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  • DCExpt 7

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    Eya Cedilla
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    1) This experiment aims to verify Kirchhoff's Current and Voltage Laws by building circuits and measuring currents and voltages. 2) Key steps include constructing circuits in a simulation and with real components, measuring voltages and currents, and calculating voltages around loops and the sum of currents at nodes. 3) Results are recorded and compared between simulation and experiment to evaluate any discrepancies. Kirchhoff's Laws are then applied to solve circuits.

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    1) This experiment aims to verify Kirchhoff's Current and Voltage Laws by building circuits and measuring currents and voltages. 2) Key steps include constructing circuits in a simulation and with real components, measuring voltages and currents, and calculating voltages around loops and the sum of currents at nodes. 3) Results are recorded and compared between simulation and experiment to evaluate any discrepancies. Kirchhoff's Laws are then applied to solve circuits.

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    3 views5 pages

    DCExpt 7

    Uploaded by

    Eya Cedilla
    1) This experiment aims to verify Kirchhoff's Current and Voltage Laws by building circuits and measuring currents and voltages. 2) Key steps include constructing circuits in a simulation and with real components, measuring voltages and currents, and calculating voltages around loops and the sum of currents at nodes. 3) Results are recorded and compared between simulation and experiment to evaluate any discrepancies. Kirchhoff's Laws are then applied to solve circuits.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    EXPERIMENT 7

    KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS

    OBJECTİVES

    1. Verify that the algebraic sum of the currents entering and leaving a node in an
    electrical network is equal to zero
    2. Verify that the algebraic sum of the voltages around a closed loop in an electrical
    network is equal to zero

    INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIALS

    PC installed with Multisim


    1-DC Power supply
    1-Multimeter
    3-1kΩ Resistors
    4-Resistors (TBA)

    INTRODUCTION

    The Kirchhoff’s Laws is very useful when dealing with complex electrical networks
    that contain more than one source of emf. According to Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, in an
    electrical network the algebraic sum of the currents entering and leaving a node is equal
    to zero; also, the algebraic sum of the voltages around a closed loop is equal to zero. The
    former is known as the Kirchhoff’s Current Law and the latter, the Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law.

    To properly understand the meaning and use of this law, it is important to


    recognize that the term algebraic refers to arbitrary assumed sign (+ or -) given to
    indicate current direction and emf. Moreover, all current directions and emf polarities
    must be properly identified on a circuit diagram before current and voltage equations
    can be written in accordance with the current and voltage laws.

    PROCEDURE

    Part 1 – Simulation

    1. Construct the network shown in Figure 7.1.


    2. Measure the voltages VBC, VCD, VBF, VFD, VCF, and VBD Record the values in Table 7.1
    under Simulated Values. Note the polarities of the voltages.

    Figure 7.1

    3. Measure the currents I AB, IBC, ICD, IBF, and I DF. Record the values in Table 7.2 under
    Simulated Values. Note the polarities of the currents.

    4. Calculate the voltages around the following loops and record in Table 7.3 under
    Simulated Values: ABCDEA, BCFB, CFDC, BCDFB

    5. Verify KCL by adding the currents at nodes B, C, D, F. Record the values in Table 7.4
    under Simulated Values.

    Table 7.1 Voltage Measurement

    Voltages (V) VBC VCD VBF VFD VCF VBD


    Simulated
    Values
    Experimental
    Values
    % Deviation

    Table 7.2 Current Measurement

    Currents (A) IAB IBC ICD IBF IDF


    Simulated
    Values
    Experimental
    Values
    % Deviation
    Table 7.3 Voltages Around Loops

    Voltages (V) ABCDEA BCFB CFDC BCDFB


    Simulated
    Values
    Experimental
    Values
    % Deviation

    Table 7.4 Sum of Currents at Nodes

    Currents (A) B C D F
    Simulated
    Values
    Experimental
    Values
    % Deviation

    Part 2 – Hardwired Experiment

    6. Repeat Procedure 1 – 5 with the hardwired components. Before switching on the DC


    power supply, set its voltage to 0V.

    7. Turn the power supply on. Increase the supply voltage to 9 V. Record the results in
    Tables 7.1 to 7.4 under the Experimental Values.

    8. Calculate the % deviation for each quantity in Tables 7.1 to 7.4.

    CONCLUSION

    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

    1. Do the experimental and simulated values of the voltages and currents agree? Give
    possible reasons for any discrepancies.
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________

    2. How are the plus and minus voltage sign for resistance voltage drops, for battery
    voltages and currents be determined?
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________

    3. Can Kirchhoff’s Laws be used to solve simple series and parallel circuits or are they
    restricted for use in more complicated circuits that are not combinations of series and
    parallel?
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________

    4. Determine the currents I 1, I2, and I3 in the circuit of Figure 7.2.

    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________

    5. In the circuit of Figure 7.2, calculate the current through the 30 Ω resistor by Kirchhoff’s
    Laws.
    Figure 7.2

    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________

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