8

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Relationship of Hypothesis and
Conclusion of If-then Statement
and its Equivalent Statement
Mathematics – Grade 8
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Relationship of Hypothesis and Conclusion of If-then Statement
and its Equivalent Statement
First Edition, 2020

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 8

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Relationship of Hypothesis and
Conclusion of If-then Statement
and its Equivalent Statement

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities
in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of
the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience
meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant
competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It will help you understand
better on how to determines the relationship between the hypothesis and the
conclusion of an if-then statement (M8GE-IIf-1) and transforms a statement into an
equivalent if-then statement (M8GE-IIf-2). The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The lessons are done to follow the
standard sequence of the course.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the hypothesis and conclusion of an “if-then” or conditional statement
(M8GE-IIf-1)
2. transform a statement into an equivalent if-then statement (M8GE-IIf-2).

Let Us Try
Multiple Choice. Read and analyze the following items and choose the letter of the
correct answer from the given choices. Write the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. It is a statement formed by joining two statements p and q using the words if and
then.
A. hypothesis B. conclusion C. conditional D. inverse

2. The then-clause of a conditional statement.

A. hypothesis B. conclusion C. statement D. clause

For items 3 and 4

Statement: “If we turn-off the water in the shower, then the water will stop pouring.”

3. The hypothesis of the above statement.

A. The water will stop pouring.
B. The water in the shower.
C. We turn-off the water in the shower.
D. We turn-off the water
4. The conclusion of the above statement.
A. The water in the shower
B. We turn-off the water in the shower.
C. The water will stop pouring.
D. The water will stop.

5. If the angles have same measures, then they are congruent. What do you call the
underlined portion in this conditional statement?
A. conclusion B. Hypothesis C. argument D. converse

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For items 6 – 8
Identify the if-then form of the given statement.

6. All isosceles triangles are right.

A. If triangles are isosceles, then it is right.
B. If triangles are right, then it is isosceles.
C. If triangles are not isosceles, then it is right.
D. If triangles are isosceles, then it is not right.

7. The product of two negative integers is always positive.

A. If two negative integers, then the product is not always positive.
B. If two integers are not negative, then the product is always positive.
C. If two integers are not negative, then the product is not positive.
D. If two negative integers, then the product is always positive.

8. Filipinos are God-fearing people.

A. If you are Filipino, then you are not a God-fearing person.
B. If you are a Filipino, then you are a God-fearing person.
C. If you are not a Filipino, then you are God-fearing person.
D. If you are not a Filipino, then you are not a God-fearing person.

9. The hypothesis of the statement

“If you smile, then it is a start of our friendship”.
A. If you smile.
B. It is a start of our friendship.
C. You smile.
D. Then it is a start of our friendship.

10. The conclusion of the statement

“If it is a rectangle, then the opposite sides are parallel”.
A. The opposite sides are parallel.
B. The opposite sides are not parallel.
C. It is a rectangle.
D. It is not a rectangle.

11. Supply a valid conclusion for the given hypothesis:

If a population consists of 50% men, then ___________________________.
A. 40% of the population must be woman.
B. 30% of the population must be woman.
C. 50% of the population must be woman.
D. 70% of the population must be woman.

12. The following conditional are true, except

A. If m∠A = 90, then it is a right angle
B. If m∠A = 80, then it is an acute angle.
C. If m∠A = 95, then it is a right angle.
D. If m∠A = 89 , then it is an acute angle.

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13. Which of the following statement is true?
A. All equiangular triangles are equilateral.
B. An acute angle measures 80 degrees.
C. Any two lines intersect at the middle.
D. Four sided polygons are equilateral.

14. The if-then form of the statement: All students like geometry.
A. If you are a student, then you like geometry.
B. If you are not a student, then you like geometry.
C. If you are not a student, then you don’t like geometry.
D. If you are a student, then you don’t like geometry.

15. Rewrite the statement “I bring my umbrella when it is raining” in the if-then form.
A. I bring my umbrella, then it is raining.
B. If it is raining, then I bring my umbrella.
C. If it is not raining, then I will not bring my umbrella.
D. If I bring my umbrella, then it is raining.

Let Us Study

Do you think it is possible to make a valid conclusion without even going through
the process of investigation? What would you do if you were asked to make a decision
that will affect many people? Many aspects in our life involve decisions.
Geometry deals with logical reasoning to prove a certain statement. In this worksheet
you will find the answer to the questions: “How do you make a valid conclusion?”
and “How can you show that your conclusion is valid?”
Let us try this!

Activity 1: Inbox – Outbox Sheet

Description: This activity is intended to elicit your prior knowledge regarding the
lesson.
Direction: Answer the questions below and write your answer in the space provided
IN THE BOX.

What conclusions can you give why some students are faced with problem in
life such as failing grades, and even difficulties in obeying their parents?

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 IN THE BOX

Activity 2: JUDGE US!

Description: Many statements that we encounter are logically constructed but not
valid or acceptable. This activity deals with determining which statement is valid or
not.
Direction: Tell whether the second statement is a valid consequence of the first
statement. Write only valid or invalid as your answer.
1. Teens who are good in mathematics are smart.
Mark is smart, then he is good in mathematics. (Answer: VALID)
2. Young actors are health conscious.
Kyle is a young actor then he is health conscious.
3. If it rains, then the field demonstration will be cancelled.
It rained therefore the field demonstration was cancelled.
4. If the lines are parallel they do not intersect.
Line w and line z do not intersect; therefore, they are parallel.
5. If two angles are right angles, then they are congruent.
∠R and ∠S are congruent, then they are right angles.
For item 6, complete the statement and justify your answer
6. Miss Earth candidates are environmentalists.
Miss Janice is a candidate to the Miss Earth search, therefore
_________________________________________________

If-then Statement

An if-then statement is composed of two clauses: the if–clause and the then–
clause. We can denote a letter for each clause, p for the if-clause and q for the then-
clause. The statement is in the form, “if p then q”. Conditional statements are
formed by joining two statements p and q using the words if and then. The p
statement is called the hypothesis and the q statement is called the conclusion.

Examples:

1.Teens who are good in mathematics are smart.

p q
If-then statement: If you are good in mathematics, then you are smart.

Hypothesis: You are good in mathematics.

Conclusion: You are smart.

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2. Parallel lines do not intersect.

p q
If-then statement: If the lines are parallel, then they do not intersect.

Hypothesis: The lines are parallel.

Conclusion: They do not intersect.
Activity 3: Identify Me!

Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of the following statements:

1. If you are a dog, then you have four legs.

2. If an angle measures 90 degrees, then it is a right angle.

3. If M is the midpoint of XZ, then M is between X and Z.

4. If a triangle is isosceles, then it has at least two congruent sides.

Study the following statement and identify if the four possibilities given below is true
or false.

Ric promises that if he has a P500-bill, he will treat his daughter for dinner.
Four possibilities:

• Ric has a P500-bill and treats his daughter for dinner.

• Ric has a P500-bill and he did not treat his daughter for dinner.
• Ric has no P500-bill but still treats his daughter for dinner.
• Ric has no P500-bill and he did not treat his daughter for dinner.

p → q is true except when p is true and q is false.

p → q is true when q is true and p is false.

A conditional statement symbolized by p → q, is an if-then statement in which p is

the hypothesis and q is the conclusion. The logical connector in a conditional
statement is denoted by the symbol →. The conditional statement may be true or
false. It is false only if the hypothesis is true and the conclusion is false. A truth
table for p → q is shown below.

p q p→q
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T

Conditional statements are not always written with the “if” clause first. The following
conditionals mean the same thing.

General Form Example

If p, then q If it is 8:30 PM, then it must be nighttime.
p implies q 8:30 PM implies it must be nighttime.
P only if q 8:30 PM only if it must be nighttime.
q if p It must be nighttime if it is 8:30 PM.

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Note that a conditional is a compound statement. Now that we have defined a
conditional, we can apply it to Example 1.
Example 1:
Given: p: I do my homework.
q: I get my allowance.
Problem: What does p → q represent?

In Example 1, the sentence, "I do my homework" is the hypothesis and the sentence,
"I get my allowance" is the conclusion. Thus, the conditional p→q represents the
hypothetical proposition, "If I do my homework, then I get my allowance." However,
as you can see from the truth table above, doing your homework does not guarantee
that you will get an allowance! In other words, there is not always a cause-and-effect
relationship between the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement.

Example 2:

Given: a: The sun is made of gas.

b: 3 is a prime number
Problem: Write a→b as a sentence. Then
construct a truth table for this
conditional.

Solution: The conditional a → b represents "If the sun is made of gas, then 3 is a
prime number."

a b a→b
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T

In Example 2, "The sun is made of gas" is the hypothesis and "3 is a prime number"
is the conclusion. Note that the logical meaning of this conditional statement is not
the same as its intuitive meaning. In logic, the conditional is defined to be true unless
a true hypothesis leads to a false conclusion. The implication of a → b is that: since
the sun is made of gas, this makes 3 a prime number. However, intuitively, we know
that this is false because the sun and the number three have nothing to do with one
another! Therefore, the logical conditional allows implications to be true even when
the hypothesis and the conclusion have no logical connection.

Conditional Statement

You have already learned that an if-then statement is composed of two clauses: the
if–clause and the then–clause. The statement is in the form, “if p then q”. Conditional
statements are formed by joining two statements p and q using the words if and then.
The p statement is called the hypothesis and the q statement is called the conclusion.
In this lesson, you will be able to transform a statement into an equivalent if -then
statement.

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Observe the statement below:

“I’ll buy what you want when you got a high grade.”
• Are you familiar with the statement above?

• To whom you usually hear this line?

• What happen if you got high grade?

• Can you get what you want easily?

• Can we make this statement into if-then statement?

A conditional statement (also called an If-Then Statement) is a statement with a

hypothesis followed by a conclusion.

The hypothesis is the first, or “if,” part of a conditional statement. The conclusion is
the second, or “then,” part of a conditional statement. The conclusion is the result of
a hypothesis. Keep in mind that conditional statements might not always be written
in the “if-then” form.

Here are a few examples.

• Statement 1: If you work overtime, then you’ll be paid time-and-a-half.

• Statement 2: I’ll wash the car if the weather is nice.
• Statement 3: If 2 divides evenly into x, then x is an even number.
• Statement 4: I’ll be a millionaire when I win monopoly.
• Statement 5: All equiangular triangles are equilateral.

Statements 1 and 3 are written in the “if-then” form.

• The hypothesis of Statement 1 is “you work overtime.”

• The conclusion is “you’ll be paid time-and-a-half.” So, if Sarah works overtime,
then what will happen?
• From Statement 1, we can conclude that she will be paid time-and-a-half.
• If 2 goes evenly into 16, what can you conclude?
• From Statement 3, we know that 16 must be an even number.

Statement 2 has the hypothesis after the conclusion.

• Even though the word “then” is not there, the statement can be rewritten as:
If the weather is nice, then I’ll wash the car.
• If the word “if” is in the middle of a conditional statement, the hypothesis is
always after it.

Statement 4 uses the word “when” instead of “if.”

• It should be treated like Statement 2, so it can be written as: If I win monopoly,

then I will be a millionaire.

In statement 5 “if” and “then” are not there, but can be rewritten as: If a triangle is
equiangular, then it is equilateral.

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Rewriting statements in If – Then Form

1. All students like geometry.

Answer: If you are a student, then you like geometry.

2. I bring my umbrella when it is raining.

Rewrite in if-then form, considering what causes what. In this situation, it is
the rain that causes me to bring an umbrella (not bringing an umbrella that
causes rain).

3. Bob will go to the store if Anne tells him what to buy.

First, rewrite in if – then form.
Answer: If Anne tells Bob what to buy, then Bob will go to the store.
Hypothesis: Anne tells Bob what to buy
Conclusion (or result): Bob will go to the store.

Let Us Practice

Activity 4: Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of the following conditional

statements.

1.If we turn off the water in the shower, then the water will stop pouring.
Hypothesis ______________________________________________________
Conclusion ______________________________________________________
2.If a population consists of 50% men then 50% of the population must be women.
Hypothesis ______________________________________________________
Conclusion ______________________________________________________
3.If the quadrilateral is equilateral, then their diagonals are perpendicular.
Hypothesis ______________________________________________________
Conclusion ______________________________________________________

Determine if the given conditional is true or false:

4.If m<A = 95, then it is a right angle
5.If x + 3 = 6, then x = 3.
6.If you study hard, then you will get good grades.

Activity 5: Change the following in if – then statement:

1. Smile, can start a friendship.
2. Everything on the internet is not always true.
3. Smart teenager obeys his teacher.
4. x + 34 = 4, x = 30
5. Vertical angles are congruent.

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 Let Us Practice More

Activity 6: Determine the hypothesis and the conclusion of the following statements:

1. Help save the environment by recycling bottles, cans and paper.

Hypothesis (p): ____________________________
Conclusion (q): _________________________________
2. All isosceles triangles are right.
Hypothesis (p): __________________________________
Conclusion (q): __________________________________
3. An equilateral triangle is equiangular.
Hypothesis (p): __________________________________
Conclusion (q): __________________________________
4. The product of two negative integers is always positive.
Hypothesis (p): __________________________________
Conclusion (q): __________________________________

Activity 7: Convert each statement in equivalent if – then statement, and then

identify the hypothesis and the conclusion.
1. Opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel.
2. Filipinos are God-fearing people
3. All math wizards are male.
4. All dogs bark at strangers.
5. A student who attends a medical school becomes a doctor.
6. An even number ends in the digit 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8.
7. Collinear points are points lying on the same line.
8. All supplementary angles form a linear pair.
9. The midpoint of a segment divides the segment into two congruent segments.
10. Two adjacent angles form a linear pair.

Let Us Remember

An if-then statement is composed of two clauses: the if–clause and the then–
clause. We can denote a letter for each clause, p for the if-clause and q for the then-
clause. The statement is in the form, “if p then q”. Conditional statements are
formed by joining two statements p and q using the words if and then. The p
statement is called the hypothesis and the q statement is called the conclusion.
p → q is true except when p is true and q is false.

p → q true when q is true and p is false.

The conditional is defined to be true unless a true hypothesis leads to a false

conclusion.

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A truth table for p → q.

P Q p→q
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T

In the truth table above, p → q is only false when the hypothesis (p) is true and the
conclusion (q) is false; otherwise it is true. Note that a conditional is a compound
statement.
A conditional statement (also called an If-Then Statement) is a statement with a
hypothesis followed by a conclusion. Another way to define a conditional statement
is to say, “If this happens, then that will happen.”
The hypothesis is the first, or “if,” part of a conditional statement. The conclusion is
the second, or “then,” part of a conditional statement. The conclusion is the result of
a hypothesis.
Keep in mind that conditional statements might not always be written in the “if-then”
form. In this case, to identify the hypothesis and the conclusion, first transform the
statement into an equivalent if – then statement.

Let Us Assess

Multiple Choice. Read and analyze the following items and choose the letter of the
correct answer from the given choices. Write the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Conditional statement composed of two clauses, what do we call on the if-clause?
A. hypothesis B. conclusion C. statement D. clause

2. If you do your homework, then you can watch TV. The underline portion is the
____________ of the if-then statement.
A. hypothesis B. conclusion C. statement D. clause

3. If the angles are congruent, then it has the same measures. What do you call the
underlined portion in this conditional statement?
A. conclusion B. Hypothesis C. argument D. the converse

For items 4 – 6
Identify the if-then form of the given statement.
4. Join this program and you will lose weight.
A. If you join this program, then you will lose weight.
B. You join this program, then you will lose weight.
C. If you join this program, you lose weight.
D. Join this program and then you will lose weight.

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5. Anyone who goes to the mall likes to shop.
A. Anyone who goes to the mall, then you like to shop.
B. You go to the mall, then you like to shop.
C. If you go to the mall, you like to shop.
D. If you go the mall, then you like to shop.

6. All students have a math class.

A. If you are a student, you have a math class.
B. If you are a student, then you have a math class.
C. You are a student, then you have a math class.
D. If you are a student, then you don’t have a math class.

7. The hypothesis of the statement “If a shape is a pentagon, then it has five sides”.
A. If a shape is a pentagon.
B. It has five sides.
C. A shape is a pentagon.
D. Then it has five sides.

8. The conclusion of the statement “If a shape is a square, then it has right angles”.
A. A shape is a square.
B. It has right angles.
C. If a shape is a square.
D. It has no right angles.

9. Supply a valid conclusion for the given hypothesis: If two lines intersect, then
________________________.
A. the intersection is a point
B. the lines intersect
C. the intersection is not a point
D. the lines do not intersect

10. The following conditional are true, except

A. If m∠A = 109, then it is an obtuse angle
B. If m∠A = 50, then it is an acute angle.
C. If m∠A = 109, then it is a right angle.
D. If m∠A = 80, then it is an acute angle.

11. Which of the following statement is true?

A. All equiangular triangles are equilateral.
B. An acute angle measures 80 degrees.
C. Any two lines intersect at the middle.
D. Four sided polygons are equilateral.

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12. The if-then form of the statement: Enrollees in this school year needs to answer
modules.
A. If you enrolled this school year, then you need to answer modules.
B. You enrolled this school year, you need to answer modules.
C. If you are not an enrollee, then you don’t need modules.
D. If you are an enrollee, you need to answer modules.

13. Rewrite the statement “Angles with the same measures are congruent” in the if-
then form.
A. Angles have the same measures, then it is congruent.
B. If angles have the same measures, then angles are congruent.
C. If angles are congruent, then their measures are equal.
D. If angle are not congruent, then there measures are unequal .

For items 14 – 15: Transform the following into an if-then form statement.

14. The sky is blue.

A. If it is blue, then it is the sky.
B. If it is not the sky, then it is not blue.
C. If it is not blue, then it is not a sky.
D. If it is the sky, then it is blue.

15. Opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel.

A. If it is a rectangle, then the opposite sides are parallel.
B. If it is opposite sides of a rectangle, then it is parallel
C. If the opposite sides are parallel, then it is rectangle.
D. It is not a rectangle, then the opposite sides are not parallel.

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 Let Us Enhance

Write an essay about your life during these days of pandemic, your experiences,
realizations and lesson learned. Then identify the if-then statements being used.

Rubrics:

Features 10 8 6 4

Expert Accomplished Capable Beginner

Quality of Piece was Piece was written Piece had little Piece had no style
Writing written in an in an interesting style or voice or voice
extraordinary style and voice
Gives some new Gives no new
style and voice
Somewhat information but information and
Very informative informative and poorly very poorly
and well- organized organized organized
organized

Grammar, Virtually no Few spelling and A number of So many spelling,

Usage & spelling, punctuation spelling, punctuation and
Mechanics punctuation or errors, minor punctuation or grammatical
grammatical grammatical grammatical errors that it
errors errors errors interferes with the
meaning

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 Let Us Reflect

On this activity, share your insights, thoughts and significant learning from the
lesson. Write your answers in the space provided.
Like, Heart and Sad Reacts
On the Like React, write three things that you have learned about the lesson.

On the Heart React, write two real-life situations where you can apply the concept
learned in this module.

On the Sad React, write one question that you want to ask about the topic.

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 18
Let us Practice:
Activity 4:
1. Hypothesis: We turn off the water in the shower.
Conclusion: The water will stop pouring.
2. Hypothesis: A population consists of 50% men.
Conclusion: 50% of the population must be women.
3. Hypothesis: The quadrilateral is equilateral.
Conclusion: Their diagonals are perpendicular.
4. False
5. True
6. True
Activity 5:
1. If you smile, then it is a start of our friendship.
2. If everything is on the internet, then it is not always true.
3. If you are a smart teenager, then you obey your teacher.
4. If it is x + 34 = 4, then x = 30.
5. If the angles are vertical, then the angles are congruent.
Let us Study:
Activity 1: Varied answers
Activity 2: Judge us!
1. Valid 3. Valid 5. invalid
2. Valid 4. Valid 6. Varied answers
Activity 3:
1. Hypothesis: You are a dog.
Conclusion: You have four legs.
2. Hypothesis: An angle measures 90 degrees.
Conclusion: It is a right angle.
3. Hypothesis: M is the midpoint of XZ.
Conclusion: M is between X and Z.
4. Hypothesis: A triangle is isosceles.
Conclusion: It has at least two congruent sides.
Let Us Assess: Let Us Try
1. A 6. B 11. A 1.C 6. A 11. C
2. B 7. C 12. A 2. B 7. D 12. C
3. A 8. B 13. B 3. C 8. B 13. A
4. A 9. A 14. D 4. C 9. C 14. A
5. D 10. C 15. B 5. A 10. A 15. B
Answer Key
 19
Let us Practice More:
Activity 6:
1. Hypothesis (p): You recycle bottles, cans, and paper.
Conclusion (q): You will help save the environment.
2. Hypothesis (p): It is an isosceles triangle.
Conclusion (q): It is right.
3. Hypothesis (p): It is equilateral triangle.
Conclusion (q): It is equiangular triangle.
4. Hypothesis (p): Two negative integers.
Conclusion (q): The product is always positive.
Activity 7:
1. If it is a rectangle, then the opposite sides are parallel.
Hypothesis: It is a rectangle. Conclusion: The opposite sides are parallel.
2. If you are a Filipino, then you are a God-fearing person.
Hypothesis: You are a Filipino. Conclusion: You are God-fearing person.
3. If you are a math wizard, then you are male
Hypothesis: You are a math wizard. Conclusion: You are male.
4. If dogs bark, then you are a stranger.
Hypothesis: Dogs bark. Conclusion: You are stranger.
5. If you are a student who attends a medical school, then you became a doctor.
Hypothesis: You are a student who attends a medical school.
Conclusion: You became a doctor.
6. If it is an even number, then it ends in the digit 0, 2, 4,6 or 8.
Hypothesis: It is an even number. Conclusion: It ends in the digit 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8.
7. If points are collinear, then the points lie on the same line.
Hypothesis: Points are collinear. Conclusion: The points lie on the same line.
8. If angles are supplementary, then it forms a linear pair.
Hypothesis: Angles are supplementary. Conclusion: It forms a linear pair.
9. If it is a midpoint of a segment, then it divides the segment into two congruent segments.
Hypothesis: It is a midpoint of a segment.
Conclusion: It divides the segment into two congruent segments.
10. If the angles are adjacent, then it forms a linear pair.
Hypothesis: The angles are adjacent.
Conclusion: It forms a linear pair.
 References

Abuzo, Emmanuel P., Bryant, Merden L., Cabrella, Jem Boy B., et. Al., 2013,
Mathematics Grade 8 Learner’s Module. Philsports Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig
City, Philippines. Book Media Press, Inc. & Printwell, Inc. pages: 315,321-327.

https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-precalculus-concepts-
2.0/section/16.2/related/lesson/if-then-statements-
geom/#:~:text=Conditional%20Statements,part%20of%20a%20conditional%20state
ment.

https://www.thoughtco.com/essay-rubric-2081367
https://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/vol9/conditional

https://www.ck12.org/assessment/ui/?test/view/practice/geometry/If-Then-
Statements-Practice&ep=https://www.ck12.org/geometry/If-Then-
Statements/?referrer=concept_details

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