X

px
-

PY
qy dy px
-

+qX
Y-Py- py x(r + y)
yx +y) dx

(qx - PY
q
y
py
-
/ dx X

Hence Proved
dy
dx X

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Level
1. ) Ify= (sin , prove that (1 -*y2 - 1 2.

(log x) +4 sin (log x),show that x2 +x+y =0.

i1) Ify =
3 cos
dx

Ciii) Ify =3e2+2, prove that- dx

6y =0.

Civ) If y =Ae + Be, show that dy -(m + n)+mny = 0.

d2 dx

(v) Ify =(tan x), show that (x+ 1) d 2 2

+2x(x2 +1)= 2.
t 2

dx

(vi) Ify=etanx, prove that (1 + ) 2(1 x - x ) + ( 1 - x y = 0.

d2 dx

then prove that x.dy

x*...oo

2.
2. (1) If y = x* ,
=

dr 1- y log x
ylog y
..c0

(ii) If y = a prove that

dx x(1 -

y log x log y)
.0

(ii) If y =e+e , show that dy =

dx 1-y
Differential Calculus

161
(Vr)vr)V«).
(iv) If y
=

show that
dx x(2- y log x)
(v) If y = X show that
,

dx
= y log y(x log x log y +1)
d-x log
y)x log x
V =
tanx + ytan x + Vtan x + ...co, prove that

If yvx* +1 =
log(Vx" +1
-x), show that (x +1)+3 +1
dx =0.
5. Prove that:
a-xsin1--
2
x+X +1
6. If y log-
2-T1 tan 1v3x
=

x+ 1 -Find
find
2 dx

1. Ify =x sin (a +y), prove that sin (a + y)

dx sin(a+ y) - y cos(a + y)

&. 1f v1-x +y1- = atry), prove that XVl=y

dx
1-
9. If y
=
cos cosec x >
0, find dx
10. 1f y =
sin (xvi -x -

vrvi- x*),o <x <1, find dx

11. Differentiate sec(x+ 30°) wrt.x.

12. If y log (x + Vx +a), show that ( + ad

)+2x
r = 0.
dx

13. If y log tan show that =

secx.

14. ( ) If y = cos 2**1 find

find
dx
1+4

i) If y =
sin-1 2 3 . dx
(1+(36)
Gii) If y = sin 5 sin x + 4 cos , f i n d

41 dx
 VATSAL ISC Halnubu

162
1
dy
15. If ha dx
( 1 + ) 2

x1+y yyi+ x + -0, prove

dy
16. J.cos show that
(1) 1f x =
sinand y
-

find
at 0 =

0 cos 0),
=a(sin 0
-

and y
(11) If x =

a(cos 0 +0sin 0)
dy
log tan) and y
a sin t, find =

a(cos t +

cost
sin , find dr
Civ) If x andy
=

VCos 2t cos 2t
w.r.t. X : b sin x
Differentiate the following functions ii) t a n - aCos
b cos x + a SinX
(i) tan c0s 0< x<n
1+ sinX

(ii) tan
V1+x - Vi x -

V1+ x + V1 -x
sin x
V+Sinx + Vi
-

<X < T
Civ) cot 1 +sin x - V1 - sin x '2
dy vy- 4.
18. ) lfy =e+e prove that=
dx
(ii) Ify 4, provethat xl+=3y.
dx
dy
Cii) Ifx+y=t + and x +y" 1+5, provethat =

dx
2
17y
= 6, showthat dx 17x-y
19. If the derivative oftan (a + bx) takes the value 1 at x = 0, then prove that 1 + a = b.

20. (i) Differentiate tan

l V1+-1-
VI+-Vi x2 -

w.r.t. sin
2x

V1+ x+v1 -x 1+ x
(ii) Differentiate (sin x) + (cos x)n w.rt. x.

?Level
21. i) If f(x): secx1 find 3
Vsec x +1 2
Djffereniar b d i c u u s

3
) IffCx)
=

sec(2x), find f'(-1).

2
163

(ii)Iffix)= cos x- sin x|,

find f'(a/2).
22. I f(a + bx)e* = x, prove that x

23. If.srsec 0-cos 0 andy =

sec" 0-
cos 0, then show that
+4 d
dx ny+4).
24. If cos =
tan a, prove that
=
dx ,

2 73/2

(r- a+ y - 5* =
for some
c>0, prove that is a constant
dy
independent of a and b. dx

26. If y = tan

x+X +1) +tan x+3x +3)

+tan| 1 +tan 1 |+... to n terms,
x+5x+7) +7x+13
dy
thenshow that dx =
1
1+(x+n) 1+x

27. Find the derivative of

the
hence find f (-1). function fo) given by flx) =
(1 +X) (1+x) (1+x) (1+x) and
28. Find the derivative of
f(tan x) w.r.t. g(sec x) atx =
n/4, iff'(1) =
2, g(/2) =
4.

29. If 2ay =x|b+a|,show thatis constant.

dx

NSWERS
1 1
9. 0 10.
v1- 2x(1 - x)

11. 7T 14. ()-2"*

() log22 (n
log
2-(6 log6 ( ) 1
T80 sec(x+30°) tan(x° + 30°)
1+4 1+36
164 VATSAL ISC Handbook of Mathe
16. (ii) Sec 0
Nathemal
(i) tan t (iv) -cot 3t 17. () ) =1) 2/1-Gi
X

20. () *(+ x*) 1+ sin [log (cos X)

logsin x) + (cosx) tanx
-

(i) (sin x)*(x cot x +

21-
2
21. 28.
)-1 i)(ii)
2 1 27. 8

ANTS/SOLUTIONS
1. () dy 2 sin 1-2=2 sinx
dr V1-2
Again, differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
-2x
2V1 2 dr

-3
sin(log x),4cos(log x) x -3 sin(log x) 4coslog
+
dx
On differentiation w.t. x, we get

1
3 cos(log x) 4sin(log x
d

2 -y +y = 0
dx dx

(ii)y =3e+2
dx
= 6e2 +63 d-122 +18
dy2tanx
(V dx 1+x (1+x) =2 tanx
On differentiation w.r.t. x, we get
2
dx
dx 1+ 2x(1 +)g+(1+x
(vi) d
y =e tanx
= e tanx +ex
(0 1+x
ell+*)tanx+ë (+ = y(l +x)+
2x dx
x)+2x y+
d dx
0 d2 -a-2) 2y +(1+ -yl+ dx
p i t t e r e n t i a l
C a l c u l u s
165

x
y = x*"
y=Xx logy =y log
2
1 dy dy dy1 logx
d l0g x +.y
'

y dr dxy
dy
dx x{1- y log x)
y
=
a log y =x log a log (log y) =y log x + log (log a)
(ii)
1 1 dy
log y y dx logx+y dy1 log x
dx X dxy logy
dy log y
dx x(1-y log x log y)

ii) y= e
*Y
log y =(x + y) log e 1d-1
y dx

= (Vx)" y=/2
Giv) y

log y -logx 2
2d y
ogx
dy
dx y dx x(2- y log x)

(v) If y = x logy=y log x

log logy = x logy + log (log x)

.1.1 logy +.
log y yd
xt
y dx

1 1-x logyxlogx log y +1

dxy log y
=log
y
y+ x log x dx x log x
y log y
dyylogyx log xlogy +1)
dx (1 - x log y)x log x

3. y = tan x + y y tan x +y. Now, differentiate w.r.t. x.

4. yx+1 = log (vx* +1 - x)

1
1
2x*y 2x-1
dx
2x+1 241-x 2Nx* x -
+1
+ 1

+14
dx
+1+ x +1 21-x vx+1
vx+1-x +1
1
2+1+
dx
T
Now, multiplying both sides by vx +1.
 VATSAL ISC
Hai

Differential Calculus
( a 2 - x - x + a 2

166
)-
5.1a-
-2x) x +a"
11. yse180
2a22

/ 2 -Va- se186 180

log (x Vx2+2
=
+
12. y

= l o g (+x+ 1) log (x -x +
1) + 1-* 3(1- *
a -x22
+2x 13.
y-log tan
2 3 2

1 ( 2 x - 1)+ 31
(2x+ 1)-2 x +1| d tan
2 31+
2xx+3x
Aa-r-2 3x)
-1)(x ***+v3(1 + **
-

r + 1) -

(2x
121+X) 2sin
+x2+t A +1
2+1)(x- 1)
1)(x
-

x +
+X+
2x3-2x 2x
+ x +
(x -

2-r+1
y CoS
2x-2+2r
+ 14. i)
4+x+1
Let 2 = tan
2 + 1 x + x 2 + 1

y cos(a
+ y) (Differentiating y =COs5
sin(a+ y)
-

d 1 sin (a + y)
dy
7.Xsin(a+y) c o s+ c o s = a(sin sin

sin 0, y
= sin o
8. Let x =

a(sin 6
-

sin ) (i) Let 6' =

tan 0
sino =

v i -sin^e+ y1
-

cot
y sin
=al 2cos sin
cos =2cota
- 2 cot a sinx -sin y =2 tan

6-- cot a
dy - (ii) Let 5 = r cos 0, 4
3y2= 0 dx 1
V1-
3* dx
y = sin

dx
9. y =
Cos sin x+ - =1
10. Letx= sin 0, vx = sin 6
15.
sin 0)
=sin (sin ey1 sin'o sin ov1
-

y On squaring both si-

[sin(0 6)] 0- ¢
y =sin" (sin 0 cos - sin o cos 0) sin
-
=

X1+y)
=

y sinx -sin vx +y) *-y)

1 y1+x)
dy
dx V1-2vi-x 2
 167
DiferemaCa
ontial
Caiculus

y sec

1
d-sec 80 tan (x° + 30°) tan (x°
+ 30)

dx 5) 180 Ssec

e(x +va
(r
log
+
v3 +a*) »
¥..
dx
y= X+ Vx+ a
2

y =logtan
dy
dx

1
1 sec X.
COSX
2sin cos
y =cos cos22
14. 1+4 1+(2*2
tan 0
Let 2
=

y = cos (sin 20) = cos -29 - 2tan(2)

2log2 log 2 2 log 2

1+(2 1+4
tan 6
() Let 6
=

2 tan
y | =sin (sin 20) = 26
1+tan0
y=2tan (6) dy 2 6 log6
dx 1+(6)

Gi) Let 5 =rcos 6, 4

=r sin 0 rr=41 r =
y41 and tan =

r cos 6 sin x + r sin 6s i n sinsin(r+0) =x+0=x+ tan

y sin V41

x/i+y = -yv1+x
5
On squaring both sides, we get
-=y*-y
1+y)=1+x) x+y=-)y
r + y ) r-y) = -y-y)
y(1+ x) = -x
y
1+X

dy1(1 +x)-1X= _
dx (1+x) (1+x)
 cos6-0sin0)= a0sin
d
dacos6-(1
Note t
(NoNote
4 = sec20 0 cos
=Sec?6.
12
Ondifferentiating w.r.t. x, -
-4aTt
sec2)-x(-2)
2an
1
dlo2 1
2.-a-sint 2 sinfcos
sin cos
a - s i nt +
-

sec ,
(i)
tan
2 a cost

sint
asin+
Sina-sin
sint
sint

dy = a cost
dt
a cost
sin=t tan
a cos" t -sin 2t) 2 s i n t
dr

3sint costtVcos 2 cos2t t

2sinte
+2sin cost.
(iv) dr cos 2t 2sin"t)+
sint)
i n tcos
t(1
-

cost(1-2
3 ssint
3
dt sin 2t
sint c o s2 ) 3 / 2

cos2 +

3 sintcost( c o s2 ) 3 / 2 sin t cost sin 3t

4 sin°)t)_ S i nt coSt
t(3
cost(3
sint cos sin
t
sint-4
-

Sin
sin"t.cost sint (cos2t)3/2
(cos 3/2
3 sintcost-4
(cos2)3/2
(-sin cost
2t) 2.cos°t
2 sin 2t)-2.
3 cos t(-sint)Vcos 2ycos 2t
Cos 2t
cos°t -1) + 2sin t cost.
c o s t - 3 sin
t cos t(2
cost cos2t + 2sin t cost (cos2t)3/2
-3sint (cos2t)3/2
cos 3t
3 c o s t ) - s i n t cost
c o s " t - s i n t cost(4
cos" t -

4 sint cos't + 3 sin t (cos2)3/2

(cos2t)3/2
(cos2 t ) /

From Eqs. () and (i), we get

dySin t cost cos 3t

= - cot 3t.

dr sin t cost sin 3t

entalCalcuus
169

y =tan1+Sinx xtan cos-sin

2
cos Sin+2 sincos X
2

tan cos-sincossin tan

cos sin
X

tan
1 tan

cossin 2 cossin, 1+ tan 2)

tan tan
tan 2
tan
+tan tan

dx

1-
b sin tan x +tan X
=tan| COS
r
-

\b cos x +a sin|x= tan

y = Cot a
)
b
- + tan X 1-tanx
cot
tan 6+tan x
F
where tan 0
1- tan 0tan x)
cot tan( + x)] =

cot cot(+x)
y--x+ tan1
dx
Putx= COs 20
ii)
-1 V2cos -V2sin^ e sin 0
tan-1/ Cos
-

y = tan

v2 cos9+ v2sin2e cos +sin 0)

-1(1- tan=
tan
1+ tan 6
tan
1

cos+Sin+2sincos 2 cos+sin 2
2sincos
(iv) y =cot
X
cossin+2sin
2 cos cos+sin-2sincos
COS+sin+si - COS
Cot

cossinsin+o2
 170 of Mathem
VATSAL ISC Handbookof

cos> 0 Sins
sin

root.
square
Always take the positive
5r4

cor ncoto
dy -
y-4-e2 2-4
18. () y =e+
e- yy2-4 '- -
s 4
-e =
=e
=e+e dx
Now, y
dy dx

(1) 4 1 y+X dy0 dr

anday=y . ay =y(4) the

result.
+y+2x = t++2
we get
n adding Eqs. (i) and (ii),

Cin) (ay -
+2
=1
2ri- 2
0 dx
+1 y =

xx +2 36

= 36
(iv)
2+2x
=
34 1y+x.dx
+ r 34ty dx
1

(a + bx) dx 1+ (a + bx)*
Lety=tan
19
b 1+a
= 1(given)
dr-0 14+a2
V1 +2-V-2 Put x cos 20.
Let u = tan . =

20. 6)
v1+ +V1 -x
[Same as Q
u = tan

cos2

dx
(2x)
erEmn

Let v =s i n | 2 x
Put x 171
=
tan 0. V
dy 2 sin (sin 20)
dx 4 2 2tanx =

Now, we
differentiate uw.r.t. v, i.e., du
.ii)

dv Eg. (i)
)Let u =
(sin x)* logu Eq. (ii)
=

xlog (sin x) 1 du
du = u
[log (sin x) + x
u dr log (sin x) +x COS X
cot x)- (sin Sin x
x* [log (sin x)+
= = (cos x x cot x}
and
logv =
sin x ...()
dv log(cos x)
v de cos x
log (cos x) -

sin .
dv sin x
(cos x [cos x log(cos x) COS x
dx
sinx tan x]
Let y (sin x)' + (cos x)Sin =u +v ...i)
dy + Eq. G)+
dx dx Eq. Gi) Take out cos x common from Eq. (i)]
x |2sin2
. 0) flx)
21. f{X) =,Cos
1+cos x 2 cos2
-n
tan and in II quadrant tan < 0

f)-se2
-1

(i) fx)= sec (2x)

FCx) 2
2x V4x2-1
f-) = 3
2 -1 4 -1 2

fx) = lcos x - sinx= sin x cos x

Atx .sin xcosx >0
.fx) = cos x+ sin x flR/2) = c o s s i n 1
2

2. (a +bx)eYx =x
a + bx -log
#logx -log (a +bx)
 VATSAL ISC Handbook
172
On
differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy y
Mathema
ax
dy - 1 y
dx
x 1 b a+bx
dx a t bx

Again differentiating wr.t. x, we get ax

a
bx)-
b
dy a(a +
2 (a + bx)
1 ( a br)
dr
a 2

a
d2 (a +bxy? *x
d (a br) 6)
2
cos2-2+4 =(sec 0 +Cos cos"0)
23. 4 = sec
e+ (sec" 0 +
2+4
y+ 4 =
sec2 e cos2" +
cos 0)
O(sec 0
+
=
tan
dr 6 + sin
de sec &tan 6(sec" e + coen
6 = n tan 0)
0 + n cos" 0 sin
= n
sec7-e. sec tan

de
cos" 0)
n(sec" O
+

dy sec + cos 6

0)
n (sec"0+cos"
+ cos 0)
dx (sec

=
cos
1 Va1
24. cos a2+1

w..t. x, we get
On differentiating

a+y)-/2r +2y -y)

2r-2 dx
=

x+y2
y + y ) + yr- y ] = x(x2 + y) - x ( - y ) = dx
dx
dLy(2x)=xt
dx
(r -a) + (y - b) = c
25.
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get

2r -a) + 20y - b)=0

dx
(x - a) + (y - b) = 0 X-a =
-(y -b)
dx dx
piferentalCalcutio
173

Aifferentiating w.r.t. x, we get

gain,
Asai
2
...(i)
dx,
- y- b - y
dx
value of
Puttingthe
of (y
(y b) from Eq. (ii)
-

in Eq. (i), we get

1 ..(iv)
X -a=
dkdy
dy
dx
(1i) and (iv)
From
Eqs. ),
72
dy
dy
dx
ax

de
2
dx dx

constant independent of a and b.

which is a
-1 tan- +tan
1
tan
26.
=

1+x+x)] L1+(x+3x +2) 1+(x+5x +6)

. . u pt o n terms
+tan
+tan+(?+7x+12)J
- (x+3)-(x+2)
-1x+1)-xtan-
tan
tan
tan1(x+2)-(x +1)an +tan
=

1+x(x +1)J L1+(x+ 1)(x 2)] 1+(x +2)(x + 3) +

tan-1+n)-{x +(n -1)}

t+..+tan 1+{x + (n - 1)}{x + n}

=[tan" ) -tanx]+ [tan ( 2 - tan (]+tan" 3 )

- tan 2 1 + . . .+ [tan (x+ n) - tan{x+ (n1H

y=tan (r+ n) -

tanx
1

1+(x +n) 1+x

27 f)=(1+) (1+x) (1+)1+

(1+x) (1+*)
(1-x) ftx) =(1 -x) (1 +x) (1 +r)
S r ) = r
1-)ftx) = 1 -x I - x
 VATSAL ISC
174 Handbook of
flx)
-16x1x)-

(1 )
(-1)(1
-x6)-16x5+16x16
+1-
(1 x)
x6
15x6MaMatthheemo
f - ) - 5 +1 6 1 3 2 8

(1 1)
2
dlf(tanx) sec" x
28. let u - fitan a) d
tan x
dv = g'(sec x) sec X
and y s(sec x) dr

du
S) sec
sec r 4 -2x 2
f(tan x)
diu
S(scc x) sec x
tan x dvlg2)tan4T
2ay xlb +a dx
29.
dy
2ay bx + ax dx

w.r. tor,
we get
Diffcrentiating

2ab1 dx

= b + ax

w.r. to a
Differentiating agan

axd0
dr dx

Since, third derivative is zero.

is definitely a constant.
Second derivative i.e.,