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Bab 2
Bab 2
factors is the fear of making mistakes or errors. The making of errors is a sign
that students have not mastered yet the rules of the language being learned.
To cope with this problem, one of the strategies widely used by linguist is
error analysis.
Brown (1980) says that error analysis is the study of students’ error
system operating within the learners. Brown’s point of view implies that error
on the analysis of learners’ errors with one clear objective, which is evolving
suitable and effective teaching and learning strategy and remedial measures
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According to Schaumann and Stenson (1976, p. 4) in Al-Krhreshen
state that "the task of EA is to explain and analyse why one aspect of the
target grammar has not been adequately acquired whilst a second is learnt
without difficulty."
Ahmed et al).
Abushihab).
Abushihab).
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2004 in Abushihab).
learner does not know the correct. because in particular instance, the
al).
a. Addition
He didn’t come)
b. Omission
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language acquisition. Example: My sister very pretty. (Correction: My
c. Misformation
d. Misordering
morphemes. Example: She fights all the time her brother. (Correction:
the students to get away from mistakes that possibly could be done by the
students.
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2.3 Writing
considered one of the most difficult that other skills foreign language
as the most difficult of all the four skills (Corder & Allen, 1974 in Adam et
al).
develop this skill. For both native speakers and new learners of English, it is
Moreover, John Langan stated on his book that there are four bases in
a. Unity
b. Support
c. Coherence
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d. Sentence Skill
a. Article
English has two types of articles. They are definite and indefinite.
The definite article tells that is refers to a specific party that the
The indefinite article takes two forms. It’s the word a when it
paper). It’s the word an when it follows a word that begins with a
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b. Tenses
state. Tense is the relationship between the form of the verb and the
time of the action or state it describes. Tense shows the time of the
Jabbari. Tense is the relationship between the form of the verb and the
category which involves changing the form of the verb to reflect the
present and future (Baker, 2012, p. 304) in Jabbar. In English there are
three kinds of tenses. They are Past Tenses, Present Tenses, and
Future Tenses.
Tense is verb form that shows the time of the action or state
other time.
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c. preposition
They are usually quiet short and significant looking, but they have
between the noun following them and one of the basic sentence
possession, and condition, between their objects and other parts of the
sentence.
under, underneath.
d. Purpose: for
e. Possession: of
h. Agent: by
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d. Capitalization
capital letter. The capital letter is useful signals for a reader. They
e. Punctuation
the text into suitable units for parsing but also for resolving structural
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represent pauses that we should make in our reading (Greenbaum and
The males punctuated the sentence as: "A woman, without her man, is
nothing."
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f. Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject and verb must agree with one another in number (singular
uses the plural form of a verb when the subject calls for the singular
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form, or when the singular form of a verb is used then the subject calls
g. Word Order
Most English sentences to the SVO word order, this means that
important, because when we put words in the wrong order, the result
language assume. For example the rules of English word order allow
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I have two brothers and two sisters at home (correct)
h. Word Choice
writer's style, say Hart and Daughton, "the critic's best tool is
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2.5 Relevance Studies
Riau. They were asked to write essay. The errors committed are
researcher used writing test as the instrument. The results show there
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3. Abushihab. 2014. “An Analysis of Grammatical Errors in Writing
semester of the academic year 2011 – 2012. They were asked to write
about the difficulties they face while learning English. The errors
the use of active and passive, and morphological errors. The results
use of articles, 17 errors in the use of passive and active voice and 33
From the previous studies above, can be informed that they have
similar concern with this research, but this study focus on eight items all
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2.6 Conceptual Framework
analysed, and classified to reveal something of the system operating within the
learners. In this research, the researcher chooses grammar aspect to conduct the
research. And this research focused on article, preposition, word choice, subject-
there are kinds of error such as; addition, omission, misformation, and
misordering.
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2.7 Assumption
The researcher assumes that the third semester at Islamic University of Riau
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