in over 1,500 cities in 40 countries around the annual event, which id Carfree Day. (1) xd by the World Car Network in Prague and supported by the European raise awareness of the problems caused by like (5) ‘there were fewer or no cars. Over people are believed to take (6) in the ‘this figure is difficult to verify. will promote and ironmentally friendly alternatives to the car, cycling and public transport. (10) with production and a world which (11) grown One can only hope they are wrong, and even if ee cities (12) any cars at all, people may Read the text again and for questions 1-12, think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0) What to expect in the exam ‘© The Open cloze task focuses mainly vocabulary may be tested (eg question 6 ‘on grammar (see page 80). However, above). ‘occasionally your knowledge of Do people in your country celebrate World Carfree Day? If so, how successful is it? How dependent are you and your family on the car? 141What on Earth's going on? Collaborative task > FCE Part ' dropping liter dumping waste nature reserve endangered species unleaded petrol global warming exhaust fumes cigaretie butts oil slick greenhouse effect plastic containers bottle bank CI 2 te ‘© Appropriate use of some of the vocabulary from exercise 1 would impress the examiners. One vocabulary item has been given for each of the six categories below. Add twé more items from the box to each category. Recycling Keeping cities clean River and sea pollution recycled paper dog mess toxic effluent ‘Traffic pollution Climate change Animal welfare carbon monoxide rising sea levels facing extinction 1g Speaking Part 3 instructions. Imagine that you belong to an environmental group and you want to inform people of current environmental ‘© When commenting on your partner opinions problems. Talk with your partner and decide which you can use s0, neither or nor and the three categories are the most important for your local language you saw on page 123 of Unit 10 for area. Then discuss what ordinary people can do to help. agreeing and disagreeing. 142 Essays Your class has been doing a project on the environment. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay about the following statement: Nothing can be done to save the environment. ‘You should state whether you agree or disagree with this statement, explai reasons clearly. # Decide whether you agree or disagree with words is 180, so you will oly be able to 1g your the statement ‘write about two or three of the isues. ‘© Use the categories in the speaking activity © Look at the information on pages 102 and and make notes under some of them. 103 of Unit 8 and write a plan. ‘@ Remember that the maximum number of __@ ‘Use appropriate linking devices. Now write your essay. You should write between 120 and 180 words.Whaton Earth's going on? @@iI Listening 2: Multiple choice =) 2.2-2.9 —_ You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer, A, B or C. What to expect in the exam ‘© In Unit 4 you saw how contrast linkers such @ Look at question 1, together with the as although, whereas and but, as well as tapescript and choose the best answer. ‘other words and expressions, can be used to Which structure is used to create distractors?, create distractors in listening exercises. ‘Which words help you to choose the answer? 1 You hear a man talking about a new fire station that has just been built. Where was it built? A in the city centre B in the countryside CC on the outskirts of the city Tapescript T really can't understand why they put it all the way out there. They maintained that if they'd built it in the heart of the city there would have been problems getting out to fires itu the rural areas. Too far and too nuich traffic, they said. But that's exactly wy it would have made more sense to build it in the centre instead of on the edge. You know, it takes 4 fire engine nearly 20 miruutes to get from that suburb to the other side of the city. Now do questions 2-8 below. In questions 2, 3 and 4 you will hear conditional sentences, These are used to create distractors as in question | above. 2. Listen to this man speaking. 6 You are listening to the radio when Who is he? you hear the following being read. Aa shopkeeper What is it? Ba town councillor A astory € a local resident B anows report 3. You hear an environmentalist (Chayyresitien forecast speaking on the radio about a recent 7 You overhear this conversation project. How does she feel? between a man and his neighbour: A pessimistic What is he doing? B disappointed A asking for help C pleased B apologizing 4 You overhear this woman talking € complaining to her friend about her holiday. 8 You hear Brian talking about a recent Why did she enjoy it? environmental disaster. What is he A She liked the beaches. going to do? B There wasn't much traffic. A help clean up C There weren't many people. B take part in a protest demonstration 5) Youlfieantalconvetestion\Deiweon, C write to his Member of Parliament two people. What is the relationship between them? A They are married. B They are teachers in the same school. © They are neighbours. 143wy Review ) 144 Vocabulary Weather Match the adjectives 1-3 with the nouns a-d to make appropriate adjective + noun collocations. Each adjective may be used with more than one noun. 1 light a storm 2 heavy b wind 3 strong ¢ showers d rain Add an appropriate noun from the box to each of the adjectives 1-10 below. The first one has been done for you. sea sky wave showers storm vain clouds breeze sunshine wind 1 gentle breeze 6 brilliant 2. angry-looking 7 overcast 3 rough 8 tidal 4 torrenti 9 violent 5 scattered 10 gale-force Put ‘Complete each of the spaces in sentences 1-6 with one of the words from the box. in down off out up __on 1 This is a great book. I just can't put it 2 I'm afraid you'll have to put 3. When I'm next in London, could you put me your cigarette. This is a non-smoking area. for the night? 4 Could you put the radio 2 L want to listen to the news. 5 My bank manager put me touch with a very good accountant. 6 Never put until tomorrow what you can do today. Conditional sentences Complete the spaces in the following sentences with the appropriate form of the verb in brackets. 1 If the weather (stay) good next weekend, we __ (probably/go) away somewhere. 2 Why didn't you phone us? IfI1_______ (know) you were coming, i (could/prepare) something special to eat: 3 Absolutely no way!{_________(not/do) a bungee jump even if you _ —__ (pay) me. 4 [thought this might happen. If you (take) my advice, you (not/be) in this mess now. 5 Ifyou eve (do) that again, I (make) you pay for 6 That was very kind of you. I don't know what I (do) if you ___ {nothelp) me, TIfl (be) at home on Sunday afternoon, 1 (always/watch) the film on telly. 81 (go) to the cinema more often if 1 ___ (have) the time, but unfortunately it's just not possible.4 Review qi Use of English: Transformations co Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1 Its too wet to play tennis today. if We could play tennis wet today. 2 Is. good thing I spoke to you or I would have forgotten her birthday. if I would have forgotien her birthday 3 Tonly wrote the letter because my mother made me do it. not If my mother hadn't made me do it, the letter, 4 Iwill help you only if you tidy your room. not Twill tidy your room. 5 I got soaking wet because I forgot to take my umbrella with me. remembered If got soaking wet. 6 Some people say that giving up smoking causes your weight to increase. you Some people say that if you 7 Ive had enough of the neighbours’ noise. put Trefuse the neighbours’ noise any more. 8 The factory fumes are endangering the health of local residents. put The health of local residents fumes. 9 Teat meat, but it has to be well cooked. provided Teat meat well cooked. 10 You can borrow it, but you must give it back next week. long You can borrow it it back next week, to you. my umbrella with me, I wouldn't have on weight. risk by the factory Formal letters You are a member of an environmental group. Last weekend you attended a demonstration against a proposed by-pass for the town of Oldbury. You have just seen a newspaper report about the event, which is incorrect. Read the newspaper report below, together with your own comments. Then write to the editor, correcting the errors and asking the newspaper to send a reporter to interview you. Write your letter in 120-150 words. DEMONSTRATION LEADS 1 dpaval or ponte PEMGNESRS TON LEADS Csr cmc tom string ee Last weekend police arrested six work. A small group of protesters sat_|_ "Skt and the demonstrators who were protesting ‘the road and chanted slogans at | _— “#mmstrntion destruction ‘against the building of a by-pass for Workers and police, blocking access of woodland! Oldbury, The protesters claim that to the site. A spokesman for the the construction of the road will lead Council said that the ‘troublemakers’ vat true — 1. to the extinction of a rare species of were all unemployed youngsters from | sig revere loco! = Ghar parts of te coun, who Ted a Sat 20 pone eatwesen tng beter Cowan on 145P Looking after yourself Speaking <-> Compare what these two people eat. Who do you think eats more healthily? Does their diet tell you anything about their lifestyle? What does ‘a balanced diet’ consist of? How well does this term describe what you eat? What are the advantages and disadvantages of fast food? Language focus 1: Countable and uncountable nouns A 1 The word plate is usually countable: we can saya plate, ‘two | 2 The word bread can be made countable by saying'a loaf plates, ‘three plates’ and so on. cof breac! or ‘two slices of bread’. Write the following ; swe say bread! or. wtcountable nouns next to an appropriate expression to The word brad is usally uncountable: we sy read’ or make them countable. Some ofthe nouns can be used with : : more than one expression Decide which ofthe following words are countable, and which are uncountable. Some of them can be both countable ! [sugar cheese jam milk toast and uncountable. How does this affect the meaning? cake spaghetti salt chocolate ik diet chicken health chip 1 apiece of chocolate meal pepper spaghetti cake 2 aslice of 3 aplate of 4 a teaspoonful of 5 apinch of. 6 abar of 7 ajar of 8 acarton of EP QB’ see page 216 of the Grammar reference. 146Lookingafter yourself Multiple matching = 2.10-2.14 cam @O) 1 Have you ever been on a diet? ‘What type of diet was it? How effective was it? TG ELITTS 2 You will hear five people talking about food and dieting. For eee sa cara oe rari oats einr aes peers @ Underline the key words about the subject. Use the letters only once. There is one extra in each of the six different letter which you do not need to use. ‘statements. This helps you to ere {A [follow the advice given in books. Speaker | similar to each other? B Onc form of dieting was too expensive. Speaker 2 « sten carefully both times C Tused to feel under pressure to lose weight. Speaker 3 oer Yn cece D have never been on a diet. Speaker 4[__] says, Then make your final K econ E Ihad to change my cating habits. Speaker 5 F I don't follow all the advice I am given. @) 3 The last woman said: We are constantly under attack from advertising and the media, who tell us that ‘thin is beautiful’. To what extent is this the case in your country? What are the dangers of dieting? Language focus 2: Countable and uncountable nouns B ‘Why does the woman say ‘Just a few’ and not ‘Just alittle’? | And now if | get hungry between meals, | have a f) cheese or g) ‘ts, ust to fill the hole. The following sentences are all from the listening activity. H Speaker 3 Complete each of the spaces with one of the words from the box. Some words will be used more than once and more! ne Lats beet op tte clase nano ere Oe se rea Ss As long as you eat sweet things after a meal, then there's litle few much many some any no |: j)______ problem. deal number piece lot _ plenty _several ‘only ever eat chocolates after lunch or dinner. And never too k) of course — just one or two. Speaker 1 sana ray nk aon I ernotiode ita) saltand Rens, balanced it: of fresh frit and pepper for about seven days without b) food. agetabls,.. m) aamresof rial ldoy ol | wasn't eaming a great c) ‘of money and simply : ny snacks between meals. couldn't afford to keep it up. il Gans Speaker 2 , E Alarge 0) of people follow diets, but very | used to eat ad) of junk food. a) ‘of them are happier as a result. late very e) fresh food and this had a serious I don't pay q). attention to what others think effect on my health. P orsay. 147Looking after yourself Multiple matching k cach day? 1g water? What do you think the effects of not drinking How much water do you dr What are the benefits of drin| enough are? 2 You are going to read a newspaper article about the importance of drinking water. For questions 1-15, choose from the paragraphs (A-E). The paragraphs may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. Which paragraphs mention the following? the effects of excessive water consumption a local scheme to improve water provision the effects of dehydration on appearance evidence of improved brain activity the recommended daily intake of water a denial that any problem exists harmful alternatives to water free gifts 10 encourage the drinking of water, a survey result revealing how few of us drink enough water the improbability of a particular health problem occurring a general lack of awareness of the full extent of the dangers [1 difficulty in implementing a national scheme informing people of the need to drink water BEPRESFSER BR 1.4] Gs) Waters are you drinking enough? Drinking water can protect your health, improve your concentration and even prevent depression. Kate Hilpern reports on the dangers of dehydration. A Practically the only time I drink water B One recent pall suggests that only one is when I'm working out at the gym and in 10 of us drinks the right amount can feet my body crying out for it. Like to meet the bodys needs. And it's nillions of people, the rest of the time not only adults who are affected. A I prefer some flavour to my beverage. quarter of children drink no water Insufficient consumption of water is a during the school day and their serious problem, according to scientists, performance is affected as a result, who claim that anyone drinking less than Indeed, thirst can cause mental eight glasses of pure water per day is at performance to drop by at least tisk of dehydration. The consequences, 410 per cent. Studies of primary they say, include poor performance at schools have found that test work, depression, allergies and even some results significantly improve cancers. Adding to the problem of getting when pupils are encouraged this message across to the public is the to drink water throughout fact that recent studies show drinking the day. There are also risks too much water can also jeopardize your of longer-term damage, health, causing ‘acute water intoxication’ with paediatricians treating Salt in the blood is diluted, depriving the increasing numbers of brain, heart and muscles of the amounts children with bladder and they need to function properly. But, kidney problems relating to according to Dr Wendy Doyle of the British dehydration. Dietetic Association, ‘t's very unlikely to happen except in the most extreme circumstances! 148€ Fizzy drinks are four and a half times more popular than water among children, it seems. ‘But soft drinks, including fizzy drinks and fruit Juices, contain high levels of sugar’ says Barrie ‘Clarke of Water UK, the umbrella organization for water suppliers. This means they are absorbed much more slowly than water so they don't hydrate the brain as quickly: Really high sugar drinks cause a rapid rise in blood sugar level, followed by a sudden dip, which can cause lack of concentration, he adds. ‘Most people know that drinking water is good for you but few realise the huge range of risks that can affect us every day, including lack of concentration, fatigue and irritability: Then there's your vanity to think of. Lack of water leads to dry and tired looking skin as well as ageing. D Recognizing that dehydration is a major health issue, primary schools in one region are taking action by providing water coolers. ‘One of the ‘major reasons seemed to be that, as in schools nationwide, the only water provided was through water fountains situated in the toilets. Many didn’t work very well and the water was very often not that cold; explained Jackie Abusin of the ‘Cool Schools’ campaign. For every cooler installed in a school, the regional water authority Reacting to the text > Looking after yourself gives away refillable water bottles which children can take into classes with them. There i stil a lot cf work to be done around explaining to teachers about the importance of drinking water’ said Abusin. *So part of our campaign is getting them not onty to allow children to have water bottles on their desks, but to encourage them to drink from them before ‘they get thirsty! E But what about adults? Water fountains in public places, as in schools, often offer nothing but a dribble of tepid water and appear less than hygienic. Water UK is currently working with shopping centres and public parks, among other places, to address the problem nationwide, but admits it is a slow process. Clarke is also working with the Institute of Directors, as welt as individual employers, to persuade offices to provide water coolers for their employees. ‘We're trying to get the message across that it’s not an act of generosity, but that it's in their business interests as dehydrated employees are unproductive! Not everyone agrees with the current panic, however. Dr Doyle believes that most forms of fluid are as good as water and that most of us get enough of it anyway. “Let's not forget that food contains a lot of water, According to research, a quarter of the water we need to replace in our bodies each day comes from food’ How much importance is attached to drinking water in your country? How effective would campaigns such as those described in the last (wo paragraphs be? What other measures might usefully be introduced? Language focus 3: Reported speech Look at the following example from the text, together with the reported speech version. What change is made to the verb when itis reported? Direct speech: ‘There is still alot of work to be done,’ said Abusin. Reported speech: Abusin said there was still alot of work to be done. Under what circumstances would the following reported speech version be possible? Abusin said there is still a lot of work to be done. Complete the columns below to show how verb tenses and other words and expressions can change in reported speech. Direct speech Reported speech a ‘We're meeting her ___ They said they _were. tomorrow! meeting. her the next day, b ‘Tveseen himtwice ___ She said she today’ im twice day. € 'She's been living —__He told me she here for years’ living for years. d ‘ispoketoherlast —_, He said he week.’ toher week. @ ‘Iwas working _, He told me he yesterday’ working before. f ‘We'd asked her They said they several times’ ~ her several times. £3 Name the tense in each sentence in exercise 2 E Example: a present continuous — past continuous £4 What happens to the modal verbs will, may, can and must in reported speech? What happens to would, might, could, should and ought to? 5. What happens to these time expressions in reported speech? ! twodaysago next month _ tonight this morning now ©. check your ideas on page 215 of the Grammar reference. 6 C)wiite down at least five things that different people have said recently. Then report the different statements to the class using reported speech, 149Looking after yourself Talking about photos <> r Look at the photographs, which show people eating in different places. Student A: Compare photographs | and 2 and say how you think the people are feeling in each of them, Student B: When your partner has situations like this. hed, say whether you have eaten in Now change roles. Follow the instructions above using photographs 3 & 4. Language focus 4: Reporting verbs 1. Look at these different ways of reporting what people say: a ‘I'l get you a drink,’ said Jan to Tom. Jan told Tom she would get him a drink. Jan offered to get Tom a drink. "You should go and see a doctor’ said Ti Tim said | should go and see a doctor. Tim advised me to go and see a doctor. 2. Which of the following verbs follow the same pattern as advise (verb + object + infinitive) and which are like offer (verb + infinitive)? order urge refuse threaten persuade warn tell remind ask promise encourage recommend 3 Report the following sentences using an appropriate verb from exercise 2. There is an example (0) at the beginning, (0 ‘Til give you the £5 back next week,’ he told her. He promised to give her the £5 back the following week, 1. ‘I'm not going to clean my room!" she said. See a 2. ‘Don't forget to take your sandwiches, John,’ said his father. John’s father 3. ‘Ifyou don’t tum your music down, Ill call the police’ said my neighbour. My neighbour 4. “Don't take theca out The roads are very ig’ sider friend, Her friend 6 "You really ought to report the theft to the pol friend told me. My friend Look at the following structures which can follow the verb, recommend. The doctor recommended me to do exercise. The doctor recommended (that) 1 (should) do exercise. The doctor recommended doing exercise. Which structure is not possible with the verb suggest? ©) Wuork with a partner. You each have various problems and you would like your partner's suggestions and advice. Student A should turn to page 200 and Student B should turn to page 202 to find out what your problems are. 150Lookingafter yourself Use of English 1;) Multiple-choice cloze [a7] Apart from dieting, what other ways do you know of controlling weight? Read through the following text, ignoring the spaces for the moment, and answer the following questions. What does the ‘alternative diet’ consist of? How effective is it? For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). An alternative diet Karaoke enthusiasts can now enjoy their sometimes nervous (0) __ safe in the knowledge that they are at least losing some weight. Thanks to Tokyo-based Daiichikosho, which sells and (1) out karaoke equipment, karaoke machines can now (2) how many calories the singer has, burnt while singing the song. (3) 40,000 users of its karaoke song- broadcasting service throughout Japan have now (4) up for the company’s ‘Karaoke diet’. Such factors as the volume and pitch of the singer's voice and the tempo and length of the song were (5) into consideration before assigning calorie burning values to more than 1,000 favourite tunes. ‘Naturally, the longer and livelier one sings, the (6) calories are burned,’ said a company spokesman. q) ‘to Daiichikosho, the Beatles’ Let /t Be burns up 11.4 kcal; but for those (8) shedding a little more weight, a rendition of Frank Sinatra's classic My Way will (9) in the loss of 15.6 kcal. An average man will burn up approximately 81 kilocalories (10) a ten-minute walk, suggesting that karaoke may not be the ideal weight loss programme. In fact, indulging in karaoke (literally ‘empty orchestra’) can be counterproductive to any diet as the singing of such songs usually (11) a drink ~ causing the singer to (12) back on the same calories they may have just lost. 0A performances 8 representations C productions _D realizations 1 A borrows B hires hands D spends 2A tum up B come across € putdown ——D_work out 3 A Over B Several © Many D Various 4 A gone B taken € signed D registered 5 A taken B brought C held D put 6 A most B other ‘C many D more 7 A Regarding B Concerning C Believing D According 8 A enthusiastic —_B interested C keen D concerned 9 A lead B cause C provide D result 10 A during B while C meanwhile D until 11 A requires B requests C asks for D wants 12 A bring B place ¢ put D get 151Looking after yourself t The aim 45. a Several younger parenis agreed that a Family restaurani should have nappy: changing facilities, Many of those under 16, on the other hand, felt that a non- smoking area was an important feature. pa es Mos! parents expected to see a wide range of dishes on the menu, calering for all ages and tastes, Understandably, price is a significant per cent of those in preferred restauranis which offered cheaper children's portions. Fi ae ee Not surprisingly, over 90 per cent of those under 12 wanted chips with everything, whereas a large number of teenagers thought that a visit to a restaurant was an ideal opportunity to ry new dishes. a As a result of the survey, I would recommend that the offer reduced prices T also suggest exten include meals which young children. 152 fhis report is to show what different family members expect @ restaurant, The report is ‘survey of 50 people aged belween 8 and Reports Read the following Writing Part 2 instructions. What would you recommend the manager should do? You have a part-time job in a restaurant. The manager wants to make the restaurant more popular with families and has asked you to carry oul a survey among people of various ages and write a report. Write your report in 120-180 words'summarizing the findings of your survey and making one or two recommendations of your own. Read the mode! answer and give each section a heading. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. A What their children want to eat. Most popular dishes B Further recommendations E Parents’ views on food C Introduction F Faci Ss Who is the target reader and what style has the writer used? t from ised On & # factor and 80 ierviewed said they restaurant should _ large families. ling the menu to are suitable forLookingafter yourself 4 Find examples of: a words and expressions used with countable and uncountable nouns cog Several younger parents b reported speech Which verbs are used to introduce the reported speech? eg agreed! © making recommendations Which two verbs are used? 5. Find words or phrases which are used to: a introduce the report eg Iwas asked to write a report on... b contrast ideas eg However, © comment on the findings cg Interestingly, 6 Read the following Writing Part 2 instructions. {As part of your town’s cultural exchange programme, a group of foreign students will be visiting your area for two weeks. You have been asked to write a report for the group leader about regional and/or national dishes. You should give information about what the students can expect to eat in your area and comment on the popularity of the different dishes with young people. 7 Before you do the task consider this possible plan, Introduction: Explain the purpose of your report and how you obtained the information contained in it. Most popular dishes: Briefly describe at least two dishes and mention how popular they are with young people. Give reasons if appropriate. Least popular dishes: Give examples and say why they are not popular: Recommendation: Recommend your favourite regional and/or national food. Look at the Wordlist on page 205 for useful vocabulary. 8 Who is the target reader? What style will you use for the report? Look at page 202 to sce how an English person answered the question. Now you are ready to write your report in 120-180 words. Language focus 5: Reported questions Look at these examples of reported questions from the person who wrate the report on the opposite page. Write down the original cirect questions that were asked, £3. Report the following questions which the interviewer asked, “What type of food do you expect to see on the menu?” J asked everyone 1 asked everyone what facilities a family restaurant should have ‘What SS 2 tasked them whether they thought it was important to have a nan-smoking area, “How important is the price of the food?” asked parents “Do you always eat the same things when you go to a festaurant?’ asked teenagers 2 ‘What changes are made to direct questions when we report them? Consider the following: ——E “What other things would you fike a restaurant to offer?" * verb tenses J asked everyone © yesino questions * word order ‘+ auxiliary verbs do, does, did ©BD cheek your answers on pages 215 and 216 of the Grammar reference. 153Looking after yourself Vocabulary: Health matters 1 In parts A and B below complete the spaces with one of the words from the box. A[_ car stomach ese heart __ blood 0 Ifyou get a... nose bleed, pinch it with two fingers until it stops. 1 She'll have a... attack when she sees what you've done! 2 Of course he has ache. He ate far too many cream cakes. 3 With such high... pressure you should eat less salt. 4 She's got a bad. infection so she can't come swimming. B [ankle nose _cye __ throat 1 That’sa nasty... black Did somebody hit you? 2 She's gota very... sore + She can hardly speak. 3 You've got a... runny + Would you like a handkerchief? 4 Its justa badly... sprained + You haven't broken anything. 2 Cover up the words on the right in exercises 1A and B. How many can you remember? Now cover up the words on the left. Can you remember more the second time? 3 Choose the correct alternative in each sentence. 1 My father wrapped a bandage/band round my sprained wrist, 2 You've cut your finger. You should put a plaster/plaster on it. 3 The doctor gave me a receiptiprescription for a course of antibiotics. 4 When I broke my arm, I had it ina plaster/plaster for about five weeks. 5 The nurse gave him an infusion/injection in his arm to help him sleep. When was the last time you were ill? Do you often have accidents? What about when you were younger? Which of the condition: in exercise 1 have you suffered? Word formation: Noun suffixes 1 Use the examples in A to help you complete the appropriate noun forms in B. A Verb Noun improve improvement infect infection B treat prescribe Adjective Noun sore soreness sensitive sensitivity weak severe 2 Write the noun form of the following verbs and adjectives. Use the suflixes -ion, -ity, -ment, -ness, -ance and -ence Verbs Nouns Adjectives | Nouns amuse important decide fit appear sincere ny entertain happy mene explain I secure perform | |_| evident imagine | |_| careless develop original 3 Mark the stress on the verbs, adjectives and nouns in exercise 2. 154Lookingafter yourself Use of English 2:) Word formation For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word giver of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. Aknee injury My brother hurt his knee in a skiing (1) recently. He didn’t COMPETE think it was serious at the time but it soon began to affect his(2)_______ ABLE to walk properly and he complained of (3)__in his leg. It slowly got STIFF worse and he eventually had to go into hospital for an (4)__. He's OPERATE resting at home now and the doctors say that in the (5)____of cases MAJOR like this, as long as there are no (6)___, people are able to resume COMPLICATE their normal (7) within a few weeks. They gave him a few gentle ACTIVE exercises to do and he’s already beginning to notice an (8) Pi IMPROVE Sudden (9) obviously have to be avoided and he often complains MOVE of (10)__, but he'll be as right as rain soon. TIRE Letters: Giving information n Read the following Writing Part 1 instructions. You have received a letter from you health spa. Read his letter and an advertisement f¢ made some notes. Then write a letter to Trevor, using all your notes. Write your letter in 120-150 words in an appropriate style. Do not These exams Ive lft me Ring existe. 1 ew tk ‘any postal addresses fist year when you tet toc alt such «bid ide ne What were the faci inthe place you wet to? ‘My iain weorry is that Light get bored. Cou foie what there is to do there dud whiter you cjg it? yi” Tae mien tan yew seen All the best, Teor Betta Vista HEALTH SPA 4-star accommodation set in Regain your health with the help ‘spectacular mountain scenery of our excellent facilities and fully. lovely walls: —————_, qualified staff y or your entertainment: Sata = Games room “© Saunas and jacuzzls a * Cinema ‘+ Outdoor thermal pool + Full programme of evening * * Fitness gym ae tes » Vegetatian food a goo, bat eximples in capitals at the end = twat it doesn’t seen 3 isd foul like let me nk td end, Trevor, asking for information about a the health spa, on which you have 155Use of Englis! re 156 Open cloze For questions 1-12, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Usc only one word in each gap. Here is an example (0). Roast ghost New Zealander Kay Martin got the fright of (0) _her_ life a (1) weeks ago. According to the Auckland Sunday Star, she and a friend were chatting over a drink (2)___ they heard a chicken squawking. They came (3) ____ the conclusion that it (4)____ escaped from a neighbour's garden and they went outside to catch it, But there were (5) __ chickens anywhere. Then Kay realised with horror that the sound was coming from (6) __ own kitchen. = coming, in fact, from the oven, (7)____she had put a chicken to roast half an hour carlier: ‘It was (8) __if it was calling to me from its grave,’ she said. ‘I was (9) amazed I couldn't speak.’ As they approached, the squawking noise reached a crescendo. They removed the tray from the oven, and as the chicken began to cool, the squawking died away. Ms Martin chopped the neck (10) ____and threw it in the sink. She noticed that the vocal chords were (11) ____ perfect condition. ‘Steam was coming up the neck from the stuffing inside the chicken,’ she said, ‘and this had caused the dead bird to squawk.’ She has (12) ___ eaten any chicken since. Transformations For questions 1-8 complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given, 1 ‘Did you buy a bandage, Roy?’ asked Graham. he Graham asked a bandage. 2 His condition improved so rapidly he went home four days after the operation. such There four days after the operation. 3 ‘Twouldn't go to that restaurant if I were you, Matt,’ I said. in his condition he went home advised Toto that restaurant. 4 I'm amazed by how much English he knows. of His mee 5 ‘Can you swim, Sarah?’ asked her teach her Sarah's teacher asked to sir, 6 ‘TIll drive you to the station, Dawn,’ he said. offered He a lift to the station. 7 ‘There'll be very few people at the par not She told Roger there people at the parry: 8 ‘Let's cat out tomorrow,’ said Chris. suggested Chris day. he told Roger.Use of Eng! (aT Review Vocabulary: Health matters Complete each of the following collocations by writing an appropriate part of the body in each of the spaces. 1 ablack 5 an infection 2 asore 6a bleed 3 asprained Ja attack 4 arunny 8a ache Word formation For questions 1-7 use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a noun that fits in the gap in the sentence. In each case a different suffix from the box is required to form the noun. There is an example at the beginning (0). “ment -ily jon _-ness ship ence ance -or 0 Alexander Graham Bell, the _inventor_ of the telephone, was born in Edinburgh in 1847. INVENT 1 itis our to speak which makes us so different from other mammals. ABLE 2 Juliet had not been getting on well with her boyfriend, so she decided to end > _.- RELATE 3 I wouldn't have the___ to go fishing; I'd hate the idea of sitting there all day PATIENT waiting for something to happen. 4 The couple next door had another __ last night; we could hear them shouting ARGUE at each ather. 5 Russell Crowe gave an impressive as a gladiator in the film of the same name. PERFORM 6 He could not hide his feeling of great______at the death of his dog, Georgia. SAD 7 She told the teacher that someone had stolen her book, but he didn't believe her 1 second-hand shabby trendy 2 talented session rock 3 handy laboursaving useful 4 horror action science-fiction EXPLAIN Collocation revision: Units 1-12 In each of the spaces below write one word which collocates with all three of the other words. The question numbers also refer to the relevant units of the book where the words you require appeared. If you can’t think of a word, look at the contents map on pages ji and iii. The topic areas will give you a clue. 5. challenging 9 a piercing scream monotonous annervous laugh badly-paid a broad smile 6 flowing 10 death shoulderlength life spiky two-year prison 7 prosperous 11 strong bustling ——____ gale-force run-down light 8 business 12 fast day junk weekend fresh Use other collocations from the first 12 units of the book to help you create your own exercise. Write three words or expressions which can all be used with the same verb the same way as the exercise in 1 above. Write four examples like this for another student to complete. 157CET eh Colg 158 Listening Part 1: Multiple choice Part 1 contains eight short unrelated extracts with multiple choice questions. In each extract you will hear either a monologue or a conversation between two or more people. There are several different types of questions which test your ability to understand, for example, the general idea or main points of the extract, what peoples opinions are, how they feel, where they are or who they are speaking to Predicting In all parts of the listening paper it is important to use the questions to help you predict what you will hear. This will then help you in your understanding of what you actually do hear. Look at this question from Part 1: 1 You are on a bus and you overhear a conversation between two women. ‘What has one of the women just bought? Aa blouse Baskirt C adress Discuss the similarities and differences between each of the three options. Example: 1 Both a skirt and a dress are worn over the lower part of the body, whereas a blouse is not. Distractors ‘Simply hearing the same word or phrase which is in one of the alternatives will not guarantee that you have found the right answer. These words could be distractors. Read the following tapescript for question 1 above. What is the answer? Woman 1: That's lovely. Celebrating something, are you? ‘Woman 2: Yes, well, my nephew's getting married next week, so I needed something a bit special. It's pure silk, you know. Woman 1: Yes, I can see that. Must have cost a fortune! Woman 2: Not really. Cheaper than getting a dress, that’s for sure, and I'l probably wear it a lot more, too. It'll go really well with a skirt [ bought last week. ‘The sleeves are a bit short, but if I wear a jacket over it, no one'll notice. Which key words and expressions helped you decide on the answer? Which are used to create distractors? Listening @P 2.15-2.21 You will hear people talking in seven more situations. For questions 2-8, choose the best answer, A, B or C. What to expect in the exam tL ‘© In Part 1, you will hear the questions being read out before each extract. As you listen to the question consider the similarities and differences between each alternative and try to predict ‘what you might hear.2 You hear part of a sports commentary on the radio. What sport is it? A tennis B basketball € football 3 Listen to this man on the telephone. __ Who is he phoning? Aafriend B his doctor C his boss. 4 Listen to this man and woman speaking. Where are they? Ainacinema B ina restaurant Cathome . 5 You hear this woman telling her friend about a restaurant. ‘What does she say about it? A The waiters were rude, B The food was badly cooked. € It was too formal. Ready for Listening 6 You hear a woman talking (o her husband in a supermarket. How does she feel? A confused B annoyed C disappointed 7 You hear this man talking to his friend on the phone about a day trip 10 London. What is he going to do at the end of the day? A stay ina hotel B stay at his friend's house C travel back home 8 You hear this man talking. Who is he? Aa policeman Ba social worker Cateacher Part 2: Sentence completion @) 2.22 Look at the statements 1-8 about Part 2 of the listening paper and decide which are ‘True and which are False. If a statement is false, give reasons for your answer. 1 You only hear the Part 2 recording once. 2 You have 45 seconds to read through the questions. 3 You should use this time to predict the type of information which is missing from each space. 4 You have to write between three and five words in each space. 5 You have to rephrase the words you hear so that they fit into the sentence. 6 You do not usually hear the answers in the same order as the questions, 7 For difficult questions, keep listening as you'll hear the answer sooner or later. 8 You should check the spelling of your answers. Now read the following Listening Part 2 question. You will hear a man talking on the radio about Welsh speakers in Patagonia, Argentina. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences. Before you listen, predict the type of information you might hear for questions 1-10. Example: 1 This might be a type of building, like a school or a church. What to expect in the exam ‘© The words and the sentenee structure in the question may not be the same as those in the recording. For question 8 for example, you will hear the following: ‘every year, a5 part of a programme administered by the National Assembly for Wales, groups of .. come £0 Patagonia’ ‘© You can also expect to hear some distractors. For number 2, for example, you will need to choose between two different numbers that you hear. And for number 4, several different types of people are mentioned 159Ready for Listening 160 A popular place for tourists to visit in Pagagonia is a Welsh [ i There are estimated to be 2] speakers of Welsh in Patagonia. The first settlers wanted to establish a colony in an area which was 3 There were very few 4] among the first Welsh settlers. ‘The settlers soon became friendly with the [5] The name for the Andean region where the Welsh settled means| 5 A Welsh __ 7] festival is held each year in Patagonia. The National Assembly for Wales sends @] to Patagonia each year. ‘The streets and houses of Gaiman are decorated with 3} The speaker decides to eat [10] with his tea. Part 3: Multiple matching In Part 3 you will hear five short monologues which are all related in some way. You have 30 seconds to read the questions and see what makes each question similar to or | different from the others. Read the Part 3 task below and study this example: Example: A Iwill need a specific qualification to do this job. You often get qualifications by taking exams, jor which you have to study. Band F also mention aspects of studying. E is different from A because... Complete the example sentence in 1 and then discuss questions B-F in the same way. Underlining key words may help, but be careful of distractors when you listen. Can you predict any of the language you might hear for each of the sentences? Example: A What words do you know which are related to qualification? ina oem © You may hear the language which guides Listen both times to all of what the speaker you to the correct answer: says before making your final decision. a at the beginning of the extract, bin the middle of the extract, cat the end of the extract. d in more than one part of the extract ©) 223-2.27 You will hear five young people talking about the job they would like to do. For questions 1-8, choose from the list A-F what éach speaker says. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use. A I will need a specific qualification to do this job. Speaker1 (+) B I combine work with studying. Speaker 2 [—____] C I disagree with the careers advice I have been given. Speaker 3 [____] D Iheard about this job from someone in my family. Speaker 4 [—____] E I think I have the necessary personal qualities. Speaker 5 [—__] F Lam studying a relevant subject.Part 4 Multiple Choice Ready for Listening 1 In Part 4 you will hear either a monologue or an interview lasting approximately three minutes. You have to answer seven multiple-choice questions, each with three options. 2 Now read the following Part 4 instructions. ©) 228 You wilt hear an interview with an organizer of the Tall Person’s Club conference. For questions 1-7 choose the best answer (A, B or C). ® Read question ! and the terviewer's introduction from the recording. Decide on the correct answer, underlining the part or parts of the text which justify your choice. 1 What comment does the presenter make about his height? A He is below average height for a British male. B Hc is the tallest person in his profession. C He feels tall in comparison to his colleagues. At one metre 84 I've always thought of myself as being a little on the tall side, particularly when I stand next to the people I work with here in the Round Britain studio. Rather curiously, most of them are below the national average height of one metre 78 for men and one 62 for women. But when I popped in yesterday to the annual conference of the TPC - that’s the Tall Person's Club of Great Britain and Ireland — I felt decidedly small. 5 Now read questions 2~ With your partner explain with reference to the text why the other options are wrong. Then listen to the recording and choose the best answers. What to expect in the exam ‘You are given one minute to read all seven questions before you hear the recor 9. @ Although a particular option might be mentioned, it may not be the correct answer to the question you are asked. In question 3 below, for example, A, B and C are all mentioned as problems, but only one answers the question: ‘What is the biggest problem faced by tall people?’ 2 Jenny says that the Tall Person's Club conference A is usually held in a countryside hotel. B is one of many events they organize. C is very different to other club conferences. 3 According to Jenny, what is the biggest problem faced by tall people? A buying clothes that fit B travelling on public transport € sleeping in normal size beds 4 How does Jenny feel about some people's reactions towards her height? A irritated B amused c € offended 5 Jenny says that at their first meeting, new club members A are encouraged to change their posture. B very quickly grow in confidence. € have to talk to everyone in the room. 6 According to Jenny, one advantage for tall people is that A they are naturally talented at certain sports. B they always have a good view at spectator events. C they are more suited than others to certain professions. 7 What does Jenny say about membership of the Tall Person's Club of Great Britain and Ireland? A It includes membership of the American club. B A special committee decides who can join, € There is no minimum height requirement. 6 Look at the listening script on pages 230 and 231 and for questions 2-7 follow the same procedure as in exercises 3 and 4 above. » 161