Manuel António José

Licenciatura em Ensino de Física

Resolução de exercícios sobre integração das Funções

Universidade Púnguè

Tete

2020
1. Integração quase imediata

du
a) ∫ (2x + 5)3 dx, u = 2x + 5, du = 2dx → dx = 2

du 1 1 u4 1 𝟏
∫ (2x + 5)3 dx = ∫ u3 = ∫ u3 du = + c = u4 + c = (𝟐𝐱 + 𝟓)𝟒 + 𝐜
2 2 24 8 𝟖

2x
b) ∫ (x2 +1) dx, u = x 2 → du = 2xdx

2x du
∫( ) dx = ∫ = ln(u + 1) + c = 𝐥𝐧(𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏) + 𝐜
x2 +1 u+1

dx
c) ∫ xlnx

1
u = ln x , du = x dx → xdu = dx

dx xdu du
∫ =∫ =∫ = ln u + c = 𝐥𝐧(𝐥𝐧 𝐱) + 𝐜
xlnx xu u

2. Decomposição em outras expressões simples

3x+9 x+3 x 3 ln(x2 +1) 3

a) ∫ 1+x2 dx = 3 ∫ 1+x2 dx = 3 ∫ 1+x2 dx + 3 ∫ 1+x2 dx = 3 + 3 ∫ 1+x2 dx =
2
3 1 x 𝟑
ln(x 2 + 1) + 3 1 arctg (1) + c = 𝟐 𝐥𝐧(𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏) + 𝟑𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐠(𝐱) + 𝐜
2

5e2x +ex
b) ∫ dx
e2x +1

ln u
u = e2x → x = e du = dx
2

ln u
5e2x + ex e 2 + 5u 1 u √u
∫ 2x dx = ∫ du = (5 ∫ 2 du + ∫ 2 du)
e +1 2uu + 2u 2 u +u u +u
1 u
= (5 ∫ 2 du + 2 arctg(√u))
2 u +u

1 u 1 du
= (5 ∫ du + 2 arctg(√u)) = (5 ∫ + 2 arctg(√u))
2 u(u + 1) 2 u+1

u + 1 = t → dt = du
 5e2x + ex 1 dt 1
∫ dx = (5 ∫ + 2 arctg( √ u)) = (5 ln t + 2 arctg(√u))
e2x + 1 2 t 2
1 1
= (5 ln(u + 1) + 2 arctg(√u)) = (5 ln(e2x + 1) + 2 arctg(√u))
2 2
𝟓
= 𝐥𝐧(𝐞𝟐𝐱 + 𝟏) + 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐠(√𝐮) + 𝐜
𝟐

3. Método de integração por parte

a) ∫ cos4 x dx = ∫ cos2 x cos2 x dx

𝐝 𝐝
𝐟(𝐱) 𝐠(𝐱) = 𝐟(𝐱)𝐠(𝐱) − ∫ 𝐟 𝐠(𝐱)
𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐱

𝐮𝐝𝐯 = 𝐮𝐯 − ∫ 𝐯𝐝𝐮 f(x) = cos2 x e g(x) = cos2 x

2
1 x d(cos2 x)
∫ cos x dx = sin 2x + = −2 sin x cos x
4 2 dx

∫ cos4 x dx = ∫ cos2 x cos2 x dx

1 x 1 x
= cos2 x ( sin 2x + ) − ∫ −2 sin x cos x ( sin 2x + ) dx
4 2 4 2
1 x 1 1 x
= cos2 x ( sin 2x + ) + ∫ 2 sin 2x ( sin 2x + ) dx
4 2 2 4 2
1 x 1 x
= cos2 x ( sin 2x + ) + ∫ sin 2x ( sin 2x + ) dx
4 2 4 2

2
1 x sin2 2x sin(2x) x
= cos x ( sin 2x + ) + ∫ ( + ) dx
4 2 4 2
1 x 1
= cos2 x ( sin 2x + ) + ∫(sin2 2x + 2sin(2x) x)dx
4 2 4
1 x
= cos2 x ( sin 2x + ) + ∫ sin2 2x dx + ∫ sin( 2x) xdx
4 2

𝐝𝐭
𝐭 = 𝟐𝐱, 𝐝𝐭 = 𝟐𝐝𝐱 → 𝐝𝐱 =
𝟐
 ∫ cos4 x dx = ∫ cos2 x cos2 x dx

1 x
= cos2 x ( sin 2x + )
4 2
1 1 (2t − sen2t) 1 1
+ [ + 2x (− cos 2x) − ∫ − cos 2x dx]
4 2 4 2 2
1 x 1 1 1
= cos2 x ( sin 2x + ) + [ 4x − sin 4x − cos 2x + sin 2x]
4 2 4 8 2
𝟏 𝐱 𝟒𝐱 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝐱 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝐱
= 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐱 ( 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝐱 + ) + − + +𝐂
𝟒 𝟐 𝟑𝟐 𝟒 𝟖

b) ∫ arctg xdx, u = arctgx dv = dx

d(arctgx) x
∫ dx = x; =
dx 1 + x2

x 𝟏
∫ arctg xdx = xarctgx − ∫ 2
dx = 𝐱𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐠𝐱 − 𝐥𝐧(𝟏 + 𝐱 𝟐 ) + 𝐂
1+x 𝟐

c) ∫ e2x x 3 dx, 𝐮𝐝𝐯 = 𝐮𝐯 − ∫ 𝐯𝐝𝐮

d(x 3 ) 1 2x
= 3x 2 ∫ e2x dx = e +c
dx 2

1 2x 1 x 3 e2x 3 x 2 e2x 1
∫ e2x x 3 dx = x 3 e − ∫ 3x 2 e2x dx = − ( − ∫ 2x e2x dx)
2 2 2 2 2 2
x 3 e2x 3 x 2 e2x
= − ( − ∫ xe2x dx)
2 2 2
x 3 e2x 3 x 2 e2x 1 1
= − [ − (x e2x − ∫ e2x dx]
2 2 2 2 2
x 3 e2x 3 x 2 e2x xe2x e2x x 3 e2x 3 (2x 2 e2x − 2xe2x + e2x )
= − ( − + )= − [ ]
2 2 2 2 4 2 2 4

2x 3
𝐱 𝟑 𝐞𝟐𝐱 𝟑 (𝟐𝐱 𝟐 𝐞𝟐𝐱 − 𝟐𝐱𝐞𝟐𝐱 + 𝐞𝟐𝐱 )
∫ e x dx = − [ ]+𝐂
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
4. Método por substituição

1 1
x+1 (x+1)√x x√ x √x
a) ∫ dx = ∫ dx =∫ dx + ∫ dx = ∫ x 2 dx + ∫ x −2 dx
√x √ x√ x x √x

𝟑
𝐱 = 𝐭 𝟑 → 𝐭 = √𝐱 𝐝𝐱 = 𝟑𝐭 𝟐 𝐝𝐭

9 3
x+1 1 1 7 1 t2 t2
∫ dx = ∫(t 3 )2 3t 2 dt + ∫(x 3 )−2 3t 2 dt = 3 ∫ t 2 dt + 3 ∫ t 2 dt =3 +3
√x 9 3
2 2
2 3 29 3
3 2 9 1 2 3 1 2
= ( √x) + 2( √x)2 = x 6 + 2x 2 = x 2 + 2x 2 + C = √x 3 + 2√x + C
3 3 3 3

𝐱+𝟏 𝟐
∫ 𝐝𝐱 = √𝐱 𝟑 + 𝟐√𝐱 + 𝐂
√𝐱 𝟑

ln x
b) ∫ x

𝐱 = 𝐞𝐭 → 𝐭 = 𝐥𝐧 𝐱 ; 𝐝𝐱 = 𝐞𝐭 𝐝𝐭

ln x ln et t
∫ = ∫ t e dt = ∫ ln et dt = ln e ∫ t dt
x e

𝐥𝐧 𝐞 = 𝟏

ln x t2 (𝐥𝐧 𝐱)𝟐
∫ = ∫ t dt = + C = +𝐂
x 2 𝟐

5. Fracções racionais

8x2 +x+1
a) ∫ dx
x3 −x

8x 2 + x + 1 8x 2 + x + 1 A B C
∫ dx = ∫ = + +
x3 − x x(x − 1)(x + 1) x x − 1 x + 1

8x 2 + x + 1 = A(x − 1)(x + 1) + Bx(x + 1) + Cx(x − 1)

𝐱 = 𝟎 → 1 = A(−1)1 → −A = 1 → A = −1

𝐱 = 𝟏 → 8 + 2 = B ∗ 1 ∗ 2 → 2B = 10 → B = 5

𝐱 = −𝟏 → 8 = C ∗ −1 ∗ −2 → 2C = 8 → C = 4
 8x 2 + x + 1 1 5 4 dx dx dx
∫ 3
dx = ∫ (− + + ) dx = −1 ∫ + 5 ∫ + 4∫
x −x x x−1 x+1 x x−1 x+1
= − 𝐥𝐧(𝐱) + 𝟓 𝐥𝐧(𝐱 − 𝟏) + 𝟒 𝐥𝐧(𝐱 + 𝟏) + 𝐊

x3 +1
b) ∫ x2 −2x+10 dx

x3 +1
A divisão das duas fracções , teremos x+2 e − 6x − 19
x2 −2x+10

x3 + 1 x+2
∫ 2 dx = ∫ (−6x − 19 + 2 ) dx
x − 2x + 10 x − 2x + 10

∫(−𝟔𝐱 − 𝟏𝟗) 𝐝𝐱 = −𝟑𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟗𝐱 + 𝐂

x+2
∫ (x2 −2x+10) dx, x 2 − 2x + 10 = (x 2 − 2x + 1) + 9 = (x − 1)2 + 9

x+2 x+2
∫( 2 ) dx = ∫ ( ) dx
x − 2x + 10 (x − 1)2 + 9

𝐮 = 𝐱 − 𝟏 → 𝐱 = 𝐮 + 𝟏, 𝐝𝐮 = 𝐝𝐱

u+1+2 u+3 u 3 ln(u2 + 9) 1

∫ 2 du = ∫ 2 du = ∫ 2 du + ∫ 2 du = + 3∫ 2 du
u +9 u +9 u +9 u +9 2 u +9
ln(u2 + 9) 1 u 𝐥𝐧[(𝐱 − 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟗] 𝐱−𝟏
= + 3 arctg ( ) = + 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐠 ( )
2 3 3 𝟐 𝟑

x3 + 1 x+2
∫ dx = ∫ (−6x − 19 + ) dx
x 2 − 2x + 10 x 2 − 2x + 10

𝟐
𝐥𝐧[(𝐱 − 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟗] 𝐱−𝟏
= −𝟑𝐱 − 𝟏𝟗𝐱 + + 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐠 ( )+𝐂
𝟐 𝟑