Medical Technology/Clinical Laboratory Science Medical Technology Curriculum

Education
Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
TOPIC
• Established on May 18, 1994, through;
• Republic Act No. 7722, the Higher
Education Act of 1992
Definition of Curriculum
• Under the Office of the President of the
• Curriculum came from the word “currere” Philippines that covers institutions of higher
which means “to run.” education for both public and private.
o Refers to the knowledge and skill • Under CHED is the Technical Committee
students are expected to learn, which for Medical Technology Education
include the “learning standards or (TCMTE).
learning objectives.” • Commission issued CHED Memorandum
o Refers to the “means and Order (CMO) No.13 series of 2017
materials.”
o “Continuous reconstruction, BSMT/BSMLS
moving from the child’s present • A four-year program consisting of general
experience out into that education and professional courses that
represented by the organized students are expected to complete within the
bodies of truth that we call first three years.
studies… the various studies…are
themselves experience – they are General Education Courses
that of the race” – John Dewey
• These courses aim to develop foundational
o Refers to the “planned
knowledge, skills, values, and habits
interactions” of students with
necessary for students to succeed in life.
instructional content, materials,
resources, and processes for
o Understanding the Self
evaluating the attainment of
o Readings in Philippine History
educational objectives. – Indiana
o The Contemporary World
Department of Education
o Mathematics in the Modern World
Looking into these definitions (and other’s), o Purposive Communication
curriculum: o The Life and Works of Rizal
o Science, Technology, and Society
• Systematic and organized; o Art Appreciation
• Explicitly states outcomes (knowledge, o Ethics
skills) the learners/students have to achieve
and learn through the use of planned Professional Courses
instructional processes and other learning • Professional courses are taken for learners to
implements in a specific period; develop the knowledge, technical
• Consists of a planned process of competence, professional attitude, and
measurement, assessment, and evaluation to values necessary to practice and meet
gauge student learning; and demands of the profession.
• Is designed for students.

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 Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 1: • Emphasis on microscopic structures,
Introduction to Medical Laboratory Science, characteristics, differences, and functions.
Laboratory Safety, and Waste Management. • Deals with microscopic identification and
differentiation of cells that make up the
• Emphasis is on the curriculum, practice of
systems of the body.
the profession, clinical practice of the
profession, clinical laboratories, continuing Histopathologic Techniques with Cytology
professional education, biosafety practices,
and waste management. • Covers the basic concepts and principles of
disease processes, etiology, and the
Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 2: development of anatomic, microscopic
Clinical Laboratory Assistance and Phlebotomy changes brought about the disease process.
• Deals with the histopathologic techniques
• Encompasses the concepts and principles of
necessary for the preparation of tissue
the different assays, performed in clinical
samples collected via surgery biopsy, and/or
laboratory.
autopsy for macroscopic and microscopic
• Phlebotomy deals with the basic concepts,
examinations for diagnostic purposes.
principles, and application of standard
o Tissue processing
procedures in blood collection, transport,
o Cutting of processed tissue
and processing.
o Staining Mounting of stained tissue
• It also involves the study of pre-analytic,
for microscopic examination
analytic, and post-analytic variables that
o Performing biosafety and waste
affect reliability of test results.
management
Community and Public Health for MT/MLS
Clinical Bacteriology
• Involves the study of the foundations of
• Deals with the study of the physiology and
community health that include human
morphology of bacteria and their role in
ecology, demography, and epidemiology.
infection and immunity.
• Emphasizes the promotion of community,
• Emphasis is on the collection of specimen
public, and environmental health and the
and the isolation and identification of
immersion and interaction of students with
bacteria.
people in the community.
• Covers antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Cytogenetics and development of resistance to
antimicrobial substances.
• Focused on the study of the concepts and o Preparation of culture media
principles of heredity and inheritance which o Collection of specimen
include genetic phenomena, sec o Preparation of bacterial smear
determination, and genetic defects rooted in o Staining of smear
inheritance. o Inoculation of specimen on culture
• Discusses the abnormalities and genetic media
disorders involving the chromosomes, DNA o Characterization of colonies of
and RNA. bacteria growing in culture media
Human Histology o Performing different biochemical
tests for identification of bacteria
• Deals with the study of the fundamentals of o Biosafety and waste management
cells, tissues, and organs. o Quality assurance and quality control
o Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
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 Clinical Parasitology Laboratory Management
• Concerned with the study of animal • Looks into the concepts of laboratory
parasites in humans and their medical management which are planning,
significance in the country. organizing, staffing, directing, and
• Emphasis is on the pathophysiology, controlling as applied in clinical laboratory
epidemiology, life cycle, prevention and setting.
control, and the identification of ova and/or • Tackles the process of solving problems,
adult worms and other forms seen in quality assurance and quality control,
specimens submitted for diagnostic preparation of policy and procedure
purposes. manuals, and other activities necessary to
o Microscopic identification of maintain a well-functioning laboratory.
diagnostic features of different
Medical Technology Laws and Bioethics
groups of parasites pathogenic to
man (e.g., nematodes, trematodes, • Encompasses various laws, administrative
cestodes, protozoa, plasmodium, orders, and other approved legal documents
among others) related to the practice of Medical
o Different methods of preparing Technology/Medical Laboratory Science in
smear for microscopic examination the Philippines.
(e.g., direct fecal smear, Kato-Katz, • Bioethics looks into the study of ethics as
among others) applied to health and health care delivery
Immunohematology and Blood Bank and to human life in general.
• Different bioethical principles, philosophical
• Tackles the concepts of inheritance, principles, virtues and norms, and the Code
characterization, and laboratory of Ethics of medical technologists are also
identification of red cells antigens and their discussed.
corresponding antibodies.
Hematology 1
• Covers the application of these antigens
and/or antibodies in transfusion medicine • Deals with the study of the concepts of
and transfusion reactions work-up. blood as a tissue. Formation, metabolism of
o ABO and Rh typing cells, laboratory assays, correlation with
o Coombs test (direct and indirect pathologic conditions, special hematology
Coombs) evaluation are given emphasis.
o Blood donation process • Quality assurance and quality control in
o Compatibility testing hematology laboratory as well as bone
o Transfusion reaction work-up marrow studies are also discussed.
o Preparation of RBC suspension o Complete blood count (CBC)
Mycology and Virology o Hematocrit blood test
o Platelet count
• Deals with the study of fungi and viruses as o Preparation of blood smear and
agents of diseases with emphasis on staining
epidemiology, laboratory identification and o Red cell morphology
characterization, and prevention and control. o Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
(ESR)
o Fragility test
o Erythrocyte indices
o Reticulocyte count
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 o Instrumentation • Includes formation, laboratory analyses,
o Osmotic fragility test reference values and clinical correlation with
o Quality assurance and quality control pathologic conditions.
o Biosafety and waste management • Looks into instrumentation and automation,
quality assurance, and quality control.
Hematology 2
o Instrumentation
• Deals with the concepts and principles of o Quality assurance and quality control
hemostasis, and abnormalities involving red o Glucose determination
blood cells (RBC), white blood cells o Lipid testing (triglyceride,
(WBC), and platelets. lipoproteins)
• Laboratory identification of blood cell o Renal function tests [blood urea
abnormalities, quantitative measurement of nitrogen (BUN), blood uric acid
coagulation factors, and disease correlation (BUA), creatinine]
are emphasized. o Protein testing (total proteins,
o Identification of abnormal RBC and albumin, globulin)
WBC o Biosafety and waste management
o Special staining techniques
Clinical Chemistry 2
o Coagulation factor test (e.g.,
activated partial thromboplastin time • A continuation of Clinical Chemistry 1 and
[APTT], Prothrombin time [PTI, deals with the concepts and principles of
Bleeding time [BT], Clotting time physiologically active soluble substances
[CT], Clot retraction time [CRT]) and waste materials present in body fluids,
o Instrumentation particularly in the blood.
• Covers the study of endocrine glands and
Clinical Microscopy
hormones and their formation, laboratory
• Focuses on the study of urine and other body analyses, and clinical correlation.
fluids (excluding blood). • Therapeutic drug monitoring and laboratory
• It includes the discussion of their formation, analyses of drugs and substances of abuse as
laboratory analyses, disease processes, and well as toxic substances are also
clinical correlation of laboratory results. emphasized.
o Routine urinalysis (macroscopic, o Bilirubin tests
microscopic, chemical examinations) o Clinical enzymology (transferases,
o Special chemical examination of dehydrogenase, hydrolases)
urine o Electrolyte testing
o Examination of other body fluids o Hormone testing
(seminal fluid, gastric juice, o Drug tests
cerebrospinal fluid)
Seminars 1 and 2
o Pregnancy tests
o Chemical examination of stool • Taken during the student's fourth year in the
specimens program together with the internship
training.
Clinical Chemistry 1
• Deals with current laboratory analyses used
• Encompasses the concepts and principles of in the practice of medical technology.
physiologically active soluble substances
and waste materials present in body fluids,
particularly in the blood.
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 Molecular Biology and Diagnostics • The intern is required to render 32 hours of
duty per week not exceeding a total of 1,664
• Molecular Biology deals with the nucleic
hours in one year. This is broken down per
acid and protein molecule interaction within
section as follows (based on CMO 13 s.
the cell to promote proper growth, cell
2017):
division, and development.
• Covers the molecular mechanisms of DNA Clinical Chemistry 300 hours
replication, repair, transcription, translation, Clinical Microscopy and 200 hours
protein synthesis, and gene regulation. Parasitology
• Focused on the concepts, principles, and Microbiology 250 hours
application of molecular biology in clinical Hematology 300 hours
laboratory. Blood Banking 200 hours
Histopathologic techniques and 100 hours
• Deals with the application of different
Cytology
molecular techniques as tools in the
Immunology and Serology 220 hours
diagnosis of diseases.
Laboratory Management 40 hours
Research Courses Phlebotomy 54 hours
Total: 1,664 hours
• Research 1: Introduction to Laboratory
Science Research
o Deals with the basic concepts and Licensure Examination
principles of research as applied • The Professional Regulatory Commission
Medical Technology/Clinical (PRC) is the government agency, under the
Laboratory Science Office of the President of the Philippines,
o Ethical principles, as applied in tasked to administer licensure examinations
research, are also emphasized. to different professionals.
• Research 2: Research Paper Writing and
Presentation • The Professional Regulatory Board (PRB)
o Covers the methodology of the for Medical Technology / Medical
research, writing the research paper Laboratory Science, under the PRC, is
in the format prescribed by the tasked to prepare and administer the written
institution and international agencies licensure examinations for graduates
for possible publication, and qualified to take the examination.
presentation of the finished and
completed research oin a formal • PRB is composed of a chairperson, who
forum. must be a duly licensed pathologist, and two
Clinical Internship Training members, who should be both registered
medical technologists.
• Clinical internship training is taken during
the students’ fourth year in the program. • At present, Medical Technologist Licensure
• Before proceeding with the actual training, Examination is given twice a year, on the
students are required to undergo physical months of March and August.
and laboratory examinations which include
but not limited to, complete blood count
(CBC), urinalysis, fecalysis, chest X-ray and
/ or sputum microscopy.
• Proof of vaccination for hepatitis B is also a
requirement.
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 • Listed below are some of the provisions Program goals and Learning Outcomes
included in the Republic Act 5527, “The
The program outcomes of the BSMT / BSMLS
Medical Technology Act of 1969,” in
degree expect students to:
relation to the licensure examination:
• Demonstrate knowledge and technical skills
o The course included in the licensure needed to correctly perform laboratory
examination and their corresponding testing and ensure reliability of test results.
weights are as follows: • Be endowed with the professional attitude
and values enabling them to work with their
Clinical Chemistry 20%
colleagues and other members of the health
Microbiology and Parasitology 20%
Hematology 20% care delivery system.
Blood Banking and 20% • Demonstrate critical thinking and problem
Immunology and Serology solving skills when confronted with
Clinical Microscopy 10% situations, problems, and conflicts in the
Histopathologic Techniques 10% practice of their profession.
* MT Laws and Bioethics and Laboratory • Actively participate in self-directed life-long
Management – not written in R.A. 5527, but are learning activities to be updated with the
now included in the board exam. current trends in the profession.
• Actively participate in research and
o To pass the exam, an examinee must:
community-oriented activities.
➢ Receive a general weighted
• Be endowed with leadership skills.
average of 75%,
➢ Have no rating below 50% in any • Demonstrate collaboration, teamwork,
major courses, and integrity, and respect when working in a
➢ Pass in at least 60% of the multicultural environment.
courses computed according to Assessment
their relative weights.
• If an examinee passed the examination and Assessment plays a significant role in ensuring that
is 21 years old and above, he or she will be students are on the right track toward attaining their
issued a certificate of registration and a PRC goals, as well as gauging their strengths and
card as a licensed medical technologist. If an weaknesses. The importance of assessment for both
examinee is younger than 21 years old, he or teachers and students can be seen in the following
she will register as a professional after his or purposes:
her 21st birthday. • It provides feedback on the progress of
• If an examinee failed to pass the licensure students toward the achievement of learning
examination three times, he or she needs to outcomes.
enroll in a refresher course before retaking • It identifies the flaws in the psychomotor
the examination. skills and deficiencies in the theoretical
• If an examinee failed to pass the knowledge and conceptual skills of the
examination but garnered a general weighted student.
average of 70% - 74%, he or she may apply • It serves as a diagnostic tool to determine
for certification as a medical laboratory the capabilities of a student so that the
technician. teacher can prepare additional exercises and
activities to address his or her needs during
the assessment.
• It serves as a motivation to further improve a
student’s skill set in a particular area.
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 • It provides information on students’ ability to put ideas, facts, and
response to a particular learning strategy opinions in writing in an organized ,
which serves as a basis for retaining or direct, and understandable manner.
changing a strategy. • Portfolios
• It provides information to the teacher if there o A portfolio is a tool for assessing
is need to improve teaching and learning student’s mastery of skills through a
strategies. collection of outputs that show their
• It determines the demonstrable changes in progress at the end of the course
the attitude and behavior of students. program.
• It determines whether learning has taken • Performance Task
place. o In BSMT / BSMLS, performance
tasks are usually given in the
Types of Assessment laboratory component of a course.
• Formative Assessment o This assessment tool measures the
o As defined by W. James Popham attainment of psychomotor skills
(2008), “is a planned process in necessary for the correct
which assessment – elicited evidence performance of practical procedures
of student’s status is used by teachers in the laboratory.
to adjust their ongoing instructional • Oral Examinations and Presentations
procedures or by students to adjust o Oral examinations and presentations
their current learning tactics.” are assessment tools that gauge
competency through oral
• Summative Assessment communication skills.
o This is the assessment of learning. • Rubrics
o This is done at the end of the o A rubric is an assessment tool that
instruction, grading period (prelim, evaluates the work of students based
mid-terms, finals), or comprehensive on a particular criterion.
examination. o It clearly communicates the
• Diagnostic Assessment standards for a particular academic
o This type of assessment is given task for the characteristic of each
prior to instruction. criterion is clearly written.
o This is used to gauge what students
already known and do not know
about the topic at hand.
Assessment Tools
The following are some example assessment tools:
• Teacher-made Written Tests
o Written tests are very popular and
widely used assessment tools.
o Written tests include quizzes, long
exams, term exams, and
comprehensive exams.
• Reflection Papers
o Writing reflection paper requires
excellent writing skills, that is, the
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