Kv2ci Fa
Kv2ci Fa
Kv2ci Fa
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Notice The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. GE makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. GE shall not be liable for errors contained herein or incidental consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. This document contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied or otherwise reproduced without consent of GE. Copyright (c) 2003 by GE Published in a limited copyright sense, and all rights, including trade secrets, are reserved. Document Edition - First 7/03
kV, Lexan, MeterMate, OPTOCOM, Power Guard, Site Genie, Fitzall , and SMARTCOUPLER are trademarks of GE.
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Table of Contents
1 MEASUREMENTS AND THE MEASUREMENT PROFILE ..............................1
1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Operation in Demand Mode ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2.1 Watt-hour Measurements............................................................................................................ 1 1.2.2 Varhour Measurements............................................................................................................... 2 1.2.3 Q-hour Measurements ................................................................................................................ 2 1.2.4 Volt-ampere-hour Measurements ............................................................................................... 3 1.2.5 Volt-squared-hour Measurements............................................................................................... 4 1.2.6 Ampere-squared-hour Measurements......................................................................................... 4 1.2.7 Voltage Measurements ............................................................................................................... 4 1.2.8 Current Measurements................................................................................................................ 4 1.2.9 Distortion Measurements............................................................................................................ 5 1.2.10 Measurement Profile................................................................................................................... 6 1.2.11 Other Available Momentary Interval Quantities ........................................................................ 6 1.3 1.4 1.5 Operation in Demand/Load Profile Mode...................................................................................... 7 Operation in Time of Use Mode ...................................................................................................... 7 Restrictions........................................................................................................................................ 7
3 SUMMATIONS ..................................................................................................9
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Operation in Demand Mode ............................................................................................................ 9 Operation in Demand/Load Profile Mode...................................................................................... 9 Operation in Time of Use Mode ...................................................................................................... 9 Restrictions...................................................................................................................................... 10
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4.1
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 10
4.2 Operation in Demand Mode .......................................................................................................... 11 4.2.1 Block and Rolling Demands..................................................................................................... 11 4.2.2 Thermal Emulation Demand..................................................................................................... 12 4.2.3 Cumulative Demand ................................................................................................................. 12 4.2.4 Continuously Cumulative Demand........................................................................................... 12 4.3 Operation in Demand/Load Profile Mode.................................................................................... 13 4.3.1 Block and Rolling Demands..................................................................................................... 13 4.3.2 Thermal Demand Emulation..................................................................................................... 13 4.3.3 Cumulative Demands ............................................................................................................... 13 4.3.4 Continuously Cumulative Demands ......................................................................................... 13 4.4 Operation in Time of Use Mode .................................................................................................... 13 4.4.1 Block and Rolling Demands..................................................................................................... 14 4.4.2 Thermal Emulation Demand..................................................................................................... 14 4.4.3 Cumulative Demand ................................................................................................................. 14 4.4.4 Continuously Cumulative Demand........................................................................................... 14 4.5 Restrictions...................................................................................................................................... 15
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Operation in Demand/Load Profile Mode.................................................................................... 22 Operation in Time of Use Mode .................................................................................................... 22 Restrictions...................................................................................................................................... 22
8.2 Operation in Demand Mode .......................................................................................................... 23 8.2.1 Pulse Outputs............................................................................................................................ 23 8.2.2 Demand Threshold Alert .......................................................................................................... 23 8.2.3 Load Control............................................................................................................................. 24 8.2.4 End of Interval .......................................................................................................................... 24 8.2.5 Power Factor Alert.................................................................................................................... 24 8.2.6 TOU Rate Alert ........................................................................................................................ 24 8.2.7 Real Time Pricing Alert............................................................................................................ 24 8.2.8 Diagnostic Alert........................................................................................................................ 24 8.2.9 Caution Alert ............................................................................................................................ 24 8.3 Operation in Demand/Load Profile Mode.................................................................................... 25
8.4 Operation in Time of Use Mode .................................................................................................... 25 8.4.1 Demand Threshold Alert .......................................................................................................... 25 8.4.2 Load Control............................................................................................................................. 25 8.4.3 Power Factor Alert.................................................................................................................... 25 8.4.4 TOU Rate Alert ........................................................................................................................ 25 8.5 Restrictions...................................................................................................................................... 25
9.3 Operation in Demand/Load Profile Mode.................................................................................... 25 9.3.1 Load Profile Data...................................................................................................................... 26 9.3.2 Interval Status ........................................................................................................................... 28 9.4 9.5 Operation in Time of Use Mode .................................................................................................... 30 Restrictions...................................................................................................................................... 30
10 SITE GENIE...................................................................................................30
10.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 30
10.2 Operation in Demand Mode .......................................................................................................... 30 10.2.1 Service Detection...................................................................................................................... 30 10.2.2 FitzallTM Support ...................................................................................................................... 31 10.2.3 Site Genie Diagnostics.............................................................................................................. 31
Operation in Demand/Load Profile Mode.................................................................................... 36 Operation in Time of Use Mode .................................................................................................... 36 Restrictions...................................................................................................................................... 36
12 PASSWORD RECOVERY.............................................................................37
12.1 12.2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 37 Operation ........................................................................................................................................ 37
13.2 Operation in Demand Mode .......................................................................................................... 38 13.2.1 Programmable Tables ............................................................................................................... 38 13.2.2 Readable Tables........................................................................................................................ 40 13.3 Operation in Demand/Load Profile Mode.................................................................................... 42
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17 SELF READ...................................................................................................45
17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 45 Operation in Demand Mode .......................................................................................................... 45 Operation in Demand/Load Profile Mode.................................................................................... 45 Operation in Time of Use Mode .................................................................................................... 45 Restrictions...................................................................................................................................... 45
18.3 Self-Test Errors .............................................................................................................................. 46 18.3.1 Battery Fail and Power Loss Er 000002 ................................................................................ 47 18.3.2 System Error Er 000020 ........................................................................................................ 47 18.3.3 Non-Volatile RAM Er 000200 .............................................................................................. 47 18.3.4 ROM Er 001000 .................................................................................................................... 47 18.3.5 Measurement Error Er 100000 .............................................................................................. 47 18.3.6 DAP Er 200000 ..................................................................................................................... 47 18.4 Self-Test Cautions........................................................................................................................... 47 18.4.1 Low Battery CA 000001........................................................................................................ 48 18.4.2 Unprogrammed Meter CA 000010 ........................................................................................ 48 18.4.3 Loss of Program CA 000040 ................................................................................................. 48 18.4.4 Unprogrammed and Loss of Program CA 000050 ................................................................ 48 18.4.5 Low Potential CA 000400 ..................................................................................................... 48 18.4.6 Demand Overload CA 004000 .............................................................................................. 49 18.4.7 Leading kvarh CA 040000..................................................................................................... 49 18.4.8 Received kWh CA 400000 .................................................................................................... 49
19.2 Operation ........................................................................................................................................ 49 19.2.1 Alternate Communications (A Switch)..................................................................................... 49 19.2.2 Measurement Switches (B, K, M and Q).................................................................................. 49 19.2.3 DSP Sample Output (D Switch) ............................................................................................... 50 19.2.4 Transformer Inaccuracy Correction (I Switch)......................................................................... 50 19.2.5 Transformer Loss Compensation (L Switch)............................................................................ 50 19.2.6 Pulse Initiator Outputs (P Switch) ............................................................................................ 50 19.2.7 Load Profile Recording Switches (R and X) ............................................................................ 51 19.2.8 Time of Use (T Switch) ............................................................................................................ 51 19.2.9 Voltage Event Monitor (V Switch)........................................................................................... 51 19.2.10 Waveform Capture (W Switch) ............................................................................................ 51 19.2.11 Totalization (Z Switch)......................................................................................................... 51 19.2.12 Demand (N Switch) ............................................................................................................. 52
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20.3 Metering in Test Mode ................................................................................................................... 52 20.3.1 Data Accumulations ................................................................................................................. 52 20.3.2 Summations .............................................................................................................................. 52 20.3.3 Demand Calculations................................................................................................................ 52 20.3.4 Demand Reset........................................................................................................................... 53 20.3.5 Power Factor............................................................................................................................. 54 20.4 20.5 20.6 Other Functions in Test Mode....................................................................................................... 54 Exiting Test Mode........................................................................................................................... 55 Restrictions...................................................................................................................................... 55
21.4 Operation in Time of Use Mode .................................................................................................... 55 21.4.1 Calendar.................................................................................................................................... 56 21.4.2 Tier Schedule............................................................................................................................ 58
22.2 Operation ........................................................................................................................................ 59 22.2.1 Input Pulse Scaling ................................................................................................................... 59 22.2.2 Totalization............................................................................................................................... 59 22.3 Restrictions...................................................................................................................................... 60
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24 VOLTAGE MONITOR....................................................................................63
24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 63 Operation in Demand Mode .......................................................................................................... 63 Operation in Demand/Load Profile Mode.................................................................................... 64 Operation in Time of Use Mode .................................................................................................... 64 Restrictions...................................................................................................................................... 64
26 OPTION BOARDS.........................................................................................64
26.1 26.2 26.3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 64 Operation ........................................................................................................................................ 64 Restrictions...................................................................................................................................... 65
27 TIMEKEEPING ..............................................................................................65
27.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 65 27.1.1 Timekeeping Accuracy............................................................................................................. 65 27.2 27.3 27.4 Operation in Demand Mode .......................................................................................................... 65 Operation in Demand/Load Profile Mode.................................................................................... 65 Operation in Time of Use Mode .................................................................................................... 66
28 DISPLAY .......................................................................................................66
28.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 66 28.1.1 KV2C Meter LCD .................................................................................................................... 66 28.1.2 Displayable Quantities.............................................................................................................. 67 28.1.3 Display Modes.......................................................................................................................... 67 28.1.4 Programmable Display Configuration Inputs ........................................................................... 67 28.1.5 Programmable Display Sequence Inputs .................................................................................. 68 28.2 Operation in Demand Mode .......................................................................................................... 68 28.2.1 Normal Display Mode .............................................................................................................. 68
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Alternate Display Mode............................................................................................................ 68 Site Genie Display Mode.......................................................................................................... 69 Frozen Condition Display Mode .............................................................................................. 69
Operation in Demand/Load Profile Mode................................................................................... 70 Operation in Time of Use Mode .................................................................................................... 70 Restrictions...................................................................................................................................... 70
34
REFERENCES ....................................................................................75
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1.2
Each of the above quantities can be specified to be fundamental only or fundamental plus harmonics. Some quantities require a soft switch; see section 1.5.
fuzzy varh x =
Qh =
1 2
Wh x +
x
3 2
varh x
x
Apparent VAh =
Wh x
) +(
2
varh x
) +(
2
distortion VAh x
The calculation for distortion VAh is given in section 1.2.9. Arithmetic apparent VAh is the arithmetic sum of the per element VAh quantities. Each per element apparent VAh quantity is calculated each momentary interval as follows:
Apparent VAh x =
(V h ) (I h )
2 x 2 x
Phasor VAh =
(Wh )2 + (varh)2
Equation 1-5 Whether the Wh and varh values are fundamental plus harmonics or fundamental only, and whether the varh quantity is IEEE varh or fuzzy varh, determines the type of Phasor VAh quantity that is calculated. Refer to section 1.5 for the soft switches that are required for the VAh quantities described above.
Distortion VAh x =
(V h ) (I h ) (Wh
2 x 2 x
)2 (varh x )2
Distortion PFx =
Distortion power factor is not given a sign; it is always positive. The sum of all elements apparent VAh in the calculation is not the arithmetic sum of the per element apparent VAh quantities. It is the result of the apparent VAh calculation described by Equation 1-4. The Q switch (see section 1.5) is required if distortion power factors are to be used in Data Accumulations (section 2), Summations (section 3), Demand Calculations (section 4), or Load Profile (section 9). The Q switch is not required to display the most recent momentary interval distortion power factors (see section 1.2.11) or for Site Genie functions.
TDD x =
Max installation current is a programmed value. Typically it is set to the class amps.
VTHD x =
ITHD x =
where x = element A, B, C
Although it is possible in some cases for the denominators to be larger than the numerators in these calculations, the KV2C does not allow the values to exceed 100%. The Q switch (see section 1.5) is required if THD measures are to be used in Data Accumulations (section 2), Summations (section 3), Demand Calculations (section 4), or Load Profile (section 9). The Q switch is not required to display the most recent momentary interval THD measures (see section 1.2.11) or for Site Genie functions.
1.3
The measurements available and the function of the measurement profile in Demand/Load Profile mode are identical to Demand mode.
1.4
The measurements available and the function of the measurement profile in TOU mode are identical to Demand mode.
1.5
Restrictions
Four soft switches control what measurement profile quantities the meter will calculate for data accumulations, summations, demands, load profile data, and power factor data: Quantities available with no measurement upgrades Wh sum of elements delivered only Wh sum of elements received only Wh sum of elements |delivered| - |received| Wh sum of elements |delivered| + |received| Frequency Quantities available with the kVA/kvar/kQ upgrade (K switch) Varh sum of elements lagging only Varh sum of elements leading only Varh sum of elements |lagging| - |leading| Varh sum of elements |lagging| + |leading| Qh Apparent VAh Arithmetic apparent VAh Phasor apparent VAh Quantities available with By Quadrant Measurements upgrade (B switch) Wh per quadrant Varh per quadrant Apparent VAh per quadrant Arithmetic apparent VAh per quadrant Phasor apparent VAh per quadrant
2 Data Accumulations
2.1 Introduction
The purpose of the Data Accumulations feature is to take advantage of the measurement capability of the KV2C meter without the need to store large quantities of data by TOU rate or in demand reset/season change/self-read areas or the need to require users to purchase load profile soft-switches.
2.2
The quantities accumulated in the Data Accumulations are specified by the Measurement Profile (see section 1.2.10). Each minute, the selected quantities are updated with the data that has accumulated over that minute. One-minute accumulations of integrated quantities, such as Wh, varh, VAh, Qh, I2h, and V2h, are added to the overall values. Non integrated quantities, i.e. those that represent an average over one momentary interval, are not added. Rather, as part of the measurement profile entries for each of these quantities, there must be an operation: max, min, or store. The definitions for these operations are given in section 1.2.10. For max quantities, the one-minute accumulation contains the maximum momentary interval value collected during that minute. For min quantities, it contains the minimum momentary interval value. For store quantities, it contains the most recent momentary interval value. Updating the overall
2.3
The Data Accumulations feature in Demand/Load Profile mode operates identically to the way it does in Demand mode.
2.4 2.5
The Data Accumulations feature in TOU mode operates identically to the way it does in Demand mode.
Unlike billing measurements such as Demands and Summations, Data Accumulations are not saved as part of demand reset, season change, or self read data. Nor are they saved by TOU rate. If a given Data Accumulations quantity requires a soft switch, and that soft switch is not present in the meter, the quantity will be set to zero. The soft switches that control what quantities are available are described in section 1.5.
3 Summations
3.1 Introduction
Summations are similar to Data Accumulations. Like Data Accumulations, Summations can be integrated quantities (e.g. Wh, varh, VAh) as well as momentary interval averages with a defined operation (e.g. element A voltage, max). Also like Data Accumulations, Summations are updated each minute with the data collected over that minute. Refer to section 2.2 for more details. Up to five Summations can be specified in the KV2C meter. This five is a subset of the quantities defined in the Measurement Profile. The selection is made when creating a program with MeterMate Program Manager (Basic Meter Configuration Support Table).
3.2
In a demand only meter, there are two sets of Summations. One set is updated only when the meter is in Real Time Pricing (RTP) mode, the other set is updated when the meter is in normal mode and in RTP mode. Summations are saved as part of the previous demand reset data as well as the self read data. Summations (current revenue and previous demand reset) are displayable on the meters LCD and may be read and viewed using MeterMate DOS or MeterMate COMM.
3.3
The Summations feature in Demand/Load Profile mode operates identically to the way it does in Demand mode.
3.4
In a TOU meter there are five sets of Summations. There are the overall summations, which accumulate regardless of the TOU rate in effect, and one set each for TOU rates A through D. Summations are saved as part of the previous demand reset data, previous season data, and self read data.
3.5
Restrictions
If a given Summations quantity requires a soft switch, and that soft switch is not present in the meter, the quantity will be set to zero. The soft switches that control what quantities are available are described in section 1.5.
4 Demand Calculations
4.1 Introduction
The KV2C meter can compute demands using rolling demand, block demand, or thermal demand emulation algorithms. Note: The term maximum demand is used throughout this section. Its meaning is more general than it has been in previous meters. The KV2C meter does not restrict values treated as demands to kW/kvar/kVA/kQ. For example, maximum element A line-to-neutral voltage fundamental plus harmonics may be computed as a demand value. In the case of thermal demand, only one demand value may be specified. There are a number of programmable parameters which control how the Demand Calculations feature operates. These parameters are selectable when creating programs with MeterMate Program Manager (Basic Meter Configuration Support Table for all parameters except End of Interval Duration, which is available in the I/O & Alerts Support Table): Type of demand to be calculated (block, rolling, or thermal). The selection of demands to be computed by the meter. This is specified by selecting five of the twenty available measures in the Measurement Profile for meters programmed for block and rolling demand, or one of the twenty for meters programmed for thermal demand. Quantities in the Measurement Profile that are defined as min or store quantities may not be selected as demands. The selection of two coincident values for each of the five selected demand values (block and rolling demand only; there are no coincident demands available with thermal emulation demands). Each coincident value for a demand may be either one of the other four demands or a power factor value. The power factor value is defined as a quotient of two of the selected demands. Up to two different coincident power factors can be defined. Power fail exclusion time the length of time, in minutes, after power up, during which the meter will not compute demands. Subinterval multiplier number of subintervals per interval (rolling demand only, see Table 4-1 below). Subinterval length length, in minutes, of a demand subinterval (rolling demand only, see Table 4-1 below). Interval length length, in minutes, of a demand interval (block demand only, see Table 4-1 below). End of interval duration amount of time, in seconds, for which the EOI annunciator is lit at the end of a demand calculation and an EOI output (if the meter is programmed to do that) is asserted. (sub) interval length Subintervals per interval 1 (block demand) 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 15 20 30 60
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
10
X X X
4.2
In a Demand meter there are two sets of demands. The first is the normal mode set of maximum demands, which is calculated when the meter is operating in normal mode, i.e. not in real time pricing mode. The second is the real time pricing set, which is only calculated when the meter is operating in real time pricing mode. For a meter programmed for block or rolling demand, each set of demands contains of up to five quantities. For a meter programmed for thermal emulation, each set contains only one demand. See section 4.1 for more information. Maximum and cumulative (see section 4.2.4) demands (current revenue, previous demand reset, and previous season) are displayable on the meters LCD. Demands may also be read and viewed with MeterMate DOS or MeterMate COMM. Previous interval demands (for block and rolling demand calculations) or current thermal demands, as well as momentary interval averages for the selected demands, are displayable on the meters LCD.
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1 392.4 I n is the current thermal demand reading I n = I n -1 + (Pn I n -1 ) I n -1 is the previous thermal demand reading Pn is the current momentary interval demand
Equation 4-1 Each momentary interval a new thermal demand, referred to as the current demand reading (In in Equation 4-1), is calculated. If real-time pricing is not active, the current thermal demand reading is compared to the overall maximum demand; if it is larger than the current overall maximum demand, then the current overall max demand is set to the current demand reading. If real-time pricing is active, the current thermal demand reading is compared to the real-time pricing maximum demand; if it is larger than the real-time pricing maximum demand, then the real-time pricing max demand is set to the current demand reading. Coincident demands are not available in a KV2C meter programmed for thermal demand calculations.
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4.3
The same demands available in a Demand meter are also available in a Demand/Load Profile meter. See section 4.2.
4.4
In a TOU meter there are five sets of demands. There are the overall maximum demands, which are calculated regardless of the TOU rate in effect, and one set each for TOU rates A through D. For a meter programmed for block or rolling demand, each set of demands contains of up to five quantities. For a meter programmed for thermal emulation, each set contains only one demand. See section 4.1 for more information. Demands (maximums and cumulatives, see section 4.4.3) are saved as part of the previous demand reset data, previous season data, and self read data. Maximum and cumulative (see section 4.4.4) demands (current revenue, previous demand reset, and previous season) are displayable on the meters LCD. Demands may also be read and viewed with MeterMate DOS or MeterMate COMM.
13
Previous interval demands (for block and rolling demand calculations) or current thermal demands, as well as momentary interval averages for the selected demands, are displayable on the meters LCD. Data that is collected in one TOU rate is never used to calculate demands in a different TOU rate.
14
4.5
Restrictions
No soft switches are required to compute block, rolling, or thermal demands. However, if a selected demand quantity requires a soft switch, and that soft switch is not present, that demand will be set to zero. The soft switches that control what quantities are available are described in section 1.5.
5 Demand Reset
5.1 Introduction
A demand reset causes two general actions to take place: 1. Billing data at the time of the demand rest is saved as previous reset data; and 2. Maximum demands are reset and cumulative demands are updated. Other actions occur depending on the operating mode of the meter and the type of demand reset that occurred.
5.2
In a KV2C operating in Demand mode, there are three methods of performing a demand reset: Activating the reset switch Sending the appropriate PSEM command during a communication session After a programmable number of hours since the last demand reset. When a demand reset is initiated, the following operations will occur: If the reset was initiated by a button press, the demand reset inhibit flag is checked. The demand reset inhibit flag is may be set to true or false when programming a meter with MeterMate DOS or MeterMate COMM (Configure menu). If the flag is true, the demand reset will not be performed (i.e. none of the other steps listed are performed). Otherwise, the demand reset exclusion timer is checked. If this timer has not expired, the demand reset will not be performed. The demand reset exclusion time is the time, in minutes, that must elapse before an additional demand reset is allowed. The display shows all segments for one scroll period. The demand reset exclusion timer is set to the programmed reset exclusion time. The demand reset exclusion time is selectable when creating programs with MeterMate Program Manager (Basic Configuration Support Table). The following data, which is available as the last reset data, is saved to non-volatile memory. - summations values (see section 3) - 5 real-time pricing summations values (see section 3) - For block and rolling demand meters: 5 max demand values, each with 2 coincident values; for thermal demand: 1 max demand (no coincident values) (see section 4) - For block and rolling demand meters: 5 real-time pricing max demand values, each with 2 coincident values; for thermal demand: 1 real-time pricing max demand (see section 4) - For block and rolling demand meters: 5 cumulative demands; for thermal demand: 1 cumulative demand (see section 4) (Note: last reset continuously cumulative demand for each demand listed above is available for display only. It is calculated as the sum of the last reset max demand and the last reset cumulative demand.) - For block and rolling demand meters: 5 real-time pricing cumulative demands; for thermal demand: 1 real-time pricing cumulative demand (see section 4) - 2 power factor accumulators (see section 6) For each of the ten demands (block and rolling demand meters) or two demands (thermal demand meters), the max demands are added to the cumulative demands to generate the new cumulative demands (see section 4.3.2). For a meter programmed for block or rolling demand, all maximum demands and their coincident values are zeroed. For a meter programmed for rolling demand, the data accumulated in all demand subintervals except for the current one are zeroed. For a meter programmed for thermal demand, if real-time pricing is not active, the non-real-time pricing max demand is set to the current thermal demand reading and the real-time pricing max
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5.3
The demand reset function in Demand/Load Profile Mode is identical to the demand reset function in Demand Mode.
5.4
In a KV2C meter programmed for TOU operation, there are two types of demand resets: manual and automatic. A manual demand reset can be initiated by the following actions: Activating the reset switch Sending the appropriate PSEM command during a communication session After a programmable number of hours since the last demand reset An automatic demand reset can be initiated by the following actions (see section 21 for more information): Action specified as a calendar event As part of an automatic season change When a pending table takes effect When a demand reset is initiated, the following operations will occur: If the reset was initiated by a button press, the demand reset inhibit flag is checked. If the flag is true, the demand reset will not be performed (i.e. none of the other steps listed are performed). Otherwise, the demand reset exclusion timer is checked. If this timer has not expired, the demand reset will not be performed. The demand reset exclusion time is the time, in minutes, that must elapse before an additional demand reset is allowed. The display shows all segments for one scroll period. The demand reset exclusion timer is set to the programmed reset exclusion time (manual demand reset only). The following data, which is available as the last reset data, is saved to non-volatile memory: - overall summations values (see section 3). - 5 summations for each TOU rate (see section 3). - 2 power factor accumulators (see section 6). - For block and rolling demand meters: 5 overall max demand values, each with 2 coincident values; for thermal demand: 1 overall max demand (no coincident values) (see section 4). - For block and rolling demand meters: 5 max demand values for each TOU rate, each with 2 coincident values; for thermal demand: 1 max demand for each TOU rate (no coincident values) (see section 4). - For block and rolling demand meters: 5 overall cumulative demands; for thermal demand: 1 overall cumulative demand (see section 4). - For block and rolling demand meters: 5 cumulative demands for each TOU rate; for thermal demand: 1 cumulative demand for each TOU rate (see section 4).
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5.5
None.
Restrictions
6 Power Factor
6.1 Introduction
The KV2C calculates an average power factor value. Both the numerator and denominator are selected from the quantities defined in the Measurement Profile (see section 1). The two quantities selected must both be summed quantities; i.e. minimum, maximum, and store quantities must not be selected. For example, a typical numerator selection would be fundamental plus harmonics watthours, |delivered| |received|; a typical denominator selection would be apparent VAh. There is a current billing period average power factor and a previous demand reset average power factor. The average power factor values are not stored in the meter. The meter calculates them when it displays an average power factor. The data can also be read, and the result of the power factor calculation displayed, with MeterMate DOS or MeterMate COMM.
6.2
Each minute the meter updates accumulators from which average power factor is calculated with the data accumulated during that minute. The power factor accumulators are updated whether or not real-time pricing is in effect. The average power factor accumulators are zeroed when a demand reset is performed (see section 5).
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6.3
The power factor function in Demand/Load Profile Mode is identical to the power factor function in Demand Mode.
6.4
In TOU mode, the KV2C can be programmed to accumulate average power factor data continuously (i.e. regardless of the current TOU rate) or only during a specific TOU rate. This information can be specified when creating programs with MeterMate Program Manager (Basic Meter Configuration Support Table). If the meter is programmed to accumulate power factor continuously, or the meter is currently operating in the specified TOU rate, it updates the average power factor accumulators as described in section 6.2. Otherwise, it does not update the accumulators. The average power factor accumulators are saved when a season change occurs in a TOU meter. The previous season average power factor may be displayed on the meters LCD. The data can also be read, and the result of the power factor calculation displayed, with MeterMate DOS or MeterMate COMM.
6.5
Restrictions
If a selected average power factor quantity requires a soft switch, and that soft switch is not present in the meter, the quantity will be set to zero. The soft switches that control what quantities are available are described in section 1.5.
7 Event log
7.1 Introduction
The Event Log, which requires the E soft switch, captures information about alerts, diagnostics, cautions, communication and meter operations. The Event Log is useful for checking for application errors, equipment malfunctions, evidence of tampering, and proper operation of the meter. The meter maintains up to 500 of the most recent events. Each event type can be enabled or disabled. Event Log highlights: Requires the E soft switch (MeterMate DOS or MeterMate COMM Upgrade). Stores up to 500 events (MeterMate Program Manager Recorder Options Editor). Records 9 Standard Events and 28 Manufacturer Events (MeterMate Program Manager Meter Diagnostics Editor Site Genie Site Diagnostics and Event Log Tabs). Records the date & time (TOU and Demand/LP only), unique sequence #, operator, event and any additional data for each event. Use MeterMate DOS or MeterMate COMM Reset Unprogram command to clear the Event Log (Master Reset will not clear the Event Log).
7.2
18
Table 7-1 Events Logged 1. 2. 3. The event is logged when the condition clears; however, the caution will remain on the display until cleared by a Demand Reset. The meter only records when it enters Calibration mode. It is not necessary to record when the meter exits Calibration Mode since the meter does not keep time during Calibration Mode. See Table 7-2 for a description of the Revenue Guard+ arguments. Description Event End (see note) Phase A low Phase B low Phase C low Value 0 1 2 3
19
20
7.2.1.10
A Diagnostic 5 event is logged along with the element on which the high distortion occurred (A, B, C or total) when Diagnostic 5 is set. Likewise, a Diagnostic 5 Condition Cleared event is logged when the diagnostic is cleared. See Section 10 for more information on Diagnostic 5.
7.2.1.11
A Diagnostic 6 event is logged along with the element on which the under voltage occurred (element A only) when Diagnostic 6 is set. Likewise, a Diagnostic 6 Condition Cleared event is logged when the diagnostic is cleared. See Section 10 for more information on Diagnostic 6.
7.2.1.12
A Diagnostic 7 event is logged along with the element on which the over voltage occurred (element A only) when Diagnostic 7 is set. Likewise, a Diagnostic 7 Condition Cleared event is logged when the diagnostic is cleared. See Section 10 for more information on Diagnostic 7.
7.2.1.13
A Diagnostic 8 event is logged when Diagnostic 8 is set. Likewise, a Diagnostic 8 Condition Cleared event is logged when the diagnostic is cleared. See Section 10 for more information on Diagnostic 8.
7.2.1.14
A Low Potential (Caution 000400) event is logged along with the element with the low potential (A, B, or C) when Caution 000400 is set. Likewise, a Low Potential Condition Cleared event is logged when the caution is cleared. See Section 18 for more information on the Under Voltage Caution.
7.2.1.15
A Demand Overload (Caution 004000) event is logged when Caution 004000 is set. Likewise, a Demand Overload Condition Cleared event is logged when the condition is cleared. See Section 18 for more information on the Demand Overload Caution.
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7.2.1.16
A Received Energy (Caution 400000) event is logged when Caution 400000 is set. Likewise, a Received Energy (Caution 400000) Condition Cleared event is logged when the condition is cleared. See Section 18 for more information on the Received Energy Caution.
7.2.1.17
A Leading Quadergy (Caution 040000) event is logged when Caution 040000 is set. . Likewise, a Leading Quadergy (Caution 040000) Condition Cleared event is logged when the condition is cleared. See Section 18 for more information on the Leading Quadergy Caution. Note: The Demand Overload, Leading Quadergy, and Received Energy cautions remain set in the meter even after the condition clears. They must be cleared by a manual demand reset. However, the event log entry is made when the condition clears.
7.2.1.18
A Real Time Pricing Activated event is logged when Real Time Pricing is activated (includes the wait time). Likewise, a Real Time Pricing Deactivated event is logged when Real Time Pricing is deactivated. The Real Time Pricing events can be used to verify the correct operation of the meter during a real time pricing instance. See Section 16 for more information on Real Time Pricing.
7.2.1.19
A Calibration Mode Activated event is logged when Calibration Mode is activated. There is no equivalent Calibration Mode Deactivated event since the meter does not advance time while in Calibration Mode.
7.2.1.20
Revenue Guard+
A Revenue Guard+ event is logged when the meter switches into or out of 2--element operation along with the missing element. See Section 30.1 for more information on Revenue Guard+.
7.3
All of the events can be recorded in Demand/Load Profile Mode. The event time stamp will contain the date and time the event was recorded.
7.4
All of the events can be recorded in Demand/Load Profile Mode. The event time stamp will contain the date and time the event was recorded.
7.5
Restrictions
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Function Pulse Outputs Demand Threshold Alert Load Control End of Interval Power Factor Alert TOU Rate Alert RTP Alert Diagnostic Alert Caution Alert
Demand Y Y N Y Y N Y Y Y
Demand LP Y Y N Y Y N Y Y Y
TOU Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Comm Y N Y Y N Y Y N N
Test Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N
8.2
data accumulated during previous momentary inteval programmed value of each pulse
Equation 8-1 The meter sets the time between each pulse for a momentary interval such that the rate remains constant over that momentary interval. Any remainder left after the calculation described in Equation 8-1 is performed is added to the accumulation from the next momentary interval. The meter should be programmed such that the maximum output pulse rate is no higher than 30 pulses per second for the load conditions it is expected to see. The Measurement Profile quantities to be output and the value of each pulse are selectable when creating programs with MeterMate Program Manager (I/O & Alerts Support Table).
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8.3
All of the pulse outputs and alerts in a Demand/Load Profile meter operate identically to the way they do in Demand mode.
8.4
The pulse outputs, end of interval alert, real time pricing alert, diagnostic alert, and caution alert operate identically in meters programmed for Demand mode and meters programmed for TOU mode. The operation of the others is described below.
8.5
Restrictions
The meter must have a simple or complex I/O board to output pulses or set alerts. The meter will not output pulses unless the P (Pulse Output) soft switch is enabled. Note: this soft switch is enabled in all KV2C meters at the factory.
9.2 9.3
Load Profile Recording is only supported in a Demand/Load Profile and TOU meters.
Load Profile recording requires either an R (4-channel recording) or X (20-channel recording) and a battery. Soft Switch R Channels 14 Storage 64KB
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Table 9-1 Load Profile Soft Switches Load Profile data is organized into blocks. Each block consists of a Block End Time (the date and time of the last interval recorded in that block), Block End Reading(s) (a meter readings for each channel) and interval data. Blocks are stored in a circular queue. When all of load profile memory is filled with blocks, the next block will over write the oldest block. Interval times represent the end time for the interval. All interval times are synchronized with midnight (i.e. the last interval of the day ends at midnight). The number of blocks of interval data stored in the meter can be limited Interval Length (minutes) 10 15 146.0 219.0 73.3 110.0 54.7 82.0 40.0 60.0
Channels 1 2 3 4
Channels 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
43.8 22.1 16.5 12.1 10.2 8.3 7.3 6.3 5.7 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.6
5 219.0 110.3 82.7 60.3 51.0 41.3 36.7 31.7 28.7 25.3 23.7 21.3 20.0 18.3 17.3 16.0 15.3 14.3 13.7 13.0
Interval Length (minutes) 10 15 438.0 657.0 220.7 331.0 165.3 248.0 120.7 181.0 102.0 153.0 82.7 124.0 73.3 110.0 63.3 95.0 57.3 86.0 50.7 76.0 47.3 71.0 42.7 64.0 40.0 60.0 36.7 55.0 34.7 52.0 32.0 48.0 30.7 46.0 28.7 43.0 27.3 41.0 26.0 39.0
30 1314.0 662.0 496.0 362.0 306.0 148.0 220.0 190.0 172.0 152.0 142.0 128.0 120.0 110.0 104.0 96.0 92.0 86.0 82.0 78.0
60 2628.0 1324.0 992.0 724.0 612.0 496.0 440.0 380.0 344.0 304.0 284.0 256.0 240.0 220.0 208.0 192.0 184.0 172.0 164.0 156.0
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3.
4.
The meter can accumulate up to 32,767 units/interval. Under some combinations of service connection, voltage, and interval length, pulse counts greater than this may be generated. The raw units accumulated during a load profile interval may need to be scaled to fit in 32,767. MeterMate can program a Scale Factor (SF) from 1 to 10 to reduce the number of units stored. The example below shows a maximum unit counts for a 15-minute interval with a SF of 1. Service 1 2W 1 3W P Network P 3W P 4W Wye P 4W 120 12,800 25,600 22,170 38,400 Voltage 240 25,600 25,600 44,341 88,681 42,466 84,933 277 480 51,200 51,200 88,681
Table 9-4 Unit Counts for a Class 320 KV2C with 320 amps applied for 15 minutes
Service 1 2W 1 3W P Network P 3W
277
27
Service P 4W Wye P 4W
120 27,000
277 62,354
480 62,354
Table 9-5 Unit Counts for a Class 20 KV2C with 15 amps applied for 15 minutes
9.3.2.1.1
Daylight Savings
The meter sets the Daylight Savings flag in the Common Status if the interval was recorded during Daylight Savings. The meter automatically adjusts its clock in the spring for Daylight Savings time (spring forward) and in the fall for Standard time (fall back) based on the Programmable Dates. See Section 21 for more information on Daylight Savings Programmable Dates.
9.3.2.1.2
Power Outage
The meter sets the Power Outage flag in the Common Status if a power outage, which exceeded the Load Profile Outage duration, occurred during any portion of the Load Profile interval. The length of a power outage necessary to mark a power outage can be set in the MeterMate Recorder Option Editor from 0 seconds (any outage) to over 18 hours in 1-second increments. If the outage did not exceed the Load Profile Outage duration, the interval will not be marked.
9.3.2.1.3
The meter sets the Clock Reset Forward flag in the Common Status if the meters clock was advanced during the interval. The clock may have been changed automatically by a Spring Daylight Savings Programmable Date or by MeterMate because the meters clock was slow by more than the allowed tolerance. Advancing the clock in the meter may result in a partial or long interval. See the descriptions of the Partial and Long Extended Status below.
9.3.2.1.4
The meter sets the Clock Reset Backward flag in the Common Status if the meters clock was changed backwards during the interval. The clock may have been changed automatically by a Fall Daylight Savings Programmable Date or by MeterMate because the meters clock was fast by more than the allowed
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9.3.2.2.1
Overflow/Underflow
The meter sets the Overflow/Underflow Extended Status when the scaled value for a channel exceeds the range of values that can be stored (-32,768 to 32,767). To prevent Overflow/Underflow, increase the Scale Factor (SF) in the MeterMate Recorder Option Editor.
9.3.2.2.2
Partial Interval
The meter sets the Partial Interval Extended Status for a channel when the actual duration of the interval is less than the interval length. A partial interval could be caused by the following conditions: First interval recorded Restarting Load Profile recording (e.g. MeterMate Master Reset) Clock Reset Forward/Backward For example, a meter is programmed with a 15-minute load profile interval. At 08:02, the meters time is advanced 8 minutes to 08:10. Prior to the time change, there were 13 minutes remaining in the interval. After the time change, there were only 5 minutes remaining in the interval. The current interval is marked as a Partial interval. Interval Length: 15 mintues Current Time: 08:02 New Time: 08:10 Time Remaining in Interval: Time Remaining in Interval 13 minutes 05 minutes
Partial
9.3.2.2.3
Long Interval
The meter sets the Long Interval Extended Status for a channel when the actual duration of the interval is longer than the interval length. A long interval can only be caused by a Clock Reset Forward/Backward. For example, a meter is programmed with a 15-minute load profile interval. At 13:44, the meters time is moved back 8 minutes to 13:37. Prior to the time change, there was 1 minute remaining in the interval. After the time change, there were 8 minutes remaining in the interval. The current interval is marked as a Long interval. Interval Length: 15 mintues Current Time: 13:44 New Time: 13:37 Time Remaining in Interval: Time Remaining in Interval 01 minute 08 minutes
Long
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The meter sets the Test Mode Extended Status for a channel if the meter was in Test Mode for any part of the interval. The meter does not accumulate data collecting during Test Mode. The first and last Test Mode intervals will contain data from the portion of the interval not in Test Mode.
9.4 9.5
The operation of Load Profile Recording in TOU Mode is identical to Demand/Load Profile operation.
Load Profile recording requires either the R (4-channel recording) or X (20-channel recording) soft switch and a battery for timekeeping during outages. The quantities available for recording depend on the soft switches installed in the meter. See section 1.5 for a list of what soft switch is required for each quantity.
10 Site Genie
10.1 Introduction
This section will describe service detection (automatic and manual), FitzallTM support, and the operation of the Site Genie diagnostics.
10.2 Operation in Demand Mode 10.2.1 Service Detection 10.2.1.1 Automatic Service Detection
At various times the meter automatically determines the metered service by examining the element voltages and the phase angles between the voltages. This occurs immediately after power-up, ten minutes after power-up, daily if programmed to do so, after a demand reset if programmed to do so, and after a programming session. The form 1, 2, 3, 4, and 36 meters are used with a specific service and do not require automatic service determination at power up. Form 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, 25, 45, 48, and 56 meters can be used with more than one service and therefore require automatic service determination at power up. In this case, the meter uses three sets of phase angle data gathered over 3 seconds to check the service as defined below. If the three checks give inconsistent results, the meter will keep checking until three consecutive checks give the same result or until 60 seconds have been elapsed. If 60 seconds pass without three consecutive checks giving the same result, a service error is set. Diagnostics are disabled while the service is being determined. They remain disabled if the meter cannot successfully detect a service. The phase C voltage angle is checked to determine if the angle is, with respect to the phase A voltage angle, 60, 90, 120, 180 degrees within 10 degrees. When three valid angles are determined the service is determined based on the angle and the ANSI form. In forms 45 and 56, if the angle is 90 then the phase A and C voltage magnitudes must be checked to differentiate between a 4WD and a 2P5W service. If Vc Va, within +-5%, the service is 2P5W, otherwise the meter assumes that Vc Va / 2 * 3 and the service is 4WD.
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Table 10-1 Expected Phase C Voltage Angles The meter will re-determine the electrical service on a manually initiated demand reset if programmed to do so. Programming the electrical service disables the automatic electrical service determination
10.2.1.2
The meter provides a means to program the electrical service under which it will operate. Programming the electrical service disables the automatic electrical service determination.
45 16
45 12
45 12
45 2 12
Combinations
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The meter does not perform Site Genie diagnostic error checking during Test Mode or in the presence of a service error. Each Site Genie diagnostic has the following programmable characteristics: Enable / Disable Display / Do not Display Freeze Display / Add to the Scroll All diagnostics except 6 and 7 (undervoltage and overvoltage) are checked every 5 seconds using one second' worth of data. Diagnostics 6 and 7 are checked every second. If a diagnostic fails each check s performed during a programmed duration that begins with the first failed check, the diagnostic error is set and the diagnostic counter is incremented. There are two programmable diagnostic fail durations, one for diagnostics 6 and 7, and one for the remaining diagnostics. The fail duration for diagnostics 6 and 7 is programmable from 3 seconds to 30 minutes in 1 second increments. The fail duration for the remaining diagnostics is programmable from 15 seconds to 30 minutes in 5 second increments. It takes 2 consecutive error free checks to clear a diagnostic error condition. Note: because diagnostics other than 6 and 7 are checked every 5 seconds, there is a tolerance of 5/+0 seconds for the pass and fail durations. For example, if the fail duration for diagnostic 1 is programmed for 30 seconds, the diagnostic may be set after the fail condition has occurred for anywhere between 25 and 30 seconds. Similarly, the condition may be cleared after the pass condition has occurred for anywhere between 5 and 10 seconds. The range for all diagnostic counters is 0 to 255. When a diagnostic counter reaches 255 it remains there until reset by the user. Diagnostic errors and counters may be reset via communication procedures. Table 10-3 shows the expected voltages and currents based on the ANSI form. Y means a voltage element or a current sensor is present. Voltage element Va and current sensor Ia are present in all ANSI forms. ANSI Form 1,3 2,4 12,13,25 45,56 36 9,10,16,48 Vb N N N Y N Y Element/Sensor: Vc Ib N N N N Y N Y N Y Y Y Y Ic N Y Y Y Y Y
Table 10-3 Expected Voltage and Current Elements *Note: Form 45 and 56 meters have a Vb element which is used for 4WD only but the meter zeroes Vb data Site Genie diagnostics expect certain voltage and current phase angles as appropriate for the actual ANSI form, electrical service, and phase sequence (refer to Table 10-4 for expected angles). Note: In the table of expected angles, lagging phase angles are given positive values. The angle is based on the ANSI form, the electrical service, and the observed phase sequence.
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Ic 180 240 120 240 120 270 90 180 240 120 180 270 90 270 90 270 90 270 90
Table 10-4 Expected Phase Angles The values for the parameters that control the operation of Site Genie diagnostics are selectable when creating programs with MeterMate Program Manager (Meter Diagnostics Support Table).
10.2.3.1
This diagnostic verifies that all meter elements are sensing the correct voltage and current for the electrical service. This is accomplished by comparing each voltage and current phase angle with expected values. Voltage phase angles must be within 10 of the expected value and current phase angles must be within 120 of the expected value to prevent a diagnostic 1 error.
10.2.3.2
This diagnostic verifies that the voltage at each phase is maintained at an acceptable level with respect to the other phases. For diagnostic 2 tests, the A phase voltage is combined with the user programmed percentage tolerance to determine the acceptable range for the B and C phase voltages as appropriate for the ANSI form and service type. For the 4 wire delta services, the meter scales Vc before comparing it to Va. Pass Conditions for diagnostic 2: Va(100% - T%) < [VB] < Va(100% + T%) and Va(100% - T%) < [VC] < Va(100% + T%) Where T is the user programmed percentage tolerance with a range of 0 to 100% in increments of 1%.
10.2.3.3
This diagnostic verifies that the current of each phase is maintained at an acceptable level. A diagnostic 3 error condition is triggered if the current of one or more phases, as appropriate for the ANSI form and service type, falls below a user programmed low current value and at least one phase current remains above this value.
33
10.2.3.4
This diagnostic verifies that the current phase angles fall within a user specified range around expected values. Diagnostic 4 can be enabled only if diagnostic 1 is enabled and is checked only if diagnostic 1 passes. The user programmed current phase angle tolerance value for diagnostic 4 has a range of 0 to 120 in increments of 1.
10.2.3.5
This diagnostic verifies that the user-selected form of distortion measured on each individual element and, in the case of DPF, across all elements, is not excessive. Diagnostic 5 shall be selectable to monitor one of the following distortion measures: Distortion Power Factor (DPF), per element and summed. Total Demand Distortion (TDD), per element only. Total Harmonic Current Distortion (ITHD), per element only. Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion (VTHD), per element only DC Detection A diagnostic 5 error condition is triggered if any of the distortion calculations exceed a user-specified threshold. There shall be four counters associated with diagnostic 5, one for each element, and, for DPF only, one for the total of all elements. Diagnostic 5 is checked only when the momentary interval demand (kW, kvar, or kVA depending on how the meter is programmed) exceeds a user programmed threshold. This is the same demand threshold used for the power factor threshold output. The user programmed distortion tolerance value for diagnostic 5 has a range of 0 to 100% in increments of 1%. DC presence is sensed by measurement of the second harmonic content in the measured current waveform. Detection of this condition causes the meter diagnostic condition, d5, distortion, to be set. D5 is set when the total current level and second harmonic level are high enough for saturation to be possible, and the ratio of second harmonic current to total current exceeds programmed tolerance
10.2.3.6
This diagnostic verifies that the phase A voltage is maintained above an acceptable level. The user programs an undervoltage percentage tolerance for diagnostic 6 that has a range of 0 to 100 % in increments of 1%. A diagnostic 6 error condition is triggered if the voltage at phase A falls below the reference voltage (Vref) minus the undervoltage percentage tolerance (T). The threshold used for diagnostic 6 is also used for the potential annunciators and the low potential caution (see section 18.4.5). The reference voltage used for the undervoltage and overvoltage diagnostics and for the display potential annunciator thresholds is determined at power up by measuring the phase A voltage and classifying the service as 120V, 240V, 277V Wye, 347V Wye, or 480V Delta. This may be overridden with a user programmed reference voltage, which has a range of 0 - 999V in increments of 1V.
10.2.3.7
This diagnostic verifies that the phase A voltage is maintained below an acceptable level. The user programs an overvoltage percentage tolerance for diagnostic 7 that has a range of 0 to 100 % in increments of 1%. A diagnostic 7 error condition is triggered if the voltage at phase A rises above the reference voltage (Vref) plus the overvoltage percentage tolerance (T).
34
10.2.3.8
This diagnostic verifies that the imputed neutral current is maintained below an acceptable level. A diagnostic 8 error condition is triggered if the imputed neutral current exceeds a user-programmed threshold. Form 45 and 56 as 4WD or 4WY applications are not valid services for calculating the imputed neutral values. In these cases the imputed neutral will be zeroed after the service type has been determined.
Table 10-5 Site Genie Display Scroll Display _2-1PH _3-1PH _5-2PH _3-D_ _4-D_ _4-Y_ _3-N_ INPROG Ser_Er Electrical Service Single phase, 2 wire Single phase, 3 wire Two phase, 5 wire Polyphase, 3 wire(delta) Polyphase, 4 wire(delta) Polyphase, 4 wire(Wye) Network In Progress Service Error
35
Table 10-7 Diagnostic Error Displays The A, B, and C potential annunciators are either on or blinking for each voltage element present based on the ANSI form. If a voltage element is not present the annunciator is turned off. A potential annunciator will blink if the measured voltage for the corresponding phase falls below the tolerance programmed for use by the undervoltage diagnostic (#6). The annunciators are updated every 5 seconds.
10.5 Restrictions
None.
11 Programming Seal
11.1 Introduction
The programming seal is a software seal that protects meter data and configuration parameters from unauthorized changes. When the meter is sealed, critical meter parameters cannot be written expect for Passwords in Security file
11.2 Operation
Operation of the programming seal is identical for all metering modes (Demand-only, Demand/LP and TOU). The programming seal may be enabled with MeterMate DOS or MeterMate COMM. To disable the programming seal, the user must put the meter into Test Mode, hold the Test and Reset buttons for at least 15 seconds, and take the meter out of test mode. Note that this is the same process that is used for password recovery; therefore, once this procedure is complete the meters security codes may be written without having to first send it a valid security code (see section 12). When the meter is programmed with MeterMate DOS or MeterMate COMM after this operation has been performed, MeterMate will alert the user that the meter is in password recovery mode. MeterMate will then prompt the user whether to reprogram the security codes. Selecting yes will cause MeterMate to program the meter with the security codes present in the MeterMate security file. This does not cause the meter to be re-sealed. The following tables are protected from writing by the programming seal: Std. Table 11, Actual Sources Limiting Table
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12 Password Recovery
12.1 Introduction
The password recovery feature allows a meters passwords to be programmed without first having to send the meter a valid password.
12.2 Operation
The procedure to put the meter into password recovery mode is identical to the procedure to unseal a meter (see section 11): Put the meter into Test Mode, hold the Test and Reset buttons for at least 15 seconds, and take the meter out of test mode. When the meter is programmed with MeterMate DOS or MeterMate COMM or MeterMate COMM after this operation has been performed, MeterMate will alert the user that
37
38
Optionally, Standard Table 5, Device Identification Table Standard Table 12, Unit of Measure Table* Standard Table 14, Data Control Table* Standard Table 15, Constants Table* * These tables are always present, and may be programmed, but any values related to soft-switched features will be ignored, unless the related soft-switch(es) is/are enabled.
13.2.1.1
The following tables should be programmed, or may require additional programming, if the corresponding soft-switch has been enabled. The tables may or may not be present in the meter if the related soft-switch is not enabled. See following list for details. If Expanded Measurements, By Quadrant Measurements, kVA/kvar/kQ Measurements, or Power Quality Measurements is enabled: Standard Table 12, Unit of Measure Table* Standard Table 14, Data Control Table* Standard Table 15, Constants Table* If Demand/LP or TOU is enabled: Standard Table 51, Actual Time and TOU Table (this table must be written before Standard Table 54) Standard Table 53, Time Offset Table Standard Table 54, Calendar Table Manufacturer Table 77, Load Control Switch Configuration (optional) Manufacturer Table 82, TOU Day Type Map If I/O Board is present and/or Pulse Initiator Output are/is enabled: Manufacturer Table 76, I/O and Alerts Configuration (not needed for Pulse Initiator) * Manufacturer Table 101, Actual Input/Output Table* Manufacturer Table 102, Input/Output Configuration Table* If Load Profile Recording (Basic or 20-Channel) is enabled: Standard Table 21, Actual Register Table* Standard Table 61, Actual Load Profile Table Standard Table 62, Load Profile Control Table If Event Logging is enabled: Standard Table 71, Actual Log Table Standard Table 75, Event Log Control Table
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If Totalization is enabled: Manufacturer Table 91, Actual Totalization Limiting Table Manufacturer Table 92, Totalization Selection Table If Transformer Loss Compensation is enabled: Manufacturer Table 89, Transformer Loss Compensation Table If Transformer Accuracy Adjustments enabled: Manufacturer Table 79, Alternate Calibration Correction Factors If Voltage Event Monitor enabled: Manufacturer Table 71, Diagnostics Configuration Manufacturer Table 111, Voltage Event Monitor Configuration Table If Demand Soft Switch (N) is enabled: Standard Table 23, Current Register Data Table
*
These tables are always present, and may be programmed, but any values related to soft-switched features will be ignored, unless the related soft-switch(es) is/are enabled.
40
13.2.2.1
The following tables may be read only if the related soft-switch(es) has/have been enabled. If Demand/LP or TOU is enabled: Standard Table 51, Actual Time and TOU Table Standard Table 52, Clock Table Standard Table 53, Time Offset Table Standard Table 54, Calendar Table If TOU is enabled: Standard Table 4, Pending Status Table Standard Table 55, Clock State Table Manufacturer Table 82, TOU Day Type Map If Load Profile Recording (Basic or 20-Channel) is enabled: Standard Table 61, Actual Load Profile Table Standard Table 62, Load Profile Control Table Standard Table 63, Load Profile Status Table Standard Table 64, Load Profile Data Set 1 Table If Event Logging is enabled: Standard Table 71, Actual Log Table Standard Table 72, Events Identification Table Standard Table 75, Event Log Control Table Standard Table 76, Event Log Data Table If Totalization is enabled: Manufacturer Table 91, Actual Totalization Limiting Table Manufacturer Table 92, Totalization Selection Table If Transformer Loss Compensation is enabled: Manufacturer Table 89, Transformer Loss Compensation Table
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42
14 Communications
The KV2C provides an optical communications interface that complies with ANSI C12.18, Protocol Specification for ANSI Type 2 Optical Port. In addition, the KV2C implements the interface defined for the kV Meter to support communication option boards, which provide remote communication over various media. Option boards will communicate with the KV2C over the optical connection. For telephone communication, the KV2C supports ANSI C12.21, PSEM Protocol for Telephone Communications. All data is transported in AMRA Table format (see ANSI C12.19, Utility Industry End Device Data Tables). A complete description of the KV2C communications interface is available in GEI-101423 Reading and Programming for the KV2C Meter Technical Development Reference.
15 Security Log
15.1 Introduction
The KV2C maintains a count of certain events in the meter, along with, in some cases, the date and time the last one occurred and an identifier. This log is referred to as the Security Log, since it can be helpful for a utility trying to detect tampering.
15.2 Operation
The following information is stored in the Security Log: Date and time meter was last calibrated Name of person who last calibrated the meter Date and time meter was last programmed ID of person who last programmed the meter Number of programming sessions Number of demand resets Number of communication sessions (does not include sessions initiated by option boards) Date and time of last communication session (not available in Demand mode) Number of passwords received which did not match any of the programmed passwords Number of times meter entered RTP mode Date and time meter last entered RTP mode (not available in Demand mode) Amount of time, in seconds, meter has been without power (not available in Demand mode) Number of power outages Date and time of last power outage (not available in Demand mode) Number of times meter has written data to EEPROM Date and time the transformer loss compensation parameters were last updated (not available in Demand mode) ID of person who last updated transformer loss compensation parameters Date and time of last time change (not available in Demand mode)
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17 Self Read
17.1 Introduction
The meter can store up to 12 Self-Reads. Each Self-Read captures a snapshot of the current billing data (summations and demands). Self-Reads can be used to detect tampering. Pressing the Demand Reset switch to zero demand values can trigger a Self-Read, ensuring that demand data will not be lost.
17.5 Restrictions
The KV2 Firmware will require an R or X SoftSwitch to perform Self Reads but KV2C Firmware will not require an R or X SoftSwitch to perform Self Reads.
45
The Self-Tests are divided into two major sections: Errors and Cautions. Errors represent one or more failure(s) in the basic sub-system of the meter, which directly affect the ability of the meter to register electrical usage. Cautions, on the other hand, represent conditions that may be of concern to the operator, but do not directly affect the ability of the meter to register electrical usage. All of the KV2C Self-Tests Errors and Cautions are built into the meter and no Soft Switch upgrades are required.
Code Errors Battery Fail & Power Loss System Error RAM NVRAM ROM Measurement DAP Cautions Low Battery Meter Unprogrammed Loss of Program Unprogrammed and Loss of Program (programming operation of default demand meter interrupted) Low Potential Demand Overload Leading kvarh Received kWh Er 000002 Er 000020 Er 000100 Er 000200 Er 001000 Er 100000 Er 200000 CA 000001 CA 000010 CA 000040 CA 000050
X X X
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
46
NOTE: Any meter with an error other than error 000002 should be replaced. A brief description of each Self-Test Error follows.
47
48
19 Soft Switches
19.1 Introduction
The KV2C allows certain features to be enabled and disabled through soft switches.
19.2 Operation
Sections 19.2.1 through 19.2.11 describe the soft switches that are available, and what impact adding and removing each of them has on the operation of the meter.
49
Downgrade: When a measurement switch is removed, the meter will no longer accumulate data for quantities that are controlled by that switch. However, any data that accumulated in quantities controlled by that switch while it was enabled will remain until cleared by, for example, a Clear Data procedure or Demand Reset. For example, suppose a meter without a B switch is programmed with a Measurement Profile (see section 1.2.10) that includes Quadrant 1 watthours, fundamental plus harmonics (this is one of the quantities that is controlled by the B switch). Further suppose that this quantity is selected as a Summation and one of the Demands (i.e. max Quadrant 1 kW fundamental plus harmonics). These quantities will remain zero until the B switch is added. Once the B switch is added, these quantities will begin to accumulate. If the switch is subsequently removed, these values will stop accumulating. They will not, however, be set to zero by the action of removing the soft switch. They will stay at whatever value they had when the switch was removed.
50
19.2.10
Upgrade: When the W switch is added, the meter will, during subsequent communication sessions, capture voltage and current samples for (at least) one cycle when it receives a capture waveform procedure (available in MeterMate DOS or MeterMate COMM or MeterMate COMM software as part of its harmonic analysis option). See section 25 for more information. Downgrade: When the W switch is removed, the meter will no longer capture voltage and current samples when it receives a capture waveform procedure.
19.2.11
Totalization (Z Switch)
Upgrade: When the Z switch is added, the meter will be able to perform the Totalization function (see section 22). If the meter has never been programmed for this function, or has not been programmed for it since the last time it had received a MeterMate Unprogram command, the function will be disabled when the switch is added. The parameters that control this function will be programmable after the switch has been added. If the meter had been programmed for this feature, and no subsequent Unprogram command
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19.2.12
Demand (N Switch)
Upgrade : When N Switch is added , the meter will be able to Calculate Billing Demand . Without N Switch a KV2C meter will not calculate billing demands. However, the Meter will calculate non Billing Demands for Cautions, Errors,etc . The KV2C Meter shall set Billing demands to Zero if N Switch is not present.
20 Test Mode
20.1 Introduction
Test mode allows the meter to be tested without disturbing billing data or setting a new maximum demand.
20.3.2 Summations
In test mode there is no distinction between data accumulations and summations. See Data Accumulations section above.
20.3.3.1
The meter calculates test demands (block or rolling) whether or not the power fail exclusion is in effect. In test mode, block and rolling demands are updated every momentary interval. For block demand, the demand values are calculated based on the data collected over the most recent demand interval. For rolling
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20.3.3.2
The meter calculates thermal demands in test mode whether or not the power fail exclusion is in effect. Thermal demand values are updated every momentary interval. The time constant for thermal demand in test mode is programmable to be (not less than) fifteen minutes or (not less than) one minute. The exponential functions that characterize a thermal demand meter are approximated in the KV2C meter with a two-term series expansion. The equation for a 15-minute time constant is given in Equation 4-1. Theequation for a one-minute time constant is:
1 26.58 I n is the current thermal demand reading I n = I n -1 + (Pn I n -1 ) I n -1 is the previous thermal demand reading Pn is the current momentary interval demand
Equation 20-1 Each momentary interval, a new thermal demand, referred to as the current demand reading, is computed. This demand is compared to the test maximum demand; if it is larger than the current test maximum demand then the current test max demand is set to the current thermal demand reading.
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The demand reset inhibit and reset lockout features do not apply to test demand resets. The number of demand resets is not incremented, and the date and time of last demand reset is not updated after a test demand reset. A test demand reset is not logged in the event log.
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20.6 Restrictions
None.
55
21.4.1 Calendar
The Calendar supports up to 150 entries that are used to tell the meter when actions such as Holidays, Season Changes, Daylight Savings, Demand Resets and Self-Reads occur. Each calendar entry has a date, qualifier and action associated with it. Dates can be Nonrecurring (happen only once) or Recurring (happen repeatedly). Each day at midnight the calendar is scanned for all actions that must be processed, and then the actions are processed. The calendar is scanned first to ensure that an action is only performed once at midnight. Recurring Dates are scanned before Nonrecurring Dates. This gives Nonrecurring Dates precedence over Recurring Dates when the same action is scheduled more than once for the same day. Recurring Dates must be sorted from the most general (Weekly) to the most specific (Fixed) (see Table 21-1). Recurring Dates Floating Dates Weekly Monthly Nth Occurrence Fixed Dates Nonrecurring Dates Table 21-1 Date Processing If there is more than one instance of a type of an action scheduled for a day, only the last action processed will be performed. For instance, if both a Season Change with a Demand Reset and a Demand Reset are scheduled for the same day, only one Demand Reset will be performed. For example, if one entry is Season 1 on the 2nd Monday in July and another entry is Season 2 every July 9th, the meter will change into Season 2. If two Season Changes are scheduled for the same day, the last Season Change processed based on the precedence in Table 21-1 will take effect.
21.4.1.1
Dates
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21.4.1.2
Qualifiers
Each date may have an additional qualifier. The meter supports the following date qualifiers: This Day Only On the date specified only (default) Next Day Also On both the date specified and the following day Next Day Only On the day following the date specified Sunday to Monday On Monday whenever it falls on Sunday Saturday to Friday On Friday whenever it falls on Saturday Non-Weekend On Friday or Monday when if falls on Saturday or Sunday
21.4.1.3
Actions
The following Calendar events are supported: Holiday Season Change Self-Read Demand Reset Spring Daylight Savings Fall Daylight Savings
21.4.1.3.1 Holiday
The most common calendar entry is a Holiday action. At midnight, the meter searches its Calendar for any Holidays that match the current date. When the date in the meter matches the date for a Holiday, the meter switches to the Holiday Day Type for the current season.
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Season 2
Table 21-3 Example Day Type Tier Switches Day of Week Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Day Type Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 2 Type 2
Table 21-4 Example Day Type Table The Day Type Table in the MeterMate TOU Schedule Editor defines which of the 3 regular day types are in effect for each day of the week. The Calendar determines which days the Holiday Day Type is in effect. Day Types take effect at midnight. At midnight, the meter determines the Day Type and TOU Tier for the up coming day. If the current day is not a Holiday, the Day Type is determined by the entry from the Day Type Table for the day of week (e.g. Monday, Tuesday, etc.) (See the MeterMate TOU Schedule Editor). If the Day Type selected does not have a Tier Switch at midnight, the current Tier remains in effect until the first Tier Switch is reached (all Day Types must have at least one Tier Switch). Every quarter hour (e.g. 00, 15, 30, and 45) the meter checks the Day Type to see if a new Tier Switch should be activated. When the current time matches the time of a Tier Switch, the data for the current Tier is saved to non-volatile memory, and the data for the new Tier is loaded into memory. NOTE: Activation of Real-Time Pricing overrides the operation of Tier Switches in the day type.
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22.2 Operation
The Multi-Function I/O (MIO) Board has 4 inputs that can be configured for either Form A or Form C. The meter is capable of counting up to 30 pulses per second. The meter samples the state of all 4 pulse inputs 60 times per second. Each state change in a pulse input (i.e. ONOFF or OFFON for Form A; or KYKZ or KZKY for Form C) increments the respective pulse counter. Pulses are accumulated for one minute. At the end of each minute, pulses are added to their respective accumulator(s). If the Totalization (Z) soft switch is enabled, the meter performs two additional steps: scaling and totalization.
Wh
pulse
1,000,000,000
Wh
Wh
unit
In the example above, another device is feeding pulses with a primary value of 1 kWh/pulse into the meter. Each input pulse must be scaled into internal units on the secondary side of the transformer in order to be manipulated and displayed as kWh by the meter. The input scaling must be set to store 500 units for every 3 input pulses. If the meter collects 722 pulses in one minute that is equivalent to 120,000 units (722/3 = 240 2/3; 240 x 500 = 120,000) with a remainder of 2 pulses. The remainder is carried over into the next minute.
22.2.2 Totalization
Scaled input pulses may be combined with other scaled input pulses and/or values calculated by the meter through a process called totalization. The meter updates totalized values each minute after all pulses have been collected and scaled. The meter uses totalization mapping to define what quantities are to be combined and how. Example:
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Source KWh total Del Only Pulse Input 5 (Scaled) Wh Pulse Input 6 (Scaled) Wh Pulse Input 7 (Scaled) Wh Pulse Input 8 (Scaled) Wh
Destination Totalization Channel 1 Totalization Channel 1 Totalization Channel 1 Totalization Channel 1 Totalization Channel 1
22.3 Restrictions
Pulse Input requires a Multi-Function I/O (MIO) Board. Raw pulses can be accumulated with the MIO Board and no other soft switches; however, scaled pulses and/or totalization requires a Z soft switch. The Profile used for the MeterMate program must contain at least one Totalization Channel A 5 to 24V DC power supply is required to energize the pulse initiator circuits of the external pulse inputs. Note: if a two-wire input is provided it must be connected to the K and Z inputs.
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The specific values calculated by MMDOS/MMCOMM, and the formulae used, are shown below: LFE Elem VA .... The per element power transformer no-load loss VA (iron or core loss VA). LFE Elem vars ...... The per element power transformer no-load loss vars (iron or core loss vars). LCU Elem VA...... The per element power transformer load loss VA (copper or winding loss VA). LCU Elem vars ..... The per element power transformer load loss vars (copper or winding loss vars). G Elem .................... The per element secondary Conductance. R Elem .................... The per element secondary Resistance. B Elem .................... The per element secondary Susceptance. X Elem .................... The per element secondary Reactance.
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(LFE Elem VA )2 (LFE Elem watts )2 = (IMP%/100) VA rated (LCU Elem VA )2 (LCU Elem watts )2
Volts 2 - N L
VTR
**For 3-wire delta services the line-to-neutral voltage is computed by the KV2C from the input line-to-line voltages. For 4-wire wye services the L-N input voltage is used directly. VL-N2h and I Line2h are fundamental plus harmonics quantities. G Elem, R Elem, B Elem, and X Elem are calculated by MeterMate as shown in section 23.1 and are programmed in the meter. The calibration LED of the KV2C meter is unaffected by TLC settings. It will blink proportional to measured values only (watthour or varhour), not compensated values. Accumulated and displayed values in either the normal operating mode or the test mode will reflect the effects of any TLC factors programmed and enabled. Both fundamental only and fundamental plus harmonics Wh and varh are compensated. Only the fundamental plus harmonics VL-N2h and I Line2h are used to calculate the compensation values, however. For example, LFE Elem A wh is added to both fundamental plus harmonics Wh and fundamental only Wh, even though it was calculated from fundamental plus harmonics VA2h. The various volt-ampere-hour quantities available in the KV2C meter (apparent, phasor, arithmetic) are calculated from the compensated Wh and varh quantities. The distortion VAh component is not compensated. See section 0 for more information about how VAh quantities are calculated in the KV2C. Examples of Transformer Loss Compensation calculations for the KV2C are given in Appendix A.
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23.5 Restrictions
Transformer Loss Compensation will not operate, and the coefficients can not be programmed, unless the Transformer Loss Compensation soft switch is enabled. Transformer Loss Compensation can also be turned on and off through MeterMate DOS or MeterMate COMM or MeterMate COMM.
24 Voltage Monitor
24.1 Introduction
The voltage monitor detects and records sags and swells as short as one cycle in the metered voltages.
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The voltage event monitor may be read and the displayed with MeterMate DOS or MeterMate COMM.
24.5 Restrictions
The Voltage Monitor will not operate, and the parameters that control it can not be programmed, unless the Voltage Monitor soft switch has been enabled.
25.4 Restrictions
The Waveform Capture function will not operate unless the Waveform Capture soft switch has been enabled. The meter will not output samples unless the DSP Sample Output soft switch has been enabled.
26 Option Boards
26.1 Introduction
The KV2C supports various add-on boards that will provide enhanced functionality. Two option boards, typically a communication board and one other, may be installed together.
26.2 Operation
The KV2C currently supports the following option boards:
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More information about the communication option boards can be found in GEH-7269 kV Meter - Modem Option Board and GEH-7275 kV RSX - RS232/RS485 Communications Option. The I/O functions available for the simple and multiple I/O boards are described in sections 8 (Alerts and Outputs) and 22 (Pulse Inputs and Totalization). At power-up, the KV2C tests for the presence of installed option boards. Any boards that are detected will be recorded by the meter.
26.3 Restrictions
The KV2C meter will not communicate with communication option boards unless the A (Alternate Communication) switch has been installed. Some of the I/O functions require soft switches to operate as well. These are described in sections 8 (Alerts and Outputs) and 22 (Pulse Inputs and Totalization).
27 Timekeeping
27.1 Introduction
The meter may be programmed to always use either the line frequency (primary time base) or the 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator (secondary time base) for timekeeping. Line frequency is defined as the fundamental frequency of the voltage signal. Timekeeping will operate correctly at 50 or 60 Hz line frequencies with only a programming change. Both the time base and the frequency are selectable when creating programs with MeterMate Program Manager (Site Support Table).
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28 Display
28.1 Introduction 28.1.1 KV2C Meter LCD
Figure 28.1 shows the layout of the KV2Cs LCD.
Figure 28-1 1. 2. 3. 4. TEST lit when the meter is in test mode ALT lit when the alternate display scroll is in effect The three small digits are used to display the current display label or code. CA or Er appearing in this location indicates a Caution or Error message in the display These characters display alphanumeric quantities. The open O between the rightmost character and the character to its left is a degree symbol for fundamental frequency lagging phase angles. The short bar to the left of the first large digit indicates a minus sign. There are four possible decimal point positions located between the five rightmost digits. When displayed, the A annunciator indicates the A voltage is present at the meter. If blinking, A voltage is low. When displayed, the B annunciator indicates the B voltage is present at the meter. If blinking, B voltage is low. When displayed, the C annunciator indicates the C voltage is present at the meter. If blinking, C voltage is low.
5. 6. 7.
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67
68
69
>= 3 secs
>= 6 secs Reset Button Test Button Communication Session Initiated > debounce > 1 sec
28.5 Restrictions
None.
29.2 Operation
If the I switch is enabled, the meter can be programmed with an alternate set of calibration coefficients. The set of coefficients the meter uses can be selected via MeterMate DOS or MeterMate COMM. If the meter is programmed to do so, it will apply the programmed alternate gain and phase correction coefficients to the voltage and current samples every sample period. Therefore, all metering quantities (e.g. energy, voltage, current, distortion measures) are affected by these coefficients. The calibration LED is also affected.
29.3 Restrictions
Transformer Inaccuracy Correction will not operate, and the coefficients can not be programmed, unless the Transformer Inaccuracy Correction soft switch has been enabled.
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30 KV2C+ Features
. In addition to all the KV2C features ,a KV2C+ Meter has an Option Revenue Guard board or a High Voltage board , Huge Load Profile Memory ( 8 MB) and a Huge Load Profile ( H Soft Switch ), G Soft Switch for upgrade and downgrade.
30.1.5 Restrictions
The Revenue Guard Plus soft switch must be enabled for this feature to function. A Revenue Guard board is not required, but without it the meter will not operate if element A voltage is lost, even if the other elements are present. It is therefore recommended that meters programmed for the Revenue Guard Plus feature have a Revenue Guard board installed.
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Table 31-1 Load Profile Soft Switches Load Profile data is organized into blocks. Each block consists of a Block End Time (the date and time of the last interval recorded in that block), Block End Reading(s) (a meter readings for each channel) and interval data. Blocks are stored in a circular queue. When all of load profile memory is filled with blocks, the next block will over write the oldest block. Interval times represent the end time for the interval. All interval times are synchronized with midnight (i.e. the last interval of the day ends at midnight). The number of blocks of interval data stored in the meter can be limited Interval Length (minutes) 10 15 146.0 219.0 73.3 110.0 54.7 82.0 40.0 60.0
Channels 1 2 3 4
Channels 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
43.8 22.1 16.5 12.1 10.2 8.3 7.3 6.3 5.7 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.7
5 219.0 110.3 82.7 60.3 51.0 41.3 36.7 31.7 28.7 25.3 23.7 21.3 20.0 18.3 17.3 16.0 15.3 14.3 13.7
Interval Length (minutes) 10 15 438.0 657.0 220.7 331.0 165.3 248.0 120.7 181.0 102.0 153.0 82.7 124.0 73.3 110.0 63.3 95.0 57.3 86.0 50.7 76.0 47.3 71.0 42.7 64.0 40.0 60.0 36.7 55.0 34.7 52.0 32.0 48.0 30.7 46.0 28.7 43.0 27.3 41.0
30 1314.0 662.0 496.0 362.0 306.0 148.0 220.0 190.0 172.0 152.0 142.0 128.0 120.0 110.0 104.0 96.0 92.0 86.0 82.0
60 2628.0 1324.0 992.0 724.0 612.0 496.0 440.0 380.0 344.0 304.0 284.0 256.0 240.0 220.0 208.0 192.0 184.0 172.0 164.0
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Channels 20
2.6
30 78.0
60 156.0
Table 31-3 X Soft Switch Days of LP Data per Channel Interval Length (minutes) 5 10 15 30 87.6 438.0 876.0 1314.0 2628.0 44.1 220.6 441.4 662.0 1324.0 33 165.4 330.6 496.0 992.0 24.2 120.6 241.2 362.0 724.0 20.4 102.0 204.0 306.0 612.0 16.6 82.6 165.4 248.0 296.0 14.6 73.4 146.8 220.0 440.0 12.6 63.4 126.6 190.0 380.0 11.4 57.4 114.6 172.0 344.0 10.2 50.6 110.4 152.0 304.0 9.2 47.4 94.6 142.0 284.0 8.6 42.6 85.4 128.0 256.0 8.0 40.0 80.0 120.0 240.0 7.2 36.6 72.4 110.0 220.0 7.0 34.6 69.4 104.0 204.0 6.4 32.0 64.0 96.0 192.0 6.2 30.6 61.4 92.0 184.0 5.8 28.6 56.4 172.0 344.0 10.8 54.4 54.6 82.0 164.0 5.2 26.0 52.0 78.0 156.0 Table 31-4 H Soft Switch Days of LP Data per Channel 1
Channels 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
60 5256.0 2648.0 1984.0 1448.0 1224.0 992.0 880.0 760.0 688.0 608.0 568.0 512.0 480.0 440.0 416.0 384.0 368.0 688.0 328.0 312.0
32 Soft Switches
32.1 Introduction
The KV2C+ allows certain features to be enabled and disabled through soft switches . In addition to all the above softswitches discussed under KV2C meter , a KV2C+ has additional two softswitches for upgrade and downgrade.
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When the Huge Load Profile Recording switch is added, the meter may be programmed to record up to twenty channels and 384 KB bytes of load profile data
33.2 Display
kV2n Meter primarily being an Energy only meter has a 5 digit display for Energy Measurement. All other RATE, TEST, ALT , Prev, Cum ,Con Cum, Real Time Annunciators are not available in a kV2n Meter. Total kWh has a scroll duration of 6 seconds..
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34 References
[1] ANSI C12.18 Protocol Specification for ANSI Type 2 Optical Port [2] ANSI C12.19 Utility Industry End Device Data Tables [3] ANSI C12.21 PSEM Protocol for Telephone Communications [4] GEI-101423 Reading and Programming for the KV2 Meter Technical Development Reference [5] GEH-7269 kV Meter - Modem Option Board [6] GEH-7275 kV RSX - RS232/RS485 Communications Option. [7] Handbook for Electricity Metering, 9th Edition
The necessary inputs to the MMDOS/MMCOMM prompts would therefore be: MMDOS Prompt kVA rated Volts L-N Amps line VTR CTR LFE Elem watts LCU Elem watts EC% IMP% LL watts Input Values
Phase A Phase B Phase C
Comments From manufacturer data same for all = VL-L / (3)1/2 same for all = (VA/VL-N) same for all x:1 same for all x:5 same for all From manufacturer data From manufacturer data From manufacturer data From manufacturer data These losses ignored in this example.
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Note that the KV2C meter converts 3-wire delta metering inputs into a virtual 4-wire wye service during processing of the data. That is why MMDOS requests VL-N instead of VL-L, and other inputs are expressed in terms of Phases A, B, & C even though it is a two element metering application. Using the formulae described earlier, MMDOS would compute: Calculated Compensation Factors (per element) Conductance, G Resistance, R Susceptance, Reactance, X B Phase A 1.520E-04 1.082E-01 9.493E-08 1.551E+00 Phase B 1.526E-04 1.052E-01 1.011E-07 1.526E+00 Phase C 1.471E-04 1.069E-01 8.587E-08 1.543E+00
To check that the compensation factors have been computed correctly, the loss watts and vars (primary) can be computed, assuming rated voltage and full load current have been applied, and compared to the input transformer loss data. Losses (primary) LFE watts = G * (V L-N /VTR)2 *TF LCU watts = R * (I L /CTR)2 *TF LFE vars = B * (V L-N /VTR)4 *TF LCU vars = X * (I L /CTR)2 *TF Phase A 9650 18935 34699 271313 Phase B 9690 18400 36635 267007 Phase C 9340 18692 31736 269993
Example #2: A Wye-Wye 3-Phase Transformer with low voltage side metering
A 750 kVA 3-phase transformer (12470/7200 to 480/277) is connected wye-wye. Metering will be done using a three stator (Form 9S) GE KV2C meter on the low voltage side of the transformer bank. Three 600:5 CTs and three 2.4:1 VTs will be used. Since the billing point is on the high side of the transformer, the metered values must be compensated to reflect the losses in the transformer bank and the loss values computed will be added to the metered values. Any additional line losses are to be ignored. From manufacturer supplied data we know the following about the transformer (at 75 C): Rated kVA 750 Rated Voltage 12470:480 No-load (iron) loss watts at rated voltage 1738 Load (copper) loss watts at rated kVA 7856 Percent Excitation current 2.7 Percent Impedance 5.78
Since only aggregate values for rated kVA and losses are provided for the 3-phase transformer, they must be divided by 3 to compute the necessary inputs to the MMDOS prompts as shown below. MMDOS Prompt KVA rated Volts L-N Amps line VTR CTR Input Values
Phase A Phase B Phase C
Comments 1/3 of manufacturer data same for all = VL-L / (3)1/2 same for all = (VA/VL-N) same for all x:1 same for all x:5 same for all
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Note that if the power transformer was connected in delta on the low voltage side, the only MMDOS input number that would change would be the VT ratio (4:1 instead of 2.4:1). Using the formulae described earlier, MMDOS would compute: Calculated Compensation Factors (per element) Conductance, G Resistance, R Susceptance, B Reactance, X Phase A 1.509E-04 1.609E-01 1.313E-07 8.731E-01 Phase B 1.509E-04 1.609E-01 1.313E-07 8.731E-01 Phase C 1.509E-04 1.609E-01 1.313E-07 8.731E-01
To check that the compensation factors have been computed correctly, the loss watts and vars (primary) can be computed, assuming rated voltage and full load current have been applied, and compared to the input transformer loss data. Losses (primary) LFE watts = G * (V L-N /VTR)2 *TF LCU watts = R * (I L /CTR)2 *TF LFE vars = B * (V L-N /VTR)4 *TF LCU vars = X * (I L /CTR)2 *TF Phase A 579.33 2618.67 6725.09 14210.74 Phase B 579.33 2618.67 6725.09 14210.74 Phase C 579.33 2618.67 6725.09 14210.74 Total 1738 7856 20175.3 42632.2
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Modes Avail.
All All Dmd/DmdLP TOU TOU TOU TOU All Dmd/DmdLP TOU TOU TOU TOU All Dmd/DmdLP TOU TOU TOU TOU All TOU TOU All All Dmd/DmdLP Dmd/DmdLP Dmd/DmdLP TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU All All
Test Mode?
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
ID format
XXX YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY
Quantity Format
UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) Date HHMM UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) Date HHMM UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) Date HHMM UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) Date HHMM UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) Date HHMM UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) X.X X UOM dependent (note 1)
78
Modes Avail.
Dmd/DmdLP TOU TOU TOU TOU All Dmd/DmdLP TOU TOU TOU TOU All Dmd/DmdLP TOU TOU TOU TOU All TOU TOU All All Dmd/DmdLP Dmd/DmdLP Dmd/DmdLP TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU All TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU
Test Mode?
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
ID format
YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY
Quantity Format
UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) Date HHMM UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) Date HHMM UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) Date HHMM UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) Date HHMM UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) Date HHMM UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) X.X X UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1)
79
Modes Avail.
TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All
Test Mode?
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y
ID format
YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY
Quantity Format
UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) Date HHMM UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) Date HHMM UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) Date HHMM UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) Date HHMM UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) Date HHMM UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) X.X X UOM dependent (note 1) Voltage Voltage Voltage Voltage Current Current Current Voltage Current Angle Angle X.X X X.X X X.X X X.X X X.X X X.X X Volt-ampere Volt-ampere
80
Modes Avail.
All All All All All All TOU/ DmdLP TOU/ DmdLP TOU TOU/ DmdLP All All All All All All All All All All All All TOU TOU/ DmdLP TOU/ DmdLP All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All TOU/DmdLP All TOU TOU TOU/ DmdLP TOU TOU TOU TOU TOU All TOU TOU TOU/DmdLP All
Test Mode?
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
ID format
YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY MMM YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY
Quantity Format
Volt-ampere Volt-ampere Volt-ampere Volt-ampere X X.X X Binary Date Numeric Numeric HHMM UOM dependent (note 1) Numeric Numeric Numeric Numeric Numeric MMSS Numeric Numeric Numeric Numeric Numeric Numeric Numeric Numeric Numeric MMMMMM Special lables (text) UOM dependent (note 1) Numeric UOM dependent (note 1) XXXX Binary Numeric Numeric Numeric Numeric Numeric Numeric Numeric Numeric Numeric Date Date Date Date Date Date Date Date Date HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM
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Modes Avail.
TOU TOU TOU TOU All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All TOU TOU
Test Mode?
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N
ID format
YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY 888 YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY YYY
Quantity Format
HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM Numeric Numeric Numeric UOM dependent (note 1) Numeric UOM dependent (note 1) Binary Numeric Numeric Numeric Numeric MMSS UOM dependent (note 1) All segments lit Text X.X X UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) UOM dependent (note 1) Date HH:MM
= binary value (zero or one) = variable data = ID code = programmable date format = meter ID format (two sets of nine digits) = time displayed as two-digit hour, two-digit minute = time displayed as two-digit minute, two-digit second
Notes: 1. UOM (unit of measure) dependent quantities are displayed based on the quantity type. Data accumulations (see section 2) and summations (see section 3) may have the following types: - Volt-ampere-hour (e.g. kWh, kvarh, kVAh) - Test mode volt-ampere-hour (e.g. test mode Wh, test mode varh) - Voltage - Current - Numeric (pulse counts) Demands (including demand thresholds, see section 4) may have the following types: - Volt-ampere (e.g. kW, kvar, kVA) - Voltage - Current - Numeric (pulse counts) Cumulative and continuously cumulative demands (see section 4) may have the following types: - Cumulative/continuously cumulative volt-ampere - Voltage - Current
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2. 3.
The VAh scale factor input is specified in Standard Table 15. The display multiplier and display scalar are defined in Manufacturer Table 70. Once the volt-ampere-hour quantity to be displayed has been calculated, it is displayed on the LCD in kilo-units (e.g. kWh, kvarh) according to the summations digits format and the suppress leading zeroes flag (both in Manufacturer Table 70). Displayed volt-ampere-hour values are truncated, not rounded to the nearest displayed digit. Volt-ampere-hour values are signed quantities. If a value has a negative sign, the meter will display its magnitude and light the minus sign annunciator.
Once the test mode volt-ampere-hour quantity to be displayed has been calculated, it is displayed on the LCD in units (e.g. Wh, varh) in the format X X X.X X X. Leading zeroes are displayed or not depending on how the meter is programmed.
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Volt-ampere quantities may be maximum demands, momentary interval demands, previous interval demands, coincident demands, or accumulating demands (test mode only). Volt-ampere data shall be converted from raw data stored in the meter to a displayable value as follows:
The VA scale factor input is specified in either Manufacturer Table 75 or Standard Table15 (the values will be the same; where the meter looks for the scale factor depends on what type of demand is being displayed). The display multiplier and display scalar are defined in Manufacturer Table 70. The VA/kVA adjust factor is 3 if volt-ampere demand display units (Manufacturer Table 70) is 0 (i.e. display kilo-units) or 0 if demand display units is 1 (i.e. display units). Once the volt-ampere quantity to be displayed has been calculated, it is displayed on the LCD in units (e.g. W, var) or kilo-units (e.g. kW, kvar) according to the demand digits format and the suppress leading zeroes flag (both in Manufacturer Table 70). Displayed volt-ampere values are truncated, not rounded to the nearest displayed digit. If the calculated volt-ampere quantity is too large to fit in the specified format, Fs are be displayed. For example, if the demand display format specifies 2 digits to the left and 3 digits to the right of the decimal point, and the calculated demand was 105.236 kW, the display would show F F.F F F along with the appropriate annunciators. Volt-ampere values are signed quantities. If a value has a negative sign, the meter will display its magnitude and light the minus sign annunciator.
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Index
A ampere-squared-hour measurement....................4 Apparent VAh ........................................1, 3, 7, 8 Arithmetic apparent VAh ...............................3, 8 Automatic Service Detection............................32 average power factor ..........17, 18, 19, 25, 46, 57 B block demand ...........................10, 11, 12, 55, 56 C Calibration Mode..............................................23 Caution 000400 ................................................23 Caution 004000 ................................................23 Caution 040000 ................................................23 Caution 400000 ................................................23 Caution Alert ....................................................26 Clock Reset Backwards ....................................30 Clock Reset Forward ........................................30 coincident values ......................11, 12, 16, 17, 18 Common Status ................................................29 Communications...............................................44 Continuously Cumulative Demand ..................13 Cumulative Demand ...................................13, 15 current measurement ..........................................4 D Data Accumulations .........4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 52, 55 Daylight Savings ..............................................30 Demand Calculations...4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 14, 15, 52, 55, 56 Demand mode 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 25, 26, 27, 38, 45, 47, 54, 67, 68, 71, 73 Demand Mode1, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, 19, 20, 24, 27, 32, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 58, 65, 66, 68, 71 demand reset 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 26, 32, 56, 57, 71, 72 Demand Reset.. 16, 20, 21, 42, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 71, 72, 81 Demand Threshold Alert ..................................25 Demand/Load Profile mode...7, 9, 10, 14, 15, 38, 47, 54, 67, 68, 73 Diagnostic 1......................................................22 Diagnostic 2......................................................22 Diagnostic 3......................................................22 Diagnostic 4......................................................22 Diagnostic 5......................................................22 Diagnostic 6......................................................22 Diagnostic 7......................................................22 Diagnostic 8......................................................23 Diagnostic Alert ...............................................26 Display .............................................................69 Displayable Quantities..................................... 77 distortion power factor....................................... 5 distortion VAh ......................................2, 3, 5, 65 E End of Interval ................................................. 25 End Of Interval (EOI)...............11, 12, 25, 70, 80 Event Log ...............19, 20, 24, 41, 43, 51, 52, 57 Extended Status ............................................... 30 F FitzallTM ........................................................... 33 fundamental only ..............1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 65, 79, 80 fundamental plus harmonics ....1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 18, 52, 65, 79, 80 fuzzy varh ...................................................... 2, 3 I Interval Status .................................................. 29 L Load Control.................................................... 25 Load Profile Data............................................. 28 Long Interval ................................................... 31 M Manual Service Detection................................ 32 measurement profile .................1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 55 momentary interval....1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 24, 25, 29, 35, 51, 55, 56, 57, 65, 83 Momentary Interval Quantities.......................... 7 N Neutral current................................................... 4 O Option Boards.................................................. 67 Overflow/Underflow ....................................... 31 P Partial Interval ................................................. 31 Password Recovery.......................................... 39 Phasor VAh ....................................................... 3 Power Factor....18, 24, 25, 26, 27, 35, 37, 42, 57, 81 Power fail exclusion time ...........................11, 80 Power Outage .................................................. 30 previous interval demands ..............12, 15, 56, 83 Programming Seal ........................................... 38 Pulse Inputs ..................................................... 62 Q Q-hours .............................................................. 2
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