SHANTHINIKETAN PUBLIC SCHOOL

Udaipur

MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM

Class 12 - Physics
Time Allowed: 2 hours Maximum Marks: 245

Section A
1. A 5.0 MeV proton is falling vertically downward through a region of magnetic field 1.5 T acting horizontally [2]
from south to north. Find the magnitude and the direction of the magnetic force exerted on the proton. Take mass

of the proton as 1.6 × 10-27 kg.

2. A student records the following data for the magnitudes (B) of the magnetic field at axial points at different [2]
distances x from the centre of a circular coil of radius a carrying a current I. Verify (for any two) that these
observations are in good agreement with the expected theoretical variation of B with x.

x→ x=0 x-a x=2a x = 3a

– – −−
y→ B0 0.25√2B0 0.039√5B0 0.010√10 B0

3. In the circuit (Fig.) the current is to be measured. What is the value of the current if the ammeter shown [2]

a. is a galvanometer with a resistance RG = 60.00 Ω ;

b. is a galvanometer described in (a) but converted to an ammeter by a shunt resistance rs = 0.02 Ω ;

c. is an ideal ammeter with zero resistance?

4. Copper has 8.0 × 1028 electrons per cubic metre. A copper wire of length 1 m and cross-sectional area 8.0 × [2]

10-6 m2 carrying a current and lying at right angle to a magnetic field of strength 5 × 10-3 T experiences a force
of 8.0 × 10-2 N. Calculate the drift velocity of free electrons in the wire.
5. Two long straight parallel wires A and B separated by a distance d, carry equal current I flowing in same [2]
direction as shown in the figure.

i. Find the magnetic field at a point P situated between them at a distance x from one wire.

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 ii. Show graphically the variation of the magnetic field with distance x for 0 < x < d.
6. Is the force between two parallel current-carrying wires affected by the nature of the dielectric medium between [2]
them?
7. Why do we prefer phosphor - bronze alloy for the suspension wire of a moving coil galvanometer? [2]
8. If the current sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer is increased by 20%, its resistance also increases by 1.5 [2]
times. How will the voltage sensitivity of the galvanometer be affected?
9. A galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter of a certain range by connecting a resistance of 980Ω in series [2]
with it. When the resistance is 470Ω connected in series, the range is halved. Find the resistance of the
galvanometer.
10. An electron travels in a circular path of radius 20 cm in a magnetic field 2 × 10-3 T. [2]

i. Calculate the speed of the electron,

ii. What is the potential difference through which the electron must be accelerated to acquire this speed?
11. Derive an expression for the potential energy of a bar magnet when placed in a uniform magnetic field. [2]
12. A galvanometer with a scale divided into 100 equal divisions has a current sensitivity of 10 divisions per mA [2]
and a voltage sensitivity of 2 divisions per mV. What adoptions are required to read (i) 5 A for full scale and (ii)
1 division per volt?
13. A beam of protons on passing through a region in space is deflected sidewise. How would you be able to tell [2]
which of the two fields (electric or magnetic) has caused the deflection?
14. a. A point charge q moving with speed v v enters a uniform magnetic field B that is acting into the plane of the [2]
paper as shown. What is the path followed by the charge q and in which plane does it move?

b. How does the path followed by the charge get affected if its velocity has a component parallel to B?
c. If an electric E⃗ is also applied such that the particle continues moving along the original straight line path,
what would be the magnitude and direction of the electric field E⃗ ?
15. A long straight conductor P carrying a current of 2 A is placed parallel to a short conductor Q of length 0.05 m [2]
carrying a current of 3 A. The two conductors are 0.10 m apart.
Calculate:
a. the magnetic field due to P at Q.
b. the approximate force on Q.

16. A long straight wire AB carries a current of 4 A. A proton P travels at 4 × 106 m/s, parallel to the wire, 0.2 m [2]

from it and in a direction opposite to the current as shown in given figure. Calculate the force which the

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 magnetic field of current exerts on the proton. Also, specify the direction of the force.

17. A charged particle enters an environment of a strong and non-uniform magnetic field varying from point to point [2]
both in magnitude and direction and comes out of it following a complicated trajectory. Would its final speed
equal the initial speed if it suffered no collisions with the environment?
18. A straight wire carrying a current of 12 A is bent into a semicircular arc of radius 2.0 cm as shown in the given [2]
figure (a). What is the direction and magnitude of B at the centre of the arc? Would your answer change if the
wire were bent into a semicircular arc of the same radius but in the opposite way as shown in given figure (b).

19. An electron does not suffer any deflection while passing through a region. Are you definite there is no magnetic [2]
field in that region ?

20.
∧

An electron enters with a velocity v = v0 i into a cubical region (faces parallel to coordinate planes) in which [2]

there are uniform electric and magnetic fields. The orbit of the electron is found to spiral down inside the cube in
plane parallel to the x-y plane. Suggest a configuration of fields E and B that can lead to it.
Section B
21. i. Write an expression of magnetic moment associated with a current (I) carrying circular coil of radius r [3]
having N turns.
ii. Consider the above-mentioned coil placed in YZ plane with its centre at the origin. Derive the expression for
the value of magnetic field due to it at point (x, 0, 0).

22. In a chamber, a uniform magnetic field of 6.5 G (1 G = 10–4 T) is maintained. An electron is shot into the field [3]

with a speed of 4.8 × 106 ms–1 normal to the field. Explain why the path of the electron is a circle. Determine

the radius of the circular orbit. (e = 1.5 × 10–19 C, me = 9.1 × 10–31 kg)

23. In a chamber, a uniform magnetic field of 8.0 G (1 G = 10-4 T) is maintained. An electron with a speed of 4.0 × [3]

106 ms-1 enters the chamber in a direction normal to the field.

i. Describe the path of the electron.
ii. What is the frequency of revolution of the electron?
iii. What happens to the path of the electron if it progressively loses its energy due to collisions with the atoms
or molecules of the environment?
24. Consider the motion of a charged particle of mass m and charge q moving with velocity v in a magnetic field B. [3]
qB
i. If v is perpendicular to B, then show that it describes a circular path having angular frequency ω = m
.
ii. If the velocity v has a component parallel to the magnetic field B, then trace the path described by the
particle. Justify your answer.

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25. Two long straight parallel conductors carry steady current I1 and I2 separated by a distance d. If the currents are [3]
flowing in the same direction, show how the magnetic field set up in one produces an attractive force on the
other. Obtain the expression for this force. Hence define one ampere.
26. A long straight wire of a circular cross-section·of radius a carries steady current I. The current is uniformly [3]
distributed across the cross-section. Apply Ampere's circuital law to calculate the magnetic field B(r) at a point
in the region for (i) r < a and (ii) r > a. Draw a graph showing the dependence of B(r) on r.
27. A parallelogram-shaped coil PQRS of sides 0.7 m and 0.5 m carries a current of 1.5 A, as shown in Fig. It is [3]
placed in a magnetic field B⃗ = 40 parallel to PS. Find
i. forces on the sides of the coil and
ii. torque on the coil.

28. i. Derive the expression for the torque acting on a current carrying loop placed in a magnetic field. [3]
ii. Explain the significance of a radial magnetic field when a current carrying coil is kept in it.
29. Three long straight parallel wires are kept as shown in Fig. The wire (3) carries a current I [3]

i. The direction of flow of current I in wire (3), is such that the net force, on wire (1), due to the other two
wires, is zero.
ii. By reversing the direction of I, the net force, on wire (2), due to the other two wires, becomes zero. What
will be the directions of current 7, in the two cases? Also obtain the relation between the magnitudes of
currents I1, I2 and I

30. A horizontal wire AB of length l and mass m carries a steady current I1 free to move in the vertical plane is in [3]

equilibrium at a height of h over another parallel long wire CD carrying a steady current Iy which is fixed in a
horizontal plane. Derive an expression for force acting per unit length on the wire AB and write the conditions
for which wire AB is in equilibrium?

31. A rectangular conducting loop consists of two wires on two opposite sides of length l joined together by rods of [3]
length d. The wires are each of the same material but with cross-sections differing by a factor of 2. The thicker
wire has a resistance R and the rods are of low resistance, which in turn are connected to a constant voltage
source V0. The loop is placed in uniform a magnetic field B at 45° to its plane. Find τ , the torque exerted by the
magnetic field on the loop about an axis through the centres of rods.
32. A proton, a deutron and an alpha particle having the same kinetic energy are allowed to pass through a uniform [3]

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 magnetic field perpendicular to their direction of motion. Compare the radii o f their circular paths.
33. A rectangular coil of sides 8 cm and 6 cm having 2000 turns and carrying a current of 200 mA is placed in a [3]
uniform magnetic field of 0.2 T directed along the + ve X-axis.
i. What is the maximum torque the coil can experience? In which orientation does it experience the maximum
torque?
ii. For which orientations of the coil is the torque zero? When is this equilibrium stable and when is it unstable?
34. A straight horizontal conducting rod of length 0.45 m and mass 60 g is suspended by two vertical wires at its [3]
ends. A current of 5.0 A is set up in the rod through the wires.
a. What magnetic field should be set up normal to the conductor in order that the tension in the wires is zero?
b. What will be the total tension in the wires if the direction of current is reversed, keeping the magnetic field
same as before? (Ignore the mass of the wires) g = 9.8 ms-2.
35. Draw a labelled diagram of cyclotron. Explain its working principle. Show that cyclotron frequency is [3]
independent of the speed and radius of the orbit.
36. A 100-turns coil kept in a magnetic field B = 0.05 Wb m, carries a current of 1 A, as shown in Fig. Find the [3]
torque acting on the coil.

37. A uniform magnetic field of 1.5 T exists in a cylindrical region of radius 10.0 cm, its direction parallel to the [3]
axis along east to west. A wire carrying current of 7.0 A in the north to south direction passes through this
region. What is the magnitude and direction of the force on the wire if,
i. the wire intersects the axis
ii. the wire is turned from N-S to northwest direction,
iii. the wire in the N-S direction is lowered from the axis by a distance of 6.0 cm?
38. Define the term current sensitivity of a galvanometer. In the circuits shown in the figures, the galvanometer [3]
shows no deflection in each case. Find the ratio of R1 and R2.

39. An electron moves around the nucleus in a hydrogen atom of radius 0.51 A, with a velocity of 2 × 106 m/s. [3]

Calculate the following:

i. the equivalent current due to orbital motion of electron
ii. the magnetic field produced at the centre of the nucleus
iii. the magnetic moment associated with the electron.
40. A solenoid 50 cm long has 4 layers of windings of 350 turns each. The radius of the lowest layer is 1.4 cm. If the [3]
current carried is 6.0 A, estimate the magnitude of B⃗
i. near the centre of the solenoid on its axis and off its axis,
ii. near its ends on its axis,

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 iii. outside the solenoid near its centre.
41. A long solenoid of length L having N turns carries a current I. Deduce the expression for the magnetic field in [3]
the interior of the solenoid.
42. A given rectangular coil OLMN of area A, carrying a given current I, is placed in a uniform magnetic field [3]
⃗ ^
B = Bk in two different orientations (a) and (b) as shown. What is the magnitude of torque experienced by
this coil in the two cases?

43. A circular coil of 25 turns and radius 6.0 cm carrying a current of 10 A, is suspended vertically in a uniform [3]
magnetic field of magnitude 1.2 T. The field lines run horizontally in the plane of the coil. Calculate the force
and torque on coil due to the magnetic field.

44. Figure shows a long straight wire of a circular cross-section (radius a) carrying steady current I. The current I is [3]
uniformly distributed across this cross-section. Calculate the magnetic field in the region r < a and r > a.

45. A uniform conducting wire of length 12a and resistance R is wound up as a current-carrying coil in the shape of [3]
a. an equilateral triangle of side a,
b. a square of sides a and,
c. a regular hexagon of sides a.
The coil is connected to a voltage source V0. Find the magnetic moment of the coils in each case.

46. A voltmeter of resistance RV and an ammeter of resistance RA are connected in a circuit to measure, a resistance [3]
R as shown in Fig. The ratio of the meter readings gives an apparent resistance R'. Show that R and R' are

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 related by the relation 1

R
=
1
′
−
1

RV
R

47. The current-loop PQRSTP formed by two circular segments of radii R1 and R2 carries a current of I ampere. [3]

Find the magnetic field at the common centre O. What will be the field if angle α = 90o?
48. A circular coil of wire consisting of 100 turns each of radius 8.0 cm carries a current of 0.40 A. What is the [3]
magnitude of the magnetic field B
⃗
at the centre of the coil?
49. A wire of radius 0.5 cm carries a current of 100 A which is uniformly distributed over its cross-section. Find the [3]
magnetic field:
i. at 0.1 cm from the axis of the wire,
ii. at the surface of the wire and
iii. at a point outside the wire 0.2 cm from the surface of the wire.

50. i. State the condition under which a charged particle moving with velocity v goes undeflected in a magnetic [3]
field B.

ii. An electron, after being accelerated through a potential difference of 104 V enters a uniform magnetic field
of 0-04 T, perpendicular to its direction of motion. Calculate the radius of curvature of its trajectory.

51. i. Why is the need for magnetic field radial in a moving coil galvanometer? Explain how it is achieved? [3]
ii. A galvanometer of resistance 'G' can be converted into a voltmeter of range (0 - V) volts by connecting a
resistance 'R' in series with it. How much resistance will be required to change its range from 0 to V

2
?
52. A rectangular loop of wire of size 2.5cm × 4cm carries steady current of 1A. A straight wire carrying 2A [3]
current is kept near the loop as shown. If the loop and the wire are coplanar, find the
i. torque acting on the loop and
ii. the magnitude and direction of the force on the loop due to the current carrying wire.

53. A circular coil of 20 turns and a radius of 10 cm is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.10 T normal to the [3]
plane of the coil. If the current in the coil is 5.0 A, what is the
a. total torque on the coil,
b. the total force on the coil,
c. average force on each electron in the coil due to the magnetic field?

(The coil is made of copper wire of cross-sectional area 10–5 m2, and the free electron density in copper is given

to be about 1029 m–3)

54. A current I = 5.0 A flows along a thin wire shaped as shown in the given figure. The radius of the curved part of [3]

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 the wire is equal to R = 120 mm, the angle 2ϕ = 90o. Find the magnetic induction of the field at point O.

55. An iron core is inserted into a solenoid 0.5 m long with 400 turns per unit length. The area of cross section of the [3]
solenoid is 0.01 m2.
a. Find the permeability of the core when a current of 5 A flows through the solenoid winding. Under these
conditions, the magnetic flux through the cross section of the solenoid is 1.6 × 10 −3
Wb.
b. Find the inductance of the solenoid under these conditions.
Section C
56. An electron emitted by a heated cathode and accelerated through a potential difference of 2.0 kV, enters a region [5]
with uniform magnetic field of 0.15 T. Determine the trajectory of the electron if the field
a. is transverse to its initial velocity,
b. makes an angle of 30° with the initial velocity.
57. For a circular coil of radius R and N turns carrying current I, the magnitude of the magnetic field at a point on its [5]
axis at a distance x from its centre is given by,
2
μ0 I R N
B =
3/2
2 2
2( x +R )

a. Show that this reduces to the familiar result for field at the centre of the coil.
b. Consider two parallel co-axial circular coils of equal radius R, and a number of turns N, carrying equal
currents in the same direction, and separated by a distance R. Show that the field on the axis around the mid-
point between the coils is uniform over a distance that is small as compared to R, and is given by
μ NI
B = 0.72
0

R
, approximately.
Such an arrangement used to produce a nearly uniform magnetic field over a small region is known as
Helmholtz coils.

58. i. Express Biot-Savart law in the vector form. [5]

ii. Use it to obtain the expression for the magnetic field at an axial point, distanced from the centre of a circular
coil of radius R carrying current I.
iii. Also, find the ratio of the magnitudes of the magnetic field of this coil at the centre and at an axial point for
–
which x = R√3.
59. Consider a circular current-carrying loop of radius R in the x-y plane with centre at origin. Consider the line [5]
L
intergral I (L) = ∣
∫
∣ −L
B ⋅ dl
∣
∣
taken along z-axis.
a. Show that I (L) monotonically increases with L.
b. Use an appropriate Amperian loop to show that I (∞) = μ0 I , where I is the current in the wire.
c. Verify directly the above result.
d. Suppose we replace the circular coil by a square coil of sides R carrying the same current I. What can you
say about I(L) and I(∞) ?
60. A rectangular loop of metallic wire is of length a and breadth b and carries current I. Find the magnitude of the [5]
magnetic field at the centre O of the loop.

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61. A 100 turn rectangular coil ABCD (in XY plane) is hung from one arm of a balance (Fig.). A mass 500g is [5]
added to the other arm to balance the weight of the coil. A current 4.9 A passes through the coil and a constant
magnetic field of 0.2 T acting inward (in xz plane) is switched on such that only arm CD of length 1 cm lies in
the field. How much additional mass ‘m’ must be added to regain the balance?

62. i. Show how Biot-Savart's law can be alternatively expressed in the form of Ampere's circuital law. Use this [5]
law to obtain the expression for the magnetic field inside a solenoid of length l, cross-sectional area A having
'n' closely wound turns and carrying a steady current 'l'. Draw the magnetic field lines of a finite solenoid
carrying current I.
ii. A straight horizontal conducting rod of length 0.45 m and mass 60 g is suspended by two vertical wires at its
ends. A current of 5.0 A is set up in the rod through the wires.
Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field which should be set up in order that the tension in the
wire is zero.
63. You are given two resistors X and Y whose resistances are to be determined using an ammeter of resistance 0.5 n [5]
and a voltmeter of resistance 20 kΩ . It is known that X is in the range of a few ohms, while Y is the range of
several thousand ohms. In each case, which of the two connections shown in Fig. would you choose for
resistance measurement? Justify your answer quantitatively,

64. For a circular coil of radius R and N turns carrying current I, the magnitude of the magnetic field at a point on its [5]
2
μ IR N
axis at a distance x from its centre is given by, B = 0

3/2
2 2
2(x +R )

i. Show that this reduces to the familiar result for field at the centre of the coil.
ii. Consider two parallel co-axial circular coils of equal radius R, and number of turns N, carrying equal
currents in the same direction, and separated by a distance R. Show that the field on the axis around the mid
point between the coils is uniform over a distance that is small as compared to R, and is given by
μ NI
approximately.
0
B = 0.72
R

[Such an arrangement to produce a nearly uniform magnetic field over a small region is known as Helmholtz
coils.]
65. On a smooth plane inclined at 30 with the horizontal, a thin current-carrying metallic rod is placed parallel to
∘
[5]
the horizontal ground. The plane is located in a uniform magnetic field of 0.15 T in the vertical direction. For
what value of current can the rod remain stationary? The mass per unit length of the rod is 2.03 kg m-1.
66. Two wires A and B have the same length equal to 44 cm and carry a current of 10 A each. Wire A is bent into a [5]
circle and wire B into a square, (a) Which wire produces a greater magnetic field at the centre? (b) Obtain the
magnitudes of the fields at the centres of the two wires.
67. i. An electron in the ground state of Hydrogen atom is revolving in a circular orbit of radius R. Obtain the [5]
expression for the orbital magnetic moment of the electron in terms of fundamental constants.

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 ii. Draw the magnetic field lines for a current carrying solenoid when a rod made of
a. copper,
b. aluminium and
c. iron, is inserted within the solenoid as shown.

68. Derive an expression for the maximum force experienced by a straight conductor of length l, carrying current I [5]
and kept in a uniform magnetic field B.
69. A solenoid 60 cm long and of radius 4.0 cm has 3 layers of windings of 300 turns each. A 2.0 cm long wire of [5]
mass 2.5 g lies inside the solenoid (near its centre) normal to its axis; both the wire and the axis of the solenoid
are in the horizontal plane. The wire is connected through two leads parallel to the axis of the solenoid to an
external battery which supplies a current of 6.0 A in the wire. What value of current (with an appropriate sense
of circulation) in the windings of the solenoid can support the weight of the wire? g = 9.8 ms–2.
70. A 100 turn closely wound circular coil of radius 10 cm carries a current of 3.2 A. [5]
a. What is the field at the centre of the coil?
b. What is the magnetic moment of this coil? The coil is placed in a vertical plane and is free to rotate about a
horizontal axis which coincides with its diameter. A uniform magnetic field of 2T in the horizontal direction
exists such that initially the axis of the coil is in the direction of the field. The coil rotates through an angle of
90° under the influence of the magnetic field.
c. What are the magnitudes of the torques on the coil in the initial and final position?
d. What is the angular speed acquired by the coil when it has rotated by 90°? The moment of inertia of the coil
is 0.1 kg m2.
71. An electron and a positron are released from (0, 0, 0) and (0, 0, 1.5R ) respectively, in a uniform magnetic field [5]
B = B0 , each with an equal momentum of magnitude p = e BR. Under what conditions on the direction of
^
i

momentum will the orbits be non intersecting circles?

72. A monoenergetic electron beam of initial energy 18 keV moving horizontally is subjected to a horizontal [5]
magnetic field of 0.4 G normal to its initial direction. Calculate the vertical deflection of the beam over a
distance of 30 cm.
73. a. Using Biot-Savart's law, derive an expression for the magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil of radius [5]
R, number of turns N, carrying current i.
b. Two small identical circular coils marked 1, 2 carry equal currents and are placed with their geometric axes
perpendicular to each other as shown in the figure. Derive an expression for the resultant magnetic field at O.

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74. a. Using Ampere's circuital law, obtain the expression for the magnetic field due to a long solenoid at a point [5]
inside the solenoid on its axis.
b. In what respect is a toroid different from a solenoid? Draw and compare the pattern of the magnetic field
lines in two cases.
c. How is the magnetic field inside a given solenoid made strong?

75. i. a. Use Biot-Savart's law to derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a circular coil of radius R [5]
having N turns at a point on the axis at a distance V from its centre.
b. Draw the magnetic field lines due to this coil,
ii. A current I enters a uniform circular loop of radius 'R' at point M and flows out at N as shown in the figure.
Obtain the net magnetic field at the centre of the loop.

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