Physcics Practical 12..

CERTIFICATE
EE
This is to certify that this “ physics
Investigatory project ” on the topic
“Electromagnetic induction” has been
successfully completed by Raj kishan
chourasiya of class 12th A under the
guidance of Mr. Sonu singh kaurav sir
during the year 2023-2024 in partial fulfillment
of physics practical examination conducted by
CBSE Board
Signature Internal examiner Signature External examiner

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude
to my physics teacher Mr.Sonu singh kaurav sir , as
well as our Director Mr.shubam jain sir for providing
me with the opportunity to work on this beautiful
project.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and

friends who helped me to finish this project within the
limited time frame.
Finally, I would like to thank everyone without whose

help I could not have completed my project
successfully.
Name of student : Raj kishan chourasiya
Date :
INDEX
CONTENT PAGE NO.
Certificate 2
Acknowledgement 3
Aim 4
Introduction 5
Principle 6
Theory 7
Observation 11
conclusion 12
Application of emf 13
Precaution 13
Bibliography 14
TOPIC
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Aim
To study the phenomenon of Electromagnetic
Induction
Introduction
Electro Magnet:
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which
the magnetic field is produced by electric
current. The magnetic field disappears when the
current is turned off.
INDUCTION:
This process of generating current in a conductor by
placing the conductor in a changing magnetic field is
called induction.
Electromagnetic induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of a
potential difference (voltage) across a conductor
when it is exposed to a varying magnetic field.
Electromagnetic induction is when an electromagnetic
field causes molecules in another object to flow.
Induction can produce electricity (in coils), heat (in
ferrous metals), or waves (in a radio transmitter).
Finally, it is referring to the phenomenon where an

emf is induced when the magnetic flux linking a
conductor change.
Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the

magnetic flux density and the area normal to the field
through which the field is passing. It is a scalar
quantity and its S.I. unit is the weber (Wb).
Principle
Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes
just induction) is a process where a
conductor placed in a changing magnetic
field (or a conductor moving through a
stationary magnetic field) causes the
production of a voltage across the
conductor. This process of electromagnetic
induction, in turn, causes an electrical
current, it is said to induce the current.
Theory
INVENSION:
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of
induction in 1831 though it may have been anticipated by
the work of Francesco Zantedeschi in 1829. Around 1830 to
1832, Joseph Henry made a similar discovery, but did not
publish his findings until later.
Induced e.m.f:
If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an e.m.f. will be
generated in the coil. This effect was first observed and
explained by Ampere and Faraday between 1825 and 1831.
Faraday discovered that an e.m.f. could be generated either
by,
(a) moving the coil or the source of flux relative to each other
or
(b) By changing the magnitude of the source of magnetic
flux.
Note that the e.m.f. is only produced while the flux is

changing.
For example, consider two coils as shown in Following

Figure.
Working and Construction
Current is produced in a conductor when it is moved
through a magnetic field because the magnetic lines
of force are applying a force on the free electrons in
the conductor and causing them to move. This
process of generating current in a conductor by
placing the conductor in a changing magnetic field is
called induction. This is called induction because
there is no physical connection between the
conductor and the magnet. The current is said to be
induced in the conductor by the magnetic field. One
requirement for this electromagnetic induction to take
place is that the conductor, which is often a piece of
wire, must be perpendicular to the magnetic lines of
force in order to produce the maximum force on the
free electrons. The direction that the induced current
flows is determined by the direction of the lines of
force and by the direction the wire is moving in the
field. In the animation above the ammeter (the
instrument used to measure current) indicates when
there is current in the conductor.
Lenz’s Law:
When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux
according to Faraday’s Law, the polarity of the induced emf
is such that it produces a current whose magnetic field
opposes the change which produces it. The induced
magnetic field inside any loop of wire always acts to keep
the magnetic flux in the loop constant. In the examples
below, if the B field is increasing, the induced field acts in
opposition to it. If it is decreasing, the induced field acts in
the direction of the applied field to try to keep it constant.
Application of Electromagnetic Induction

Electrical Generator:
The EMF generated by Faraday’s law of induction due to
relative movement of a circuit and a magnetic field is the
phenomenon underlying electrical generators. When a
permanent magnet is moved relative to a conductor, or vice
versa, an electromotive force is created. If the wire is
connected through an electrical load, current will flow, and
thus electrical energy is generated, converting the
mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy.
Electrical transformer:
The EMF predicted by Faraday’s law is also
responsible for electrical transformers. When the
electric current in a loop of wire changes, the
changing current creates a changing magnetic field. A
second wire in reach of this magnetic field will
experience this change in magnetic field as a change
in its coupled magnetic flux, dΦB/dt. Therefore, an
electromotive force is set up in the second loop called
the induced EMF or transformer EMF. If the two ends
of this loop are connected through an electrical load,
current will flow.
Observation
 Magnet is moved at certain rate and

certain voltage is produced.
 Magnet is moved at faster rate and

creating a greater induced voltage.
 Magnet is moved at same speed

through coil that has greater number
of turn and greater voltage is
induced.
Conclusion
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, first
observed and published by Michael Faraday in the
mid-nineteenth century, describes a very important
electro-magnetic concept. Although its mathematical
representations are cryptic, the essence of Faraday’s
is not hard to grasp: it relates an induced electric
potential or voltage to a dynamic magnetic field. This
concept has many far-reaching ramifications that
touch our lives in many ways: from the shining of the
sun, to the convenience of mobile communications, to
electricity to power our homes. We can all appreciate
the profound impact Faraday’s Law has on us.
MICHAEL FARADAY
Application of Electromagnetic
Induction in Real Life
The principles of electromagnetic induction are
applied in many devices and systems, including:
 Electrical generators
 Induction motors
 Induction sealing
 Inductive charging
 Transformers
 Wireless energy transfer
 Wireless charger
PRECAUTIONS
 Do all the connection carefully
 Do not scratch insulated copper wire while making

loop
 Do not use digital voltmeter for above demonstration
 Do not use very thick or thin copper wire
 Use only insulated copper wire
 Keep your self safe from high voltage
 Before doing any experiment please consult to your

subject teacher or lab assistance
Bibliography
 Wikipedia.co
 Google search engine
 www.youtube.com/knowledgecycle
 www.knowledgecycle.in
 Physics NCERT book for class XII

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CERTIFICATE

Signature Internal examiner Signature External examiner

Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and

Finally, I would like to thank everyone without whose

Name of student : Raj kishan chourasiya

Finally, it is referring to the phenomenon where an

Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the

Note that the e.m.f. is only produced while the flux is

For example, consider two coils as shown in Following

Application of Electromagnetic Induction

 Magnet is moved at certain rate and

 Magnet is moved at faster rate and

 Magnet is moved at same speed

 Do not scratch insulated copper wire while making

 Do not use digital voltmeter for above demonstration

 Do not use very thick or thin copper wire

 Use only insulated copper wire

 Keep your self safe from high voltage

 Before doing any experiment please consult to your

 Google search engine

 Physics NCERT book for class XII

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