TEST OF CENTRIFUGAL

FAN AND ROTARY

BLOWER
Prepared by:
Odavar, Evan Julian M.
Urgelles, Jimuel
Yarte, Michael Angelo
 What is Centrifugal Fan?
A Centrifugal Fan, are among the most efficient and versatile pieces of air
moving equipment. The scroll housing in a centrifugal fan accelerates the air
and changes the direction of the airflow twice, a full 90 degree, before leaving the
housing. Centrifugal fans are quiet and reliable and are made to operate in a variety
of environments and applications.
Main parts of centrifugal fan:
Fan impeller - Impeller is a rotating
device consisting of number of fan
blades mounted on a hub with drive
shaft that forces the air/gas in the
desired direction with increased
pressure. In centrifugal fan, the air
stream enters the impeller in an axial
direction, acquires acceleration due
to centrifugal force as it flows
through the fan blades and gets
discharged radially from the fan
housing.
FAN HOUSING
Housing in a fan system improves
efficiency as it reduces noise and acts
as a protection for moving parts like
impeller, hub etc. In centrifugal fan,
the air from the inlet enters the
impeller axially through fan housing,
where it picks up the acceleration and
is radially sent out in 90° direction.
Fan Blades: Based on the blade
configuration such as forward
curved, backward curved, radial,
airfoil etc., centrifugal fans are
divided into various types and differ
in their functionality. The efficiency
and fan performance basically
depends on the shape of the blades
that are mounted on a hub of the fan
wheel.
 Inlet and Outlet Ducts: Ducts that are
Drive shaft: It is a rotating
attached at the fan inlet and outlet will
device that holds the affect the airflow pattern and influence the
impeller & blades and performance of the fans. Ducts at the inlet
determines the speed of the control the flow of air/gas by admitting
fan wheel through various only required amount of air whereas ducts
drive mechanisms like at the outlet impose a resistance to the air
direct, belt or variable. stream.
 C. Fan types
Dampers & Louvers: Dampers
and louvers are the plates or
sheets inside the ducts which
are used to control or
alternatively block the airflow at CENTRIFUGAL AXIAL FAN
the inlet or outlet of a fan. FAN

There are two main types of

industrial fans out there: Axial fans
and Centrifugal Fans.
Fan efficiencies differ from design
to design and also by types. Typical
ranges of fan efficiencies are given
in the given table.
D. Categories of fan
Fans fall into two general categories: centrifugal flow and axial
flow. In centrifugal flow, airflow changes direction twice - once
when entering and second when leaving. In axial flow, air enters
and leaves the fan with no change in direction.
CENTRIFUGAL FLOW AXIAL FLOW
E. Centrifugal fan types
The major types of centrifugal fan are: radial, forward curved and backward curved:
Radial fans are industrial workhorses because of their high static pressures (upto 1400 mm WC)
and ability to handle heavily contaminated airstreams. Because of their simple design, radial fans
are well suited for high temperatures and medium blade tip speeds.
Forward-curved fans are used in clean environments and operate at lower temperatures. They are
well suited for low tip speed and high-airflow work - they are best suited for moving large volumes
of air against relatively low pressures.
Backward-inclined fans are more efficient than forward-curved fans. Backward-inclined fans
reach their peak power consumption and then power demand drops off well within their useable
airflow range.
F. Axial fan types
The major types of axial flow fans are: tube
axial, vane axial and propeller:
Tube axial fans have a wheel inside a
cylindrical housing, with close clearance
between blade and housing to improve airflow
efficiency.
Vane axial fans are similar to tube axials,
but with addition of guide vanes that improve
efficiency by directing and straightening the
flow. As a result, they have a higher static
pressure with less dependence on the duct static
pressure.
Propeller fans usually run at low speeds and
moderate temperatures. They experience a
large change in airflow with small changes in
static pressure. Propeller fans are often used
indoors as exhaust fans.
 G. Fan performance
Fan performance characteristics and
efficiency differ based on fan and
impeller type. In the case of centrifugal
fans, the hub to-tip ratios (ratio of inner-
to-outer impeller diameter) the tip
angles (angle at which forward or
backward curved blades are curved at
the blade tip - at the base the blades
are always oriented in the direction of
flow), and the blade width determine
the pressure developed by the fan.
Forward curved fans have large hub tip
ratios compared to backward curved
fans and produce lower pressure.
Radial fans can be made with different heel-to-tip ratios to produce different
pressures. At both design and off-design points, backward-curved fans provide the
most stable operation.
Forward curved fans, however, are less efficient than backward curved fans and
power rises continuously with flow.
Among centrifugal fan designs, aero foil designs provide the highest efficiency (up to
10% higher than backward curved blades), but their use is limited to clean, dust-free
air.
Axial-flow fans produce lower pressure than centrifugal fans, and exhibit a dip in
pressure before reaching the peak pressure point.
Propeller-type fans are capable of high-flow rates at low pressures.
Tube-axial fans have medium pressure, high flow capability and are not equipped
with guide vanes.
Vane-axial fans are equipped with inlet or outlet guide vanes, and are characterized by
high pressure, medium flow-rate capabilities.
2. Rotary blower (all with photo)
A. What is rotary blower
- a machine for producing artificial
draft by centrifugal force of
rotating vanes.
- - it is a type of a machine that is
used to move gas or air for a
variety of applications. These
device utilize positive
displacement technology by
trapping a certain volume of air
then discharging or forcing it out
against the system pressure.
B. Major type
Major types are: centrifugal blower and positive-
displacement blower
Centrifugal blowers look more like centrifugal
pumps than fans. The impeller is typically gear-
driven and rotates as fast as 15,000 rpm. In
multi-stage blowers, air is accelerated as it
passes through each impeller. In single-stage
blower, air does not take many turns, and hence
it is more efficient.
Positive-displacement or Rotary Blower have rotors, which "trap" air and push
it through housing. Positive-displacement blowers provide a constant volume of
air even if the system pressure varies. They are especially suitable for applications
prone to clogging, since they can produce enough pressure

3. Difference between fans and blowers

Both fans and blowers, are mechanical on devices used for circulation of air.
Based on this, they are differentiated from each other, wherein a fan circulates
air around an entire room, or space and a blower Only focuses on the specific or
given Area.
 FAN BLOWER
A fan circulates air around an A blower circulates the air only
entire room, or space. on the specific or pointed area.
Definition
It is using less pressure to It is uses high pressure to
produce large amounts of gas. produce large amounts of gas.
Pressure
The ratio of pressure is below The ratio of pressure is from
1.1. 1.1 to 1.2.
Pressure ratio
It provides air in the complete It provides air in a specific
area. location or point.
Air area
• Axial flow fans. • Centrifugal blowers.
• Centrifugal fans. Cross- Positive-displacement
flow fans. blowers.
Types
It consists of a motor and It consists of a fan, outer cover,
blades, which run of electricity. inlet, out-let.
Consists of
4. Calculation formulas
A. Air density
To calculate the velocity and volume from the velocity pressure measurements it is
necessary to know the density of the air. The density is dependent on altitude and
temperature.

B. Velocity calculation
Once the air density and velocity pressure have
been established, the velocity can be
determined from the equation:
THANK YOU!!