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Tutorial Problems Integral Approach

This document contains 5 tutorial problems involving integral momentum balance calculations for fluid flow systems. The problems involve calculating forces, pressures, and other parameters for things like pipe bends, reducers, spray heads, jets, and shower heads. Calculations are based on given system dimensions, fluid properties, inlet/outlet conditions, and mass flow rates.

Uploaded by

Nabayan Saha
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
36 views

Tutorial Problems Integral Approach

This document contains 5 tutorial problems involving integral momentum balance calculations for fluid flow systems. The problems involve calculating forces, pressures, and other parameters for things like pipe bends, reducers, spray heads, jets, and shower heads. Calculations are based on given system dimensions, fluid properties, inlet/outlet conditions, and mass flow rates.

Uploaded by

Nabayan Saha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial Problems on Integral Momentum Balance

Y
1. The diameter of a pipe bend is 30 cm at inlet and 15 cm at outlet
and the flow is turned through 1200 in a vertical plane. The axis V1
P1
Z1 X
o
at inlet is horizontal and the centre of the outlet section is 1.5 m 120

below the centre of the inlet section. Total volume of water in the 1

bend is 0.9 m3. Neglecting friction, calculate the magnitude and


direction of the force exerted in the bend by water flowing
through it at 250 L/s and when the inlet pressure is 0.15 N/mm2 Z2
(Note that the pressure at the inlet is absolute pressure and the 2

outlet is not open to the atmosphere). V2 , P2

2. The figure represents flow of gasoline (of specific gravity equal


to 0.72) through a reducer of weight 25 kg and total volume equal
to 0.2 m 3. The velocity at the inlet od diameter equal to 0.4 m is
3 m/s and at the outlet is 12 m/s. The pressure at the inlet is 58.7
kPa (gage) and at the outlet is 109 kPa (absolute). Calculate the
force needed to hold the reducer in place.
1 2

3. A conical spray head is shown in the figure. The fluid is water and
the exit stream is uniform along the entire inner surface of the spray
head. Evaluate (a) the thickness of the water film along the spray
head, when the radius of the spray head is 400 mm, and (b) the axial
force exerted by the spray head on the connecting supply pipe.

4. A horizontal, axi-symmetric jet of air (ρ = 1.23 Kg/m3) with a diameter


of 10 mm strikes the centre of a vertical disk of 200 mm diameter. The
jet speed is 50 m/s at the nozzle exit. There is a small hole at the centre
of the disk, where the air jet strikes and a manometer with a manometric
liquid of specific gravity equal to 1.75. Calculate (i) the deflection, h,
of the manometer and (ii) the force exerted by the jet on the disk.

5. Water at 45 oC enters a shower head through a circular tube with 15.8 mm inside diameter. The
water leaves in 24 streams, each of 1.05 mm diameters. The volume flow rate is 5.67 L/min.
Estimate
(i) The minimum water pressure needed at the inlet to the
shower head.
(ii) Force needed to hold the shower head onto the end of the
circular tube. You may use the value of the contraction
coefficient, K, to be equal to 0.5,  = 990 kg/m3. The
frictional losses are generally small for such short lengths
associated with the shower head.

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