100 days of Code with PYTHON

Day 1 - What is Programming and Python?

What is Programming?

• Programming is a way for us to tell computers what to do. Computer is

a very dumb machine, and it only does what we tell it to do. Hence, we
learn programming and tell computers to do what we are very slow at -
computation. If I ask you to calculate 5+6, you will immediately say 11.
How about 23453453 X 56456?

• You will start searching for a calculator or jump to a new tab to

calculate the same. These 100 days of code series will help you learn
python from starting to the end. We will start from 0 and by the time
we end this course, I promise you will be a Job ready Python developer!

What is Python?

• Python is a dynamically typed, general purpose programming language

that supports an object-oriented programming approach as well as a
functional programming approach.
• Python is an interpreted and a high-level programming language.
• It was created by Guido Van Rossum in 1989.

Features of Python

• Python is simple and easy to understand.

• It is Interpreted and platform-independent which makes debugging very
easy.
• Python is an open-source programming language.
• Python provides very big library support. Some of the popular libraries
include NumPy, Tensorflow, Selenium, OpenCV, etc.
• It is possible to integrate other programming languages within python.
What is Python used for

• Python is used in Data Visualization to create plots and graphical

representations.
• Python helps in Data Analytics to analyze and understand raw data for
insights and trends.
• It is used in AI and Machine Learning to simulate human behavior and
to learn from past data without hard coding.
• It is used to create web applications.
• It can be used to handle databases.
• It is used in business and accounting to perform complex mathematical
operations along with quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Why Replit?

• Replit is very easy to share tutorials and code.

• You can easily fork this repl and continue learning in your own style.
Video, code as well as text tutorial on the same page which makes
things easy!
• For fellow teachers out there, you create a tutorial folder to create
tutorials using replit.

Day 2 - My Python Success Story

Why I love python (And you will too...)

• Welcome to Day 2 of 100 days of code. Let me start with a story! Back
in my college, I used to learn C and C++ programming in depth, used
to score good marks. I created a bunch of printing, conditionals and
loop program. Now what? I wanted to benefit from the same In my
second year of college, I started working (I mean actually working in the
industry) with the python programming language. I was not so good
with it but I used to write code for a singaporean client and actually
make good money without having to actually master Python. Harry then
got curious and started working on his Python skills even more. I then
 got into web scraping and trust me I made some good easy money on
Fiverr just by writing some python programs and charging on per
webpage basis to my clients ( I used to automate scraping)
• I then learnt flask and got to work with Flask with a university
professor abroad. Long story short, Python made a huge impact in my
career.

What can Python do for you?

• I want to show you some python programs I created which will surely
inspire you to create your own versions of the same as we progress
through this tutorial. Do not try to recreate them just yet if you are a
beginner and just started working on Python. We will make progress
gradually trust me.

Day 3 - Modules and pip in Python!

Module is like a code library which can be used to borrow code written
by somebody else in our python program. There are two types of
modules in python:

1. Built in Modules - These modules are ready to import and use and
ships with the python interpreter. there is no need to install such
modules explicitly.
2. External Modules - These modules are imported from a third-party
file or can be installed using a package manager like pip or conda.
Since this code is written by someone else, we can install different
versions of a same module with time.

The pip command

It can be used as a package manager pip to install a python module. Lets

install a module called pandas using the following command

pip install pandas

Using a module in Python (Usage)

We use the import syntax to import a module in Python. Here is an example

code:

import pandas

# Read and work with a file named 'words.csv'

df = pandas.read_csv('words.csv')
print(df) # This will display first few rows from the words.csv file

Similarly, we can install other modules and look into their documentations
for usage, instructions. We will find ourselves doing this often in the later part
of this course

Day 4 - Our First Program

Today we will write our first ever python program from scratch. It will consist
of a bunch of print statements. print can be used to print something on the
console in python

Quick Quiz

Write a program to print a poem in Python. Choose the poem of your choice
and publish your repl

print("---Your poem here---")

Please make sure you attempt this. Might be easy for some of you but please
finish each task.

Code Code Output

Day 5 - Comments, Escape sequence & Print in Python
Welcome to Day 5 of 100DaysOfCode. Today we will talk about Comments,
Escape Sequences and little bit more about print statement in Python. We will
also throw some light on Escape Sequences

Python Comments

A comment is a part of the coding file that the programmer does not want to
execute, rather the programmer uses it to either explain a block of code or to
avoid the execution of a specific part of code while testing.

Single-Line Comments:

To write a comment just add a ‘#’ at the start of the line.

Example 1

#This is a 'Single-Line Comment'

print("This is a print statement.")
Output: This is a print statement.

Example 2
print("Hello World !!!") #Printing Hello World
Output: Hello World !!!

Example 3:
print("Python Program")
# print("Python Program")
Output: Python Program

Multi-Line Comments:
To write multi-line comments you can use ‘#’ at each line or you can use the
multiline string.

Example 1: The use of ‘#’.

#It will execute a block of code if a specified condition is true.

#If the condition is false then it will execute another block of code.
p=7
if (p > 5):
print("p is greater than 5.")
else:
print("p is not greater than 5.")

Output: p is greater than 5.

Example 2: The use of multiline string.

"""This is an if-else statement.

It will execute a block of code if a specified condition is true.
If the condition is false then it will execute another block of code."""
p=7
if (p > 5):
print("p is greater than 5.")
else:
print("p is not greater than 5.")

Output: p is greater than 5.

Escape Sequence Characters

• To insert characters that cannot be directly used in a string, we use

an escape sequence character.
 • An escape sequence character is a backslash \ followed by the
character you want to insert.
• An example of a character that cannot be directly used in a string is a
double quote inside a string that is surrounded by double quotes:
print("This doesnt "execute")
print("This will \" execute")
More on Print statement

• The syntax of a print statement looks something like this:

print(object(s), sep=separator, end=end, file=file, flush=flush)

Other Parameters of Print Statement

1. object(s): Any object, and as many as you like. Will be converted to

string before printed
2. sep='separator': Specify how to separate the objects, if there is more
than one. Default is ' '
3. end='end': Specify what to print at the end. Default is '\n' (line feed)
4. file: An object with a write method. Default is sys.stdout

Note: Parameters 2 to 4 are optional

Day 6 - Variables and Data Types

What is a variable?

Variable is like a container that holds data. Very similar to how our containers
in kitchen holds sugar, salt etc Creating a variable is like creating a
placeholder in memory and assigning it some value. In Python its as easy as
writing:
a=1
b = True
c = "Harry"
d = None

These are four variables of different data types.

What is a Data Type?

Data type specifies the type of value a variable holds. This is required in
programming to do various operations without causing an error.
In python, we can print the type of any operator using type function:
a=1
print(type(a))
b = "1"
print(type(b))

By default, python provides the following built-in data types:

1. Numeric data: int, float, complex

int: 3, -8, 0
float: 7.349, -9.0, 0.0000001
complex: 6 + 2i

2. Text data: str

str: "Hello World!!!", "Python Programming"

3. Boolean data:

Boolean data consists of values True or False.

4. Sequenced data: list, tuple

List: A list is an ordered collection of data with elements separated by a

comma and enclosed within square brackets. Lists are mutable and can be
modified after creation.

Example:

list1 = [8, 2.3, [-4, 5], ["apple", "banana"]]

print(list1)
Output:
[8, 2.3, [-4, 5], ['apple', 'banana']]
Tuple: A tuple is an ordered collection of data with elements separated by a
comma and enclosed within parentheses. Tuples are immutable and cannot
be modified after creation.

Example:

tuple1 = (("parrot", "sparrow"), ("Lion", "Tiger"))

print(tuple1)
Output:
(('parrot', 'sparrow'), ('Lion', 'Tiger'))

5. Mapped data: dict

dict: A dictionary is an unordered collection of data containing a key:value

pair. The key:value pairs are enclosed within curly brackets.

Example:

dict1 = {"name":"Sakshi", "age":20, "canVote":True}

print(dict1)
Output:
{'name': 'Sakshi', 'age': 20, 'canVote': True}

Code Code Output

Day 7 - Exercise 1: Calculator using Python | Python Tutorial -
Operators

Python has different types of operators for different operations. To create a

calculator, we require arithmetic operators.

Arithmetic operators

Operator Operator Name Example

+ Addition 15+7
- Subtraction 15-7
* Multiplication 5*7
** Exponential 5**3
/ Division 5/3
% Modulus 15%7
// Floor Division 15//7

Exercise
n = 15
m=7
ans1 = n+m
print("Addition of",n,"and",m,"is", ans1)
ans2 = n-m
print("Subtraction of",n,"and",m,"is", ans2)
ans3 = n*m
print("Multiplication of",n,"and",m,"is", ans3)
ans4 = n/m
print("Division of",n,"and",m,"is", ans4)
ans5 = n%m
print("Modulus of",n,"and",m,"is", ans5)
ans6 = n//m
print("Floor Division of",n,"and",m,"is", ans6)
Explanation

Here 'n' and 'm' are two variables in which the integer value is being stored.
Variables 'ans1', 'ans2', 'ans3', 'ans4','ans5' and 'ans6' contains the outputs
corresponding to addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, and
floor division respectively.
 Day 7: Exercise Code and Output

Day -8 Exercise 1 - Create a Calculator Solution

Create a calculator capable of performing addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division operations on two numbers. Your program should
format the output in a readable manner!

code Code Output

Day – 9 Typecasting in Python | Python Tutorial

Typecasting in python

The conversion of one data type into the other data type is known as type
casting in python or type conversion in python.

Python supports a wide variety of functions or methods like: int(), float(), str(),
ord(), hex(), oct(), tuple(), set(), list(), dict(), etc. for the type casting in python.

Two Types of Typecasting:

1. Explicit Conversion (Explicit type casting in python)
2. Implicit Conversion (Implicit type casting in python).
Explicit typecasting:

The conversion of one data type into another data type, done via developer or
programmer's intervention or manually as per the requirement, is known as
explicit type conversion.

It can be achieved with the help of Python’s built-in type conversion functions
such as int(), float(), hex(), oct(), str(), etc .

Example of explicit typecasting:

string = "15"
number = 7
string_number = int(string) #throws an error if the string is not a valid integer
sum= number + string_number
print("The Sum of both the numbers is: ", sum)

Output:

The Sum of both the numbers is 22

Implicit type casting:

Data types in Python do not have the same level i.e. ordering of data types is
not the same in Python. Some of the data types have higher-order, and some
have lower order. While performing any operations on variables with different
data types in Python, one of the variable's data types will be changed to the
higher data type. According to the level, one data type is converted into other
by the Python interpreter itself (automatically). This is called, implicit
typecasting in python.

Python converts a smaller data type to a higher data type to prevent data loss.

Example of implicit type casting:

# Python automatically converts
# a to int
a=7
print(type(a))
 # Python automatically converts b to float
b = 3.0
print(type(b))

# Python automatically converts c to float as it is a float addition

c=a+b
print(c)
print(type(c))

Ouput:
<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
10.0
<class 'float'>

Day 10 - Taking User Input in python

In python, we can take user input directly by using input ( ) function. This
input function gives a return value as string/character hence we have to pass
that into a variable

Syntax:

variable=input()
But input function returns the value as string. Hence we have to typecast
them whenever required to another datatype.

Example:

variable=int(input())
variable=float(input())

We can also display a text using input function. This will make input()
function take user input and display a message as well

Example:

a=input("Enter the name: ")

print(a)
Output:

Enter the name: Harry

Harry
Day -11 Strings in Python
What are strings?

In python, anything that you enclose between single or double quotation

marks is considered a string. A string is essentially a sequence or array of
textual data. Strings are used when working with Unicode characters.

Example

name = "Harry"
print("Hello, " + name)

Output

Hello, Harry

Note: It does not matter whether you enclose your strings in single or double
quotes, the output remains the same.

Sometimes, the user might need to put quotation marks in between the
strings. Example, consider the sentence: He said, “I want to eat an apple”.

How will you print this statement in python? He said, "I want to eat an apple". We
will definitely use single quotes for our convenience

print('He said, "I want to eat an apple".')

Multiline Strings

If our string has multiple lines, we can create them like this:

a = """Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,

consectetur adipiscing elit,
sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt
ut labore et dolore magna aliqua."""
print(a)
Accessing Characters of a String

In Python, string is like an array of characters. We can access parts of string

by using its index which starts from 0.
Square brackets can be used to access elements of the string.

print(name[0])
print(name[1])

Looping through the string

We can loop through strings using a for loop like this:

for character in name:

print(character)

Above code prints all the characters in the string name one by one!

CODE & O/P

Day – 12 Strings Slicing and Operations on Strings in Python
String Slicing & Operations on String

Length of a String

We can find the length of a string using len() function.

Example:

fruit = "Mango"
len1 = len(fruit)
print("Mango is a", len1, "letter word.")

Output:

Mango is a 5 letter word.

String as an array

A string is essentially a sequence of characters also called an array. Thus we

can access the elements of this array.

Example:

pie = "ApplePie"
print(pie[:5])
print(pie[6]) #returns character at specified index

Output:

Apple
I

Note: This method of specifying the start and end index to specify a part of a
string is called slicing.

Slicing Example:

pie = "ApplePie"
print(pie[:5]) #Slicing from Start
print(pie[5:]) #Slicing till End
print(pie[2:6]) #Slicing in between
print(pie[-8:]) #Slicing using negative index

Output:

Apple
Pie
pleP
ApplePie

Loop through a String:

Strings are arrays and arrays are iterable. Thus we can loop through
strings.

Example:

alphabets = "ABCDE"
for i in alphabets:
print(i)

Output:

A
B
C
D
E