Doosan Infracore

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MONTABERT FACTORY

Shipment Assembly
lines
Warehousing

Machining
Heat treatment Raw Material

Surface finishing

Offices

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DRILLING GENERAL
Top Hammer Down the hole Rotative
Pneumatic Hydraulic Pneumatic Hydraulic

Medium to hard rock Soft to hard rock

Medium to hard rock
Hole dia max = 660mm Hole dia max = 3600mm
Hole dia max = 150mm
Maximum lenght = 250m Maximum lenght = 3000m
Maximum lenght = 45m

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BASIC OF HAMMER DRILLING
In hammer drilling or percussive drilling, the rock fragmentation results from
high loads applied by a drill bit receiving repeated blows generated by the
percussion system.
Impact

Depending on the location of the percussion system, inside or outside the hole,
we speak about “down the hole” or “top hammer” drilling.

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BASIC OF HAMMER DRILLING
In down the hole drilling, the impact mechanism
strikes directly onto the bit, entering into the hole, while
the rotation mechanism is on the guide.

The connecting rods between rotation head (on the feed)

and hammer (at the bottom of the hole) are used to
transmit:
 the compressed air for hammer function and
flushing.
 the rotation motion to the hammer and bit
 the feed force.

“Down the hole” are always pneumatic drill.

Drilled diameters range from 64 to 600 mm.

Doosan Infracore
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BASIC OF HAMMER DRILLING
In top hammer drilling, percussion and rotation
mechanisms are grouped in a common body (the drifter)
moving up and down along the guide.

The connecting rods between the drifter and the bit (into
the hole) are used at the same time to transmit:
 the percussion energy and the rotation motion to the
bit
 the flushing medium (air or water)
 the feed force.

Drifters are either pneumatically or hydraulically

actuated.

Drilled diameters range from 27 to 150 mm.

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BASIC OF HAMMER DRILLING

Percussion cell with hydraulic energy chamber

Shank adapter

In line rotation motor

Rotation shaft
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A modern hydraulic drifter : Montabert HC 20
BASIC OF HAMMER DRILLING HC109
distributor thrust piston Cylinder Strike piston Down cylinder shank thrust lining shank

energy chamber rotation motor gear driving shaft gear driving + nut

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Montabert HC Drifter – High performances
HC 110/112
Fastest Stop piston (pat.) General design
It increased the tool life and Reduce maintenance
reduced your cost per drilled cost, no tie
Strong Rotation rods,minimize parts
meter Optional rear plates
system Reduced vibrations on the carrier
Longer striking bar life Wide adaptation
Less wear on the splines

Efficient Valving
system
Based on proved
technology,
Reinforce Front Performancei is
ends increase with it energy
recovery system
Wide application range

Optional rotation motor

capacities
with external motor fixation
Easy adaptation to bit size / hole length/
carrier pumps, Easy modification/
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BASIC OF HAMMER DRILLING
In hammer drilling, penetration is the result of :

1- repeated application of blows to a drill bit impacting the rock,

2- rotation of the drill bit to a suitable point after each impact,

3- feed force applied to keep the contact bit / rock,

4- flushing medium to clear rock particles from the impact area.

1-Percussion piston
Drill string Drill bit

3-Feed force 2-Rotation

4-Flushing
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1-PERCUSSION
Blows are generated by the drifter piston striking the shank adaptor.
The kinetic energy of the piston is transmitted to the rod in the form of a shock wave
which travel all along the drill string at a speed of about 5100 m/s.

The impact energy must be adapted to the rock , type and size of bit.

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1-PERCUSSION
When the wave reach the bit, it is forced against the rock.

The high loads applied under the carbide inserts crush the material into fine powder
(drilling dust) while cracks develop all around.

Some chips of material are released when cracks join.

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2- ROTATION
The rotation mechanism ensure that the bit is turned between two succeeding
blows so that carbide inserts will not impact twice at the same place.

The rotation speed is adapted to produce as much as possible large chips but
also to limit the bit gauge wear.

Actual blow Next blow

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2- ROTATION
Usually, the rotation correspond to a displacement of 8 to 12 mm, measured at
the periphery of the bit:

7 to 8 mm for abrasive rock

9 mm for normal rock
10 to 11 mm for soft rock.

This, whichever is the bit diameter.

7 to 11 mm

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3- FEEDING
The feed force applied onto the drifter must be sufficient to keep all elements of
the drill string in contact, allowing a good transmission of energy to the bit.

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3- FEEDING
Feed force must be adapted according to the nature of the rock to be drilled (i.e
to the percussion pressure) and to the hole direction.

Feed force Feed force

Force on tool
Drifter weight

Rod weight

Drifter weight

Rod weight

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3- FEEDING

If the feed force is too low, the result will be a poor transmission of energy as
the different parts of the drill sting are not in contact.

This will cause:

* low penetration rate,
* important vibration of the drill still
* Looseness and overheating at the shank adapter and coupling level.

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3- FEEDING
If the feed force is too high, the result will be:

* high rotation torque

* important risk for the bit to get stuck
* Important risk of hole deviation
* damage to the shank adaptor or chuck bushing.

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4- FLUSHING
For an efficient drilling, it is essential to remove continuously all the cuttings
and to keep the bottom of the hole clean .

The flushing medium (air or water) is injected through the drilling string to the
bit.

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4- FLUSHING
To have the rock particles flushed out of the drilled hole, the speed of the
flushing medium between rod and hole must be within:

 0,4 to 1 m/s for water

 15 to 30 m/s for air.

Flushing requirement will depend on diameter of hole (bit) and rod.

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MONTABERT DRIFTER RANGE
HC20 / HC25

HC40 / HC50

HC108 / HC109

HC110

HC112

HC150

HC170
Doosan Infracore
Construction Equipment HC200
MONTABERT DRIFTER RANGE
Excavator Single Roof Short Long
attachment pass bolting feed hole

HC 20 X X X X

HC25 X X X X

HC50 X X X X

HC109 X X X X

HC110 Tunneling / Underground application

HC112 X

HC150 X X

HC170 X X
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HC200 Construction Equipment X
MONTABERT DRIFTER RANGE
Hole diameter ( mm) HC 200
HC 150 HC 170 775
160
510 570
140 HC 110
445
130
HC 109
120 HC 50
400
210
110
HC 25
100
150
90 HC 20

80 85
30 kW
70

60
23kW
50
28 kW
40
18 kW 20 kW
13 kW Energy per blow ( joules)
30 Doosan Infracore9 kW
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5 kW
200 400 600 800
MONTABERT DRIFTER TECHNOLOGY
Distribution valve

Internal Rotation motor

Rotation motor in line

Distribution valve
External Rotation motor

Distribution valve

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HC 20Construction
/ HC25Equipment HC 50 /109/110 HC 170 /200
/112/150
MONTABERT DRIFTER FUNCTIONING

Let’s describe the piston cycle

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 Piston start-up

The piston and the distributor are pushed up.

The distributor connects the pump to upper chamber.
The energy chamber is filled up with oil.
The pressure increases in the upper chamber.
The piston begins its downward movement.

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 Distribution’s condition

The HP pressure in the upper chamber is applied to the small surface of the
distributor.
The LP pressure is applied to the large surface of the distributor.
LP x large section = f1
HP x small section = F2
f1 inferior to F2
The distributor stays in upper position

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 Distributor ‘s start

The piston moves downwards and opens a pilot line to the distributor’s large section.

HP is applied to the large surface of the distributor.

HP x large section = F1 HP x small section = F2 F1 > F2
The distributor begins the downward movement.
The energy chamber restores the flow.
The oil in the lower chamber is re-injected into the upper chamber.

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 Piston hits the shank

Impact speed around

10 to 12 m/s

The piston hits the shank and transmits the kinetic energy accumulated during the
downward movement.(1/2 MS2)
The pressure is maintained in the upper chamber so that the piston stops briefly
on the shank in order to transmit the energy and recover the rebound shock wave.

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 Downward piston position

The distributor reverses the cycle.

The upper chamber is connected to the return circuit.
The pilot line as well as the large surface of the distributor are also connected
to the return circuit.
The HP pressure is still applied in the lower chamber of the piston.
The piston begins to move upwards.
The oil is evacuated through the return line.

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 Upward piston movement

The piston continues to move upwards.

The energy chamber fills up with oil.
The piston hits the distributor, and moves it upwards.
The oil volume from the large section of the distributor is
evacuated, to the tank, through the groove around the piston.

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 Top piston position

Piston and distributor are now both in return position.

A new cycle can now begin.
During the functioning the hydraulic motor turns and transmits rotation
movement to the shank.

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 Interconnected drifter

So finally a drifter is working like that!

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ENERGY TRANSMISSION
PERCUSSION EFFICIENCY

Heat

Return energy

Outlet energy =
Inlet energy Inlet energy - wastes

Return energy
Return energy

Heat

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Construction Equipment
EFFICIENCY
ENERGY TRANSMISSION
WASTE OF ENERGY TROUGHT THE COUPLINGS

Coupling No1 Waste of energy Inlet energy

1 12%

Return energy

Heat

Coupling No2 Waste of energy Heat

Return energy
2 8%

Return energy

Outlet energy = Inlet energy - wastes

Coupling No3
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3 5%
What make the difference between
Montabert drifter and « other
drifter » ?

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MONTABERT DRIFTER TECHNOLOGY

4- Energy recovery valve

1- Braking stroke

2- 3 stage long piston

3- Positive ‘’ dampening system ’’

5- Hydraulic reverse percussion (option)

Montabert Drifters are the result of years of

experience in hydraulic drifters design and
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manufacturing
MONTABERT DRIFTER TECHNOLOGY

1-Braking stroke

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MONTABERT BLANK FIRING AND
BRAKING ZONE
21

20
So as to avoid blank firing (no shank in front of the piston , very soft ground or rod and bit not in contact with the rock, there is a
built in piston braking zone.
The piston shape (20) is composed with 4 different diameters which increases gradually (the first one has a smaller diameter
than the last one)
The diameter of the reaming (21) is very close to the forth diameters
In maximal downward position, if there is no shank in front of the piston, we have to brake the piston.

When the zone (20) goes in the closed reaming, the oil cannot escape, the pressure increases depending on which diameter is in
the braking zone.
(The first piston’s diameter creates a braking pressure, the second a higher braking pressure and so on…)

With the last one the piston is totally stopped

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 BRAKING STROKE DESCRIPTION
Closed chamber

1 2
3 4
Oil can go out without
Up to this position, the restriction, the piston
piston moves at full moves at full speed
speed

Piston braking stroke

Between these two positions

the piston is slown down in
The way to drain oil is closed,
1 Normal drilling
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the closed chamber acting as
pressure increases in the closed
a dash-pot If it does not hit
chamber so as to brake the piston
2 3 Braking zone
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the shank, it is fully stopped
4 Lowest shank’s position
MONTABERT DRIFTER TECHNOLOGY

2- 3 stage long piston

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3 STAGES LONG PISTON

PROGRESSIVE SHAPE
 This piston, with its increasing mass at the top,
Montabert will generate an efficient shock wave.

PISTON
SHAPE
COMMON SHAPE
 This piston, with a decreasing mass at the top, is
less efficient because the energy provided at the
end of the shock wave is ineffective — the peak has
Competitor already been reached.

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3 STAGES LONG PISTON

WHY ?
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 STRIKE PISTON SHAPE AND MASS
HC200A Emt 51/60 mm 14.3kg
Dia 48 mm Dia 54mm Dia 71 mm

HC160 & 170 Emt 45/ 51/60 mm 10.2kg

Dia 42 mm Dia 50mm Dia 60 mm

HC150 & 155 Emt 38/ 45 mm 8.7kg

Dia 38 mm Dia 40mm Dia 46 mm Dia 51 mm

HC109 & 108 Emt 38/ 45 mm 6.4kg

Dia 38 mm Dia 40mm Dia 46 mm Dia 46 mm

HC 40 & 50 Emt 32/ 38 mm 3.4kg

Dia 30 mm Dia 31.5 mm Dia 37 mm Dia 37 mm
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FREQUENCY ADJUSTMENT
Montabert drifters solution Competitors solutions

Three stroke length positions Competitors solutions

Quick action but by a simple screw
Always the same mass of piston.
Piston D very hard ground Can be a good way for drifter destruction
Piston E medium ground
Piston F very soft ground

Three types of thrust piston so as to

adapt the mass to the frequency
15 minutes for exchange

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Construction Equipment
MONTABERT DRIFTER TECHNOLOGY

5- Hydraulic reverse
percussion

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REVERSE PERCUSSION SYSTEM: DESCRIPTION

Piston in upper position

Without drilling

Piston brake hydraulic chamber

Piston in lower position

Shank thrust

1
2 Shank thrust contact face 4
3
Shank contact face

Reverse percussion lining

Lining thrust contact face

During drilling
Shank contact face
Reverse percussion cylinder

Shank
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Construction Equipment
REVERSE PERCUSSION SYSTEM:
REVERSE PERCUSSION SHANK’S & PISTON’S POSITION

Reverse percussion (Strike during backward movement),

This system is used when some cuttings fall down on the back of the bit and
stop the backward movement (bit jam in the hole).
So as to pull back the drill steel some strike is necessary, but not too much .
We don’t need all the energy. The top of the
shank is not in
contact with the
Two ways for a good result shank thrust
1- The reverse percussion system, fed by rotation or percussion pressure,
hold the shank in a medium position (not as high as in drilling position)

2- Before hitting the shank the piston is slown down in the braking zone
( kinetic energy is decreased).

Nota:. The reverse percussion system creates some heat in the drifter front
part, it shall not be acted all the time. If the ground is very bad, a back
drilling bit will be useful.
The bottom of the
See: Drifter use. shank is in
contact with the
Use reverse percussion for short periods only, for example :
reverse
10 seconds : backward movement + stroke + rotation
percussion lining
10 seconds : forward movement + rotation (+ strike)
10 seconds : backward movement + strike + rotation etc...
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BACK HAMMERING
MECHANICAL REVERSE PERCUSSION

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MONTABERT DRIFTER TECHNOLOGY

3- Positive ‘’ dampening
system ’’

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DAMPENING SYSTEM
DAMPENING SYSTEM The drifters dampening system can be compare to cars suspension
Spring suspension

1980

Spring + dampener suspension

1996

Pro Active suspension

Pro Activ System

2002

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KEEP THE CAR AGAINST THE ROAD KEEP THE BIT AGAINST THE ROCK
DAMPENING SYSTEM
NORMAL DRILLING
The shank and shank thrust are pushed up, the lining (4) is maintained in back position due to the two forces
created by the percussion pressure in the chambers (6) and (8). The reverse percussion system is supplied
by the line (9). The lining (5) will stay all the time in the same position. The lining (3) is shifted forward by
the percussion pressure in the chamber (6). The chamber (7) is linked to the drain.
7 6 8
To RP

5 4

2 3

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DAMPENING SYSTEM
RECOIL COMPENSATION NORMAL DRILLING

In case of high recoil (bouncing back problems). The pressure increases more in the chamber (6) The
lining (3) is shifted again forward. The chamber (7) is now closed. The lining (3) can move totally forward
due to the difference of section between the chamber (6) and (7)

9 7 6
To RP

2 3

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DAMPENING SYSTEM
HIGH RETURN ENERGY
In case of hard ground there is more bounce back energy, The pressure increases in the chamber (6) The
lining (3) is shifted slightly forward. The chamber (7) is now only linked to the drain by a restricted line.
There is an oil consumption so as to absorb the return energy.

9 7 6
To RP

2 3

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Construction Equipment
DAMPENING SYSTEM
RESULTS
2,2

1,8
1 st generation
1,6
2nd generation
1,4
Pro activ
1,2
Ground
1

0,8

0,6
1 2
0,4
Time in contact Time without contact non efficient
0,2 very efficient blow Blow: Drifter & tooling damages

By increasing the time where the bit is in contact with the rock , the
efficiency of the transmission on the shock wawe is increasing
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MONTABERT DRIFTER TECHNOLOGY
4- Energy recovery
valve

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ENERGY RECOVERY VALVE

Piston start to go
forward

STEP 1

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ENERGY RECOVERY VALVE

Hydraulic flow increase

=
Speed of piston
increase

STEP 2

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ENERGY RECOVERY VALVE

Piston open HP pilot

STEP 3

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ENERGY RECOVERY VALVE

HP pilot the distributor

STEP 4

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ENERGY RECOVERY VALVE
Pilot shut Alimentation shut
ENERGY
RECOVERY

Piston hit the shank

Pilot shut
Return energy wawe

STEP 5

PRESSURE
INCREASE

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ENERGY RECOVERY VALVE
Pilot shut Alimentation shut

Piston go backward
Pilot shut

STEP 5

Return open

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ENERGY RECOVERY VALVE
Alimentation shut

Piston push the

distributor
Pilot open

STEP 6

READY FOR A NEW CYCLE

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FULL CYCLE
HC 109 ADVANTAGES

- Long maintenance intervals and simplicity of maintenance

- High performance

- Carburized bodies, and Galvanized bodies

- Quick parts delivery

- High reliability

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Construction Equipment
HC 109

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Construction Equipment